1
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Patil J, Bhattacharya S, Saoji SD, Dande P. Cabozantinib-phospholipid complex for enhanced solubility, bioavailability, and reduced toxicity in liver cancer. Ther Deliv 2025; 16:25-41. [PMID: 39611708 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2435240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To enhance the therapeutic potential of Cabozantinib (CBZ), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with limited water solubility, low bioavailability, and high toxicity, by developing a Cabozantinib-Phospholipid Complex (CBZ-PLS). MATERIALS & METHODS CBZ-PLS was formulated using solvent evaporation with a Box-Behnken design and characterized using various techniques to confirm molecular interactions. Solubility, in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity were evaluated. Cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cell lines were also assessed. RESULTS CBZ-PLS exhibited a 126-fold increase in solubility and enhanced CBZ release in vitro. Pharmacokinetic studies on Wistar rats demonstrated a 1.58-fold increase in bioavailability, while acute toxicity studies confirmed biocompatibility. CBZ-PLS showed superior cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, migration inhibition, increased ROS generation, and greater DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. The complex also maintained stability over 6 months. CONCLUSIONS CBZ-PLS significantly improves the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of CBZ against liver cancer, presenting a promising approach for more effective liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
| | - Suprit D Saoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, University Campus, Nagpur, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, India
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2
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Krzyżostan M, Wawrzyńczak A, Nowak I. Controlled Release of Madecassoside and Asiaticoside of Centella asiatica L. Origin from Sustainable Cold-Processed Topical Formulations. Molecules 2024; 29:5583. [PMID: 39683743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29235583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica L. extract is a promising natural agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. It significantly reduces inflammation due to its immunomodulatory properties, mainly attributed to the presence of pentacyclic triterpenes, namely madecassoside and asiaticoside. Their incorporation into sustainable cold-processed topical formulations, such as emollient-rich emulsions and cosmetic gel containing natural hydrophilic polymers, should inhibit inflammation in atopic skin. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the controlled release of madecassoside and asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica L., loaded into topical formulations, namely emollient-rich O/W and W/O emulsions and cosmetic gel, which could support the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The carriers of active substances have been prepared with sustainable emulsifiers, active substances, and emollients obtained by green technologies from food industry wastes. Low-energy methods during the carrier emulsification process were applied to reduce carbon footprints and preserve the valuable properties of the raw materials used. The influence of the Centella asiatica L. extract on the physicochemical properties of the formulations was studied, showing a satisfactory degree of stability of the formulations obtained. Moreover, factors that may influence the mechanism and kinetics of the release of madecassoside and asiaticoside, such as the concentration of the active substance, the pH of the dissolution medium, and the type of the carrier, have been tested and widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Krzyżostan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Dr Koziej Instytut Badań Kosmetyków, Czerniakowska 58, 00-717 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wawrzyńczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Thepphankulngarm N, Manmuan S, Hirun N, Kraisit P. Nanotechnology-Driven Delivery of Caffeine Using Ultradeformable Liposomes-Coated Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Follicular Delivery and Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12170. [PMID: 39596238 PMCID: PMC11595114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is caused by the impact of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on hair follicles, leading to progressive hair loss in men and women. In this study, we developed caffeine-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with ultradeformable liposomes (ULp-Caf@HMSNs) to enhance caffeine delivery to hair follicles. Caffeine, known to inhibit DHT formation, faces challenges in skin penetration due to its hydrophilic nature. We investigated caffeine encapsulated in liposomes, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), and ultradeformable liposome-coated HMSNs to optimize drug delivery and release. For ultradeformable liposomes (ULs), the amount of polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 was varied. TEM images confirmed the mesoporous shell and hollow core structure of HMSNs, with a shell thickness of 25-35 nm and a hollow space of 80-100 nm. SEM and TEM analysis showed particle sizes ranging from 140-160 nm. Thermal stability tests showed that HMSNs coated with ULs exhibited a Td10 value of 325 °C and 70% residue ash, indicating good thermal stability. Caffeine release experiments indicated that the highest release occurred in caffeine-loaded HMSNs without a liposome coating. In contrast, systems incorporating ULp-Caf@HMSNs exhibited slower release rates, attributable to the dual encapsulation mechanism. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that ULs-coated particles penetrated deeper into the skin than non-liposome particles. MTT assays confirmed the non-cytotoxicity of all HMSN concentrations to human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). ULp-Caf@HMSNs promoted better cell viability than pure caffeine or caffeine-loaded HMSNs, highlighting enhanced biocompatibility without increased toxicity. Additionally, ULp-Caf@HMSNs effectively reduced ROS levels in DHT-damaged HFDPCs, suggesting they are promising alternatives to minoxidil for promoting hair follicle growth and reducing hair loss without increasing oxidative stress. This system shows promise for treating AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattanida Thepphankulngarm
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Smart Materials and Innovative Technology for Pharmaceutical Applications (SMIT-Pharm), Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (N.T.); (N.H.)
| | - Suwisit Manmuan
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Namon Hirun
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Smart Materials and Innovative Technology for Pharmaceutical Applications (SMIT-Pharm), Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (N.T.); (N.H.)
| | - Pakorn Kraisit
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Smart Materials and Innovative Technology for Pharmaceutical Applications (SMIT-Pharm), Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (N.T.); (N.H.)
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4
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Kaur M, Singh G, Shivgotra R, Singh M, Thakur S, Jain SK. Prolonged Skin Retention of Luliconazole from SLNs Based Topical Gel Formulation Contributing to Ameliorated Antifungal Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:229. [PMID: 39354184 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of effective therapy is necessary because the patients have to contend with long-term therapy as skin fungal infections usually relapse and are hardly treated. Despite being a potent antifungal agent, luliconazole (LCZ) has certain shortcomings such as limited skin penetration, low solubility in aqueous medium, and poor skin retention. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed using biodegradable lipids by solvent injection method and were embodied into the gel base for topical administration. After in-vitro characterizations of the formulations, molecular interactions of the drug with excipients were analyzed using in-silico studies. Ex-vivo release was determined in contrast to the pure LCZ and the commercial formulation followed by in-vivo skin localization, skin irritation index, and antifungal activity. The prepared SLNs have an average particle size of 290.7 nm with no aggregation of particles and homogenous gels containing SLNs with ideal rheology and smooth texture properties were successfully prepared. The ex-vivo LCZ release from the SLN gel was lower than the commercial formulation whereas its skin deposition and skin retention were higher as accessed by CLSM studies. The drug reaching the systemic circulation and the skin irritation potential were found to be negligible. The solubility and drug retention in the skin were both enhanced by the development of SLNs as a carrier. Thus, SLNs offer significant advantages by delivering long lasting concentrations of LCZ at the site of infection for a complete cure of the fungal load together with skin localization of the topical antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurbir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 160014, India
| | - Riya Shivgotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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5
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Sharma VM, Valsaraj TV, Venkataramana Sudeep H, Raj A, Kodimule S, Jacob J. Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies of liposomal berberine using novel natural Fiber Interlaced Liposomal technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114431. [PMID: 39094668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), used in various traditional medicinal practices, has a variety of pharmacological effects. It is a plant-derived quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid with a low water solubility and can be used in the treatment of various conditions. However, the therapeutic use of BBR has been compromised because of its hydrophobic characteristics, in addition to its low stability and poor bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks of BBR's oral bioavailability, technologies like liposomal delivery systems have been developed to ensure enhanced absorption. But conventional liposomes have low physical and chemical stability due to delicate liposomal membranes, peroxidation and rapid clearance from the bloodstream. Surface modification of liposomes could be a solution and creating a liposome with plant-based fibers as surface material will provide enhanced stability, aqueous solubility and protection against degradation. Consequently, the aim of this study is to create and describe a Fiber Interlaced Liposome™ (FIL) as a vehicle for an enhanced bioavailability platform for BBR and other biomolecules. This optimised FIL-BBR formulation was analysed for its structural and surface morphological characteristics by using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, zeta potential and DSC. Encapsulation efficiency, stability, and sustained release studies using an in vitro digestion model with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were also examined. FIL formulation showed a sustained release of BBR at 59.03 % as compared to the unformulated control (46.73 %) after 8 h of dialysis. Furthermore, the FIL-BBR demonstrated enhanced stability in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) in addition to a more sustained release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The efficacy of FIL-BBR were further anlaysed by an in vivo bioavailability study using male Wistar rats and it demonstrated a 3.37-fold higher relative oral bioavailability compared to the unformulated BBR. The AUC 0-t for BBR in FIL-BBR was 1.38 ng.h/mL, significantly greater than the unformulated BBR (0.41 ng.h/mL). Similarly, the Cmax for BBR in FIL-BBR (50.98 ng/mL) was discovered to be far greater than unformulated BBR (15.54 ng/mL) after the oral administration. These findings imply that fruit fiber based liposomal encapsulation improves the stability and slows down BBR release, which could be advantageous for applications requiring a higher bioavailability and a more sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedashree M Sharma
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560105, India
| | - T V Valsaraj
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560105, India
| | | | - Amritha Raj
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560105, India
| | | | - Joby Jacob
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560105, India.
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6
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Usapkar P, Saoji S, Jagtap P, Ayyanar M, Kalaskar M, Gurav N, Nadaf S, Prasad S, Laloo D, Khan MS, Chikhale R, Gurav S. QbD-guided phospholipid-tagged nanonized boswellic acid naturosomal delivery for effective rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100257. [PMID: 39668885 PMCID: PMC11637072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the potential role of Boswellic acids (BAs), bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes from Boswellia serrata (BS), in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, poor water solubility and limited oral absorption are restricting factors for its better therapeutic efficacy. Based on these assumptions, the current study aimed to develop naturosomal delivery of BAs to boost their extremely low bioavailability, colloidal stability, and water solubility. Nanonized naturosomes were developed and subsequently analyzed to show their physicochemical and functional features employing the quality-by-design approach. The solubility analysis of Boswellic acid naturosomes revealed a 16 times improvement in aqueous solubility compared to BS extract (BSE). The zeta potential and dynamic light scattering findings of BSE naturosomes (BSENs) have demonstrated their colloidal stability with regulated nano-size particles. Additionally, compared to BSE (⁓31%), in-vitro dissolution experiments showed that >99% of pentacyclic triterpenes were released from BSENs. Studies on ex-vivo permeation showed that BSENs' permeation (>79%) significantly improved over BSE's (⁓20%). In-vivo efficacy studies using CFA-prompted arthritis in rodents showed a critical expansion in body wt and an undeniable reduction in paw thickness, paw volume, and TNF-α treated with BSEN compared to the arthritis control and BSE-treated group. These findings suggest that BSENs can help treat RA drugs by demonstrating their efficacy in further clinical research to validate the significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Usapkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa-403 001, India
| | - Suprit Saoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra- 440 033, India
| | - Pradnya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology, PDEA's S. G. R. S. College of Pharmacy, Saswad, Maharashtra-412 301, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Poondi 613 503, India
| | - Mohan Kalaskar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra- 425 405, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa-403401, India
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Palus 416310, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satyendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra- 440 033, India
| | - Damiki Laloo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Girijananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Azara, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29−39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa-403 001, India
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7
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Rarokar NR, Saoji SD, Deole NV, Gaikwad M, Pandey A, Kamaraj C, Chinni SV, Subramaniyan V, Ramachawolran G, Dharashivkar S. Preparation and formula optimization of cephalexin loaded transferosomal gel by QbD to enhance the transdermal delivery: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 89:104968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
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Solanki P, Ansari MD, Alam MI, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ, Sultana Y. Precision engineering designed phospholipid-tagged pamidronate complex functionalized SNEDDS for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:883-913. [PMID: 36414929 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disodium pamidronate, a second-generation bisphosphonate is a potent drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, which has been very well established by previous literature. It has very low oral permeability, leading to its low oral bioavailability, which restrict this drug to being administered orally. Therefore, the present research work includes the development of an orally effective nanoformulation of pamidronate. In this work, disodium pamidronate was complexed with phospholipon 90G for the enhancement of permeability and to investigate the phospholipon 90G-tagged pamidronate complex-loaded SNEDDS for oral delivery with promises of enhanced bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic activity. The rational design and optimization was employed using Central Composite Design (Design Expert® 12, software) to optimize nanoformulation parameters. In this work, a commercially potential self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been developed and evaluated for improved oral bioavailability and better clinical acceptance. The hot micro-emulsification and ultracentrifugation method with vortex mixing was utilized for effective tagging of phospholipon 90G with pamidronate and then loading into the SNEDDS nanocarrier. The optimized Pam-PLc SNEDDS formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, and zeta potential and found to be 56.38 ± 1.37 nm, 0.218 ± 0.113, and 22.41 ± 1.14 respectively. Also, a 37.9% improved bioavailability of pamidronate compared to marketed tablet was observed. Similarly, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies suggest a 31.77% increased bone density and significant enhanced bone biomarkers compared to marketed tablets. The developed formulation is safe and effectively overcomes anti-osteoporosis promises with improved therapeutic potential. This work provides very significant achievements in postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment and may lead to possible use of nanotherapeutic-driven emerging biodegradable carriers-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Danish Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Alam
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Nanophytosomes Loading Andrographis paniculata Hydroalcoholic Extract: Promising Drug Delivery for Hepatoprotective Efficacy. J Pharm Innov 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-023-09712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Esposto BS, Pinho SGB, Thomazini M, Ramos AP, Tapia-Blácido DR, Martelli-Tosi M. TPP-chitosomes as potential encapsulation system to protect carotenoid-rich extract obtained from carrot by-product: A comparison with liposomes and chitosomes. Food Chem 2022; 397:133857. [PMID: 35944334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to extract bioactive compounds from carrot by-products and evaluate their chemical stability after encapsulation in liposomes (L) coated either with chitosan (Ch) or using sodium tripolyphosphate for chitosan complexation (TPP-Ch). The main compounds quantified in this study were carotenoids and total phenolic compounds, which reached encapsulation efficiencies higher than 75%. The TPP-Ch charged with carrot extract showed greater particle size (90.5 nm) and zeta potential (+22 mV) than vesicles without coating (68.0 nm and -2 mV, respectively), indicating that liposomes were successfully coated with chitosan. Regarding results of the carotenoid's encapsulated stability, TPP-Ch particles were more efficient preventing their degradation in all the experimental conditions studied (40 and 70 °C). It is significant that loaded TPP-Ch particles demonstrated similar results for the stability of carotenoid-rich extracts in ethanol, which would therefore be suitable for application in food industry or any aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stefani Esposto
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Guarda Botelho Pinho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Thomazini
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Delia Rita Tapia-Blácido
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Martelli-Tosi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga-SP, Brazil.
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11
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Al-Rabia MW, Alhakamy NA, Rizg WY, Alghaith AF, Ahmed OAA, Fahmy UA. Boosting curcumin activity against human prostatic cancer PC3 cells by utilizing scorpion venom conjugated phytosomes as promising functionalized nanovesicles. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:807-820. [PMID: 35266425 PMCID: PMC8920388 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Curcumin (CUR) is a well-known phytochemical, and scorpion venom (SV) is a natural peptide with proven anticancer properties. However, these natural bioactive agents are limited by low solubility, low bioavailability, poor thermal stability, and short half-lives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate SV-conjugated CUR phytosomes as promising functionalized nanovesicles and assess their anticancer efficacy in human prostatic cancer PC3 cells. CUR-Phytosome-SV was fabricated using experimental design software in which the zeta potential and particle sizes were used as dependent variables. The anticancer effect of the fabricated formulation was determined by performing a tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin V staining, and examining the expression levels of Bcl-associated X-protein (Bax), p53, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The particle size of the nanoconjugates was found to be in the range of 137.5 ± 7.9 to 298.4 ± 11.9 nm, and the zeta potential was 2.9 ± 0.1 to 26.9 ± 1.2 mV. The outcome of the MTT assay showed that curcumin-Phospholipon®-scorpion venom (CUR-PL-SV) exhibited a satisfactory level of cytotoxicity, and the IC50 was found to be lower than CUR and PL-SV individually. Cell cycle analysis showed predominantly cell cycle arrest at the G2-M and pre-G1 phases. In contrast, annexin V staining showed significant early and late apoptosis events in addition to increased necrosis when PC3 cells were treated with CUR-PL-SV. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed a reduction in expression of Bax, p53, caspase-3, NF-kB, TNF-α, and an increase in Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, a MMP analysis showed a reduction in mitochondrial permeability and hence confirmed the superior anticancer potential of CUR-PL-SV. Thus, the present study showed significant anticancer potency of SV-conjugated CUR phytosomes against human prostatic cancer PC3 cells, making it a novel treatment approach for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gurav S, Usapkar P, Gurav N, Nadaf S, Ayyanar M, Verekar R, Bhole R, Venkataramaiah C, Jena G, Chikhale R. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation (in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo) of naturosomal nanocarriers for enhanced delivery and therapeutic efficacy of hesperetin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274916. [PMID: 36327264 PMCID: PMC9632909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study intends to formulate, characterize and appraise the phospholipid-based nanovesicular system for enhanced delivery of Hesperetin (HT). The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed to prepare Hesperetin naturosomes (HTN) using the solvent evaporation technique and assessed for physicochemical and pharmacological attributes. The FTIR, DSC, and PXRD studies confirmed the successful formation of a vesicular drug-phospholipid complex, while photomicroscopy, SEM, and TEM analysis revealed the morphology of HTN. The functional attributes substantially enhanced the HT’s aqueous solubility, drug release, and membrane permeation. The aqueous solubility of HTN was ~10-fold more than that of pure HT. Likewise, the in-vitro dissolution data of HTN showed better competence in releasing the HT (>93%) than the pure HT (~64%) or the physical mixture (~74%). Furthermore, HTN significantly altered HT permeation (>53%) when compared to pure HT (23%) or the physical mixture (28%). The current study showed that naturosomes are a promising way to improve the solubility in water, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India,* E-mail: (RC); (SG)
| | - Poonam Usapkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Mahagaon, Chinchewadi, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A. Veeriya Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rucheera Verekar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Ritesh Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Goutam Jena
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom,* E-mail: (RC); (SG)
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Rarokar NR, Menghani SS, Kerzare DR, Khedekar PB, Bharne AP, Alamri AS, Alsanie WF, Alhomrani M, Sreeharsha N, Asdaq SMB. Preparation of Terbinafin-Encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Antifungal Carbopol® Hydrogel with Improved Efficacy: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071393. [PMID: 35890289 PMCID: PMC9320640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was aimed to develop a terbinafin hydrochloride (TH)-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) hydrogel for improved antifungal efficacy. TH-loaded SLNs were obtained from glyceryl monostearate (lipid) and Pluronic® F68 (surfactant) employing high-pressure homogenization. The ratio of drug with respect to lipid was optimized, considering factors such as desired particle size and highest percent encapsulation efficiency. Lyophilized SLNs were then incorporated in the hydrogel prepared from 0.2–1.0% w/v carbopol 934P and further evaluated for rheological parameters. The z-average, zeta potential and polydispersity index were found to be 241.3 nm, −15.2 mV and 0.415, respectively. The SLNs show a higher entrapment efficiency of about 98.36%, with 2.12 to 6.3602% drug loading. SEM images, XRD and the results of the DSC, FTIR show successful preparation of SLNs after freeze drying. The TH-loaded SLNs hydrogel showed sustained drug release (95.47 ± 1.45%) over a period of 24 h. The results reported in this study show a significant effect on the zone of inhibition than the marketed formulation and pure drug in Candida albicans cultures, with better physical stability at cooler temperatures. It helped to enhance skin deposition inthe ex vivostudy and improved, in vitro and in vivo, the antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Rarokar
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440033, India; (N.R.R.); (P.B.K.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Sunil S. Menghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560035, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.M.); or (S.M.B.A.)
| | - Deweshri R. Kerzare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, India;
| | - Pramod B. Khedekar
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440033, India; (N.R.R.); (P.B.K.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Ashish P. Bharne
- Computer Aided Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Shaikshanik Parisar, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440033, India; (N.R.R.); (P.B.K.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (W.F.A.); (M.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (W.F.A.); (M.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (W.F.A.); (M.A.)
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.S.M.); or (S.M.B.A.)
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Ahmed MM, Anwer MK, Fatima F, Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe A, Alali AS, Alharthi AI, Kalam MA. Boosting the Anticancer Activity of Sunitinib Malate in Breast Cancer through Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2459. [PMID: 35746034 PMCID: PMC9227860 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) fabricated with lipoid-90H and chitosan, sunitinib malate (SM), an anticancer drug was loaded using lecithin as a stabilizer by employing emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Four formulations (SLPN1-SLPN4) were developed by varying the concentration of chitosan polymer. Based on particle characterization, SLPN4 was optimized with size (439 ± 5.8 nm), PDI (0.269), ZP (+34 ± 5.3 mV), and EE (83.03 ± 4.9%). Further, the optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM, and in vitro release studies. In-vitro release of the drug from SPN4 was found to be 84.11 ± 2.54% as compared with pure drug SM 24.13 ± 2.67%; in 48 h, release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with Fickian release mechanism. The SLPN4 exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer, as evident by caspase 3, 9, and p53 activities. According to the findings, SM-loaded LPHNPs might be a promising therapy option for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Amer S. Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (F.F.); (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman I. Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Design and Optimization of Nanophytosomes Containing Mucuna prureins Hydroalcoholic Extract for Enhancement of Antidepressant Activity. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Saoji SD, Rarokar NR, Dhore PW, Dube S, Gurav NS, Gurav SS, Raut NA. Phospholipid Based Colloidal Nanocarriers for Enhanced Solubility and Therapeutic Efficacy of Withanolides. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Markova E, Taneska L, Kostovska M, Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, Glavas Dodov M, Makreski P, Geskovski N, Petrushevska M, N Taravari A, Simonoska Crcarevska M. Design and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Salvia officinalis extract for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1368-1390. [PMID: 35019231 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential of Salvia officinalis in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to successfully deliver drug molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB), the objective of this study was design, development, optimization and characterization of freeze-dried salvia officinalis extract (FSE) loaded NLC intended for intranasal administration. NLC were prepared by solvent evaporation method and the optimization was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Further, the optimized formulation (NLCo) was coated either with chitosan (NLCc) or poloxamer (NLCp). Surface characterization of the particles demonstrated a spherical shape with smooth exterior. Particle size of optimal formulations after 0.45 μm pore size filtration ranged from 127 ± 0.68 nm to 140 ± 0.74 nm. The zeta potential was -25.6 ± 0.404 mV; 22.4 ± 1.106 mV and - 6.74 ± 0.609 mV for NLCo, NLCc, and NLCp, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the formation of NLC whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the FSE encapsulation into particles. All formulations showcased relatively high drug loading (>86.74 mcg FSE/mg solid lipid) and were characterized by prolonged and controlled release that followed Peppas-Sahlin in vitro release kinetic model. Protein adsorption studies revealed the lowest adsorption of the proteins onto NLCp (43.53 ± 0.07%) and highest protein adsorption onto NLCc (55.97 ± 0.75%) surface. The modified ORAC assay demonstrated higher antioxidative activity for NLCo (95.31 ± 1.86%) and NLCc (97.76 ± 4.00%) as compared to FSE (90.30 ± 1.53%). Results obtained from cell cultures tests pointed to the potential of prepared NLCs for FSE brain targeting and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Markova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lea Taneska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Monika Kostovska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Petre Makreski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Petrushevska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Arben N Taravari
- University Clinic for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Characterization and In vitro investigation of antiscabietic effect of phytosomes assimilating quercetin and naringenin rich fraction of Pistacia integerrima galls extract against Sarcoptes scabiei. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Eldin SMB, Ahmed OAA, Aldawsari HM, Okbazghi SZ, Alfaleh MA, Abdulaal WH, Alamoudi AJ, Mady FM. Scorpion Venom-Functionalized Quercetin Phytosomes for Breast Cancer Management: In Vitro Response Surface Optimization and Anticancer Activity against MCF-7 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:93. [PMID: 35012116 PMCID: PMC8747200 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a dangerous type of cancer in women. Quercetin (QRT), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has wide biological effects including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antiviral activities. The anticancer activity is considered the most valuable effect of QRT against several types of cancer, including prostate, liver, lung, colon, and breast cancer. Scorpion venom peptides (SV) has been found to induce apoptosis and aggravate cancer cells, making it a promising anticancer agent. QRT, SV, and Phospholipon® 90H (PL) were incorporated in a nano-based delivery platform to assess QRT's cellular uptake and antiproliferative efficacy against a lung cancer cell line derived from human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Several nanovesicles were prepared and optimized, using four-factor Box-Behnken, in an experimental design. The optimized phytosomes showed vesicle size and zeta potential values of 116.9 nm and 31.5 mV, respectively. The IC50 values revealed that MCF-7 cells were significantly more sensitive to the optimized QRT formula than the plain formula and raw QRT. Cell cycle analysis revealed that optimized QRT formula treatment resulted in significant cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The results also indicated that treatment with QRT formula significantly increased caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 mRNA expression, compared with the plain formula and QRT. In terms of the inflammatory markers, the QRT formula significantly reduced the activity of TNF-α and NF-κB, in comparison with the plain formula and QRT only. Overall, the findings from the study proved that a QRT formulation could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solomon Z. Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatma M. Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
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20
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Asfour HZ, Fahmy UA, Alharbi WS, Almehmady AM, Alamoudi AJ, Tima S, Mansouri RA, Omar UM, Ahmed OAA, Zakai SA, Aldarmahi AA, Bagalagel A, Diri R, Alhakamy NA. Phyto-Phospholipid Conjugated Scorpion Venom Nanovesicles as Promising Carrier That Improves Efficacy of Thymoquinone against Adenocarcinoma Human Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2144. [PMID: 34959424 PMCID: PMC8709205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a dangerous type of cancer in men and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in women, behind breast and colorectal cancers. Thymoquinone (THQ), a main compound in black seed essential oils, has a variety of beneficial effects, including antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. On the other hand, scorpion venom peptides (SV) induce apoptosis in the cancer cells, making it a promising anticancer agent. THQ, SV, and Phospholipon® 90H (PL) were incorporated in a nano-based delivery platform to assess THQ's cellular uptake and antiproliferative efficacy against a lung cancer cell line derived from human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Several nanovesicles were prepared and optimized using factorial experimental design. The optimized phytosome formulation contained 79.0 mg of PL and 170.0 mg of SV, with vesicle size and zeta potential of 209.9 nm and 21.1 mV, respectively. The IC50 values revealed that A549 cells were significantly more sensitive to the THQ formula than the plain formula and THQ. Cell cycle analysis revealed that THQ formula treatment resulted in significant cell cycle arrest at the S phase, increasing cell population in this phase by 22.1%. Furthermore, the THQ formula greatly increased cell apoptosis (25.17%) when compared to the untreated control (1.76%), plain formula (11.96%), or THQ alone (13.18%). The results also indicated that treatment with THQ formula significantly increased caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 mRNA expression compared to plain formula and THQ. In terms of the inflammatory markers, THQ formula significantly reduced the activity of TNF-α and NF-κB in comparison with the plain formula and THQ only. Overall, the findings from the study proved that a phytosome formulation of THQ could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (S.A.Z.)
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (U.M.O.)
| | - Ulfat M. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (U.M.O.)
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi A. Zakai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (S.A.Z.)
| | - Ahmed A. Aldarmahi
- College of Sciences and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alaa Bagalagel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Reem Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Chen S, Xie Q, Yang M, Shi Y, Shi J, Zeng X. Scutellaria baicalensis Extract-Phospholipid Complex: Preparation and Initial Pharmacodynamics Research in Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:847-860. [PMID: 34376131 PMCID: PMC9189737 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210729142257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside compound present in Scutellaria baicalensis, has shown a wide spectrum of biological activities, but its liposolubility, water-solubility and mucosal permeability are all very poor, which leads to the low concentration in brain and poor bioavailability by oral or intravenous injective administration. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to formulate the Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) with phospholipid to yield Scutellaria baicalensis extract-phospholipid complex (SBEPC), and to evaluate its pharmacodynamics in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods The optimal preparation technology of SBEPC was obtained through single-factor test and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM), and was characterized with various analytical techniques including SEM, FT-IR and NMR. The storage conditions of SBEPC were established through stability study and the MCAO rat model was investigated through conducting pharmacodynamic studies to screen the appropriate administration and dose of SBEPC as well as to verify the neuroprotective effect of SBEPC on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results The optimized preparation conditions of SBEPC were summarized as follows: the ratio of phospholipids to drug was 2:1, the drug concentration was 3.5 mg/ml, the reaction temperature was 50 °C, and the entrapment efficiency was over 93.00%. Stability studies have demonstrated that SBEPC should be stored under 40 °C in a dry and ventilated place away from light and below 37% humidity. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic studies have found that, compared with SBE, SBEPC could introduce drugs into the brain and better exert the neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats, and the optimal administration and dose concentration of SBEPC were nasal administration and 40 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that SBEPC is successfully prepared by CCD-RSM. SBEPC can enhance drugs' ability to enter the brain and improve the bioavailability of drugs in brain, and can effectively exert the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury as compared with SBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Chen
- Research Center, China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Qiujie Xie
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junhui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
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22
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Kumar S, Baldi A, Sharma DK. In vitro antioxidant assay guided ex vivo investigation of cytotoxic effect of phytosomes assimilating taxifolin rich fraction of Cedrus deodara bark extract on human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Venkatasubbaiah R, Jha PK, Sanjay KR. Centella asiatica crop residue fabricated silver nanoparticles as potent antioxidant agents in photo-catalytic degradation of hazardous dyes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1931146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Venkatasubbaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Konasur Rajesh Sanjay
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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24
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Telange DR, Jain SP, Pethe AM, Kharkar PS, Rarokar NR. Use of combined nanocarrier system based on chitosan nanoparticles and phospholipids complex for improved delivery of ferulic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:288-307. [PMID: 33418046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanocarrier system of phospholipids complex loaded chitosan nanoparticles (FAPLC CNPs) was developed to improve the oral bioavailability and antioxidant potential of FA. FAPLC CNPs were optimized using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). FAPLC CNPs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, solubility, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo antioxidant activity in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced albino rat model. The characterization studies indicated a formation of the complex as well as FAPLC CNPs. The FAPLC CNPs exhibited a lower particle size ~123.27 nm, PDI value ~0.31, and positive zeta potential ~32 mV respectively. Functional characterization studies revealed a significant improvement in the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeation rate of FAPLC and FAPLC CNPs compared to FA and FA CNPs. The FAPLC CNPs showed significant enhancement of in vivo antioxidant activity of FA by restoring the elevated marker enzymes in the CCl4-intoxicated rat model compared to FA CNPs. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a significant enhancement of oral bioavailability of FA from FAPLC CNPs compared to FA CNPs. These findings show that FAPLC CNPs could be used as an effective nanocarrier for improving the oral delivery of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan R Telange
- Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, Botha Road, Buldhana 443301, M.S., India.
| | - Shirish P Jain
- Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, Botha Road, Buldhana 443301, M.S., India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Pollepally SEZ, Jadcherla, Mehbubnagar, Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, M.S., India
| | - Nilesh R Rarokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, M.S., India
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Fernandes F, Dias-Teixeira M, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Critical Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Carriers of Neuroprotective Drugs and Extracts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:563. [PMID: 33668341 PMCID: PMC7996241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biggest obstacle to the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) is the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physical barrier that regulates the entry of substances into the brain and ensures the homeostasis of the CNS. This review summarizes current research on lipid-based nanoparticles for the nanoencapsulation of neuroprotective compounds. A survey of studies on nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoliposomes/nanophytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)/nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was carried out and is discussed herein, with particular emphasis upon their unique characteristics, the most important parameters influencing the formulation of each one, and examples of neuroprotective compounds/extracts nanoencapsulated using these nanoparticles. Gastrointestinal absorption is also discussed, as it may pose some obstacles for the absorption of free and nanoencapsulated neuroprotective compounds into the bloodstream, consequently hampering drug concentration in the brain. The transport mechanisms through which compounds or nanoparticles may cross BBB into the brain parenchyma, and the potential to increase drug bioavailability, are also discussed. Additionally, factors contributing to BBB disruption and neurodegeneration are described. Finally, the advantages of, and obstacles to, conventional and unconventional routes of administration to deliver nanoencapsulated neuroprotective drugs to the brain are also discussed, taking into account the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, onset of action, ability to bypass the BBB and concentration of the drug in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
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26
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Singh AK, Singh A. Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Boldine-phospholipid Complex. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999201021165556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Boldine, is an aporphine alkaloid that possesses potent antioxidant activity.
Despite having enormous potential, the clinical application of boldine was restricted because of its
poor bioavailability attributed to its poor aqueous solubility and rapid clearance from the body. The
drug phospholipid complexation techniques were frequently employed to overcome the limitation of
low bioavailability of phytoconstituents/herbal extract.
Objective:
The boldine phospholipid complex (BOL-PC) formulation was developed for enhancing
antioxidant potential of boldine by preparing its phospholipid complex.
Methods:
Boldine loaded phospholipid (BOL-PC) complex was prepared by refluxing followed by
solvent evaporation method and subjected to various physicochemical and spectral analysis. Further,
the in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method.
Results:
The formation of the complex was confirmed by 1H NMR and thermal analysis. SEM and PXRD revealed partial
amorphization of drug in complex formed. The BOL-PC dissolution rate and solubility was significantly improved
compared to the parent compound. The maximum % yield and % EE was found to be 95.92± 0.01732 and 95.89±0.3502
respectively in the optimized formulation (F3) which exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant property.
Conclusion:
It was concluded from the study that the phospholipid complexation of boldine has better
antioxidant potential and improved the solubility, dissolution profile which may facilitate its oral absorption
and enhances its chances for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand,India
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand,India
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27
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Mangrulkar S, Shah P, Navnage S, Mazumdar P, Chaple D. Phytophospholipid Complex of Caffeic Acid: Development, In vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Investigation of Antihyperlipidemic and Hepatoprotective Action in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:28. [PMID: 33404939 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA), a hydroxycinnamic acid possessing a variety of pharmacological activities, has caused a growing interest for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and associated conditions. This work endeavored to develop a novel formulation of CA-Phospholipon® 90H complex (CA-PC) using a solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and powder X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) was carried to confirm the formation of CA-PC. The CA-PC was functionally evaluated in terms of solubility, in vitro and ex vivo drug release, and in vivo bioavailability and efficacy studies. SEM, DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies indicated the physical interaction of CA with Phospholipon® 90H to form a complex. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies described particle size of 168 ± 3.9 nm with a monodisperse distribution (PDI 0.17) and a negative zeta-potential of - 16.6 ± 2.1 mV. The phospholipid complex significantly improved (4.2-fold) the solubility of CA. In vitro and ex vivo dissolution studies of the formulated CA-PC revealed a significantly higher release compared with the pure CA. The pharmacokinetic study of CA-PC in rats demonstrated a significant increase (4.79-fold) in oral bioavailability when compared with pure CA as well. Additionally, a significant improvement in serum lipid profile, serum liver biomarker enzyme levels and, restoration of hepatic tissue architecture to normal, in high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic model was obtained upon CA-PC administration when compared with pure CA. These findings indicated that CA-PC would serve as an effective and promising formulation for CA delivery with improved antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activity.Graphical abstract.
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28
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Rarokar N, C R, Gurav S, Khedekar P. Meloxicam encapsulated nanostructured colloidal self-assembly for evaluating antitumor and anti-inflammatory efficacy in 3D printed scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1441-1456. [PMID: 33289225 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured colloidal self-assembly (NCS) is one of the most promising drug delivery carriers in cancer treatment. The present research work aimed towards synthesizing meloxicam (MLX) loaded NCS for its improved circulation half-life and increased cellular internalization. NCS was formulated using glyceryl monoolein, Pluronic® F127, and MLX. Quality by Design experiments with a quadratic model was subjected to optimization of the formulation. The optimized NCS with an average particle size of 185.5 ± 3.02 nm showed higher MLX encapsulation (94.74 ± 3.41%) and sustained release behavior of MLX up to 24 hr. in vitro cytotoxicity of the developed NCS with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines confirmed lower cell viability and a higher rate of cell growth inhibition. This MLX loaded NCS showed dual activity as an antitumor and anti-inflammatory in highly invasive estrogen-dependent MDA-MB-231 cells due to the high expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Besides, an activity of the MLX-NCS was also observed in 3D printed MCF-7 cells. This investigation shows the possible use of MLX-NCS as an efficient cancer drug delivery system with excellent colloidal stability, sustained release of MLX, enhanced antitumor and anti-inflammatory efficacy in 3D printed scaffolds. In contrast to toxicity study in 2D culture, the 3D constructs revealed the activity of the MLX via COX-2 independent mechanism and demonstrated that the relationship between COX-2 expression and antitumor activity of inhibitors is limited. In conclusion, the overall observations and results of this study strengthen the hypothesized development of NCS as a next-generation therapeutics regimen for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rarokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravikumar C
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Pramod Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Musillo C, Borgi M, Saul N, Möller S, Luyten W, Berry A, Cirulli F. Natural products improve healthspan in aged mice and rats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:89-105. [PMID: 33309907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades a decrease in mortality has paved the way for late onset pathologies such as cardiovascular, metabolic or neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence has led many researchers to shift their focus from researching ways to extend lifespan to finding ways to increase the number of years spent in good health; "healthspan" is indeed the emerging concept of such quest for ageing without chronic or disabling diseases and dysfunctions. Regular consumption of natural products might improve healthspan, although the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Since preclinical studies aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these compounds are growing, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of natural products on healthspan in mouse and rat models of physiological ageing. Results indicate that natural compounds show robust effects improving stress resistance and cognitive abilities. These promising data call for further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms in more depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Borgi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Alhakamy NA, Badr-Eldin SM, Fahmy UA, Alruwaili NK, Awan ZA, Caruso G, Alfaleh MA, Alaofi AL, Arif FO, Ahmed OAA, Alghaith AF. Thymoquinone-Loaded Soy-Phospholipid-Based Phytosomes Exhibit Anticancer Potential against Human Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E761. [PMID: 32806507 PMCID: PMC7463966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural polyphenol, has been associated with various pharmacological responses; however, low bioavailability of TQ limits its clinical application. Thus, a novel phytosomal delivery system of TQ-Phospholipon® 90H complex (TQ-phytosome) was developed by refluxing combined with anti-solvent precipitation. This TQ delivery system was optimized by a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. The optimized TQ-phytosome size was (45.59 ± 1.82 nm) and the vesicle size was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro release pattern of the formulation indicated a biphasic release pattern, where an initial burst release was observed within 2 h, followed by a prolonged release. A remarkable increase in dose-dependent cytotoxicity was evident from the significant decrease in IC50 value of TQ-phytosomes (4.31 ± 2.21 µM) against the A549 cell line. The differential effect of TQ-phytosomes in cell cycle analysis was observed, where cancer cells were accumulated on G2-M and pre-G1 phases. Furthermore, increased apoptotic induction and cell necrosis of TQ-phytosomes were revealed with the annexin V staining technique via activation of caspase-3. In reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, TQ-phytosomes acted to significantly increase ROS generation in A549 cells. In conclusion, the sustained release profile with significantly-improved anticancer potential could be obtained with TQ by this phytosomal nanocarrier platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.)
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zuhier A. Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy;
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed L. Alaofi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.L.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Faris O Arif
- General Surgery KAUH, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.L.A.); (A.F.A.)
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31
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Badr-Eldin SM, Ahmed OAA, Asfour HZ, Aldawsari HM, Algandaby MM, Eid BG, Abdel-Naim AB, Awan ZA, Alruwaili NK, Mohamed AI. Optimized Icariin Phytosomes Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E346. [PMID: 32290412 PMCID: PMC7238269 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a flavonol glycoside that has pleiotropic pharmacological actions. It has cytotoxic effects against ovarian cancer cells and increases their chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Phytosomes are identified for their potential in drug delivery of cytotoxic agents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the potential enhancement of ICA cytotoxicity activity in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells via its formulation in phytosomes. ICA-phytosomal formulation was optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Particle size, shape, and in vitro drug release were used to characterize the optimized formula. The optimized formulation exhibited enhanced in vitro drug release. ICA-phytosomes exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated accumulation of cells challenged with ICA-phytosomes in G2/M and pre-G1 phases. Staining of cells with annexin V indicated significant elevation of percentage cells with early and late apoptosis as well as total cell death. In addition, the formulation significantly disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular content of caspase 3. In addition, intracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was enhanced by ICA-phytosomes. In conclusion, phytosome formulation of ICA significantly potentiates its cytotoxic activities against OVCAR-3 cells. This is mediated, at least partly, by enhanced ICA cellular permeation, apoptosis, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.B.-E.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21579, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (A.B.A.-N.)
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (A.B.A.-N.)
| | - Zuhier A. Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Skaka 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir I. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11757, Egypt;
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Mandeep, Kaur S, Samal SK, Roy S, Sangamwar AT. Successful oral delivery of fexofenadine hydrochloride by improving permeability via phospholipid complexation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 149:105338. [PMID: 32283194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to enhance liposolubility along with intestinal permeability of BCS class III drug fexofenadine (FEX) via phospholipid complexation strategy in order to improve its oral bioavailability. This work demonstrated the minimized P-gp efflux and augmented absorption of FEX when fabricated as phospholipid complex. The fexofenadine-phospholipid complex (FEX-PLC) was prepared using widely used solvent evaporation method. Among three phospholipids, Phospholipon® 90 H was screened out for further studies due to high drug content and physical form. The FTIR spectra demonstrated the disappearance of characteristic peaks of FEX which could be attributed to shielding by phospholipid due to molecular interactions between FEX and phospholipid. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) revealed the amorphous state of FEX in the complex. The partition coefficient study indicated the increased in lipophilicity which can further be correlated with 1.85 ± 0.850 fold enhancement in intestinal permeability of FEX-PLC in comparison to FEX in Caco-2 permeability assay. Furthermore, efflux ratio of FEX was decreased significantly from 4.04 (FEX) to 1.34 (FEX-PLC) which indicated inhibition of P-gp efflux of FEX. The in vivo evaluation in Wistar rats presented 3.38 fold increment in oral bioavailability of FEX-PLC as compared to FEX. In summary, the phospholipid complexation demonstrated as a simple and promising approach to tackle oral bioavailability hurdles of BCS class III drugs and convert them to BCS class I drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Shamandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sanjaya K Samal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sabyasachi Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Jain H, Chella N. Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Natural Product Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41838-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wannasarit S, Puttarak P, Kaewkroek K, Wiwattanapatapee R. Strategies for Improving Healing of the Gastric Epithelium Using Oral Solid Dispersions Loaded with Pentacyclic Triterpene-Rich Centella Extract. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:277. [PMID: 31396788 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds in Centella asiatica extract, mainly consisting of asiaticoside (AS), asiatic acid (AA), madecassoside (MS), and madecassic acid (MA), possess wound healing and anti-ulcer properties, but their low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate are disadvantageous for oral administration. In this study, pentacyclic triterpene-rich centella extract (PRE) was combined with Eudragit® EPO as a hydrophilic polymer using solvent evaporation to produce a solid dispersion (PRE-ESD). The optimum PRE/Eudragit ratio of 1:2 enhanced the solubility and dissolution of glycosides (AS > 3.5 folds, MS > 2 folds) and aglycones (AA > 65 folds and MA > 56 folds) in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2). DSC, XRD, and FT-IR analysis showed that the four pentacyclic triterpenes in PRE existed in the amorphous state in the solid dispersion. Moreover, almost 100% of the compounds were released from the solid dispersion within 2 h. The effects of PRE-ESD on cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro were investigated in human gastric epithelial cell lines (AGS cells). Exposure to PRE-ESD (equivalent to PRE concentration of 10 μg/mL) promoted cell proliferation and enhanced 'wound closure' in the scratch assay of wound healing by 82% compared with non-treated groups. Unformulated MA and AA aglycones did not exhibit a wound healing effect. Moreover, PRE-ESD was found to accelerate wound closure compared with either AS or MS, indicating that the wound healing properties of PRE-ESD are conferred by the active compounds AS and MS that are presented in PRE.
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Jhan S, Pethe AM. Double-loaded liposomes encapsulating lycopene β-cyclodextrin complexes: preparation, optimization, and evaluation. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:80-92. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1593450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Jhan
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Anil M. Pethe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
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Rarokar NR, Khedekar PB, Bharne AP, Umekar MJ. Development of self-assembled nanocarriers to enhance antitumor efficacy of docetaxel trihydrate in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:1056-1068. [PMID: 30572051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocarriers (SANs) as a novel colloidal controlled delivery for docetaxel trihydrate (DTX) were engineered by high-pressure homogenization method to overcome the several clinical problems. Drug-excipient compatibility was studied using DSC and FTIR spectroscopy. The fabricated SANs was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and SEM. QbD based central composite design of experiment was employed for formula optimization. The cell viability of DTX-hydroalcoholic solution (DTX-HA) and DTX-loaded SANs has been determined in MDA-MB-231 cell line by MTT assay. The stability study of selected SANs formulations were carried out at various storage conditions as per ICH guidelines. The summary of results obtained shows high drug content with higher entrapment efficiency (91.23 ± 3.41% w/w) of DTX-loaded SANs. It shows diffusion controlled release of DTX over the period of 12 h which is higher than DTX-HA solution, releases the DTX within 4 h. The MTT assay expressed lower cellular viability and improved cell inhibition leads to increase cytotoxicity of formulations towards cells. The stability study reveals stability of DTX-loaded SANs formulations at various storage conditions over a period of three months. The strong experimental evidence confirms the SANs as an effective approach to formulate the controlled delivery system of antineoplastics with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R Rarokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, M.S. 440033, India.
| | - Pramod B Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, M.S. 440033, India
| | - Ashish P Bharne
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur 440037, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, India
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Binti Mohd Yusuf Yeo NA, Muthuraju S, Wong JH, Mohammed FR, Senik MH, Zhang J, Yusof SR, Jaafar H, Adenan ML, Mohamad H, Tengku Muhammad TS, Abdullah JM. Hippocampal amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid GluA1 (AMPA GluA1) receptor subunit involves in learning and memory improvement following treatment with Centella asiatica extract in adolescent rats. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01093. [PMID: 30105867 PMCID: PMC6160644 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centella asiatica is an herbal plant that contains phytochemicals that are widely believed to have positive effects on cognitive function. The adolescent stage is a critical development period for the maturation of brain processes that encompass changes in physical and psychological systems. However, the effect of C. asiatica has not been extensively studied in adolescents. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of a C. asiatica extract on the enhancement of learning and memory in adolescent rats. METHODS The locomotor activity, learning, and memory were assessed by using open field test and water T-maze test. This study also examined changes in neuronal cell morphology using cresyl violet and apoptosis staining. We also performed immunohistochemical study to analyse the expression of the glutamate AMPA receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) GluA1 subunit and the GABA receptor (γ-Aminobutyric Acid) subtype GABAA α1 subunit in the hippocampus of the same animals. RESULTS We found no significant changes in locomotor activity (p > 0.05). The water T-maze data showed that 30 mg/kg dose significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning, memory, and the memory consolidation phase but had no effect on reversal learning (p > 0.05). Histological data revealed no neuronal morphological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of the AMPA GluA1 receptor subunit but there was no effect on GABAA receptor α1 subunit expression in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The C. asiatica extract therefore improved hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory in a dose-dependent manner in rats through the GluA1-containing AMPA receptor in the CA1 and CA2 sub regions of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aqilah Binti Mohd Yusuf Yeo
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza Mohammed
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Harizal Senik
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Llham Adenan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:265-274. [PMID: 32104457 PMCID: PMC7032241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although active constituents extracted from plants show robust in vitro pharmacological effects, low in vivo absorption greatly limits the widespread application of these compounds. A strategy of using phyto-phospholipid complexes represents a promising approach to increase the oral bioavailability of active constituents, which is consist of ‘‘label-friendly” phospholipids and active constituents. Hydrogen bond interactions between active constituents and phospholipids enable phospholipid complexes as an integral part. This review provides an update on four important issues related to phyto-phospholipid complexes: active constituents, phospholipids, solvents, and stoichiometric ratios. We also discuss recent progress in research on the preparation, characterization, structural verification, and increased bioavailability of phyto-phospholipid complexes.
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39
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Wang J, Wang L, Zhang L, He D, Ju J, Li W. Studies on the curcumin phospholipid complex solidified with Soluplus®. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:242-249. [PMID: 29148063 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
With the purpose of developing a curcumin phospholipid complex (CPC) formulation with high performance, the CPC was prepared and solidified with Soluplus® in this study.
Methods
Soluplus® was used as a carrier to solidify CPC. The structures of the CPC and curcumin phospholipid complex – Soluplus® solidified powder (CSP) – were also characterized by differential scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer, and flowability, in-vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability were also investigated.
Key findings
All analysis indicated that curcumin was completely converted from crystalline to amorphous state in solidified powder. The angle of repose calculated in flowability study indicated a marked improvement from ‘cannot be measured’ to ‘37°’. Meanwhile, the dissolution study showed that in phosphate buffer condition, the dissolution rate of CSP had released 76.34% in pH 6.8 and the 78.19% in pH 1.2. Furthermore, in pharmacokinetic study, significant (P < 0.01) improvement of AUC0–∞ value was observed between CPC and CSP groups, and the results showed that AUC0–∞ value was increased from 205.84 ± 50.46 μg h/ml to 330.47 μg h/ml.
Conclusions
A simple and convenient solidifying process was used in this study, and the data suggested that this process not only could improve the flowability and dissolution of phospholipid complex, but also increased the oral bioavailability of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan He
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Ju
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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40
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Gnananath K, Sri Nataraj K, Ganga Rao B. Phospholipid Complex Technique for Superior Bioavailability of Phytoconstituents. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:35-42. [PMID: 28507935 PMCID: PMC5426732 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoconstituents have been utilized as medicines for thousands of years, yet their application is limited owing to major hurdles like deficit lipid solubility, large molecular size and degradation in the gastric environment of gut. Recently, phospholipid-complex technique has unveiled in addressing these stumbling blocks either by enhancing the solubilizing capacity or its potentiating ability to pass through the biological membranes and it also protects the active herbal components from degradation. Hence, this phospholipid-complex-technique can enable researchers to deliver the phytoconstituents into systemic circulation by using certain conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules. This review highlights the unique property of phospholipids in drug delivery, their role as adjuvant in health benefits, and their application in the herbal medicine systems to improve the bioavailability of active herbal components. Also we summarize the prerequisites for phytosomes preparation like the selection of type of phytoconstituents, solvents used, various methods employed in phytosomal preparation and its characterization. Further we discuss the key findings of recent research work conducted on phospholipid-based delivery systems which can enable new directions and advancements to the development of herbal dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattamanchi Gnananath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram-534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalakonda Sri Nataraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram-534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Battu Ganga Rao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vishakhapatnam-530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Fegade H, Anand S, Dave VS. Formulation and characterization of an apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 108:36-49. [PMID: 27939619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) was developed to improve the aqueous solubility, dissolution, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant activity of apigenin. The APLC synthesis was guided by a full factorial design strategy, incorporating specific formulation and process variables to deliver an optimized product. The design-optimized formulation was assayed for aqueous solubility, in vitro dissolution, pharmacokinetics, and antioxidant activity. The pharmacological evaluation was carried out by assessing its effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation of liver function marker enzymes in a rat model. The antioxidant activity was assessed by studying its effects on the liver antioxidant marker enzymes. The developed model was validated using the design-optimized levels of formulation and process variables. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed the formation of phytosomes. The optimized formulation demonstrated over 36-fold higher aqueous solubility of apigenin, compared to that of pure apigenin. The formulation also exhibited a significantly higher rate and extent of apigenin release in dissolution studies. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the oral bioavailability of apigenin from the prepared formulation, compared to pure apigenin. The liver function tests indicated that the prepared phytosome showed a significantly improved restoration of all carbon tetrachloride-elevated rat liver function marker enzymes. The prepared formulation also exhibited antioxidant potential by significantly increasing the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidase. The study shows that phospholipid-based phytosome is a promising and viable strategy for improving the delivery of apigenin and similar phytoconstituents with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan R Telange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun T Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Pharmaceutics Division, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal Fegade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sridhar Anand
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vivek S Dave
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Saoji SD, Dave VS, Dhore PW, Bobde YS, Mack C, Gupta D, Raut NA. The role of phospholipid as a solubility- and permeability-enhancing excipient for the improved delivery of the bioactive phytoconstituents of Bacopa monnieri. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 108:23-35. [PMID: 27590125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to improve the solubility and permeability of Standardized Bacopa Extract (SBE), a complexation approach based on phospholipid was employed. A solvent evaporation method was used to prepare the SBE-phospholipid complex (Bacopa Naturosome, BN). The formulation and process variables were optimized using a central-composite design. The formation of BN was confirmed by photomicroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). The saturation solubility, the in-vitro dissolution, and the ex-vivo permeability studies were used for the functional evaluation of the prepared complex. BN exhibited a significantly higher aqueous solubility compared to the pure SBE (20-fold), or the physical mixture of SBE and the phospholipid (13-fold). Similarly, the in-vitro dissolution revealed a significantly higher efficiency of the prepared complex (BN) in releasing the SBE (>97%) in comparison to the pure SCE (~42%), or the physical mixture (~47%). The ex-vivo permeation studies showed that the prepared BN significantly improved the permeation of SBE (>90%), compared to the pure SBE (~21%), or the physical mixture (~24%). Drug-phospholipid complexation may thus be a promising strategy for solubility enhancement of bioactive phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit D Saoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Vivek S Dave
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Pradip W Dhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Yamini S Bobde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Connor Mack
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Nishikant A Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.
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The Study of the Influence of Formulation and Process Variables on the Functional Attributes of Simvastatin–Phospholipid Complex. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dhore PW, Dave VS, Saoji SD, Bobde YS, Mack C, Raut NA. Enhancement of the aqueous solubility and permeability of a poorly water soluble drug ritonavir via lyophilized milk-based solid dispersions. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:90-102. [PMID: 27291246 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1193193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a lyophilized milk-based solid dispersion (SD) of ritonavir (RTV) was developed with the goal of improving its aqueous solubility. The SD was prepared by lyophilization, and characterized for its physicochemical and functional properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used to confirm the formation and robustness of the SD formulation. The prepared SD formulations were functionally evaluated by saturation solubility, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation studies. The optimized SD formulation exhibited a significantly higher (30-fold) aqueous solubility (11.36 ± 0.06 μg/mL), compared to the pure RTV (0.37 ± 0.03 μg/mL). The in vitro dissolution studies revealed a significantly higher (∼10-fold) efficiency of the optimized SD formulation in releasing the RTV, compared to the pure RTV. The ex vivo permeation studies with the everted intestine method showed that prepared SD formulation significantly improved the permeation of RTV (75.6 ± 3.09, % w/w), compared to pure RTV (20.45 ± 1.68, % w/w). Thus, SD formulation utilizing lyophilized milk as a carrier appears to be a promising alternative strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip W Dhore
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , R.T.M. Nagpur University , Nagpur , India
| | - Vivek S Dave
- b Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Suprit D Saoji
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , R.T.M. Nagpur University , Nagpur , India
| | - Yamini S Bobde
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , R.T.M. Nagpur University , Nagpur , India
| | - Connor Mack
- b Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Nishikant A Raut
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , R.T.M. Nagpur University , Nagpur , India
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