1
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Setoguchi S, Goto S, Matsunaga K. Potential of Powder Rheology for Detecting Unforeseen Cross-Contamination of Foreign Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:138. [PMID: 38890193 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Unexpected cross-contamination by foreign components during the manufacturing and quality control of pharmaceutical products poses a serious threat to the stable supply of drugs and the safety of customers. In Japan, in 2020, a mix-up containing a sleeping drug went undetected by liquid chromatography during the final quality test because the test focused only on the main active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and known impurities. In this study, we assessed the ability of a powder rheometer to analyze powder characteristics in detail to determine whether it can detect the influence of foreign APIs on powder flow. Aspirin, which was used as the host API, was combined with the guest APIs (acetaminophen from two manufacturers and albumin tannate) and subsequently subjected to shear and stability tests. The influence of known lubricants (magnesium stearate and leucine) on powder flow was also evaluated for standardized comparison. Using microscopic morphological analysis, the surface of the powder was observed to confirm physical interactions between the host and guest APIs. In most cases, the guest APIs were statistically detected due to characteristics such as their powder diameter, pre-milling, and cohesion properties. Furthermore, we evaluated the flowability of a formulation incorporating guest APIs for direct compression method along with additives such as microcrystalline cellulose, potato starch, and lactose. Even in the presence of several additives, the influence of the added guest APIs was successfully detected. In conclusion, powder rheometry is a promising method for ensuring stable product quality and reducing the risk of unforeseen cross-contamination by foreign APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Setoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka- shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka- shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka- shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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2
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Mariano M. General aspects of powder rheology applied to pharmaceutical formulations. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103976. [PMID: 38580163 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Powder flowability is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry, strongly affecting solid dosage processing. Classical experimental techniques offer straightforward results for the rapid screening of formulations during development. However, they fail to describe powder properties under consolidation. Complex techniques, such as shear cell, accurately assess fundamental properties of particulate samples under realistic conditions, enabling prediction of their flow. Ideally, a combination of experimental methods should be used to comprehensively assess powder flowability, ensuring consistent product performance. Moreover, researchers and analytical scientists must have a solid understanding of powder rheology to effectively interpret acquired data. In this review, common techniques, experimental protocols, and typical results observed in a pharmaceutical context are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, SETU, Waterford, Ireland.
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3
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Chendo C, Pinto JF, Paisana MC. Comprehensive powder flow characterization with reduced testing. Int J Pharm 2023:123107. [PMID: 37279868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Powder flow is a critical attribute of pharmaceutical blends to ensure tablet weight uniformity and production of tablets with consistent and reproducible properties. This study aims at characterizing different powder blends with a number of different rheologic techniques, in order to understand how particles' attributes and interaction between components within the formulation generate different responses when analysed by different rheological tests. Furthermore, this study intends on reducing the number of tests in early development phases, by selecting the ones that provide the best information about the flowability attributes of the pharmaceutical blends. This work considered two cohesive powders - spray-dried hydroxypropyl cellulose (SD HPMC) and micronized indomethacin (IND) - formulated with other four commonly used excipients [(lactose monohydrated (LAC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium stearate (MgSt) and colloidal silica (CS)]. The experimental results showed that powder flowability may be affected by materials particles' size, bulk density, morphology, and interactions with lubricant. In detail, parameters, such as angle of repose (AoR), compressibility percentage (CPS), and flow function coefficient (ffc) have shown to be highly affected by the particle size of the materials present in the blends. On the other hand, the Specific Energy (SE) and the effective angle of internal friction (φe) showed to be more related with particle morphology and materials interaction with the lubricant. Since both ffc and φe parameters are generated from the yield locus test, data suggest that a number of different powder flow features may be understood only by applying this test, avoiding redundant powder flow characterization, as well as extensive time and material spent in early development formulation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Chendo
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Paisana
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Shah DS, Moravkar KK, Jha DK, Lonkar V, Amin PD, Chalikwar SS. A concise summary of powder processing methodologies for flow enhancement. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16498. [PMID: 37292344 PMCID: PMC10245010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of powder properties has been highlighted since the 19th century since most formulations focus on solid dosage forms, and powder flow is essential for various manufacturing operations. A poor powder flow may generate problems in the manufacturing processes and cause the plant's malfunction. Hence these problems should be studied and rectified beforehand by various powder flow techniques to improve and enhance powder flowability. The powder's physical properties can be determined using compendial and non-compendial methods. The non-compendial practices generally describe the powder response under the stress and shear experienced during their processing. The primary interest of the current report is to summarize the flow problems and enlist the techniques to eliminate the issues associated with the powder's flow properties, thereby increasing plant output and minimizing the production process inconvenience with excellent efficiency. In this review, we discuss powder flow and its measurement techniques and mainly focus on various approaches to improve the cohesive powder flow property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi S. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Kailas K. Moravkar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule 425405, India
- Regeron INC 103 BIO-2, Chuncheon BioTown, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Durgesh K. Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- DelNova Healthcare, An Innovation Center of ViRACS Healthcare, Thane, India
| | - Vijay Lonkar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule 425405, India
| | - Purnima D. Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailesh S. Chalikwar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule 425405, India
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5
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Flow of lubricated granular material on an inclined plane. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Nagasamy Venkatesh D, Meyyanathan SN, Shanmugam R, Kamatham SS, Campos JR, Dias-Ferreira J, Sanchez-Lopez E, Cardoso JC, Severino P, Souto EB. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characterization of isradipine tablets for controlled release. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:92-100. [PMID: 33074769 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1839495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isradipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) commonly used as vasodilator with antihypertensive properties. A remote-controlled release formulation for isradipine would substantially improve the clinical outcomes of the patients requiring chronic long-term treatment. In this work, sustained release (SR) tablets of isradipine, composed of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), have been produced by wet granulation and their in vitro and in vivo characterization was compared to a conventional tablet dosage form of immediate release (IR) as preliminary assessment. Tablets composed of 15.0% (wt/wt) HPMC exhibited a SR profile over a period of 24 hours. The release of isradipine followed a Fickian diffusion pattern obeying to the first order kinetics and the extent of absorption was even higher in comparison to the developed conventional tablets, which showed immediate drug release. In vivo studies were carried out in rabbits, showing that the extent of isradipine absorption from the developed tablets was higher in comparison to IR tablets due to the modified release profile obtained for the former (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that SR tablets of isradipine are an efficient solid dosage form to overcome the limitations encountered in conventional IR tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S S Kamatham
- Sri Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tadepalligudem, India
| | - J R Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Dias-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Centro de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Cardoso
- Tiradentes University (UNIT) and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - P Severino
- Tiradentes University (UNIT) and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju, Brazil.,Tiradentes Institute, Dorchester, MA, USA
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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7
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Image-based characterization of powder flow to predict the success of pharmaceutical minitablet manufacturing. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Faulhammer E, Kruisz J, Scheibelhofer O, Rehrl J, Witschnigg A, Khinast JG. Filling of lactose-based formulations in a tamping-pin capsule filler. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:775-787. [PMID: 32290729 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1753063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied three lactose-based formulations in terms of bulk powder properties and capsule-filling behavior in a tamping-pin capsule filling system, to which several mechanical adaptions were made for process optimization in light of future continuous production. The model formulations were thoroughly characterized and filled into size 1 capsules according a well-defined design of experiments (DoE). Overall, the three entirely different formulations were successfully filled within the selected design space. The fill weight and fill weight variability can be adjusted by fine-tuning the process settings, like the pin immersion depth and the maximum compaction pressure (pneumatic or spring-controlled), and by using the appropriate powder bed height and mechanical adaptions. This study demonstrated that selection of process parameters and mechanical adaptions could enhance the filling performance, especially in continuous production, since they reduce the powder volume in the process. Moreover, we showed that a tamping-pin system is capable of successfully filling a broad range of powders with various material characteristics and can potentially be used in a continuous production mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Faulhammer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kruisz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jakob Rehrl
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Automation and Control, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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9
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Alshafiee M, AlAlaween WH, Markl D, Soundaranathan M, Almajaan A, Walton K, Blunt L, Asare-Addo K. A predictive integrated framework based on the radial basis function for the modelling of the flow of pharmaceutical powders. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Controlled shear system and resonant acoustic mixing: Effects on lubrication and flow properties of pharmaceutical blends. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Worku ZA, Kumar D, Gomes JV, He Y, Glennon B, Ramisetty KA, Rasmuson ÅC, O’Connell P, Gallagher KH, Woods T, Shastri NR, Healy AM. Modelling and understanding powder flow properties and compactability of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients and physical mixtures from critical material properties. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:191-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Jagia M, Trivedi M, Dave RH. To Evaluate the Effect of Solvents and Different Relative Humidity Conditions on Thermal and Rheological Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose 101 Using METHOCEL™ E15LV as a Binder. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:995-1006. [PMID: 26729530 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent used for preparing the binder solution in wet granulation can affect the granulation end point and also impact the thermal, rheological, and flow properties of the granules. The present study investigates the effect of solvents and percentage relative humidity (RH) on the granules of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the binder. MCC was granulated using 2.5% w/w binder solution in water and ethanol/water mixture (80:20 v/v). Prepared granules were dried until constant percentage loss on drying, sieved, and further analyzed. Dried granules were exposed to different percentage RH for 48 h at room temperature. Powder rheometer was used for the rheological and flow characterization, while thermal effusivity and differential scanning calorimeter were used for thermal analysis. The thermal effusivity values for the wet granules showed a sharp increase beginning 50% w/w binder solution in both cases, which reflected the over-wetting of granules. Ethanol/water solvent batches showed greater resistance to flow as compared to the water solvent batches in the wet granule stage, while the reverse was true for the dried granule stage, as evident from the basic flowability energy values. Although the solvents used affected the equilibration kinetics of moisture content, the RH-exposed granules remained unaffected in their flow properties in both cases. This study indicates that the solvents play a vital role on the rheology and flow properties of MCC granules, while the different RH conditions have little or no effect on them for the above combination of solvent and binder.
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13
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Jager PD, Bramante T, Luner PE. Assessment of Pharmaceutical Powder Flowability using Shear Cell-Based Methods and Application of Jenike’s Methodology. J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Development of hot melt co-formulated antimalarial solid dispersion system in fixed dose form (ARLUMELT): Evaluating amorphous state and in vivo performance. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:137-56. [PMID: 26471056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the industrial feasibility of developing a co-formulated solid dispersion (SD) containing two antimalarial drugs artemether (ARTM) and lumefantrine (LUMF). Soluplus(®) (polyethyleneglycol-polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate grafted copolymer) was used as primary carrier matrices via hot-melt extrusion processing to improve solubility profile and the oral bioavailability of the combination. Based on the preliminary screening, the optimized quantities of PEG 400, Lutrol F127 and Lutrol F68 were incorporated as surfactant with soluplus in different ratios to improve extrudability, increase wettability and the melt viscosity of the HME process. Soluplus(®) was proved to successfully stabilize both the drugs inside its polymeric network during extrusion via forming a stable solid dispersion. Physicochemical properties of the APIs and the SDs characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), MDSC, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed the amorphous existence of the drug in all SDs developed. Molecular level morphology of solid dispersion characterized by using advanced physicochemical characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 2D NMR showed the transformation of the crystalline drugs to its stable amorphous state. All manufactured SDs retained their amorphicity even after a stability study conducted in accelerated condition over 6 months. The solubility and in vitro dissolution performance of both drugs in SD formulations was improved significantly when compared with pure drugs and marketed product while the in vivo studies revealed the same.The pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the SD (AL1) shows a 44.12-65.24 folds increase in the AUC(0-72) and 42.87-172.61 folds increase in Cmax compared to that of pure drugs and a better bioavailability than that of commercial product.
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15
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Rapid characterization of tanshinone extract powder by near infrared spectroscopy. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:704940. [PMID: 25866511 PMCID: PMC4381857 DOI: 10.1155/2015/704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical quality attributes of herbal extract powders play an important role in the research and development of Chinese medicine preparations. The active pharmaceutical ingredients have a direct impact on the herbal extract's efficacy, while the physical properties of raw material affect the pharmaceutical manufacturing process and the final products' quality. In this study, tanshinone extract powders from Salvia miltiorrhiza which are widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the clinic are taken as the research object. Both the chemical information and physical information of tanshinone extract powders are analyzed by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The partial least squares (PLS) and least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) models are investigated to build the relationship between NIR spectra and reference values. PLS models performed well for the content of crytotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, the moisture, and average median particle size, while, for specific surface area and tapped density, the LS-SVM models performed better than the PLS models. Results demonstrated NIR to be a valid and fast process analytical technology tool to simultaneously determine multiple quality attributes of herbal extract powders and indicated that there existed some nonlinear relationship between NIR spectra and physical quality attributes.
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16
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Gas-pressurized dispersive powder flow tester for low volume sample characterization. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:150-8. [PMID: 23506957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conventional powder flow testers require sample volumes larger than 40g and are met with experimental hiccups due to powder cohesion. This study designed a gas-pressurized dispersive powder flow tester where a high velocity air is used to disaggregate powder (9g) and eliminate its cohesion. The pressurized gas entrained solid particles leaving an orifice where the distance, surface area, width and weight of particle dispersion thereafter are determined as flow index. The flow indices of seven lactose grades with varying size, size distribution, shape, morphology, bulk and tapped densities characteristics were examined. They were compared against Hausner ratio and Carr's index parameters of the same powder mass. Both distance and surface area attributes of particle dispersion had significant negative correlations with Hausner ratio and Carr's index values of lactose. The distance, surface area and ease of particle dispersion varied proportionately with circular equivalent, surface weighted mean and volume weighted mean diameters of lactose, and inversely related to their specific surface area and elongation characteristics. Unlike insensitive Hausner ratio and Carr's index, an increase in elongation property of lactose particles was detectable through reduced powder weight loss from gas-pressurized dispersion as a result of susceptible particle blockage at orifice. The gas-pressurized dispersive tester is a useful alternative flowability measurement device for low volume and cohesive powder.
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17
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Horio T, Yasuda M, Matsusaka S. Measurement of flowability of lubricated powders by the vibrating tube method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1063-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.702349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Dave RH, Wu SH, Contractor LD. To determine the end point of wet granulation by measuring powder energies and thermal properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:439-46. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.609561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Comparison of different chemometric and analytical methods for the prediction of particle size distribution in pharmaceutical powders. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2137-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Sarraguça MC, Cruz AV, Soares SO, Amaral HR, Costa PC, Lopes JA. Determination of flow properties of pharmaceutical powders by near infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:484-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Abstract
The robustness of a new hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) based modified release glipizide (10 mg) formulation was studied. The tablet formulations were prepared by dry blending the ingredients and direct compression, incorporating a range of release modifying agents up to ± 20% w/w relative to an optimized formulation. The dissolution was assessed in 900 mL pH 6.8 buffer at 75 rev min−1 paddle speed. Calculated difference and similarity factors (f1 and f2) and results of analysis of variance suggest that the overall release profiles were similar. Compositional changes up to ± 20% w/w and a reduction of drug dose to half did not change the general release pattern of this low dose/pH-dependent drug in a significant way. It is concluded that the drug release from the developed matrix systems is highly dependent on the kinetics of hydration and erosion, and that the proposed compositional changes within ± 20% w/w did not alter this relationship. The particulate systems used were characterized by determining the Carr index, Hausner ratio and the rheological properties using a texture analyser. Results indicate that the release is reproducible and the system has potential for successful scale-up operation, while complying with recommended Food and Drug Administration guidelines “Scale Up and Post Approval Changes”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Jamzad
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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22
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Near-infrared Spectroscopy for the In-line Characterization of Powder Voiding Part I: Development of the Methodology. J Pharm Innov 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-009-9069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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24
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Dissolution and powder flow characterization of solid self-emulsified drug delivery system (SEDDS). Int J Pharm 2009; 366:44-52. [PMID: 18832019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Shah RB, Tawakkul MA, Khan MA. Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:250-8. [PMID: 18446489 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to carry out a systematic evaluation of flow of pharmaceutical powders and granules using compendial and non-compendial methods. Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's compressibility index, and Hausner ratios were evaluated. Additionally, flow was characterized using a powder rheometer in which a sensitive force transducer monitors the forces generated as a result of the sample displacement. The critical attributes such as cohesivity index, caking strength, and flow stability were determined for samples. The samples consisted of different grades of magnesium stearate powder including bovine, vegetable, and food grade, physical mixture powder blend consisting of a model formulation, granules prepared by various methods including slugging, high shear granulator, and fluid bed dryer. Lubricant efficiency was also determined for granules lubricated with various concentrations of magnesium stearate. It was observed that the compendial methods were often non-discriminating for minor variations in powder flow. The additional characterization such as cohesivity, and caking strength were helpful in understanding the flow characteristics of pharmaceutical systems. The flow stability test determined that the powders were not affected by the test conditions on the rheometer. The non-compendial tests were discriminating to even minor variations in powder flow.
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Yaginuma Y, Ozeki Y, Kakizawa M, Gomi SI, Watanabe Y. Effects of powder flowability on die-fill properties in rotary compression. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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