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Helal NA, Martinez MN, Longstaff DG, Rahman Z, Nutan MTH, Khan MA. Development and Validation of Matrix of Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (MoCMC) System for Intramammary Drug Products (IMM). Pharm Res 2024; 41:1007-1020. [PMID: 38561579 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Products formulated for intramammary (IMM) infusion are intended for the delivery of therapeutic moieties directly into the udder through the teat canal to maximize drug exposure at the targeted clinical site, the mammary gland, with little to no systemic drug exposure. Currently, to our knowledge, there has been no in-vitro matrix system available to differentiate between IMM formulations. Our goal is to develop A custom tailored in-vitro "Matrix of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control" (MoCMC) System to be a promising future tool for identifying inequivalent IMM formulations. MoCMC can detect inter and intra batch variabilities, thereby identifying potential generics versus brand product similarities or differences with a single numeric value and a specific & distinctive fingerprint. METHODS The FDA-approved IMM formulation, SPECTRAMASTⓇ LC, was selected as the reference product for the MoCMC. Twelve in-house test formulations containing ceftiofur hydrochloride were formulated and characterized. The MoCMC was developed to include six input parameters and three output parameters. The MoCMC system was used to evaluate and compare SPECTRAMASTⓇ LC with its in-house formulations. RESULTS Based on the MoCMC generated parameters, the distinctive fingerprints of MoCMC for each IMM formulations, and the statistical analyses of MCI and PPI values, in-house formulations, F-01 and F-02 showed consistency while the rest of in-house formulations (F-03-F-12) were significantly different as compared to SPECTRAMASTⓇ LC. CONCLUSION This research showed that the MoCMC approach can be used as a tool for intra batch variabilities, generics versus brand products comparisons, post-approval formulations changes, manufacturing changes, and formulation variabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Helal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David G Longstaff
- US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad T H Nutan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Helal NA, Martinez MN, Longstaff DG, Mohamed EM, Rahman Z, Khan MA, Nutan MTH. Development and Validation of Discriminatory In-vitro Release Method for Intramammary Drug Product. Pharm Res 2024; 41:129-139. [PMID: 37783927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intramammary (IMM) formulations are locally acting and delivered intracisternally into the udder. No pharmacopeial in-vitro release method is available to differentiate between the IMM formulations. Our research aim is to develop in-vitro release methods that discriminate different IMM formulations (SPECTRAMAST® LC and in-house formulations). METHODOLOGY Different in-house formulations were developed to simulate SPECTRAMAST® LC generics. SPECTRAMAST® LC and the in-house formulations were characterized for physicochemical attributes, such as particle size, rheology, drug content, sedimentation rate, and flocculation rate. The in-vitro release method was optimized by evaluating drug release using USP apparatuses 1, 2 (with and without enhancer/customized cells), and 4. Various test parameters, including medium effect (whole homogenized bovine milk versus aqueous buffer), medium volume (200-900 mL), and rotational speed (50-200 rpm) were investigated. RESULTS Two potential in-vitro systems can be used as discriminatory methods for IMM formulations: USP apparatus 2 with the IMM formulation loaded into two containers a) customized formulation container (83.1 cm in height and 56.4 cm in width) or b) enhancer cells with their top adapted with mesh #40 (rotation speed:125 rpm and 900 mL of whole homogenized bovine milk). The release profile of SPECTRAMAST® LC at 1 h (99.8%) was not significantly different from formulations with similar physicochemical characteristics F-01 (99.1%) and F-02 (100.5%). Formulation with different physicochemical characteristics F-03 (44.3%) and F-04 (57.2%) showed slower release (1 h) than SPECTRAMAST® LC (98.8%). CONCLUSION The developed in-vitro release methods can be used as a potential tool for in-vitro comparability evaluations for IMM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Helal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David G Longstaff
- US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad T H Nutan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- , Kingsville, TX, USA.
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Chen H, Wang R, McElderry JD. Discriminative Dissolution Method Development Through an aQbD Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:255. [PMID: 38066324 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a one-factor-at-a-time approach for dissolution method and discrimination analysis can be time-consuming and may not yield the optimal and discriminative method. To address this, we have developed a two-stage workflow for the dissolution method development followed by demonstration of discrimination power through an analytical Quality by Design (aQbD) approach. In the first stage, an optimal dissolution method was achieved by determining the method operable design region (MODR) through a design of experiment study of the high-risk method-related parameters. In the second stage, we established a Formulation-Discrimination Correlation Diagram strategy to examine the method discrimination capability, through which one can determine the method discriminative design region (MDDR) and visualize the impact of each formulation parameter and their interactions on dissolution. The application of aQbD principles into a workflow provides a scientific-driven guidance for robust method development and demonstrating discrimination power for dissolution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Analytical Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
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Ralli T, Saifi Z, Kumari A, Aeri V, Kohli K. In-silico, in-vitro and ex-vivo evidence of combining silymarin phytopharmaceutical with piperine, and fulvic acid for enhancing its solubility and permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:595-610. [PMID: 37342048 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2227966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even if with such a high mortality there is no definite treatment approved. Thus, there is a need to develop a formulation which can have multiple pharmacological activities. Herbal drugs are among the most promising compounds that act by different pharmacological actions. For increasing the bio-activity of Silymarin we had isolated five active biomarker molecules from silymarin extract (as a Phytopharmaceutical) in our previous work. It possesses lower bioavailability due to poor solubility, lesser permeability and first pass metabolism effect. Therefore, from the literature we had screened two bioavailability enhancers i.e. piperine and fulvic acid for overcoming the drawbacks associated with silymarin. Hence, in this study we had first explored the ADME-T parameters and then evaluated their in-silico activity for different enzymes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Interestingly, it was found that besides the bioavailability enhancing property, piperine and fulvic acid also shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic action, particularly more activity was demonstrated by fulvic acid than piperine. Furthermore, the concentration of the bioavailability enhancers i.e. 20% FA and 10% PIP were optimized by QbD assisted solubility studies. Moreover, the percentage release and apparent permeability coefficient of the optimized formulation was found to be 95% and 90%, respectively as compared to 6.54*106 and 1.63*106 respectively by SM suspension alone. Furthermore, it was found that plain rhodamine solution penetrated only up to 10 um whereas, formulation penetrated up to 30 um. Thus, combining these three, can not only increase the bioavailability of silymarin, but might also, increase the physiological action synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- Indian Patent agent and TIFAC-DST Woman Scientist, Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
- Director (Research and publications), Llyod Institute of Management and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Denninger A, Becker T, Westedt U, Wagner KG. Advanced In Vivo Prediction by Introducing Biphasic Dissolution Data into PBPK Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1978. [PMID: 37514164 PMCID: PMC10386266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling biorelevant in vitro dissolution with in silico physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tools represents a promising method to describe and predict the in vivo performance of drug candidates in formulation development including non-passive transport, prodrug activation, and first-pass metabolism. The objective of the present study was to assess the predictability of human pharmacokinetics by using biphasic dissolution results obtained with the previously established BiPHa+ assay and PBPK tools. For six commercial drug products, formulated by different enabling technologies, the respective organic partitioning profiles were processed with two PBPK in silico modeling tools, namely PK-Sim and GastroPlus®, similar to extended-release dissolution profiles. Thus, a mechanistic dissolution/precipitation model of the assessed drug products was not required. The developed elimination/distribution models were used to simulate the pharmacokinetics of the evaluated drug products and compared with available human data. In essence, an in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was successfully developed. Organic partitioning profiles obtained from the BiPHa+ dissolution analysis enabled highly accurate predictions of the pharmacokinetic behavior of the investigated drug products. In addition, PBPK models of (pro-)drugs with pronounced first-pass metabolism enabled adjustment of the solely passive diffusion predicting organic partitioning profiles, and increased prediction accuracy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Denninger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corden Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse, 68723 Plankstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Westedt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Osei YA, Oppong Boakye E, Bayor MT, Akuffo Owusu FW. Physicochemical Equivalence and Quality Assessment of Various Brands of Gastro-Resistant Omeprazole Capsules in the Kumasi Metropolis. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:7924600. [PMID: 36408195 PMCID: PMC9668445 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7924600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of counterfeit and poor-quality drugs is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Ghana where there are inadequate resources to effectively monitor their prevalence. Most of these drugs, which are counterfeited, are drugs, which are in high demand and will reap huge profits for the unscrupulous people who engage in such activities. The introduction of Omeprazole as one of the first-line therapies in the management of peptic and duodenal ulcers in the treatment guidelines of Ghana has resulted in many generics being introduced onto the market. The pharmaceutical quality of fifteen randomly sampled Omeprazole capsule brands in the Kumasi metropolis was assessed using the innovator brand as a comparator to confirm their suitability for patient use and to provide data for drug regulatory agencies in Ghana concerning poor quality omeprazole brands. All the sampled brands complied with the official specifications for identification with good primary and secondary packaging characteristics. Ninety-four (94%) of the sampled brands passed the uniformity of weight test. All the brands (n = 16) representing 100% passed the disintegration tests. Sixty percent (60%) of the sampled brands passed the drug content test. Ten brands (66.7%) met the specification for in vitro dissolution test. From f2 analysis, the dissolution profiles of only five brands (31%) were similar to that of the reference brand which indicated that they could be used interchangeably in clinical practice. Conclusively, ten out of the fifteen sampled brands were of good quality and only five could be used as a substitute for the innovator. Thus, regulatory agencies will need to strengthen their postmarket surveillance to ensure that generic brands of good quality are allowed onto the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaa Asantewaa Osei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Elvis Oppong Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marcel T. Bayor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick William Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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AlMuhsin A, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Quality assessment of different brands of atorvastatin tablets available in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:69. [PMID: 36100946 PMCID: PMC9469509 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypolipidemic agents have been shown to be helpful in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Most often, statins are prescribed to treat hyperlipidemia. There are a number of statins available in the market today, but atorvastatin is the most widely prescribed. It is essential that the drugs should have the appropriate amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient and meet the necessary physical properties. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of different marketed brands of atorvastatin calcium tablets available in Saudi Arabia. Methods In this study, innovator product coded as (AS-1) and five generics brands (coded as AS-2 to AS-6) of atorvastatin tablets 20 mg available in Saudi Arabia were evaluated for in vitro dissolution test, weight variations, friability and hardness tests. The analysis of drug was carried out by “high-performance liquid chromatography” (HPLC) method using C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and HPLC water (pH 2.1, adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) in ratio of 52:48 v/v, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Atorvastatin was detected at a wavelength of 254 nm. Results According to the results of the dissolution study, the investigated products released more than 90% of atorvastatin in 15 min. Within 60 min, the brands AS-1, AS-3, AS-5, and AS-6 depicted nearly 100% atorvastatin release, while the brand AS-2 displayed 91.69% drug release. According to our findings, the investigated atorvastatin innovator (AS-1) and generic brands such as AS-2 to AS-6 were of good pharmaceutical quality. Conclusions All generic brands of atorvastatin tablets available in the Saudi Arabian market met the pharmacopoeia's consistency checks such as weight variation, friability, hardness and in vitro dissolution. Hence, focusing on their in vitro release properties, it was determined that these brands could be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlMuhsin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Inspection support, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Anand O, Pepin XJH, Kolhatkar V, Seo P. The Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analyses-in Biopharmaceutics Applications -Regulatory and Industry Perspectives. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1681-1700. [PMID: 35585448 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to support the drug product quality attributes, also known as physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is an evolving field and the interest in using PBBM is increasing. The US-FDA has emphasized on the use of patient centric quality standards and clinically relevant drug product specifications over the years. Establishing an in vitro in vivo link is an important step towards achieving the goal of patient centric quality standard. Such a link can aid in constructing a bioequivalence safe space and establishing clinically relevant drug product specifications. PBBM is an important tool to construct a safe space which can be used during the drug product development and lifecycle management. There are several advantages of using the PBBM approach, though there are also a few challenges, both with in vitro methods and in vivo understanding of drug absorption and disposition, that preclude using this approach and therefore further improvements are needed. In this review we have provided an overview of experience gained so far and the current perspective from regulatory and industry point of view. Collaboration between scientists from regulatory, industry and academic fields can further help to advance this field and deliver on promises that PBBM can offer towards establishing patient centric quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Anand
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Vidula Kolhatkar
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Seo
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications (CRDSs) for Oral Drug Products: Virtual Webinar Series. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051010. [PMID: 35631595 PMCID: PMC9148161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A webinar series that was organised by the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biopharmaceutics focus group in 2021 focused on the challenges of developing clinically relevant dissolution specifications (CRDSs) for oral drug products. Industrial scientists, together with regulatory and academic scientists, came together through a series of six webinars, to discuss progress in the field, emerging trends, and areas for continued collaboration and harmonisation. Each webinar also hosted a Q&A session where participants could discuss the shared topic and information. Although it was clear from the presentations and Q&A sessions that we continue to make progress in the field of CRDSs and the utility/success of PBBM, there is also a need to continue the momentum and dialogue between the industry and regulators. Five key areas were identified which require further discussion and harmonisation.
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Heimbach T, Kesisoglou F, Novakovic J, Tistaert C, Mueller-Zsigmondy M, Kollipara S, Ahmed T, Mitra A, Suarez-Sharp S. Establishing the Bioequivalence Safe Space for Immediate-Release Oral Dosage Forms using Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM): Case Studies. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3896-3906. [PMID: 34551349 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For oral drug products, in vitro dissolution is the most used surrogate of in vivo dissolution and absorption. In the context of drug product quality, safe space is defined as the boundaries of in vitro dissolution, and relevant quality attributes, within which drug product variants are expected to be bioequivalent to each other. It would be highly desirable if the safe space could be established via a direct link between available in vitro data and in vivo pharmacokinetics. In response to the challenges with establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) with traditional modeling approaches, physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) has been gaining increased attention. In this manuscript we report five case studies on using PBBM to establish a safe space for BCS Class 2 and 4 across different companies, including applications in an industrial setting for both internal decision making or regulatory applications. The case studies provide an opportunity to reflect on practical vs. ideal datasets for safe space development, the methodologies for incorporating dissolution data in the model and the criteria used for model validation and application. PBBM and safe space, still represent an evolving field and more examples are needed to drive development of best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., RY80B-1403, 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway 07065, NJ, USA
| | - Filippos Kesisoglou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., RY80B-1403, 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway 07065, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Sivacharan Kollipara
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Integration Product Development Organization (IPDO), Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyberadad 500090, Telangana, India
| | - Tausif Ahmed
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Integration Product Development Organization (IPDO), Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyberadad 500090, Telangana, India
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research and Development, Springhouse, PA, USA
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Analakkattillam S, Langsi VK, Hanrahan JP, Moore E. Comparative Study of Dissolution for Cannabidiol in EU and US Hemp Oil Products by HPLC. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3091-3098. [PMID: 33862070 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a simple and robust HPLC method has been developed for dissolution studies for cannabidiol (CBD) in hemp oil products. An isocratic elution of samples performed on SOLAS™ C18 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm column with a mobile phase consisting of 75:25 acetonitrile-water v/v, delivered at a flow rate 1.5 mL/minutes to variable wavelength detector using 214 nm. An in-house validated assay test was executed for calculating the purity of hemp oil products and also for considering the dissolution medium to be used. For dissolution studies, equivalent of 5 mg and/or 10 mg of the active was introduced into 500 mL of simulated gastric and intestinal fluids separately, and dissolution was performed at 50 rpm using paddles for 180 min. Dissolution profiles for hemp oil products purchased from the United States and Europe were compared. Additionally, dissolution testing was conducted to study the effect of percentage CBD release on increased agitation speed of 75 and 100 rpm and also, on extended dissolution runtime of 240 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Analakkattillam
- Glantreo Limited, ERI Building, Lee Road, Cork City, Ireland; School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - V K Langsi
- Glantreo Limited, ERI Building, Lee Road, Cork City, Ireland
| | - J P Hanrahan
- Glantreo Limited, ERI Building, Lee Road, Cork City, Ireland
| | - E Moore
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Mitra A, Suarez-Sharp S, Pepin XJH, Flanagan T, Zhao Y, Kotzagiorgis E, Parrott N, Sharan S, Tistaert C, Heimbach T, Zolnik B, Sjögren E, Wu F, Anand O, Kakar S, Li M, Veerasingham S, Kijima S, Lima Santos GM, Ning B, Raines K, Rullo G, Mandula H, Delvadia P, Dressman J, Dickinson PA, Babiskin A. Applications of Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) to Support Drug Product Quality: A Workshop Summary Report. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:594-609. [PMID: 33152375 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes the proceedings for Day 3 of the workshop titled "Current State and Future Expectations of Translational Modeling Strategies toSupportDrug Product Development, Manufacturing Changes and Controls". From a drug product quality perspective, patient-centric product development necessitates the development of clinically relevant drug product specifications (CRDPS). In this regard, Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is a viable tool to establish links between in-vitro to in-vivo data, and support with establishing CRDPS. The theme of day 3 was practical applications of PBBM to support drug product quality. In this manuscript, case studies from US FDA, EMA and pharmaceutical industry on applications of PBBM in drug product quality are summarized which include 1) regulatory agency's perspectives on establishing the safe space and achieving study waivers, 2) model-informed risk assessment on the effects of acid reducing agents, bridging of dissolution methods, food effect, and formulation selection, and 3) understanding clinical formulation performance. Breakout session discussions focused on four topics - 1) terminologies related to physiologically based modeling in support of drug product quality, 2) regulatory harmonization on evidentiary standards, 3) CRDPS approaches and 4) bridging between biorelevant and quality control (QC) dissolution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Evangelos Kotzagiorgis
- Pharmaceutical Quality Office, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Satish Sharan
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Banu Zolnik
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Fang Wu
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Om Anand
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shefali Kakar
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Min Li
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shereeni Veerasingham
- Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shinichi Kijima
- Office of Advanced Evaluation with Electronic Data, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gustavo Mendes Lima Santos
- General Office of Medicines and Biological Products, Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Baoming Ning
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Kimberly Raines
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Greg Rullo
- Regulatory Excellence, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Haritha Mandula
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Poonam Delvadia
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul A Dickinson
- Seda Pharmaceutical Development Services, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
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Mohamed EM, Khuroo T, Afrooz H, Dharani S, Sediri K, Cook P, Arunagiri R, Khan MA, Rahman Z. Development of a Multivariate Predictive Dissolution Model for Tablets Coated with Cellulose Ester Blends. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100311. [PMID: 33076276 PMCID: PMC7602398 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the present investigation was to develop a predictive dissolution model for tablets coated with blends of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 171-15 and cellulose acetate phthalate (C-A-P) using the design of experiment and chemometric approaches. Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug. Coating weight gain (X1, 5, 7.5 and 10%) and CAB 171-15 percentage (X2, 33.3, 50 and 66.7%) in the coating composition relative to C-A-P and were selected as independent variables by full factorial experimental design. The responses monitored were dissolution at 1 (Y1), 8 (Y2), and 24 (Y3) h. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of X1 on Y1 and X2 on Y1, Y2, and Y3 were observed. The models showed a good correlation between actual and predicted values as indicated by the correlation coefficients of 0.964, 0.914, and 0.932 for Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively. For the chemometric model development, the near infrared spectra of the coated tablets were collected, and partial least square regression (PLSR) was performed. PLSR also showed a good correlation between actual and model predicted values as indicated by correlation coefficients of 0.916, 0.964, and 0.974 for Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively. Y1, Y2, and Y3 predicted values of the independent sample by both approaches were close to the actual values. In conclusion, it is possible to predict the dissolution of tablets coated with blends of cellulose esters by both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. Mohamed
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hamideh Afrooz
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Khaldia Sediri
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, ACTR Univ. Ain Temouchent DGRCT, BP 248, 46000 Ain Temouchent, Algeria
| | - Phillip Cook
- Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN 37662, USA; (P.C.); (R.A.)
| | | | - Mansoor A. Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (E.M.M.); (T.K.); (H.A.); (S.D.); (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-436-0873
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14
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Zarmpi P, Flanagan T, Meehan E, Mann J, Østergaard J, Fotaki N. Biopharmaceutical implications of excipient variability on drug dissolution from immediate release products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:195-209. [PMID: 32681966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the impact of excipient variability on oral product performance in a biopharmaceutical perspective would be beneficial and allow excipient implementation on Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. The current study investigated the impact of varying viscosity of binders (hypromellose (HPMC)) and superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) and particle size distribution of lubricants (magnesium stearate (MgSt)) on the in vitro dissolution of a highly and a poorly soluble drug from immediate release formulations. Compendial (pharmacopoeia buffers) and biorelevant (media simulating the gastrointestinal fluids) media and the USP 2 and USP 4 apparatuses were used to assess the exerted excipient effects on drug dissolution. Real-time dissolution UV imaging provided mechanistic insights into disintegration and dissolution of the immediate release formulations. Varying the viscosity type of HPMC or SSG did not significantly affect drug dissolution irrespective of the compound used. Faster drug dissolution was observed when decreasing the particle size of MgSt for the highly soluble drug. The use of real-time dissolution UV Imaging revealed the influential role of excipient variability on tablet disintegration, as for the highly soluble drug, tablets containing high viscosity HPMC or low particle size MgSt disintegrated faster as compared to the control tablets while for the poorly soluble drug, slower tablet disintegration was observed when increasing the viscosity of the HPMC as compared to the control tablets. Changes in drug dissolution when varying excipients may be anticipated if the excipient change has previously affected drug solubility. The use of multivariate data analysis revealed the influential biopharmaceutical factors such as critical excipient types/properties, drug aqueous solubility, medium/hydrodynamic characteristics affecting the impact of excipient variability on in vitro drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - T Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom; Currently at UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B - 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - J Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - J Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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15
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Bermejo M, Meulman J, Davanço MG, Carvalho PDO, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Campos DR. In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) for Carbamazepine Formulations: Additional Evidence Regarding a Biopredictive Dissolution Medium. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060558. [PMID: 32560369 PMCID: PMC7355855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to bring additional evidence regarding a biopredictive dissolution medium containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to predict the in vivo behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) products. Twelve healthy volunteers took one immediate release (IR) dose of either test and reference formulations in a bioequivalence study (BE). Dissolution profiles were carried-out using the medium. Level A in vitro–in vivo correlations (IVIVC) were established using both one-step and two-step approaches as well as exploring the time-scaling approach to account for the differences in dissolution rate in vitro versus in vivo. A detailed step by step calculation was provided to clearly illustrate all the procedures. The results show additional evidence that the medium containing 1% SLS can be classified as a universal biopredictive dissolution tool, and that both of the approaches used to develop the IVIVC (one and two-steps) provide good in vivo predictability. Therefore, this biopredictive medium could be a highly relevant tool in Latin-American countries to ensure and check the quality of their CBZ marketed products for which BE studies were not requested by their regulatory health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Facultad de Farmacia, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Jessica Meulman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-871 São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Gomes Davanço
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Facultad de Farmacia, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Rossi Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (P.d.O.C.); (D.R.C.)
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16
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Establishment of a clinically relevant specification for dissolution testing using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approaches. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Izutsu KI, Abe Y, Yoshida H. Approaches to supply bioequivalent oral solid pharmaceutical formulations through the lifecycles of products: Four-media dissolution monitoring program in Japan. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Paixão P, Kawakami K, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Silva N, Moribe K, Morais J, Amidon G, Yamashita S. Report from the “3rd International Symposium on BA/BE of Oral Drug Products: Biopharmaceutics meets Galenics”. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Loisios-Konstantinidis I, Cristofoletti R, Fotaki N, Turner DB, Dressman J. Establishing virtual bioequivalence and clinically relevant specifications using in vitro biorelevant dissolution testing and physiologically-based population pharmacokinetic modeling. case example: Naproxen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 143:105170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications for Oral Drug Products-Industrial and Regulatory Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010019. [PMID: 31878006 PMCID: PMC7022466 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A meeting that was organized by the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biopharmaceutics and Regulatory Sciences focus groups focused on the challenges of Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications (CRDS) for Oral Drug Products. Industrial Scientists that were involved in product development shared their experiences with in vitro dissolution and in silico modeling approaches to establish clinically relevant dissolution specifications. The regulators shared their perspectives on the acceptability of these different strategies for the development of acceptable specifications. The meeting also reviewed several collaborative initiatives that were relevant to regulatory biopharmaceutics. Following the scientific presentations, a roundtable session provided an opportunity for delegates to discuss the information that was shared during the presentations, debate key questions, and propose strategies to make progress in this critical area of regulatory biopharmaceutics. It was evident from the presentations and subsequent discussions that progress continues to be made with approaches to establish robust CRDS. Further dialogue between industry and regulatory agencies greatly assisted future developments and key areas for focused discussions on CRDS were identified.
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Pepin XJ, Moir AJ, Mann JC, Sanderson NJ, Barker R, Meehan E, Plumb AP, Bailey GR, Murphy DS, Krejsa CM, Andrew MA, Ingallinera TG, Slatter JG. Bridging in vitro dissolution and in vivo exposure for acalabrutinib. Part II. A mechanistic PBPK model for IR formulation comparison, proton pump inhibitor drug interactions, and administration with acidic juices. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:435-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Shrivas M, Khunt D, Shrivas M, Choudhari M, Rathod R, Misra M. Advances in In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Testing of Solid Oral Formulations: How Closer to In Vivo Performance? J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Ren W, Murawsky M, La Count T, Wanasathop A, Hao X, Kelm GR, Kozak D, Qin B, Li SK. Dissolution Chamber for Small Drug Delivery System in the Periodontal Pocket. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:51. [PMID: 30972562 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Existing dissolution chambers have relatively large volume compared to the size of the periodontal pocket. A small volume dissolution method that simulates the physiological release environment for periodontal drug delivery is needed. The objectives were to construct a small, more physiologically relevant, dissolution chamber and investigate the properties of the new dissolution chamber for the assessment of sustained drug release systems in periodontal delivery. Flow-through dissolution chambers were constructed using three-dimensional (3D) printing. Drug release experiments were performed using the dissolution chamber and a commercially available long-acting periodontal insert product, PerioChip®. Similar experiments were performed under more traditional larger volume bulk solution conditions for comparison. Computer simulations and experimental results showed that drug clearance from the dissolution chamber was fast compared to drug release from the periodontal product. Drug clearance from the flow-through dissolution chamber and drug release from the sustained release product in the chamber were related to the dissolution medium flow rate and chamber volume. Drug release in the flow-through chamber was slower than that observed in bulk solution, but approached it when the medium flow rate increased. The presence of trypsin in the dissolution medium enhanced drug release from the product. A flow-through dissolution system was constructed that could evaluate drug release from a sustained release product in a small dimension environment by modifying the flow rate and composition of the dissolution medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Michael Murawsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Terri La Count
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Apipa Wanasathop
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Xin Hao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Gary R Kelm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267-0514, USA.
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Loisios-Konstantinidis I, Paraiso RLM, Fotaki N, McAllister M, Cristofoletti R, Dressman J. Application of the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in drug development and therapeutic equivalence: a PEARRL review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:699-723. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this review was to provide an overview of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, focusing on drug-specific PK/PD models and highlighting their value added in drug development and regulatory decision-making.
Key findings
Many PK/PD models, with varying degrees of complexity and physiological understanding have been developed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug products. In special populations (e.g. paediatrics), in cases where there is genetic polymorphism and in other instances where therapeutic outcomes are not well described solely by PK metrics, the implementation of PK/PD models is crucial to assure the desired clinical outcome. Since dissociation between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles is often observed, it is proposed that physiologically based pharmacokinetic and PK/PD models be given more weight by regulatory authorities when assessing the therapeutic equivalence of drug products.
Summary
Modelling and simulation approaches already play an important role in drug development. While slowly moving away from ‘one-size fits all’ PK methodologies to assess therapeutic outcomes, further work is required to increase confidence in PK/PD models in translatability and prediction of various clinical scenarios to encourage more widespread implementation in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael L M Paraiso
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Division of Therapeutic Equivalence, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Gray VA. Power of the Dissolution Test in Distinguishing a Change in Dosage Form Critical Quality Attributes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3328-3332. [PMID: 30350251 PMCID: PMC6848239 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For a dissolution method to be considered relevant to in vivo performance, the dissolution data profiles should show discrimination or meaningful change when there is a change in critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical product properties (CPPs). The dissolution test has been shown repeatedly to have the power to distinguish between significant changes in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), formulation, and process that relate to the release mechanism of the in vivo performance. Examples will be discussed in the literature where the effects of formulation, drug substance, and manufacturing variables have been measured by dissolution testing. There will be a suggested plan on how to develop and challenge a discriminating method that may be utilized for regulatory purposes. A brief review of other challenges and considerations regarding discriminatory dissolution testing is presented.
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26
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Murawsky M, Kelm GR, Kozak D, Qin B, Zou Y, Li SK. Influencing factors on gelatin matrix for chlorhexidine delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:314-322. [PMID: 30372644 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1539744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the influencing factors in the fabrication of gelatin matrix (gelatin chips) for drug delivery. The attributes affecting drug release characteristics of the gelatin products were examined. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the attributes that affect drug release from gelatin matrix could provide the knowledge base for the development, manufacturing, and performance evaluation of gelatin-based drug products for sustained drug delivery. METHODS Chlorhexidine (CHX) was the model drug in the gelatin-product testing. The gelatin products were fabricated by two methods: a single-pot mixing of all the components and a two-step gelatin crosslinking followed by drug loading. Different gelatin types (Type A porcine and Type B bovine), glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking conditions, glycerin concentration, and CHX concentration in drug loading and loading time were used to fabricate the products. The cumulative amounts of CHX release from the gelatin products were determined using in vitro release testing (IVRT). RESULTS The attributes affecting CHX release from the gelatin products were gelatin type, GTA crosslinking, and CHX loading concentration. The fabrication methods (two-step method of gelatin crosslinking and drug loading by equilibration vs. direct mixing of the components) also affected CHX release. Other attributes such as glycerin and CHX loading time did not show significant effects on drug release under the conditions studied. In addition, the results in the two IVRT methods employed in this study were comparable. CONCLUSION Gelatin products of qualitative (Q1) and quantitative (Q2) differences could lead to different drug release behaviors. Drug release was also affected by the ingredient mixing steps during gelatin chip fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murawsky
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Gary R Kelm
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- b Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Bin Qin
- b Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Yuan Zou
- b Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - S Kevin Li
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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27
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Shen Y, Li X, Le Y. Amorphous Nanoparticulate Formulation of Sirolimus and Its Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030155. [PMID: 30208637 PMCID: PMC6161202 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystallization and amorphization have proven to be two effective strategies to improve the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. The purpose of our work was to develop a nano-formulated tablet of sirolimus (SRL) for enhanced dissolution. Amorphous SRL nanocomposites were prepared using anti-solvent precipitation via a high-gravity rotating packed bed. Various factors that affect particle size and size distribution, such as excipients, rotating speed, antisolvent/solvent flow rate, were investigated. Structure, stability and in vitro dissolution of the as-prepared SRL were evaluated. Furthermore, the nanoparticulated SRL tablet formula was screened to control drug release. Importantly, SRL tablets exhibit different dissolution profile by adjusting HPMC (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) content, which makes them more suitable for various formulation developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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28
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Suarez-Sharp S, Cohen M, Kesisoglou F, Abend A, Marroum P, Delvadia P, Kotzagiorgis E, Li M, Nordmark A, Bandi N, Sjögren E, Babiskin A, Heimbach T, Kijima S, Mandula H, Raines K, Seo P, Zhang X. Applications of Clinically Relevant Dissolution Testing: Workshop Summary Report. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:93. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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A Refined Developability Classification System. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2020-2032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Development of a Clinically Relevant Dissolution Method for Metaxalone Immediate Release Formulations Based on an IVIVC Model. Pharm Res 2018; 35:163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Rivelli GG, Ricoy LBM, César IC, Fernandes C, Pianetti GA. Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation: Application to establish a dissolution test for artemether and lumefantrine tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Grady H, Elder D, Webster GK, Mao Y, Lin Y, Flanagan T, Mann J, Blanchard A, Cohen MJ, Lin J, Kesisoglou F, Hermans A, Abend A, Zhang L, Curran D. Industry's View on Using Quality Control, Biorelevant, and Clinically Relevant Dissolution Tests for Pharmaceutical Development, Registration, and Commercialization. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:34-41. [PMID: 29074376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article intends to summarize the current views of the IQ Consortium Dissolution Working Group, which comprises various industry companies, on the roles of dissolution testing throughout pharmaceutical product development, registration, commercialization, and beyond. Over the past 3 decades, dissolution testing has evolved from a routine and straightforward test as a component of end-product release into a comprehensive set of tools that the developer can deploy at various stages of the product life cycle. The definitions of commonly used dissolution approaches, how they relate to one another and how they may be applied in modern drug development, and life cycle management is described in this article. Specifically, this article discusses the purpose, advantages, and limitations of quality control, biorelevant, and clinically relevant dissolution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Grady
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Development Center Americas Inc., One Takeda Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015.
| | - David Elder
- David P Elder Consultancy, Hertford, Hertfordshire SG14 2DE, UK
| | - Gregory K Webster
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Yun Mao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Yiqing Lin
- Analytical Development, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - James Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andy Blanchard
- Worldwide Research and Development, Global Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Michael J Cohen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Global Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Judy Lin
- Biologics Technical Development and Manufacturing, Novartis, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
| | - Filippos Kesisoglou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Andre Hermans
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Andreas Abend
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Limin Zhang
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - David Curran
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406
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33
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Hate SS, Reutzel-Edens SM, Taylor LS. Absorptive Dissolution Testing of Supersaturating Systems: Impact of Absorptive Sink Conditions on Solution Phase Behavior and Mass Transport. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4052-4063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi S. Hate
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Susan M. Reutzel-Edens
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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34
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Hermans A, Abend AM, Kesisoglou F, Flanagan T, Cohen MJ, Diaz DA, Mao Y, Zhang L, Webster GK, Lin Y, Hahn DA, Coutant CA, Grady H. Approaches for Establishing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1537-1549. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Deng J, Staufenbiel S, Hao S, Wang B, Dashevskiy A, Bodmeier R. Development of a discriminative biphasic in vitro dissolution test and correlation with in vivo pharmacokinetic studies for differently formulated racecadotril granules. J Control Release 2017; 255:202-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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A survey on IVIVC/IVIVR development in the pharmaceutical industry – Past experience and current perspectives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Sun D, Hu M, Browning M, Friedman RL, Jiang W, Zhao L, Wen H. Dissolution Failure of Solid Oral Drug Products in Field Alert Reports. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1302-1309. [PMID: 28104414 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
From 2005 to 2014, 370 data entries of dissolution failures of solid oral drug products were assessed with respect to the solubility of drug substances, dosage forms [immediate release (IR) vs. modified release (MR)], and manufacturers (brand name vs. generic). The study results show that the solubility of drug substances does not play a significant role in dissolution failures; however, MR drug products fail dissolution tests more frequently than IR drug products. When multiple variables were analyzed simultaneously, poorly water-soluble IR drug products failed the most dissolution tests, followed by poorly soluble MR drug products and very soluble MR drug products. Interestingly, the generic drug products fail dissolution tests at an earlier time point during a stability study than the brand name drug products. Whether the dissolution failure of these solid oral drug products has any in vivo implication will require further pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, clinical, and drug safety evaluation. Food and Drug Administration is currently conducting risk-based assessment using in-house dissolution testing, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, and post-market surveillance tools. At the meantime, this interim report will outline a general scheme of monitoring dissolution failures of solid oral dosage forms as a pharmaceutical quality indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Meng Hu
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Mark Browning
- Office of Surveillance, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Rick L Friedman
- Office of Manufacturing Quality, Office of Compliance, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Liang Zhao
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Hong Wen
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993.
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38
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Mercuri A, Pagliari M, Baxevanis F, Fares R, Fotaki N. Understanding and predicting the impact of critical dissolution variables for nifedipine immediate release capsules by multivariate data analysis. Int J Pharm 2016; 518:41-49. [PMID: 28011342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study the selection of in vivo predictive in vitro dissolution experimental set-ups using a multivariate analysis approach, in line with the Quality by Design (QbD) principles, is explored. The dissolution variables selected using a design of experiments (DoE) were the dissolution apparatus [USP1 apparatus (basket) and USP2 apparatus (paddle)], the rotational speed of the basket/or paddle, the operator conditions (dissolution apparatus brand and operator), the volume, the pH, and the ethanol content of the dissolution medium. The dissolution profiles of two nifedipine capsules (poorly soluble compound), under conditions mimicking the intake of the capsules with i. water, ii. orange juice and iii. an alcoholic drink (orange juice and ethanol) were analysed using multiple linear regression (MLR). Optimised dissolution set-ups, generated based on the mathematical model obtained via MLR, were used to build predicted in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC). IVIVC could be achieved using physiologically relevant in vitro conditions mimicking the intake of the capsules with an alcoholic drink (orange juice and ethanol). The multivariate analysis revealed that the concentration of ethanol used in the in vitro dissolution experiments (47% v/v) can be lowered to less than 20% v/v, reflecting recently found physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mercuri
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - M Pagliari
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - F Baxevanis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - R Fares
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - N Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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39
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Cristofoletti R, Dressman JB. Bridging the Gap Between In Vitro Dissolution and the Time Course of Ibuprofen-Mediating Pain Relief. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3658-3667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Villiger A, Stillhart C, Parrott N, Kuentz M. Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modelling to Gain Insights into the Effect of Physiological Factors on Oral Absorption in Paediatric Populations. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:933-47. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Suarez-Sharp S, Delvadia PR, Dorantes A, Duan J, Externbrink A, Gao Z, Ghosh T, Miksinski SP, Seo P. Regulatory Perspectives on Strength-Dependent Dissolution Profiles and Biowaiver Approaches for Immediate Release (IR) Oral Tablets in New Drug Applications. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:578-88. [PMID: 26928450 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution profile comparisons are used by the pharmaceutical industry to assess the similarity in the dissolution characteristics of two formulations to decide whether the implemented changes, usually minor/moderate in nature, will have an impact on the in vitro/in vivo performance of the drug product. When similarity testing is applied to support the approval of lower strengths of the same formulation, the traditional approach for dissolution profile comparison is not always applicable for drug products exhibiting strength-dependent dissolution and may lead to incorrect conclusions about product performance. The objective of this article is to describe reasonable biopharmaceutic approaches for developing a biowaiver strategy for low solubility, proportionally similar/non-proportionally similar in composition immediate release drug products that exhibit strength-dependent dissolution profiles. The paths highlighted in the article include (1) approaches to address biowaiver requests, such as the use of multi-unit dissolution testing to account for sink condition differences between the higher and lower strengths; (2) the use of a single- vs. strength-dependent dissolution method; and (3) the use of single- vs. strength-dependent dissolution acceptance criteria. These approaches are cost- and time-effective and can avoid unnecessary bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Suarez-Sharp
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Poonam R Delvadia
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelica Dorantes
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - John Duan
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Externbrink
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zongming Gao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tapash Ghosh
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Pope Miksinski
- Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Seo
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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42
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Parr A, Badman G, Bowen CL, Coffin M, Gupta M, Jones L, Kurtinecz M, Naderer O, Travis E, Zhu J, Patel P. Application of a Stable Isotope Approach to Evaluate Impact of Changes in Manufacturing Parameters for an Immediate-Release Tablet. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:801-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Parr
- BioCeutics LLC; Emerald Isle; NC USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Zhu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Inc; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Parul Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Inc; Research Triangle Park NC USA
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43
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Petruševska M, Horvat M, Peternel L, Kristan K. High-throughput automated dissolution method applicable for a wide dose range of controlled release pellets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:1149-57. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1117485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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44
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Kesisoglou F, Hermans A, Neu C, Yee KL, Palcza J, Miller J. Development of In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Immediate-Release Suvorexant Tablets and Application to Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications and In-Process Controls. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2913-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Kesisoglou F, Mitra A. Application of Absorption Modeling in Rational Design of Drug Product Under Quality-by-Design Paradigm. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1224-36. [PMID: 26002509 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based absorption models can be an important tool in understanding product performance and hence implementation of Quality by Design (QbD) in drug product development. In this report, we show several case studies to demonstrate the potential application of absorption modeling in rational design of drug product under the QbD paradigm. The examples include application of absorption modeling—(1) prior to first-in-human studies to guide development of a formulation with minimal sensitivity to higher gastric pH and hence reduced interaction when co-administered with PPIs and/or H2RAs, (2) design of a controlled release formulation with optimal release rate to meet trough plasma concentrations and enable QD dosing, (3) understanding the impact of API particle size distribution on tablet bioavailability and guide formulation design in late-stage development, (4) assess impact of API phase change on product performance to guide specification setting, and (5) investigate the effect of dissolution rate changes on formulation bioperformance and enable appropriate specification setting. These case studies are meant to highlight the utility of physiologically based absorption modeling in gaining a thorough understanding of the product performance and the critical factors impacting performance to drive design of a robust drug product that would deliver the optimal benefit to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Kesisoglou
- Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co. Inc., WP75B-210, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486-0004, USA,
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46
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Kulinowski P, Woyna-Orlewicz K, Rappen GM, Haznar-Garbacz D, Węglarz WP, Dorożyński PP. An understanding of modified release matrix tablets behavior during drug dissolution as the key for prediction of pharmaceutical product performance – case study of multimodal characterization of quetiapine fumarate tablets. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Almukainzi M, Okumu A, Wei H, Löbenberg R. Simulation of in vitro dissolution behavior using DDDPlus™. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:217-21. [PMID: 25409918 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution testing is a performance test for many dosage forms including tablets and capsules. The objective of this study was to evaluate if computer simulations can predict the in vitro dissolution of two model drugs for which different dissolution data were available. Published montelukast sodium and glyburide dissolution data was used for the simulations. Different pharmacopeial and biorelevant buffers, volumes, and rotations speeds were evaluated. Additionally, a pH change protocol was evaluated using these buffers. DDDPlus™ 3, Beta version (Simulation Plus, Inc.), was used to simulate the in vitro dissolution data. The simulated data were compared with the in vitro data. A regression coefficient between predicted and observed data was used to assess the simulations. The statistical analysis of Montelukast sodium showed that there was a significant correlation between the in vitro release data and the predicted data for all cases except for one buffer. For glyburide, there was also a significant correlation between the experimental data and the predicted data using single pH conditions. Using the dynamic pH protocol, a correlation was significant for one biorelevant media. The simulations showed that both in vitro drug releases were sensitive to solubility effects which confirmed their BCS class II category. Computer simulations of the in vitro release using DDDPlus™ have the potential to estimate the in vivo dissolution at an early stage in the drug development process. This might be used to choose the most appropriate dissolution condition to establish IVIVC and to develop biorelevant in vitro performance tests to capture critical product attributes for quality control procedures in quality by design environments.
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48
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Suleman S, Zeleke G, Deti H, Mekonnen Z, Duchateau L, Levecke B, Vercruysse J, D'Hondt M, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Quality of medicines commonly used in the treatment of soil transmitted helminths and giardia in ethiopia: a nationwide survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3345. [PMID: 25473966 PMCID: PMC4256469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of poor quality medicines in the market is a global threat on public health, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we assessed the quality of two commonly used anthelminthic drugs [mebendazole (MEB) and albendazole (ALB)] and one antiprotozoal drug [tinidazole (TNZ)] in Ethiopia. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A multilevel stratified random sampling, with as strata the different levels of supply chain system in Ethiopia, geographic areas and government/privately owned medicines outlets, was used to collect the drug samples using mystery shoppers. The three drugs (106 samples) were collected from 38 drug outlets (government/privately owned) in 7 major cities in Ethiopia between January and March 2012. All samples underwent visual and physical inspection for labeling and packaging before physico-chemical quality testing and evaluated based on individual monographs in Pharmacopoeias for identification, assay/content, dosage uniformity, dissolution, disintegration and friability. In addition, quality risk was analyzed using failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) and a risk priority number (RPN) was assigned to each quality attribute. A clinically rationalized desirability function was applied in quantification of the overall quality of each medicine. Overall, 45.3% (48/106) of the tested samples were substandard, i.e. not meeting the pharmacopoeial quality specifications claimed by their manufacturers. Assay was the quality attribute most often out-of-specification, with 29.2% (31/106) failure of the total samples. The highest failure was observed for MEB (19/42, 45.2%), followed by TNZ (10/39, 25.6%) and ALB (2/25, 8.0%). The risk analysis showed that assay (RPN = 512) is the most critical quality attribute, followed by dissolution (RPN = 336). Based on Derringer's desirability function, samples were classified into excellent (14/106,13%), good (24/106, 23%), acceptable (38/106, 36%%), low (29/106, 27%) and bad (1/106,1%) quality. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study evidenced that there is a relatively high prevalence of poor quality MEB, ALB and TNZ in Ethiopia: up to 45% if pharmacopoeial acceptance criteria are used in the traditional, dichotomous approach, and 28% if the new risk-based desirability approach was applied. The study identified assay as the most critical quality attributes. The country of origin was the most significant factor determining poor quality status of the investigated medicines in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Suleman
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Geometry of modified release formulations during dissolution—Influence on performance of dosage forms with diclofenac sodium. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Selen A, Dickinson PA, Müllertz A, Crison JR, Mistry HB, Cruañes MT, Martinez MN, Lennernäs H, Wigal TL, Swinney DC, Polli JE, Serajuddin AT, Cook JA, Dressman JB. The Biopharmaceutics Risk Assessment Roadmap for Optimizing Clinical Drug Product Performance. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3377-3397. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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