1
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Pepin X, Arora S, Borges L, Cano-Vega M, Carducci T, Chatterjee P, Chen G, Cristofoletti R, Dallmann A, Delvadia P, Dressman J, Fotaki N, Gray E, Heimbach T, Holte Ø, Kijima S, Kotzagiorgis E, Lennernäs H, Lindahl A, Loebenberg R, Mackie C, Malamatari M, McAllister M, Mitra A, Moody R, Mudie D, Musuamba Tshinanu F, Polli JE, Rege B, Ren X, Rullo G, Scherholz M, Song I, Stillhart C, Suarez-Sharp S, Tannergren C, Tsakalozou E, Veerasingham S, Wagner C, Seo P. Parameterization of Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Models: Workshop Summary Report. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3697-3731. [PMID: 38946085 PMCID: PMC11304397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This Article shares the proceedings from the August 29th, 2023 (day 1) workshop "Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) Best Practices for Drug Product Quality: Regulatory and Industry Perspectives". The focus of the day was on model parametrization; regulatory authorities from Canada, the USA, Sweden, Belgium, and Norway presented their views on PBBM case studies submitted by industry members of the IQ consortium. The presentations shared key questions raised by regulators during the mock exercise, regarding the PBBM input parameters and their justification. These presentations also shed light on the regulatory assessment processes, content, and format requirements for future PBBM regulatory submissions. In addition, the day 1 breakout presentations and discussions gave the opportunity to share best practices around key questions faced by scientists when parametrizing PBBMs. Key questions included measurement and integration of drug substance solubility for crystalline vs amorphous drugs; impact of excipients on apparent drug solubility/supersaturation; modeling of acid-base reactions at the surface of the dissolving drug; choice of dissolution methods according to the formulation and drug properties with a view to predict the in vivo performance; mechanistic modeling of in vitro product dissolution data to predict in vivo dissolution for various patient populations/species; best practices for characterization of drug precipitation from simple or complex formulations and integration of the data in PBBM; incorporation of drug permeability into PBBM for various routes of uptake and prediction of permeability along the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pepin
- Regulatory
Affairs, Simulations Plus Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California 93534-7059, United States
| | - Sumit Arora
- Janssen
Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Luiza Borges
- ANVISA, SIA Trecho 5́, Guara, Brasília, Federal District 71205-050, Brazil
| | - Mario Cano-Vega
- Drug
Product Technologies, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United
States
| | - Tessa Carducci
- Analytical
Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Parnali Chatterjee
- Office
of
Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
(CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United
States
| | - Grace Chen
- Takeda
Development Center Americas Inc., 300 Shire Way, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Rd., Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - André Dallmann
- Bayer
HealthCare SAS, 59000 Lille, France, on behalf of Bayer
AG, Pharmacometrics/Modeling and Simulation, Systems Pharmacology
& Medicine, PBPK, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Poonam Delvadia
- Office
of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Center
for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United States
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Office
of
Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
(CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United
States
| | - Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Øyvind Holte
- Norwegian Medical Products Agency, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Shinichi Kijima
- Office
of New Drug V, Pharmaceuticals and Medical
Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo 100-0013, Japan
| | - Evangelos Kotzagiorgis
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, Amsterdam 1083 HS, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Translational
Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | | | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmontonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Claire Mackie
- Janssen
Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria Malamatari
- Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 10 S Colonnade, London SW1W 9SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McAllister
- Global
Biopharmaceutics, Drug Product Design, Pfizer, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical
Pharmacology, Kura Oncology Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Rebecca Moody
- Office
of
Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
(CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United
States
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Global
Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 63045 NE Corporate
Pl., Bend, Oregon 97701, United States
| | - Flora Musuamba Tshinanu
- Belgian Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Galileelaan 5/03, Brussel 1210, Belgium
| | - James E. Polli
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Bhagwant Rege
- Office
of
Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
(CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United
States
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- PK
Sciences/Translational Medicine, BioMedical Research, Novartis, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Gregory Rullo
- Regulatory
CMC, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Megerle Scherholz
- Pharmaceutical
Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ivy Song
- Takeda
Development Center Americas Inc., 300 Shire Way, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical
R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Suarez-Sharp
- Regulatory
Affairs, Simulations Plus Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California 93534-7059, United States
| | - Christer Tannergren
- Biopharmaceutics
Science, New Modalities & Parenteral Product Development, Pharmaceutical
Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division
of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards,
Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United
States
| | - Shereeni Veerasingham
- Pharmaceutical
Drugs Directorate (PDD), Health Canada, 1600 Scott St., Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Christian Wagner
- Global
Drug Product Development, Global CMC Development, the Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt D-64293, Germany
| | - Paul Seo
- Office
of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Center
for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United States
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2
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Pumkathin S, Hanlumyuang Y, Wattanathana W, Laomettachit T, Liangruksa M. Investigating pharmacokinetic profiles of Centella asiatica using machine learning and PBPK modelling. J Biopharm Stat 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38860461 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2024.2358797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling serves as a valuable tool for determining the distribution and disposition of substances in the body of an organism. It involves a mathematical representation of the interrelationships among crucial physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical parameters. A lack of the values of pharmacokinetic parameters can be challenging in constructing a PBPK model. Herein, we propose an artificial intelligence framework to evaluate a key pharmacokinetic parameter, the intestinal effective permeability (Peff). The publicly available Peff dataset was utilized to develop regression machine learning models. The XGBoost model demonstrates the best test accuracy of R-squared (R2, coefficient of determination) of 0.68. The model is then applied to compute the Peff of asiaticoside and madecassoside, the parent compounds found in Centella asiatica. Subsequently, PBPK modeling was conducted to evaluate the biodistribution of the herbal substances following oral administration in a rat model. The simulation results were evaluated and validated, which agreed with the existing in vivo studies in rats. This in silico pipeline presents a potential approach for investigating the pharmacokinetic parameters and profiles of drugs or herbal substances, which can be used independently or integrated into other modeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Pumkathin
- Department of Sustainable Energy and Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuranan Hanlumyuang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeraphan Laomettachit
- Theoretical and Computational Physics Group, Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science (TaCS-CoE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monrudee Liangruksa
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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3
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Abuhassan Q, Silva MI, Tamimi RAR, Khadra I, Batchelor HK, Pyper K, Halbert GW. A novel simulated media system for in vitro evaluation of bioequivalent intestinal drug solubility. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114302. [PMID: 38657741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Orally administered solid drug must dissolve in the gastrointestinal tract before absorption to provide a systemic response. Intestinal solubility is therefore crucial but difficult to measure since human intestinal fluid (HIF) is challenging to obtain, varies between fasted (Fa) and fed (Fe) states and exhibits inter and intra subject variability. A single simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) cannot reflect HIF variability, therefore current approaches are not optimal. In this study we have compared literature Fa/FeHIF drug solubilities to values measured in a novel in vitro simulated nine media system for either the fasted (Fa9SIF) or fed (Fe9SIF) state. The manuscript contains 129 literature sampled human intestinal fluid equilibrium solubility values and 387 simulated intestinal fluid equilibrium solubility values. Statistical comparison does not detect a difference (Fa/Fe9SIF vs Fa/FeHIF), a novel solubility correlation window enclosed 95% of an additional literature Fa/FeHIF data set and solubility behaviour is consistent with previous physicochemical studies. The Fa/Fe9SIF system therefore represents a novel in vitro methodology for bioequivalent intestinal solubility determination. Combined with intestinal permeability this provides an improved, population based, biopharmaceutical assessment that guides formulation development and indicates the presence of food based solubility effects. This transforms predictive ability during drug discovery and development and may represent a methodology applicable to other multicomponent fluids where no single component is responsible for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Abuhassan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Maria Inês Silva
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Abu-Rajab Tamimi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah K Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Baral KC, Lee SH, Song JG, Jeong SH, Han HK. Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of MT102, a New Anti-Inflammatory Agent, via a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System, in Ulcerative Colitis Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2720. [PMID: 38140061 PMCID: PMC10747691 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MT-102 is a new anti-inflammatory agent derived from Juglans mandshurica and Isatis indigotica. Its therapeutic potential is hindered by low aqueous solubility, impacting its in vivo efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for MT-102 to enhance its oral efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis. Solubility assessment in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants led to a SMEDDS formulation of MT-102 using Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and propylene glycol. Based on a pseudoternary phase diagram, the optimal SMEDDS composition was selected, which consisted of 15% Capmul MCM, 42.5% Tween 80, and 42.5% propylene glycol. The resulting optimized SMEDDS (SMEDDS-F1) exhibited a narrow size distribution (177.5 ± 2.80 nm) and high indirubin content (275 ± 5.58 µg/g, a biomarker). Across an acidic to neutral pH range, SMEDDS-F1 showed rapid and extensive indirubin release, with dissolution rates approximately 15-fold higher than pure MT-102. Furthermore, oral administration of SMEDDS-F1 effectively mitigated inflammatory progression and symptoms in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis, whereas pure MT-102 was ineffective. SMEDDS-F1 minimized body weight loss (less than 5%) without any significant change in colon length and the morphology of colonic tissues, compared to those of the healthy control group. In addition, oral administration of SMEDDS-F1 significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, the SMEDDS-F1 formulation employing Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and propylene glycol (15:42.5:42.5, w/w) enhances the solubility and therapeutic efficacy of MT-102.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ainousah BE, Khadra I, Halbert GW. Excipient Impact on Fenofibrate Equilibrium Solubility in Fasted and Fed Simulated Intestinal Fluids Assessed Using a Design of Experiment Protocol. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2484. [PMID: 37896244 PMCID: PMC10610309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solubility is a critical parameter controlling drug absorption after oral administration. For poorly soluble drugs, solubility is influenced by the complex composition of intestinal media and the influence of dosage form excipients, which can cause bioavailability and bioequivalence issues. This study has applied a small scale design of experiment (DoE) equilibrium solubility approach in order to investigate the impact of excipients on fenofibrate solubility in simulated fasted and fed intestinal media. Seven media parameters (bile salt (BS), phospholipid (PL), fatty acid, monoglyceride, cholesterol, pH and BS/PL ratio) were assessed in the DoE and in excipient-free media, and only pH and sodium oleate in the fasted state had a significant impact on fenofibrate solubility. The impact of excipients were studied at two concentrations, and for polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K12 and K29/32) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, E3 and E50), two grades were studied. Mannitol had no solubility impact in any of the DoE media. PVP significantly increased solubility in a media-, grade- and concentration-dependent manner, with the biggest change in fasted media. HPMC and chitosan significantly reduced solubility in both fasted and fed states in a media-, grade- and concentration-dependent manner. The results indicate that the impact of excipients on fenofibrate solubility is a complex interplay of media composition in combination with their physicochemical properties and concentration. The results indicate that in vitro solubility studies combining the drug of interest, proposed excipients along with suitable simulated intestinal media recipes will provide interesting information with the potential to guide formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan E. Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
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Endres S, Ehrmanntraut S, Endres L, Can K, Kraft C, Rasmussen T, Luxenhofer R, Böttcher B, Engels B, Pöppler AC. Structural Investigation on How Guest Loading of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Micelles Affects the Interaction with Simulated Intestinal Fluids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4821-4830. [PMID: 37441793 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug loading of polymer micelles can have a profound effect on their particle size and morphology as well as their physicochemical properties. In turn, this influences performance in biological environments. For oral delivery of drugs, the intestinal environment is key, and consequently, a thorough structural understanding of what happens at this material-biology interface is required to understand in vivo performance and tailor improved delivery vehicles. In this study, we address this interface in vitro through a detailed structural characterization of the colloidal assemblies of polymeric micelles based on poly(2-oxazolines) with three different guest loadings with the natural product curcumin (17-52 wt %) in fed-state simulated intestinal fluids (FeSSIF). For this, we employ NMR spectroscopy, in particular, 1H NMR, 1H-1H-NOESY, and 1H DOSY experiments complemented by quantum chemical calculations and cryo-TEM measurements. Through this mixture of methods, we identified curcumin-taurocholate interactions as central interaction patterns alongside interactions with the polymer and lipids. Furthermore, curcumin molecules can be exchanged between polymer micelles and bile colloids, an important prerequisite for their uptake. Finally, increased loading of the polymer micelles with curcumin resulted in a larger number of vesicles as taurocholate─through coordination with Cur─is less available to form nanoparticles with the lipids. The loading-dependent behavior found in this study deviates from previous work on a different drug substance highlighting the need for further studies including different drug molecules and polymer types to improve the understanding of events on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Endres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ehrmanntraut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Koray Can
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rasmussen
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Valizadeh H, Mahdinloo S, Zakeri N, Sarfraz M, Nezafat S, Zakeri-Milani P. Investigating the Effect of Basic Amino Acids and Glucosamine on the Solubility of Ibuprofen and Piroxicam. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:532-538. [PMID: 37646059 PMCID: PMC10460801 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Poor aqueous solubility hampers the development of several compounds as pharmacological agents. Hence, preparing novel formulations with augmented absorption is a challenge in pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, we have examined the effect of basic amino acids including arginine (ARG), lysine (LYS), and glucosamine (GlucN) on the solubility of ibuprofen (IBU) and piroxicam (PXM) as drugs with limited solubility. We have also studied the effect of the dissolution media with the pH values 1.2 to 7.4. Methods The saturation shake-flask method was used for solubility studies in the presence of amino acids. Briefly, buffer solutions containing different concentrations of amino acids were prepared. Then, an excess amount of each drug with these buffers was shaken to reach equilibrium. After 48 hours, the upper phase was separated, and solubility was calculated by reading their UV-Vis absorbance. Results The results illustrated that amino acids increased solubility of both drugs with different ratios, which were pH and concentration-dependent. Solubility improved as the amount of amino acids went up, and this upward pattern was more robust with ARG than LYS. The presence of GlucN in citrate buffer significantly enhanced IBU solubility. The solubility of PXM in accompany of GlucN in water did not change significantly while in citrate buffer solubility enhanced specially at pH 6. Conclusion Overall, GlucN in citrate buffer and ARG in phosphate buffer could be introduced as the most suitable media for IBU and PXM solubility improvement, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Zakeri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Nezafat
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Stanciauskaite M, Poskute M, Kurapkiene V, Marksa M, Jakstas V, Ivanauskas L, Kersiene M, Leskauskaite D, Ramanauskiene K. Optimization of Delivery and Bioavailability of Encapsulated Caffeic Acid. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101993. [PMID: 37238812 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid is a widely distributed phenolic acid. It is described in the scientific literature that caffeic acid has poor solubility. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of caffeic acid for better dissolution kinetics when administered orally. During the study, oral capsules of different compositions were modeled. The results of the disintegration test revealed that the excipients affected the disintegration time of the capsules. The excipient hypromellose prolonged the disintegration time and dissolution time of caffeic acid. The dissolution kinetics of caffeic acid from capsules depend on the chosen excipients. P407 was more effective compared to other excipients and positively affected the dissolution kinetics of caffeic acid compared to other excipients. When the capsule contained 25 mg of β-cyclodextrin, 85% of the caffeic acid was released after 60 min. When the capsule contained 25-50 mg poloxamer 407, more than 85.0% of the caffeic acid was released from capsules after 30 min. The research results showed that in order to improve the dissolution kinetics of caffeic acid, one of the important steps is to improve its solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stanciauskaite
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Poskute
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Kurapkiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department Analytical & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department Analytical & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Kersiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Leskauskaite
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliai Avenue 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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9
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Sid ANEH, Kouini B, Bezzekhami MA, Toumi S, Ouchak K, Benfarhat S, Tahraoui H, Kebir M, Amrane A, Assadi AA, Zhang J, Mouni L. Optimization of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Utilized in Water-Based Mud While Drilling. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble polymers are becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as stabilizer fluids and drilling muds. These materials are used as viscosifiers and filtration control agents, flocculants, and deflocculants due to their superior properties in increasing viscosity and gelling ability in the presence of crosslinkers. In general, studying the rheological behavior of drilling fluids is of paramount importance to ensure successful well drilling operations. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is one of the polymers widely used in water-based muds. The main objective of this study is to optimize the rheological properties of drilling muds through a characterization study of various parameters, including rheological behavior, viscosity, temperature (23 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C), salinity using KCl and NaCl contents, aging, pH, solubility, and structural analysis using infrared of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. The study aims to demonstrate the importance of using polymers in drilling muds. The findings revealed that a rate of 3% of HPAM gave better rheological behavior, the influence of KCl (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) was greater than that of NaCl (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) on polymers, and the aging test showed that the different formulations are stable and maintain their behavior up to 110 °C. The solubility test results confirmed the maximum amount absorbed by polyacrylamide ([CHPAM] = 66.42 g/L) in order to avoid aggregation, gelification, and enhance the drilling mud by utilizing the prescribed contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nour El Houda Sid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Médicament et le Développement Durable ReMeDD, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Benalia Kouini
- Laboratory of Coatings, Materials and Environment, M’hamed Bougara University, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Amin Bezzekhami
- Laboratoire Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires, Department of Chemistry, Faculté de Sciences Exactes et de I’Informatique, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria
| | - Selma Toumi
- Faculty of Sciences, Nouveau pole Urbain, Medea University, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Khadidja Ouchak
- Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Boumerdes University, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Sara Benfarhat
- Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Boumerdes University, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Hichem Tahraoui
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares, Medea 26000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Kebir
- Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment (URADTE-CRAPC), BP 384, Bou-Ismail 42000, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR—UMR6226, University Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aymen Amine Assadi
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR—UMR6226, University Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria
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10
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Nagtode V, Cardoza C, Yasin HKA, Mali SN, Tambe SM, Roy P, Singh K, Goel A, Amin PD, Thorat BR, Cruz JN, Pratap AP. Green Surfactants (Biosurfactants): A Petroleum-Free Substitute for Sustainability-Comparison, Applications, Market, and Future Prospects. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11674-11699. [PMID: 37033812 PMCID: PMC10077441 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic molecules (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that are a vital part of nearly every contemporary industrial process such as in agriculture, medicine, personal care, food, and petroleum. In general surfactants can be derived from (i) petroleum-based sources or (ii) microbial/plant origins. Petroleum-based surfactants are obvious results from petroleum products, which lead to petroleum pollution and thus pose severe problems to the environment leading to various ecological damages. Thus, newer techniques have been suggested for deriving surfactant molecules and maintaining environmental sustainability. Biosurfactants are surfactants of microbial or plant origins and offer much added advantages such as high biodegradability, lesser toxicity, ease of raw material availability, and easy applicability. Thus, they are also termed "green surfactants". In this regard, this review focused on the advantages of biosurfactants over the synthetic surfactants produced from petroleum-based products along with their potential applications in different industries. We also provided their market aspects and future directions that can be considered with selections of biosurfactants. This would open up new avenues for surfactant research by overcoming the existing bottlenecks in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi
S. Nagtode
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Clive Cardoza
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Haya Khader Ahmad Yasin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center
of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suraj N. Mali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, India
| | - Srushti M. Tambe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pritish Roy
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kartikeya Singh
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Antriksh Goel
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Purnima D. Amin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Bapu R. Thorat
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College of Arts
and Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431001, India
| | - Jorddy N. Cruz
- Laboratory
of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological
and Health Sciences, Federal University
of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Amit P. Pratap
- Department
of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
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11
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Inês Silva M, Khadra I, Pyper K, Halbert GW. Fed Intestinal Solubility Limits and Distributions Applied to the Developability Classification System. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:74-84. [PMID: 36934829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
For solid oral dosage forms drug solubility in intestinal fluid is an important parameter influencing product performance and bioavailability. Solubility along with permeability are the two parameters applied in the Biopharmaceutics and Developability Classification Systems (DCS) to assess a drug's potential for oral administration. Intestinal solubility varies with the intestinal contents and the differences between the fasted and fed states are recognised to influence solubility and bioavailability. In this study a novel fed state simulated media system comprising of nine media has been utilised to measure the solubility of seven drugs (ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, furosemide, dipyridamole, griseofulvin, paracetamol and acyclovir) previously studied in the fasted state DCS. The results demonstrate that the fed nine media system provides a range of solubility values for each drug and solubility behaviour is consistent with published design of experiment studies conducted in either the fed or fasted state. Three drugs (griseofulvin, paracetamol and acyclovir) exhibit very narrow solubility distributions, a result that matches published behaviour in the fasted state, indicating that this property is not influenced by the concentration of simulated media components. The nine solubility values for each drug can be utilised to calculate a dose/solubility volume ratio to visualise the drug's position on the DCS grid. Due to the derivation of the nine media compositions the range and catergorisation could be considered as bioequivalent and can be combined with the data from the original fed intestinal fluid analysis to provide a population based solubility distribution. This provides further information on the drugs solubility behaviour and could be applied to quality by design formulation approaches. Comparison of the fed results in this study with similar published fasted results highlight that some differences detected match in vivo behaviour in food effect studies. This indicates that a combination of the fed and fasted systems may be a useful in vitro biopharmaceutical performance tool. However, it should be noted that the fed media recipes in this study are based on a liquid meal (Ensure Plus) and this may not be representative of alternative fed states achieved through ingestion of a solid meal. Nevertheless, this novel approach provides greater in vitro detail with respect to possible in vivo biopharmaceutical performance, an improved ability to apply risk-based approaches and the potential to investigate solubility based food effects. The system is therefore worthy of further investigation but studies will be required to expand the number of drugs measured and link the in vitro measurements to in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Silva
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26, Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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12
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Wang F, Sangfuang N, McCoubrey LE, Yadav V, Elbadawi M, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Advancing oral delivery of biologics: Machine learning predicts peptide stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122643. [PMID: 36709014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The oral delivery of peptide therapeutics could facilitate precision treatment of numerous gastrointestinal (GI) and systemic diseases with simple administration for patients. However, the vast majority of licensed peptide drugs are currently administered parenterally due to prohibitive peptide instability in the GI tract. As such, the development of GI-stable peptides is receiving considerable investment. This study provides researchers with the first tool to predict the GI stability of peptide therapeutics based solely on the amino acid sequence. Both unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques were trained on literature-extracted data describing peptide stability in simulated gastric and small intestinal fluid (SGF and SIF). Based on 109 peptide incubations, classification models for SGF and SIF were developed. The best models utilized k-Nearest Neighbor (for SGF) and XGBoost (for SIF) algorithms, with accuracies of 75.1% (SGF) and 69.3% (SIF), and f1 scores of 84.5% (SGF) and 73.4% (SIF) under 5-fold cross-validation. Feature importance analysis demonstrated that peptides' lipophilicity, rigidity, and size were key determinants of stability. These models are now available to those working on the development of oral peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjin Wang
- Intract Pharma Ltd. London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | | | | | - Vipul Yadav
- Intract Pharma Ltd. London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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13
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Paredes da Rocha N, de Souza A, Nishitani Yukuyama M, Lopes Barreto T, de O Macedo L, Löbenberg R, Lima Barros de Araújo G, Ishida K, Araci Bou-Chacra N. Highly water-soluble dapsone nanocrystals: Towards innovative preparations for an undermined drug. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122428. [PMID: 36436741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (DAP)is a dual-function drug substance; however, its limited water solubility may impair its bioavailability. Drug nanocrystals are an alternative to overcome this limitation. Herein, a DAP nanosuspension was prepared using adesign space approach aiming to investigate the influence of raw material properties and process parameters on the critical quality attributes of the drugnanocrystals. Optimized nanocrystals with 206.3 ± 6.7 nm using povacoat™ as stabilizer were made. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and saturation solubility. Compared to the raw material, the nanocrystals were 250-times smaller. Meanwhile, its crystalline state remained basically unchanged even after milling and drying. The nanosuspension successfully maintained its physical stability inlong-termandaccelerated stability studiesover, 4 and 3 months. Furthermore, toxicity studiesshowed low a toxicity at a20 mg/kg. As expected for nanocrystals, the size reduction improvedsaturation solubility3.78 times in water. An attempt to scale up from lab to pilot scale resulted nanocrystals of potential commercial quality. In conclusion, the present study describes the development of dapsone nanocrystals for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases. The nanocrystal formuation can be scaled up for commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiza de O Macedo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kelly Ishida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Polli JE. A Simple One-Parameter Percent Dissolved Versus Time Dissolution Equation that Accommodates Sink and Non-sink Conditions via Drug Solubility and Dissolution Volume. AAPS J 2022; 25:1. [PMID: 36396889 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro dissolution generally involves sink conditions, so dissolution equations generally do not need to accommodate non-sink conditions. Greater use of biorelevant media, which are typically less able to provide sink conditions than pharmaceutical surfactants, necessitates equations that accommodate non-sink conditions. One objective was to derive an integrated, one-parameter dissolution equation for percent dissolved versus time that accommodates non-sink effects via drug solubility and dissolution volume parameters, including incomplete solubility. A second objective was to characterize the novel equation by fitting it to biorelevant dissolution profiles of tablets of two poorly water-soluble drugs, as well as by conducting simulations of the effect of dose on dissolution profile. The Polli dissolution equation was derived, [Formula: see text], where M0 is the drug dose (mg), cs is drug solubility (mg/ml), V is dissolution volume (ml), and kd is dissolution rate coefficient (ml/mg per min). Maximum allowable percent dissolved was determined by drug solubility and not a fitted extent of dissolution parameter. The equation fit tablet profiles in the presence and absence of sink conditions, using a single fitted parameter, kd, and where solubility ranged over a 1000-fold range. kd was generally smaller when cs was larger. FeSSGF provided relatively small kd values, reflecting FeSSGF colloids are large and slowly diffusing. Simulations showed impact of non-sink conditions, as well as plausible kd values for various cs scenarios, in agreement with observed kd values. The equation has advantages over first-order and z-factor dissolution rate equations. An Excel file for regression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Polli
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, N623, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
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15
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Song JG, Noh HM, Lee SH, Han HK. Lipid/Clay-Based Solid Dispersion Formulation for Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112269. [PMID: 36365088 PMCID: PMC9697399 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a lipid/clay-based solid dispersion (LSD) formulation to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble curcumin. Krill oil and aminoclay were used as a lipid and a stabilizer, respectively, and LSD formulations of curcumin were prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method combined with freeze-drying process. Based on the dissolution profiles, the optimal composition of LSD was determined at the weight ratio of curcumin: krill oil: aminoclay of 1:5:5 in the presence of 0.5% of D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate. The structural and morphological characteristics of the LSD formulation were determined using X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Crystalline curcumin was changed to an amorphous form in the LSD formulation. At the pH of acidic to neutral, the LSD formulation showed almost complete drug dissolution (>90%) within 1 h, while pure curcumin exhibited minimal dissolution of less than 10%. Furthermore, the LSD formulation had significantly improved oral absorption of curcumin in rats, where Cmax and AUC of curcumin were 13- and 23-fold higher for the LSD formulation than for the pure drug. Taken together, these findings suggest that the krill oil-based solid dispersion formulation of curcumin effectively improves the dissolution and oral bioavailability of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5217; Fax: +82-31-961-5206
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16
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Kostantini C, Arora S, Söderlind E, Ceulemans J, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of Optimized Human Fecal Material in Simulating the Bacterial Degradation of Sulindac and Sulfinpyrazone in the Lower Intestine. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2542-2548. [PMID: 35729720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of optimized human fecal material in simulating sulforeductase activity in the lower intestine by assessing bacterial degradation of sulindac and sulfinpyrazone, two sulforeductase substrates. The second aim was to evaluate the usefulness of drug degradation half-life generated in simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) in informing PBPK models. Degradation experiments of sulfinpyrazone and of sulindac in SCoB were performed under anaerobic conditions using recently described methods. For sulfinpyrazone, the abundance of clinical data allowed for construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and evaluation of luminal degradation clearance determined from SCoB data. For sulindac, the availability of sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone standards allowed for evaluating the formation of the main metabolite, sulindac sulfide, during the experiments in SCoB. Both model compounds degraded substantially in SCoB. The PBPK model was able to adequately capture exposure of sulfinpyrazone and its sulfide metabolite in healthy subjects, in ileostomy and/or colectomy subjects, and in healthy subjects pretreated with metoclopramide by implementing degradation half-lives in SCoB to calculate intrinsic colon clearance. Degradation rates of sulindac and formation rates of sulindac sulfide in SCoB were almost identical, in line with in vivo data suggesting the sulindac sulfide is the primary metabolite in the lower intestine. Experiments in SCoB were useful in simulating sulforeductase related bacterial degradation activity in the lower intestine. Degradation half-life calculated from experiments in SCoB is proven useful for informing a predictive PBPK model for sulfinpyrazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kostantini
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Sumit Arora
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
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17
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Inês Silva M, Khadra I, Pyper K, Halbert GW. Small scale in vitro method to determine a potential bioequivalent equilibrium solubility range for fed human intestinal fluid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:126-134. [PMID: 35718078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal drug solubility is a key parameter controlling oral absorption but varies both intra and inter individuals and between the fasted and fed states, with food intake known to alter the bioavailability of many compounds. Intestinal solubility can be measured in vitro either using sampled fed human intestinal fluid (FeHIF) or simulated fed intestinal fluid (SIF) but neither approach is optimal. FeHIF is difficult to obtain and variable, whilst for fed SIF multiple recipes are available with no consensus on the ideal version. A recent study characterised FeHIF aspirates using a multidimensional approach and calculated nine simulated media recipes that covered over ninety percent of FeHIF compositional variability. In this study the equilibrium solubility of thirteen drugs have been measured using the nine simulated media recipes and compared to multiple previous design of experiment (DoE) studies, which have examined the impact of fed SIF media components on solubility. The measured nine media solubility data set is only statistically equivalent to the large scale 92 media DoE in 4 out of 13 drug comparisons, but has improved equivalence against small scale DoEs (9 or 10 media) with 6 out of 9 or 10 out of 12 (9 and 10 media respectively) equivalent. Selective removal of non-biorelevant compositions from the 92 media DoE improves statistical equivalence to 9 out of 13 comparisons. The results indicate that solubility equivalence is linked to media component concentrations and compositions, the nine media system is measuring a similar solubility space to previous systems, with a narrower solubility range than the 92 point DoE but equivalent to smaller DoE systems. Phenytoin and tadalafil display a narrow solubility range, a behaviour consistent with previous studies in fed and fasted states and only revealed through the multiple media approach. Custom DoE analysis of the nine media results to determine the most statistically significant component influencing solubility does not detect significant components. Indicating that the approach has a low statistical resolution and is not appropriate if determination of media component significance is required. This study demonstrates that it is possible to assess the fed intestinal equilibrium solubility envelope using the nine media recipes obtained from a multi-dimensional analysis of fed HIF. The derivation of the nine media compositions coupled with the results in this study indicate that the solubility results are more likely to reflect the fed intestinal solubility envelope than previous DoE studies and highlight that the system is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Silva
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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18
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Jamil R, Polli JE. Prediction of In Vitro Drug Dissolution into Fed-state Biorelevant Media: Contributions of Solubility Enhancement and Relatively Low Colloid Diffusivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106179. [PMID: 35367356 PMCID: PMC9850292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A model was previously derived to predict in vitro dissolution of drug into surfactant solution and showed good predictability for pharmaceutical surfactants, where surfactant-mediated enhanced drug dissolution was several fold less than enhanced solubility (about 3-fold or less) due to drug-loaded micelles exhibiting slower diffusivity than free drug. The present objective was to quantitatively assess the contributions of biorelevant media-mediated solubility and diffusivity on enhanced drug dissolution in FeSSGF and FeSSIF-V2. Three poorly water soluble drugs were subjected to dissolution into FeSSGF and FeSSIF-V2, as well as their corresponding "surfactant-free" media. Solubility and laser diffraction analysis of drug in FeSSGF and dynamic light-scattering studies (DLS) of drug in FeSSIF-V2 were conducted. Results showed drug-saturated FeSSGF globules and FeSSIF-V2 mixed micelles were large and slow diffusing (diffusivities of about 1×10-9 and 7×10-8 cm2/s, respectively), compared to free drug (about 7×10-6 cm2/s) and drug-bound micelles from pharmaceutical surfactants (about 0.5-1×10-6 cm2/s). Of the three drugs, griseofulvin exhibited the greatest biorelevant media-enhanced solubility and dissolution (652-fold and 6.23-fold respectively in FeSSGF, and 190-fold and 12.7-fold respectively in FeSSIF-V2), but slow colloid diffusivity markedly attenuated large solubility benefits, particularly in FeSSGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeb Jamil
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James E. Polli
- University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Corresponding author.
(James E. Polli)
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19
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Abuhassan Q, Khadra I, Pyper K, Augustijns P, Brouwers J, Halbert GW. Structured solubility behaviour in bioequivalent fasted simulated intestinal fluids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:108-121. [PMID: 35605926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug solubility in intestinal fluid is a key parameter controlling absorption after the administration of a solid oral dosage form. To measure solubility in vitro simulated intestinal fluids have been developed, but there are multiple recipes and the optimum is unknown. This situation creates difficulties during drug discovery and development research. A recent study characterised sampled fasted intestinal fluids using a multidimensional approach to derive nine bioequivalent fasted intestinal media that covered over 90% of the compositional variability. These media have been applied in this study to examine the equilibrium solubility of twenty one exemplar drugs (naproxen, indomethacin, phenytoin, zafirlukast, piroxicam, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, furosemide, aprepitant, carvedilol, tadalafil, dipyridamole, posaconazole, atazanavir, fenofibrate, felodipine, griseofulvin, probucol, paracetamol, acyclovir and carbamazepine) to determine if consistent solubility behaviour was present. The bioequivalent media provide in the majority of cases structured solubility behaviour that is consistent with physicochemical properties and previous solubility studies. For the acidic drugs (pKa < 6.3) solubility is controlled by media pH, the profile is identical and consistent and the lowest and highest pH media identify the lowest and highest solubility in over 70% of cases. For weakly acidic (pKa > 8), basic and neutral drugs solubility is controlled by a combination of media pH and total amphiphile concentration (TAC), a consistent solubility behaviour is evident but with variation related to individual drug interactions within the media. The lowest and highest pH x TAC media identify the lowest and highest solubility in over 78% of cases. A subset of the latter category consisting of neutral and drugs non-ionised in the media pH range have been identified with a very narrow solubility range, indicating that the impact of the simulated intestinal media on their solubility is minimal. Two drugs probucol and atazanavir exhibit unusual behaviour. The study indicates that the use of two appropriate bioequivalent fasted intestinal media from the nine will identify in vitro the maximum and minimum solubility boundaries for drugs and due to the media derivation this is probably applicable in vivo. These media could be applied during discovery and development activities to provide a solubility range, which would assist placement of the drug within the BCS/DCS and rationalise drug and formulation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Abuhassan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Jamil R, Polli JE. Prediction of In Vitro Drug Dissolution into Fasted-state Biorelevant Media: Contributions of Solubility Enhancement and Relatively Low Colloid Diffusivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hajjar B, Zuo J, Park C, Azarmi S, Silva DA, Bou-Chacra NA, Löbenberg R. In Vitro Evaluation of a Foamable Microemulsion Towards an Improved Topical Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:102. [PMID: 35378669 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical microemulsion (ME) might provide a novel and advanced transdermal delivery system due to the enhances of drug solubility and permeability across the stratum corneum. Foams are topical delivery systems that have excellent patient compliance, acceptability, and preference. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate a foamable microemulsion as an alternative topical and transdermal dosage form for diclofenac sodium (DS). The physicochemical properties (optical clarity, percentage transmittance, homogeneity, consistency of formulation, particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, viscosity, and morphology, etc.) of the DS-loaded ME were investigated. The foam stability of both drug-free ME and DS-loaded ME was measured. The foam quality was evaluated, and the chemical stability over 90 days was determined. Franz diffusion cells were employed to assess the in vitro drug release of a foamed DS-loaded ME and compared with a commercial topical product. A foamable and stable DS-loaded ME that maintained small particle sizes and constant zeta potential and was transparent and translucent in appearance after 90 days was successfully produced. The foam of the DS-loaded ME was physically more stable compared to the drug-free foam. The foam had an increased drug release rate compared to the commercial product. The foamable DS-loaded ME has a great potential to enhance the transdermal delivery of DS after topical administration. Foamed DS-loaded ME is a promising alternative to the current topical formulation of DS.
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Ye D, López Mármol Á, Lenz V, Muschong P, Wilhelm-Alkubaisi A, Weinheimer M, Koziolek M, Sauer KA, Laplanche L, Mezler M. Mucin-Protected Caco-2 Assay to Study Drug Permeation in the Presence of Complex Biorelevant Media. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040699. [PMID: 35456533 PMCID: PMC9032137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor solubility and permeability of compounds beyond Lipinski’s Rule of Five (bRo5) are major challenges for cell-based permeability assays. Due to their incompatibility with gastrointestinal components in biorelevant media, the exploration of important questions addressing food effects is limited. Thus, we established a robust mucin-protected Caco-2 assay to allow the assessment of drug permeation in complex biorelevant media. To do that, the assay conditions were first optimized with dependence of the concentration of porcine mucin added to the cells. Mucin-specific effects on drug permeability were evaluated by analyzing cell permeability values for 15 reference drugs (BCS class I–IV). Secondly, a sigmoidal relationship between mucin-dependent permeability and fraction absorbed in human (fa) was established. A case study with venetoclax (BCS class IV) was performed to investigate the impact of medium complexity and the prandial state on drug permeation. Luminal fluids obtained from the tiny-TIM system showed a higher solubilization capacity for venetoclax, and a better read-out for the drug permeability, as compared to FaSSIF or FeSSIF media. In conclusion, the mucin-protected Caco-2 assay combined with biorelevant media improves the mechanistic understanding of drug permeation and addresses complex biopharmaceutical questions, such as food effects on oral drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Álvaro López Mármol
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (Á.L.M.); (V.L.); (M.K.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Verena Lenz
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (Á.L.M.); (V.L.); (M.K.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Patricia Muschong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Anita Wilhelm-Alkubaisi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Manuel Weinheimer
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (Á.L.M.); (V.L.); (M.K.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Kerstin A. Sauer
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (Á.L.M.); (V.L.); (M.K.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Loic Laplanche
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Mario Mezler
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics—Bioanalytical Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; (D.Y.); (P.M.); (A.W.-A.); (M.W.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Endres S, Karaev E, Hanio S, Schlauersbach J, Kraft C, Rasmussen T, Luxenhofer R, Böttcher B, Meinel L, Pöppler AC. Concentration and composition dependent aggregation of Pluronic- and Poly-(2-oxazolin)-Efavirenz formulations in biorelevant media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1179-1192. [PMID: 34487937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs and drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. Intestinal fluids play an important role in their solubilization. However, the interactions of intestinal fluids with polymer excipients, drugs and their formulations are not fully understood. Here, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), complemented by cryo-TEM were employed to address this. Efavirenz (EFV) as model drug, the triblock copolymers Pluronic® F-127 (PF127) and poly(2-oxazoline) based pMeOx-b-pPrOzi-b-pMeOx (pOx/pOzi) and their respective formulations were studied in simulated fed-state intestinal fluid (FeSSIF). For the individual polymers, the bile interfering nature of PF127 was confirmed and pure pOx/pOzi was newly classified as non-interfering. A different and more complex behaviour was however observed if EFV was involved. PF127/EFV formulations in FeSSIF showed concentration dependent aggregation with separate colloids at low formulation concentrations, a merging of individual particles at the solubility limit of EFV in FeSSIF and joint aggregates above this concentration. In the case of pOx/pOzi/EFV formulations, coincident diffusion coefficients for pOx/pOzi, lipids and EFV indicate joint aggregates across the studied concentration range. This demonstrates that separate evaluation of polymers and drugs in biorelevant media is not sufficient and their mixtures need to be studied to learn about concentration and composition dependent behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Endres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Simon Hanio
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jonas Schlauersbach
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Tim Rasmussen
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Helsinki University, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Biology (HIRI), Wuerzburg DE-97070, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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Fasted Intestinal Solubility Limits and Distributions Applied to the Biopharmaceutics and Developability Classification Systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 170:160-169. [PMID: 34923138 PMCID: PMC8769049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After oral administration, a drug’s solubility in intestinal fluid is an important parameter influencing bioavailability and if the value is known it can be applied to estimate multiple biopharmaceutical parameters including the solubility limited absorbable dose. Current in vitro measurements may utilise fasted human intestinal fluid (HIF) or simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) to provide an intestinal solubility value. This single point value is limited since its position in relation to the fasted intestinal solubility envelope is unknown. In this study we have applied a nine point fasted equilibrium solubility determination in SIF, based on a multi-dimensional analysis of fasted human intestinal fluid composition, to seven drugs that were previously utilised to investigate the developability classification system (ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, furosemide, dipyridamole, griseofulvin, paracetamol and acyclovir). The resulting fasted equilibrium solubility envelope encompasses literature solubility values in both HIF and SIF indicating that it measures the same solubility space as current approaches with solubility behaviour consistent with previous SIF design of experiment studies. In addition, it identifies that three drugs (griseofulvin, paracetamol and acyclovir) have a very narrow solubility range, a feature that single point solubility approaches would miss. The measured mid-point solubility value is statistically equivalent to the value determined with the original fasted simulated intestinal fluid recipe, further indicating similarity and that existing literature results could be utilised as a direct comparison. Since the multi-dimensional approach covered greater than ninety percent of the variability in fasted intestinal fluid composition, the measured maximum and minimum equilibrium solubility values should represent the extremes of fasted intestinal solubility and provide a range. The seven drugs all display different solubility ranges and behaviours, a result also consistent with previous studies. The dose/solubility ratio for each measurement point can be plotted using the developability classification system to highlight individual drug behaviours. The lowest solubility represents a worst-case scenario which may be useful in risk-based quality by design biopharmaceutical calculations than the mid-point value. The method also permits a dose/solubility ratio frequency distribution determination for the solubility envelope which permits further risk-based refinement, especially where the drug crosses a classification boundary. This novel approach therefore provides greater in vitro detail with respect to possible biopharmaceutical performance in vivo and an improved ability to apply risk-based analysis to biopharmaceutical performance. Further studies will be required to expand the number of drugs measured and link the in vitro measurements to in vivo results.
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O'Farrell C, Stamatopoulos K, Simmons M, Batchelor H. In vitro models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113924. [PMID: 34390774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Orally ingestible medical devices offer significant opportunity in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal conditions. Their development necessitates the use of models that simulate the gastrointestinal environment on both a macro and micro scale. An evolution in scientific technology has enabled a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models to be developed that replicate the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the landscape of the existing range of in vitro tools that are available to characterize ingestible devices. Models are presented with details on their benefits and limitations with regards to the evaluation of ingestible devices and examples of their use in the evaluation of such devices is presented where available. The multitude of models available provides a suite of tools that can be used in the evaluation of ingestible devices that should be selected on the functionality of the device and the mechanism of its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O'Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mark Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Simulate SubQ: The Methods and the Media. J Pharm Sci 2021; 112:1492-1508. [PMID: 34728176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, there has been a growing interest in injectable subcutaneous formulations to improve the absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation and to prolong their release over a longer period. However, fluctuations in the blood plasma levels together with bioavailability issues often limit their clinical success. This warrants a closer look at the performance of long-acting depots, for example, and their dependence on the complex interplay between the dosage form and the physiological microenvironment. For this, biopredictive performance testing is used for a thorough understanding of the biophysical processes affecting the absorption of compounds from the injection site in vivo and their simulation in vitro. In the present work, we discuss in vitro methodologies including methods and media developed for the subcutaneous route of administration on the background of the most relevant absorption mechanisms. Also, we highlight some important knowledge gaps and shortcomings of the existing methodologies to provide the reader with a better understanding of the scientific evidence underlying these models.
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Guimarães M, Kuentz M, Vertzoni M, Fotaki N. Evaluating pediatric and adult simulated fluids solubility: Abraham solvation parameters and multivariate analysis. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1889-1896. [PMID: 34697725 PMCID: PMC8688383 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand drug solubilization as a function of age and identify drugs at risk of altered drug solubility in pediatric patients. To assess the discrimination ability of the Abraham solvation parameters and age-related changes in simulated media composition to predict in vitro drug solubility differences between pediatric and adult gastrointestinal conditions by multivariate data analysis. METHODS Differences between drug solubility in pediatric and adult biorelevant media were expressed as a % pediatric-to-adult ratio [Sp/Sa (%)]. Solubility ratios of fourteen poorly water-soluble drugs (2 amphoteric; 4 weak acids; 4 weak bases; 4 neutral compounds) were used in the analysis. Partial Least Squares Regression was based on Abraham solvation parameters and age-related changes in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, as well as their interactions, to predict the pediatric-to-adult solubility ratio. RESULTS The use of Abraham solvation parameters was useful as a theory-informed set of molecular predictors of drug solubility changes between pediatric and adult simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Our findings suggest that the molecular solvation environment in the fasted gastric state was similar in the pediatric age-groups studied, which led to fewer differences in the pediatric-to-adult solubility ratio. In the intestinal fasted and fed state, there was a high relative contribution of the physiologically relevant surfactants to the alteration of drug solubility in the pediatric simulated conditions compared to the adult ones, which confirms the importance of an age-appropriate composition in biorelevant media. CONCLUSION Statistical models based on Abraham solvation parameters were applied mostly to better understand drug solubility differences in adult and pediatric biorelevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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O'Dwyer PJ, Box KJ, Imanidis G, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. On the usefulness of four in vitro methods in assessing the intraluminal performance of poorly soluble, ionisable compounds in the fasted state. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106034. [PMID: 34628003 PMCID: PMC8665220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A small-scale two-stage biphasic system, a small-scale two-stage dissolution-permeation system, the Erweka mini-paddle apparatus, and the BioGIT system were evaluated for their usefulness in assessing the intraluminal performance of two low solubility drugs in the fasted state, one with weakly acidic properties (tested in a salt form, diclofenac potassium) and one with weakly alkaline properties [ritonavir, tested as an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation]. In all in vitro methods, an immediate-release tablet and a powder formulation of diclofenac potassium were both rapidly dissolved in Level II biorelevant media simulating the conditions in the upper small intestine. Physiologically based biopharmaceutics (PBB) modelling for the tablet formulation resulted in a successful simulation of the average plasma profile in adults, whereas for the powder formulation modelling indicated that gastric emptying and transport through the intestinal epithelium limit the absorption rates. Detailed information on the behaviour of the ritonavir ASD formulation under both simulated gastric and upper small intestinal conditions were crucial for understanding the luminal performance. PBB modelling showed that the dissolution and precipitation parameters, estimated from the Erweka mini-paddle apparatus data and the small-scale two-stage biphasic system data, respectively, were necessary to adequately simulate the average plasma profile after administration of the ritonavir ASD formulation. Simulation of the gastrointestinal transfer process from the stomach to the small intestine was necessary to evaluate the effects of hypochlorhydric conditions on the luminal performance of the ritonavir ASD formulation. Based on this study, the selection of the appropriate in vitro method for evaluating the intraluminal performance of ionisable lipophilic drugs depends on the characteristics of the drug substance. The results suggest that for (salts of) acidic drugs (e.g., diclofenac potassium) it is only an issue of availability and ease of operation of the apparatus. For weakly alkaline substances (e.g., ritonavir), the results indicate that the dynamic dissolution process needs to be simulated, with the type of requested information (e.g., dissolution parameters, precipitation parameters, luminal concentrations) being key for selecting the most appropriate method. Regardless of the ionisation characteristics, early in the drug development process the use of small-scale systems may be inevitable, due to the limited quantities of drug substance available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J O'Dwyer
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- University of Applied Sciences Northwest. Switzerland. School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.
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Abuhassan Q, Khadra I, Pyper K, Halbert GW. Small scale in vitro method to determine a bioequivalent equilibrium solubility range for fasted human intestinal fluid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 168:90-96. [PMID: 34419602 PMCID: PMC8491656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug solubility is a key parameter controlling oral absorption, but intestinal solubility is difficult to assess in vitro. Human intestinal fluid (HIF) aspirates can be applied but they are variable, difficult to obtain and expensive. Simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) are a useful surrogate but multiple recipes are available and the optimum is unknown. A recent study characterised fasted HIF aspirates using a multi-dimensional approach and determined nine bioequivalent SIF media recipes that represented over ninety percent of HIF compositional variability. In this study these recipes have been applied to determine the equilibrium solubility of twelve drugs (naproxen, indomethacin, phenytoin, piroxicam, aprepitant, carvedilol, zafirlukast, tadalafil, fenofibrate, griseofulvin, felodipine, probucol) previously investigated using a statistical design of experiment (DoE) approach. The bioequivalent solubility measurements are statistically equivalent to the previous DoE, enclose literature solubility values in both fasted HIF and SIF, and the solubility range is less than the previous DoE. These results indicate that the system is measuring the same solubility space as literature systems with the lower overall range suggesting improved equivalence to in vivo solubility, when compared to DoEs. Three drugs (phenytoin, tadalafil and griseofulvin) display a comparatively narrow solubility range, a behaviour that is consistent with previous studies and related to the drugs' molecular structure and properties. This solubility behaviour would not be evident with single point solubility measurements. The solubility results can be analysed using a custom DoE to determine the most statistically significant factor within the media influencing solubility. This approach has a lower statistical resolution than a formal DoE and is not appropriate if determination of media factor significance for solubilisation is required. This study demonstrates that it is possible to assess the fasted intestinal equilibrium solubility envelope using a small number of bioequivalent media recipes obtained from a multi-dimensional analysis of fasted HIF. The derivation of the nine bioequivalent SIF media coupled with the lower measured solubility range indicate that the solubility results are more likely to reflect the fasted intestinal solubility envelope than previous DoE studies and highlight that intestinal solubility is a range and not a single value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Abuhassan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Enhanced Bioavailability of AC1497, a Novel Anticancer Drug Candidate, via a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081142. [PMID: 34452103 PMCID: PMC8398171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AC1497 is an effective dual inhibitor of malate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 targeting cancer metabolism. However, its poor aqueous solubility results in low bioavailability, limiting its clinical development. This study was conducted to develop an effective self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of AC1497 to improve its oral absorption. Based on the solubility of AC1497 in various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, Capryol 90, Kolliphor RH40, and Transcutol HP were selected as the components of SNEDDS. After testing various weight ratios of Capryol 90 (20–30%), Kolliphor RH40 (35–70%), and Transcutol HP (10–35%), SNEDDS-F4 containing 20% Capryol 90, 45% Kolliphor RH40, and 35% Transcutol HP was identified as an optimal SNEDDS with a narrow size distribution (17.8 ± 0.36 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (93.6 ± 2.28%). Drug release from SNEDDS-F4 was rapid, with approximately 80% of AC1497 release in 10 min while the dissolution of the drug powder was minimal (<2%). Furthermore, SNEDDS-F4 significantly improved the oral absorption of AC1497 in rats. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve of AC1497 were, respectively 6.82- and 3.14-fold higher for SNEDDS-F4 than for the drug powder. In conclusion, SNEDDS-F4 with Capryol 90, Kolliphor RH40, and Transcutol HP (20:45:35, w/w) effectively improves the solubility and oral absorption of AC1497.
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Effect of carrier type and Tween® 80 concentration on the release of silymarin from amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Recent Advances in Dissolution Testing and Their Use to Improve In Vitro–In Vivo Correlations in Oral Drug Formulations. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bose S, Sharma P, Mishra V, Patial S, Saraogi GK, Tambuwala MM, Dua K. Comparative in vitro evaluation of glimepiride containing nanosuspension drug delivery system developed by different techniques. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Amasya G, Ergin AD, Erkan Cakirci O, Ozçelikay AT, Sezgin Bayindir Z, Yuksel N. A study to enhance the oral bioavailability of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe): SLN and SLN nanocomposite particles. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 237:105086. [PMID: 33930379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous molecule, S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) is a key factor due to its role in the methylation cycle and modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission. Since many mental disorders have linked to the monoaminergic system, the level of SAMe in blood and cerebrospinal fluid is important in the treatment of major depression. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared in order to increase the limited oral bioavailability of SAMe, and SLN based nanocomposite particles (SAMe-SLN-NC) were further developed using an enteric polymer for passive targeting of intestinal lymphatic system. In this manner, it was also aimed to protect SAMe loaded SLN from harsh gastric environment as well as hepatic first-pass metabolism. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of SLN was performed, drug content was measured, SAMe release patterns were examined and the permeation ability of SAMe was investigated by the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) to characterize SAMe loaded SLN formulation. According to the PAMPA results, SAMe-SLN with the average particle size of 242 nm showed enhanced SAMe permeability in comparison to pure drug. Delayed drug release obtained by SLN nanocomposite particles indicated the protection of drug-loaded SLN in the acidic gastric medium and their intact presence in the intestine. SAMe solution or particle suspensions were prepared using 0.45 (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution to be applied to groups of animals for pharmacokinetic studies. In vivo pharmacokinetic parameters revealed enhancement in relative bioavailability of SAMe upon oral administration of SLN based formulations. This was attributed to intact absorption of lipid matrix through lymphatic path. A statistically significant increase in SAMe plasma levels was obtained at 15th and 30th minutes with SAMe-SLN and at 2nd and 4th hours with SAMe-SLN-NC. Overall results suggest that SLN is a promising carrier to passive lymphatic targeting of SAMe and novel SLN nanocomposite particles which presented efficient oral bioavailability is a potential way for oral delivery of SAMe and treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulin Amasya
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Dogan Ergin
- Trakya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
| | | | - Arif Tanju Ozçelikay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zerrin Sezgin Bayindir
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nilufer Yuksel
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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Yang Y, Lv Y, Shen C, Shi T, He H, Qi J, Dong X, Zhao W, Lu Y, Wu W. In vivo dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs: Proof of concept based on fluorescence bioimaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1056-1068. [PMID: 33996417 PMCID: PMC8105772 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro‒in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of solid dosage forms should be established basically between in vitro and in vivo dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Nevertheless, in vivo dissolution profiles have never been accurately portrayed. The current practice of IVIVC has to resort to in vivo absorption fractions (Fa). In this proof-of-concept study, in vivo dissolution of a model poorly water-soluble drug fenofibrate (FNB) was investigated by fluorescence bioimaging. FNB crystals were first labeled by near-infrared fluorophores with aggregation-caused quenching properties. The dyes illuminated FNB crystals but quenched immediately and absolutely once been released into aqueous media, enabling accurate monitoring of residual drug crystals. The linearity established between fluorescence and crystal concentration justified reliable quantification of FNB crystals. In vitro dissolution was first measured following pharmacopoeia monograph protocols with well-documented IVIVC. The synchronicity between fluorescence and in vitro dissolution of FNB supported using fluorescence as a measure for determination of dissolution. In vitro dissolution correlated well with in vivo dissolution, acquired by either live or ex vivo imaging. The newly established IVIVC was further validated by correlating both in vitro and in vivo dissolution with Fa obtained from pharmacokinetic data.
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Hamed R, Kamal A. Strength-Dependent and Strength-Independent Dissolution Patterns of Poorly-Soluble Drugs. Case Example: Valsartan. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A novel delivery system for enhancing bioavailability of S-adenosyl-l-methionine: Pectin nanoparticles-in-microparticles and their in vitro - in vivo evaluation'. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Repin IA, Loebenberg R, DiBella J, Conceição ACL, Minas da Piedade ME, Ferraz HG, Issa MG, Bou-Chacra NA, Ermida CFM, de Araujo GLB. Exploratory Study on Lercanidipine Hydrochloride Polymorphism: pH-Dependent Solubility Behavior and Simulation of its Impact on Pharmacokinetics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:54. [PMID: 33475891 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes an exploratory experimental and in silico study of the influence of polymorphism, particle size, and physiology on the pharmacokinetics of lercanidipine hydrochloride (LHC). Equilibrium and kinetic solubility studies were performed on LHC forms I and II, as a function of pH and buffer composition. GastroPlus® was used to evaluate the potential effect of solubility differences due to polymorphism, particle size, and physiological conditions, on the drug pharmacokinetics. The results indicated that solubilities of LHC polymorphs are strongly dependent on the composition and pH of the buffer media. The concentration ratio (CI/CII) is particularly large for chloride buffer (CI/CII = 3.3-3.9) and exhibits a slightly decreasing tendency with the pH increase for all other buffers. Based on solubility alone, a higher bioavailability of form I might be expected. However, exploratory PBPK simulations suggested that (i) under usual fasted (pH 1.3) and fed (pH 4.9) gastric conditions, the two polymorphs have similar bioavailability, regardless of the particle size; (ii) at high gastric pH in the fasted state (e.g., pH 3.0), the bioavailability of form II can be considerably lower than that of form I, unless the particle size is < 20 μm. This study demonstrates the importance of investigating the effect of the buffer nature when evaluating the solubility of ionizable polymorphic substances. It also showcases the benefits of using PBPK simulations, to assess the risk and pharmacokinetic relevance of different solubility and particle size between crystal forms, for diverse physiological conditions.
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Amaral Silva D, Davies NM, Doschak MR, Al-Gousous J, Bou-Chacra N, Löbenberg R. Mechanistic understanding of underperforming enteric coated products: Opportunities to add clinical relevance to the dissolution test. J Control Release 2020; 325:323-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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40
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Study on Solubilization and Stabilization of Eight Flavonoids by 17 Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6235284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active components of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) because of their many biological activities. We studied the interaction between 17 polysaccharides and eight flavonoids via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the effect of the interactions on the solubility and stability of the flavonoids. The effect of the polysaccharides on the solubility of flavonoids was analyzed by statistical methods and showed significant solubility improvements. The constant temperature acceleration method (90°C/pH 9 buffer solution) was used to measure the degradation kinetics and half-life of flavonoids with and without polysaccharides. All the polysaccharides displayed a stabilizing effect on all eight flavonoids. The stabilizing effects varied in the order: quercetin, baicalein > baicalin > galuteolin > daidzin > rutin > luteolin > daidzien. The phase-solubility method was applied to quercetin and baicalein to study the mechanism of action of the polysaccharides. It appeared that the two flavonoids could form 1 : 1 inclusion complexes with polysaccharides, which may be one of the factors increasing solubility and stability. These findings increase our understanding of the role of endogenous polysaccharides in TCM in improving the stability and bioavailability of bioactive flavonoids.
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Pyper K, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Khadra I, Dunn C, Wilson CG, Halbert GW. Multidimensional analysis of human intestinal fluid composition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:226-240. [PMID: 32585351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of solid dosage forms is the commonest method to achieve systemic therapy and relies on the drug's solubility in human intestinal fluid (HIF), a key factor that influences bioavailability and biopharmaceutical classification. However, HIF is difficult to obtain and is known to be variable, which has led to the development of a range of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) systems to determine drug solubility in vitro. In this study we have applied a novel multidimensional approach to analyse and characterise HIF composition using a published data set in both fasted and fed states with a view to refining the existing SIF approaches. The data set provided 152 and 172 measurements of five variables (total bile salt, phospholipid, total free fatty acid, cholesterol and pH) in time-dependent HIF samples from 20 volunteers in the fasted and fed state, respectively. The variable data sets for both fasted state and fed state are complex, do not follow normal distributions but the amphiphilic variable concentrations are correlated. When plotted 2-dimensionally a generally ellipsoid shaped data cloud with a positive slope is revealed with boundaries that enclose published fasted or fed HIF compositions. The data cloud also encloses the majority of fasted state and fed state SIF recipes and illustrates that the structured nature of design of experiment (DoE) approaches does not optimally cover the variable space and may examine media compositions that are not biorelevant. A principal component analysis in either fasted or fed state in combination with fitting an ellipsoid shape to enclose the data results in 8 points that capture over 95% of the compositional variability of HIF. The variable's average rate of concentration change in both fasted state and fed state over a short time scale (10 min) is zero and a Euclidean analysis highlights differences between the fasted and fed states and among individual volunteers. The results indicate that a 9-point DoE (8 + 1 central point) could be applied to investigate drug solubility in vitro and provide statistical solubility limits. In addition, a single point could provide a worst-case solubility measurement to define the lowest biopharmaceutical classification boundary or for use during drug development. This study has provided a novel description of HIF composition. The approach could be expanded in multiple ways by incorporation of further data sets to improve the statistical coverage or to cover specific patient groups (e.g., paediatric). Further development might also be possible to analyse information on the time dependent behaviour of HIF and to guide HIF sampling and analysis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Pyper
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, ON2, Herestraat 49 Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - C Dunn
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - C G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - G W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Bukhovets AV, Fotaki N, Khutoryanskiy VV, Moustafine RI. Interpolymer Complexes of Eudragit ® Copolymers as Novel Carriers for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071459. [PMID: 32629765 PMCID: PMC7407155 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpolymer complexes (IPC) based on Eudragit® EPO and Eudragit® S100 were investigated as potential carriers for oral controlled drug delivery to the colon. IPC samples were prepared by mixing copolymer solutions in organic solvents (ethanol, isopropanol:acetone mixture (60:40, % v/v) and tetrahydrofuran). According to the data of elemental analysis, FTIR-spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal analysis these IPCs have excess of anionic copolymer (Eudragit® S100) in their structure; they are stabilized by hydrogen and ionic intermacromolecular bonds and do not include free copolymer domains. IPC have pH-independent swelling properties in the media mimicking gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions and provide colon-specific delivery of indomethacin in buffer solutions (pH 1.2; 5.8; 6.8; 7.4) and in biorelevant media (fasted state simulated gastric fluid, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid—version 2 and fasted stated simulated colonic fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Bukhovets
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG66AD, UK
| | - Rouslan I. Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.B.); (V.V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-843-252-1642
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Miranda-Pérez de Alejo C, Aceituno Álvarez A, Mendes Lima Santos G, Fernández Cervera M, Jung-Cook H, Cabrera-Pérez MÁ. Policy of Multisource Drug Products in Latin America: Opportunities and Challenges on the Application of Bioequivalence In Vitro Assays. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 55:65-81. [PMID: 32602028 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replacement of traditional in vivo bioequivalence studies by in vitro dissolution assays, based on the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), has emerged as an important tool for demonstrating the interchangeability of multisource products. This paper summarizes the current implementation of the BCS-based biowaiver for the development of multisource products in Latin America, and identifies several challenges and opportunities for greater convergence and application of BCS regulatory requirements. METHODS Differences and similarities between the current BCS-based biowaivers' guidelines proposed by two relevant regulatory agencies for the Latin American region (FDA and WHO) and the new ICH harmonization guideline were identified and compared. An update of the BCS-based biowaiver guideline for Latin American countries was also considered, based on the respective regulatory information on bioequivalence studies, which is publicly available. RESULTS About 50% of the Latin American countries analyzed have no information on the implementation of any bioequivalence standards, while in the countries where bioequivalence studies are considered, the acceptance and application of BCS-based biowaiver requirements is quite heterogeneous. This situation contrasts with the international trend of global harmonization for BCS-based biowaiver guidance, suggesting the need in Latin America to identify opportunities and overcome challenges to improve the development of BCS-based biowaivers to avoid costly and time-consuming in vivo bioequivalence studies. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the region is in a position to improve access to safe and effective medicines at a reasonable cost by applying BCS-based biowaiver guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miranda-Pérez de Alejo
- Unit of Modeling and Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Chemical Bioactive, Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, 54830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Alexis Aceituno Álvarez
- ANAMED Department, Institute of Public Health, Chile and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gustavo Mendes Lima Santos
- General Office of Medicines and Biological Products, Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry Faculty, UNAM, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cabrera-Pérez
- Unit of Modeling and Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Chemical Bioactive, Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, 54830, Santa Clara, Cuba.
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Shah HS, Sardhara R, Nahar K, Xu T, Delvadia P, Siddiqui A, Gao Z, Selen A, Morris K. Development and Validation of Sample Preparation and an HPLC Analytical Method for Dissolution Testing in Fed-State Simulated Gastric Fluid-Illustrating Its Application for Ibuprofen and Ketoconazole Immediate Release Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:172. [PMID: 32533366 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution testing and solubility determinations in different biorelevant media have gained considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry from early-stage development of new products to forecasting bioequivalence. Among all biorelevant fluids, the preparation of fed-state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF) and handling of samples from dissolution/solubility testing in FeSSGF is considered to be relatively challenging. Challenges include maintaining the stability of FeSSGF medium upon sampling, filtration, and mitigating analytical interference of excipients and milk components. To overcome these challenges, standard and uniform working practices are required that are not only helpful in preparation of stable FeSSGF but also serve as a harmonizing guide for the collection of dissolution/solubility samples and their subsequent processing (i.e., handling and assay). The optimization of sample preparation methodology is crucial to reduce method-related variance by ensuring specificity, robustness, and reproducibility with acceptable recovery of the analytes. The sample preparation methodology includes a combination of techniques including filtration, solvent treatment, and centrifugation to remove the interfering media-related components and excipients from the analyte. The analytes of interest were chromatographically separated from the interfering analytes to quantify the drug concentration using the new high-performance liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet detection. The methods developed allow rapid sample preparation, acceptable specificity, reproducible recoveries (greater than 95% of label claim), and quantification of study drugs (ibuprofen and ketoconazole). The sample preparation technique and method considerations provided here for ibuprofen and ketoconazole can serve as a starting point for solubility and dissolution testing of other small molecules in FeSSGF.
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Fabrication of Transgelosomes for Enhancing the Ocular Delivery of Acetazolamide: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050465. [PMID: 32443679 PMCID: PMC7284610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of glaucoma. Its oral administration causes various undesirable side effects. This study aimed to formulate transgelosomes (TGS) for enhancing the ocular delivery of ACZ. ACZ-loaded transfersomes were formulated by the ethanol injection method, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and different edge activators, including Tween 80, Span 60, and Cremophor RH 40. The effects of the ratio of lipid to surfactant and type of surfactant on % drug released after 8 h (Q8h) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were investigated by using Design-Expert software. The optimized formula was formulated as TGS, using poloxamers as gelling agents. In vitro and in vivo characterization of ACZ-loaded TGS was performed. According to optimization study, F8 had the highest desirability value and was chosen as the optimized formula for preparing TGS. F8 appeared as spherical elastic nanovesicles with Q8h of 93.01 ± 3.76% and EE% of 84.44 ± 2.82. Compared to a free drug, TGS exhibited more prolonged drug release of 71.28 ± 0.46% after 8 h, higher ex vivo permeation of 66.82 ± 1.11% after 8 h and a significant lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) for 24 h. Therefore, TGS provided a promising technique for improving the corneal delivery of ACZ.
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Hamed R, Alnadi SH, Awadallah A. The Effect of Enzymes and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Surface Tension of Dissolution Media: Toward Understanding the Solubility and Dissolution of Carvedilol. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32435989 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the effect of the physiologically relevant enzymes pepsin, pancreatin, and the synthetic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of the weakly basic drug carvedilol. Compendial dissolution media and buffer solutions that simulate the gastrointestinal fluid, prepared with and without the addition of SLS, were used in this study. The surface tension of the dissolution media; critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SLS in buffer solutions; and size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of SLS micelles loading carvedilol were determined. The solubility and dissolution of carvedilol were investigated and compared with those of the corresponding media prepared without the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS. Results showed that the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS lowered the surface tension of the dissolution media to 54.8, 55.7, and ~ 30 mN/m, respectively. The solubility of carvedilol was significantly enhanced with pepsin and SLS; however, no significant difference was found with pancreatin. The dissolution rate of carvedilol was fast in simulated gastric fluid with and without pepsin. The dissolution was further enhanced in media with pancreatin and SLS. The dissolution data were corroborated with the molar micellar solubilization (X) of SLS, ranging between 0.02 and 3.09. Understanding the effect of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs can improve our knowledge of the performance of these drugs in vivo.
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Park C, Meghani N, Loebenberg R, Cui JH, Cao QR, Lee BJ. Fatty acid chain length impacts nanonizing capacity of albumin-fatty acid nanomicelles: Enhanced physicochemical property and cellular delivery of poorly water-soluble drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:257-269. [PMID: 32422167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to design the ideal nanonizing vehicle for poorly water-soluble model curcumin (CCM) using fattigation-platform nanotechnology, and to investigate the effects of fatty acid salts chain length on nanonizing CCM and its efficient delivery to different cancer cells. HSA-fatty acid conjugates were synthesized by EDC/NHS coupling. Fattigation-platform nanomicelles (NMs), prepared by film hydration, exhibited uniform and spherical morphology, although, each NM varied in particle size, zeta potential, and critical micelle concentration according to the types of fatty acid. Preliminary solubility studies of albumin conjugates with 5 types of fatty acid salts of different chain lengths revealed that C14 exhibited the highest solubilization of CCM. CCM-loaded HSA-C14 NMs demonstrated the highest drug content (5.35 ± 0.48%) and loading efficiency (95.93 ± 1.87%) compared to other NMs. It exhibited enhanced drug release rate and reduced micelle size in biorelevant dissolution medium. Interestingly, this solubilization approach was well applied in poorly water-soluble docetaxel trihydrate (DTX). Preliminary solubility results of DTX was also corresponded to the stable nanonization phenomenon in biorelevant dissolution medium. Compared to the CCM EtOH solution, HSA-C14 NMs showed higher internalization in cancer cell lines A549 and MCF-7, and consequently, exhibited significantly increased cytotoxicity against both cell lines. Therefore, this study provides a new solubilization approach for poorly water-soluble drugs using fatty acid salts of different chain lengths and their micellar formations via nanonization, which could be a promising tool for targeted cancer therapy using poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | | | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Jing-Hao Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qing-Ri Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Exploring Multicompartment Plug Flow–Based Model Approach in Biopharmaceutics: Impact of Stomach Setting and the Estimation of the Fraction Absorbed of Orally Administered Basic Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1261-1269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Design space approach in the development of esculetin nanocrystals by a small-scale wet-bead milling process. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Bransford P, Cook J, Gupta M, Haertter S, He H, Ju R, Kanodia J, Lennernäs H, Lindley D, Polli JE, Wenning L, Wu Y. ICH M9 Guideline in Development on Biopharmaceutics Classification System-Based Biowaivers: An Industrial Perspective from the IQ Consortium. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:361-372. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bransford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jack Cook
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Global Product Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Manish Gupta
- Biopharmaceutics, Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Sebastian Haertter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Handan He
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Rob Ju
- Drug Product Development, Abbvie, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jitendra Kanodia
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Lindley
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - James E. Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Larissa Wenning
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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