1
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Parrow A, Kabedev A, Larsson P, Johansson P, Abrahamsson B, Bergström CAS. Drug solubilization in dog intestinal fluids with and without administration of lipid-based formulations. J Control Release 2024; 371:555-569. [PMID: 38844179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal experiments can be minimized with computational models capable of reflecting the simulated environments. One such environment is intestinal fluid and the colloids formed in it. In this study we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate solubilization patterns for three model drugs (carvedilol, felodipine and probucol) in dog intestinal fluid, a lipid-based formulation, and a mixture of both. We observed morphological transformations that lipids undergo due to the digestion process in the intestinal environment. Further, we evaluated the effect of bile salt concentration and observed the importance of interindividual variability. We applied two methods of estimating solubility enhancement based on the simulated data, of which one was in good qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed solubility enhancement. In addition to the computational simulations, we also measured solubility in i) aspirated dog intestinal fluid samples and ii) simulated canine intestinal fluid in the fasted state, and found there was no statistical difference between the two. Hence, a simplified dissolution medium suitable for in vitro studies provided physiologically relevant data for the systems explored. The computational protocol used in this study, coupled with in vitro studies using simulated intestinal fluids, can serve as a useful prescreening tool in the process of drug delivery strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Parrow
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Gentile R, Modric M, Thiele B, Jaeger KE, Kovacic F, Schott-Verdugo S, Gohlke H. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Medium-Chain Free Fatty Acid-Regulated Activity of the Phospholipase PlaF from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JACS AU 2024; 4:958-973. [PMID: 38559719 PMCID: PMC10976570 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PlaF is a membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is involved in remodeling membrane glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and modulating virulence-associated signaling and metabolic pathways. Previously, we identified the role of medium-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) in inhibiting PlaF activity and promoting homodimerization, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remained elusive. Here, we used unbiased and biased molecular dynamics simulations and free energy computations to assess how PlaF interacts with FFAs localized in the water milieu surrounding the bilayer or within the bilayer and how these interactions regulate PlaF activity. Medium-chain FFAs localized in the upper bilayer leaflet can stabilize inactive dimeric PlaF, likely through interactions with charged surface residues, as has been experimentally validated. Potential of mean force (PMF) computations indicate that membrane-bound FFAs may facilitate the activation of monomeric PlaF by lowering the activation barrier for changing into a tilted, active configuration. We estimated that the coupled equilibria of PlaF monomerization-dimerization and tilting at the physiological concentration of PlaF lead to the majority of PlaF forming inactive dimers when in a cell membrane loaded with decanoic acid (C10). This is in agreement with a suggested in vivo product feedback loop and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling results, indicating that PlaF catalyzes the release of C10 from P. aeruginosa membranes. Additionally, we found that C10 in the water milieu can access the catalytic site of active monomeric PlaF, contributing to the competitive component of C10-mediated PlaF inhibition. Our study provides mechanistic insights into how medium-chain FFAs may regulate the activity of PlaF, a potential bacterial drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Gentile
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matea Modric
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences and IBG-3: Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Schott-Verdugo
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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3
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Pornputtapitak W, Thiangjit Y, Tantirungrotechai Y. Effect of Functional Groups in Lipid Molecules on the Stability of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Experimental and Computational Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11012-11024. [PMID: 38463339 PMCID: PMC10918666 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles have been used as drug carriers for decades. Many lipid types have been screened for both solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Specifically, for NLCs that are composed of lipids in the solid form mixed with lipids in the liquid form, compatibility of lipid combination and phase behavior play a significant role in the NLC quality. In this study, stearic acid (STA) and cetyl palmitate (CTP) were used as solid lipids, and oleic acid (OLA), isopropyl palmitate (IPP), and caprylic/capric triglycerides were used as liquid lipids. NLCs were prepared at solid:liquid ratios of 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10, respectively. The characteristics and stability of the prepared NLCs were investigated. Laboratory results showed that the solid lipid had a greater influence on the particle size than the liquid lipid. Meanwhile, cetyl palmitate, an ester compound, provides higher NLC stability compared to stearic acid, a carboxylic acid compound. A MARTINI-based coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation was used to simulate the lipid droplet in water. The distribution of lipid molecules in the droplet was characterized by the polar group density distribution. Different spatial arrangements of the lipid headgroup and lipid molecules, when CTP or STA was used as solid lipids, might contribute to the different stabilities of prepared NLCs. The understanding of mixed lipid systems via simulations will be a significant tool for screening the type of lipids for drug carriers and other pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Pornputtapitak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon
Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yenruedee Thiangjit
- Thammasat
University Research Unit in Innovation of Molecular Hybrid for Biomedical
Application and Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Tantirungrotechai
- Thammasat
University Research Unit in Innovation of Molecular Hybrid for Biomedical
Application and Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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4
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Kang C, Bernaldez M, Stamatis SD, Rose JP, Sun R. Interaction between Permeation Enhancers and Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1668-1679. [PMID: 38232311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Permeation enhancers (PEs) are a class of molecules that interact with the epithelial membrane and transiently increase its transcellular permeability. Although there have been few clinical trials of PE coformulated drugs, the mechanism of action of PEs remains elusive. In this paper, the interaction between two archetypes of PEs [salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C10)] and membranes is investigated with extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations show that (1) the association between the neutral PEs and membranes is favored in free energy, (2) the propensity of neutral PE aggregation is larger in aqueous solution than in lipid bilayers, (3) the equilibrium distribution of neutral PEs in membranes is fast, e.g., accessible with unbiased MD simulations, and (4) the micelle of neutral PEs formed in aqueous solution does not rupture the membranes (e.g., not forming pores or breaking up the membrane) under simulation conditions. All results combined, this study indicates that PEs insert into the membranes in an equilibrium or near equilibrium process. This study lays the foundation for future investigations of how PEs impact the free energy of permeation for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Mabel Bernaldez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Stephen D Stamatis
- Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - John P Rose
- Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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5
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Xie J, Pink DL, Jayne Lawrence M, Lorenz CD. Digestion of lipid micelles leads to increased membrane permeability. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2642-2653. [PMID: 38229565 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based drug carriers are an attractive option to solubilise poorly water soluble therapeutics. Previously, we reported that the digestion of a short tail PC lipid (2C6PC) by the PLA2 enzyme has a significant effect on the structure and stability of the micelles it forms. Here, we studied the interactions of micelles of varying composition representing various degrees of digestion with a model ordered (70 mol% DPPC & 30 mol% cholesterol) and disordered (100% DOPC) lipid membrane. Micelles of all compositions disassociated when interacting with the two different membranes. As the percentage of digestion products (C6FA and C6LYSO) in the micelle increased, the disassociation occurred more rapidly. The C6FA inserts preferentially into both membranes. We find that all micelle components increase the area per lipid, increase the disorder and decrease the thickness of the membranes, and the 2C6PC lipid molecules have the most significant impact. Additionally, there is an increase in permeation of water into the membrane that accompanies the insertion of C6FA into the DOPC membranes. We show that the natural digestion of lipid micelles result in molecular species that can enhance the permeability of lipid membranes that in turn result in an enhanced delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Biological & Soft Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Demi L Pink
- Biological & Soft Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Biological & Soft Matter Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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6
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King TE, Humphrey JR, Laughton CA, Thomas NR, Hirst JD. Optimizing Excipient Properties to Prevent Aggregation in Biopharmaceutical Formulations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:265-275. [PMID: 38113509 PMCID: PMC10777730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Excipients are included within protein biotherapeutic solution formulations to improve colloidal and conformational stability but are generally not designed for the specific purpose of preventing aggregation and improving cryoprotection in solution. In this work, we have explored the relationship between the structure and antiaggregation activity of excipients by utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics modeling of protein-excipient interaction. We have studied human serum albumin as a model protein, and we report the interaction of 41 excipients (polysorbates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, phospholipids, glucosides, amino acids, and others) in terms of the reduction of solvent accessible surface area of aggregation-prone regions, proposed as a mechanism of aggregation prevention. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan had the greatest degree of interaction with aggregation-prone regions, decreasing the solvent accessible surface area of APRs by 20.7 nm2 (40.1%). Physicochemical descriptors generated by Mordred are employed to probe the structure-property relationship using partial least-squares regression. A leave-one-out cross-validated model had a root-mean-square error of prediction of 4.1 nm2 and a mean relative error of prediction of 0.077. Generally, longer molecules with a large number of alcohol-terminated PEG units tended to interact more, with qualitatively different protein interactions, wrapping around the protein. Shorter or less ethoxylated compounds tend to form hemimicellar clusters at the protein surface. We propose that an improved design would feature many short chains of 5 to 10 PEG units in many distinct branches and at least some hydrophobic content in the form of medium-length or greater aliphatic chains (i.e., six or more carbon atoms). The combination of molecular dynamics simulation and quantitative modeling is an important first step in an all-purpose protein-independent model for the computer-aided design of stabilizing excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby E. King
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - Charles A. Laughton
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Neil R. Thomas
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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7
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Tan SW, Yoon BK, Jackman JA. Membrane-Disruptive Effects of Fatty Acid and Monoglyceride Mitigants on E. coli Bacteria-Derived Tethered Lipid Bilayers. Molecules 2024; 29:237. [PMID: 38202820 PMCID: PMC10780109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to characterize the membrane-disruptive properties of medium-chain fatty acid and monoglyceride mitigants interacting with tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platforms composed of E. coli bacterial lipid extracts. The tested mitigants included capric acid (CA) and monocaprin (MC) with 10-carbon long hydrocarbon chains, and lauric acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML) with 12-carbon long hydrocarbon chains. All four mitigants disrupted E. coli tBLM platforms above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values; however, there were marked differences in the extent of membrane disruption. In general, CA and MC caused larger changes in ionic permeability and structural damage, whereas the membrane-disruptive effects of LA and GML were appreciably smaller. Importantly, the distinct magnitudes of permeability changes agreed well with the known antibacterial activity levels of the different mitigants against E. coli, whereby CA and MC are inhibitory and LA and GML are non-inhibitory. Mechanistic insights obtained from the EIS data help to rationalize why CA and MC are more effective than LA and GML at disrupting E. coli membranes, and these measurement capabilities support the potential of utilizing bacterial lipid-derived tethered lipid bilayers for predictive assessment of antibacterial drug candidates and mitigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Woon Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kabedev A, Bergström CAS, Larsson P. Molecular dynamics study on micelle-small molecule interactions: developing a strategy for an extensive comparison. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 38:5. [PMID: 38103089 PMCID: PMC10725378 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical predictions of the solubilizing capacity of micelles and vesicles present in intestinal fluid are important for the development of new delivery techniques and bioavailability improvement. A balance between accuracy and computational cost is a key factor for an extensive study of numerous compounds in diverse environments. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal molecular dynamics (MD) protocol to evaluate small-molecule interactions with micelles composed of bile salts and phospholipids. MD simulations were used to produce free energy profiles for three drug molecules (danazol, probucol, and prednisolone) and one surfactant molecule (sodium caprate) as a function of the distance from the colloid center of mass. To address the challenges associated with such tasks, we compared different simulation setups, including freely assembled colloids versus pre-organized spherical micelles, full free energy profiles versus only a few points of interest, and a coarse-grained model versus an all-atom model. Our findings demonstrate that combining these techniques is advantageous for achieving optimal performance and accuracy when evaluating the solubilization capacity of micelles. All-atom (AA) and coarse-grained (CG) umbrella sampling (US) simulations and point-wise free energy (FE) calculations were compared to their efficiency to computationally analyze the solubilization of active pharmaceutical ingredients in intestinal fluid colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Maher S, Geoghegan C, Brayden DJ. Safety of surfactant excipients in oral drug formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115086. [PMID: 37739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that share the capacity to adsorb at the boundary between distinct phases of matter. They are used as pharmaceutical excipients, food additives, emulsifiers in cosmetics, and as household/industrial detergents. This review outlines the interaction of surfactant-type excipients present in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms with the intestinal epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Many surfactants permitted for human consumption in oral products reduce intestinal epithelial cell viability in vitro and alter barrier integrity in epithelial cell monolayers, isolated GI tissue mucosae, and in animal models. This suggests a degree of mis-match for predicting safety issues in humans from such models. Recent controversial preclinical research also infers that some widely used emulsifiers used in oral products may be linked to ulcerative colitis, some metabolic disorders, and cancers. We review a wide range of surfactant excipients in oral dosage forms regarding their interactions with the GI tract. Safety data is reviewed across in vitro, ex vivo, pre-clinical animal, and human studies. The factors that may mitigate against some of the potentially abrasive effects of surfactants on GI epithelia observed in pre-clinical studies are summarised. We conclude with a perspective on the overall safety of surfactants in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms, which has relevance for delivery system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Maher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline Geoghegan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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10
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Dommer A, Wauer NA, Angle KJ, Davasam A, Rubio P, Luo M, Morris CK, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Amaro RE. Revealing the Impacts of Chemical Complexity on Submicrometer Sea Spray Aerosol Morphology. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1088-1103. [PMID: 37396863 PMCID: PMC10311664 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) ejected through bursting bubbles at the ocean surface is a complex mixture of salts and organic species. Submicrometer SSA particles have long atmospheric lifetimes and play a critical role in the climate system. Composition impacts their ability to form marine clouds, yet their cloud-forming potential is difficult to study due to their small size. Here, we use large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as a "computational microscope" to provide never-before-seen views of 40 nm model aerosol particles and their molecular morphologies. We investigate how increasing chemical complexity impacts the distribution of organic material throughout individual particles for a range of organic constituents with varying chemical properties. Our simulations show that common organic marine surfactants readily partition between both the surface and interior of the aerosol, indicating that nascent SSA may be more heterogeneous than traditional morphological models suggest. We support our computational observations of SSA surface heterogeneity with Brewster angle microscopy on model interfaces. These observations indicate that increased chemical complexity in submicrometer SSA leads to a reduced surface coverage by marine organics, which may facilitate water uptake in the atmosphere. Our work thus establishes large-scale MD simulations as a novel technique for interrogating aerosols at the single-particle level.
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11
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Naranjani B, Sinko PD, Bergström CAS, Gogoll A, Hossain S, Larsson P. Numerical simulation of peristalsis to study co-localization and intestinal distribution of a macromolecular drug and permeation enhancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124388. [PMID: 37059282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, simulations of intestinal peristalsis are performed to investigate the intraluminal transport of macromolecules (MMs) and permeation enhancers (PEs). Properties of insulin and sodium caprate (C10) are used to represent the general class of MM and PE molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to obtain the diffusivity of C10, and coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to estimate the concentration-dependent diffusivity of C10. A segment of the small intestine with the length of 29.75 cm was modeled. Peristaltic speed, pocket size, release location, and occlusion ratio of the peristaltic wave were varied to study the effect on drug transport. It was observed that the maximum concentration at the epithelial surface for the PE and the MM increased by 397 % and 380 %, respectively, when the peristaltic wave speed was decreased from 1.5 to 0.5 cm s-1. At this wave speed, physiologically relevant concentrations of PE were found at the epithelial surface. However, when the occlusion ratio is increased from 0.3 to 0.7, the concentration approaches zero. These results suggest that a slower-moving and more contracted peristaltic wave leads to higher efficiency in transporting mass to the epithelial wall during the peristalsis phases of the migrating motor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Naranjani
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Patrick D Sinko
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adolf Gogoll
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shakhawath Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Santos-Luna D, Sixto-López Y, Bravo-Alfaro D, Cano-Sarmiento C, García H, Correa-Basurto J. Design and simulation of a caprylic acid enzymatically modified phosphatidylcholine micelle using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13902-13913. [PMID: 36826442 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2180434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Computationally simulated micelle models provide useful structural information on the molecular and biological sciences. One strategy to study the self-aggregation process of surfactant molecules that make up a micelle is through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this study, a theoretical approach with a coarse-grained MD simulation (CG-MD) was employed to evaluate the critical micellar concentration (CMC), the micellization process, building a tridimensional (3D) model system of a micelle using data from the experimentally enzymatically modified phospholipids (PL) by phospholipase A1 (PA1). This required enzymatic interesterification of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) with caprylic acid, along with purification and characterization by chromatographic techniques to measure the esterified fatty acids and the corresponding PL composition. The number of molecules used in the CG-MD simulation system was determined from the experimental CMC data which was 0.025%. The molecular composition of the system is: 1 C 18:2, 2 C 8:0/8:0, 3 C 8:0/18:3n-9, 4 C 8:0/18:0, 5 C8:0/18:2n-6, 6 C8:0/18:1n-9, and 7 C 8:0/16:0. According to our theoretical results, the micelle model is structurally stable with an average Rg of 3.64 ± 0.10 Å, and might have an elliptical form with a radius of 24.6 Å. Regarding CMC value there was a relationship between the experimental data of the modified PLs and the theoretical analysis by GC-MD, which suggest that the enzymatic modification of PLs does not affect their self-aggregation properties. Finally, the micellar system obtained in the current research can be used as a simple and useful model to design optimal biocompatible nanoemulsions as possible vehicles for bioactive small molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Santos-Luna
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation) SEPI-ESM, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Bravo-Alfaro
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Cynthia Cano-Sarmiento
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnologico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Hugo García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation) SEPI-ESM, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancers for the Development of Oral Peptide Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121585. [PMID: 36559036 PMCID: PMC9781085 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, two oral-administered peptide pharmaceuticals, semaglutide and octreotide, have been developed and are considered as a breakthrough in peptide and protein drug delivery system development. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an oral dosage form of semaglutide developed by Novo Nordisk (Rybelsus®) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, the octreotide capsule (Mycapssa®), developed through Chiasma's Transient Permeation Enhancer (TPE) technology, also received FDA approval in 2020 for the treatment of acromegaly. These two oral peptide products have been a significant success; however, a major obstacle to their oral delivery remains the poor permeability of peptides through the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, gastrointestinal permeation enhancers are of great relevance for the development of subsequent oral peptide products. Sodium salcaprozate (SNAC) and sodium caprylate (C8) have been used as gastrointestinal permeation enhancers for semaglutide and octreotide, respectively. Herein, we briefly review two approved products, Rybelsus® and Mycapssa®, and discuss the permeation properties of SNAC and medium chain fatty acids, sodium caprate (C10) and C8, focusing on Eligen technology using SNAC, TPE technology using C8, and gastrointestinal permeation enhancement technology (GIPET) using C10.
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14
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Wei X, He X, Zhang D, Su X. CO 2-Responsive Wormlike Micelles Based on Pseudo-Tetrameric Surfactant. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227922. [PMID: 36432021 PMCID: PMC9698177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wormlike micelles, which are linear aggregates created by the self-assembly of surfactants, may entangle to form dynamic three-dimensional network-like structures, endowing solutions with considerable macroscopic viscoelasticity. Recently, a pressing need has arisen to research a novel stimuli-responsive worm-like micelle that is efficient and environmentally friendly. CO2 is an inexpensive, abundant, non-toxic, biocompatible, and non-combustible gas, and it is anticipated that CO2 may serve as the trigger for stimuli-responsive worm-like micelles. In this paper, the formation of CO2-switchable pseudo-tetrameric surfactants, which subsequently self-assemble into CO2-switched wormlike micelles, is accomplished using a simple mixing of two commercial reagents, such as stearic acids and cyclen. The rheological characteristics switched by the use of CO2 are cycled between that of a low-viscosity (1.2 mPa·s) fluid and a viscoelastic fluid (worm-like micelles, 3000 mPa·s). This article expands the field of study on stimuli-responsive worm-like micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Xiran He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tunçer E, Bayramoğlu B. Molecular dynamics simulations of duodenal self assembly in the presence of different fatty acids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Kneiszl R, Hossain S, Larsson P. In Silico-Based Experiments on Mechanistic Interactions between Several Intestinal Permeation Enhancers with a Lipid Bilayer Model. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:124-137. [PMID: 34913341 PMCID: PMC8728740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of drugs is generally considered convenient and patient-friendly. However, oral administration of biological drugs exhibits low oral bioavailability (BA) due to enzymatic degradation and low intestinal absorption. A possible approach to circumvent the low BA of oral peptide drugs is to coformulate the drugs with permeation enhancers (PEs). PEs have been studied since the 1960s and are molecules that enhance the absorption of hydrophilic molecules with low permeability over the gastrointestinal epithelium. In this study, we investigated the impact of six PEs on the structural properties of a model membrane using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The PEs included were the sodium salts of the medium chain fatty acids laurate, caprate, and caprylate and the caprylate derivative SNAC─all with a negative charge─and neutral caprate and neutral sucrose monolaurate. Our results indicated that the PEs, once incorporated into the membrane, could induce membrane leakiness in a concentration-dependent manner. Our simulations suggest that a PE concentration of at least 70-100 mM is needed to strongly affect transcellular permeability. The increased aggregation propensity seen for neutral PEs might provide a molecular-level mechanism for the membrane disruptions seen at higher concentrations in vivo. The ability for neutral PEs to flip-flop across the lipid bilayer is also suggestive of possible intracellular modes of action other than increasing membrane fluidity. Taken together, our results indicate that MD simulations are useful for gaining insights relevant to the design of oral dosage forms based around permeability enhancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Kneiszl
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- The
Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Shakhawath Hossain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- The
Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- The
Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
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17
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Explicit-pH Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations Enable Insights into Restructuring of Intestinal Colloidal Aggregates with Permeation Enhancers. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeation enhancers (PEs) can increase the bioavailability of drugs. The mechanisms of action of these PEs are complex, but, typically, when used for oral administration, they can transiently induce the alteration of trans- and paracellular pathways, including increased solubilization and membrane fluidity, or the opening of the tight junctions. To elucidate these mechanistic details, it is important to understand the aggregation behavior of not only the PEs themselves but also other molecules already present in the intestine. Aggregation processes depend critically on, among other factors, the charge state of ionizable chemical groups, which is affected by the pH of the system. In this study, we used explicit-pH coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the aggregation behavior and pH dependence of two commonly used PEs—caprate and SNAC—together with other components of fasted- and fed-state simulated intestinal fluids. We also present and validate a coarse-grained molecular topology for the bile salt taurocholate suitable for the Martini3 force-field. Our results indicate an increase in the number of free molecules as a function of the system pH and for each combination of FaSSIF/FeSSIF and PEs. In addition, there are differences between caprate and SNAC, which are rationalized based on their different molecular structures and critical micelle concentrations.
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18
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Formulation strategies to improve the efficacy of intestinal permeation enhancers . Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113925. [PMID: 34418495 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical permeation enhancers (PEs) is the most widely tested approach to improve oral absorption of low permeability active agents, as represented by peptides. Several hundred PEs increase intestinal permeability in preclinical bioassays, yet few have progressed to clinical testing and, of those, only incremental increases in oral bioavailability (BA) have been observed. Still, average BA values of ~1% were sufficient for two recent FDA approvals of semaglutide and octreotide oral formulations. PEs are typically screened in static in vitro and ex-vivo models where co-presentation of active agent and PE in high concentrations allows the PE to alter barrier integrity with sufficient contact time to promote flux across the intestinal epithelium. The capacity to maintain high concentrations of co-presented agents at the epithelium is not reached by standard oral dosage forms in the upper GI tract in vivo due to dilution, interference from luminal components, fast intestinal transit, and possible absorption of the PE per se. The PE-based formulations that have been assessed in clinical trials in either immediate-release or enteric-coated solid dosage forms produce low and variable oral BA due to these uncontrollable physiological factors. For PEs to appreciably increase intestinal permeability from oral dosage forms in vivo, strategies must facilitate co-presentation of PE and active agent at the epithelium for a sustained period at the required concentrations. Focusing on peptides as examples of a macromolecule class, we review physiological impediments to optimal luminal presentation, discuss the efficacy of current PE-based oral dosage forms, and suggest strategies that might be used to improve them.
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19
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Mollazadeh S, Sahebkar A, Shahlaei M, Moradi S. Nano drug delivery systems: Molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Demirbolat GM, Coskun GP, Erdogan O, Cevik O. Long chain fatty acids can form aggregates and affect the membrane integrity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111795. [PMID: 33945967 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stearic acid (SA) and oleic acid (OA) which are inherently existing fatty acids (FAs) in the body can alter cell membrane function and interact with each other. However, discrepancies arise as to whether these effects are beneficial or harmful on the body. To resolve this ambiguity, there is a dire need to study how FAs can affect the etiology of diseases and their treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate long chain FAs aggregation behaviors and their effects on membrane integrity and cell viability. We determined the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of SA and OA (1110 μM and 300 μM, respectively which were less amount than that used in nanocarriers). In TEM images, hexagonal overlapped or fused structures of SA were seen, whereas quite small spherical clusters of OA were obtained. Membrane integrity assessments demonstrated that SA and OA at their own CAC and below could crack the lipid junctions on membrane mimicking systems. Moreover, they completely disrupt the membrane integrity above the CAC at pH 7.2. Cell viabilities on various cell lines were assessed after exposed to SA or OA aggregates. SA was more aggressive than OA on cell death in all cell lines. The effect of SA on PC3 cell lines was in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of SA above CAC boosted the inhibition of cell viability. Furthermore, OA showed a proliferation effect on PC3 cells. Consequently, the aggregation behavior of FAs should be considered as a noteworthy factor in physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Melike Demirbolat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Goknil Pelin Coskun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Omer Erdogan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey.
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21
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Patti A, Lecocq H, Serghei A, Acierno D, Cassagnau P. The universal usefulness of stearic acid as surface modifier: applications to the polymer formulations and composite processing. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Vinarov Z, Abrahamsson B, Artursson P, Batchelor H, Berben P, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Butler J, Ceulemans J, Davies N, Dupont D, Flaten GE, Fotaki N, Griffin BT, Jannin V, Keemink J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Kuentz M, Mackie A, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, McAllister M, Müllertz A, O'Driscoll CM, Parrott N, Paszkowska J, Pavek P, Porter CJH, Reppas C, Stillhart C, Sugano K, Toader E, Valentová K, Vertzoni M, De Wildt SN, Wilson CG, Augustijns P. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:289-331. [PMID: 33610694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine- l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petr Pavek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Elena Toader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saskia N De Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Kartashynska E, Vysotsky YB, Vollhardt D, Fainerman VB. Relationship between the Bulk and Surface Basicity of Aliphatic Amines: A Quantum Chemical Approach. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32032-32039. [PMID: 33344857 PMCID: PMC7745424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To assess the surface basicity constant (pK b) of aliphatic amine films, the use of a theoretical approach recently developed to evaluate the pK a of carboxylic acid monolayers on the water surface is tested. The present paper gives a new full picture of the change of acid-base properties of surfactants during their aggregation at the air/water interface. The exploited approach is simple because it does not involve the construction of thermodynamic cycles but uses the Gibbs energies of the formation and dimerization of surfactant monomers in neutral and ionized forms in the aqueous and gaseous phases. The quantum chemical semiempirical PM3 method is applied to perform calculations using a conductor-like screening model, which takes into account the aqueous phase. The calculation shows that aliphatic amines, as well as carboxylic acids, are characterized by a change of the value of the basicity/acidity constant during the film formation. The film formation of surfactants leads to a decrease in their acid-base properties, i.e., the surface pK a values of carboxylic acids and pK b values of amines increase. However, unlike carboxylic acids, there is practically no dependence of the surface pK b value on the alkyl chain length of the aliphatic amine, which is caused by almost identical contributions of one CH2 fragment to the solvation Gibbs energy of neutral and ionized monomers within the calculation error. The obtained results agree with existing experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena
S. Kartashynska
- L.M.
Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry, 70 R. Luxemburg Str., 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Yuri B. Vysotsky
- Donetsk
National Technical University, 58 Artema Str., 83000 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Dieter Vollhardt
- Max
Planck Institute of Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Synergistic Computational Modeling Approaches as Team Players in the Game of Solubility Predictions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:22-34. [PMID: 33217423 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches to predict and model drug solubility have been used in the drug discovery and development processes during the last decades. Each of these approaches have their own benefits and place, and are typically used as standalone approaches rather than in concert. The synergistic effects of these are often overlooked, partly due to the need of computational experts to perform the modeling and simulations as well as analyzing the data obtained. Here we provide our views on how these different approaches can be used to retrieve more information on drug solubility, ranging from multivariate data analysis over thermodynamic cycle modeling to molecular dynamics simulations. We are discussing aqueous solubility as well as solubility in more complex mixed solvents and media with colloidal structures present. We conclude that the field of computational pharmaceutics is in its early days but with a bright future ahead. However, education of computational formulators with broad knowledge of modeling and simulation approaches is imperative if computational pharmaceutics is to reach its full potential.
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25
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Kabedev A, Hossain S, Hubert M, Larsson P, Bergström CAS. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Membrane Interactions for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs: Impact of Bile Solubilization and Drug Aggregation. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:176-185. [PMID: 33152373 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular transport mechanisms of poorly soluble hydrophobic drug compounds to lipid membranes were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The model compound danazol was used to investigate the mechanism(s) by which bile micelles delivered it to the membrane. The interactions between lipid membrane and pure drug aggregates-in the form of amorphous aggregates and nanocrystals-were also studied. Our simulations indicate that bile micelles formed in the intestinal fluid may facilitate danazol incorporation into cellular membranes through two different mechanisms. The micelle may be acting as: i) a shuttle that presents the danazol directly to the membrane or ii) an elevator that moves the solubilized danazol with it as the colloidal structure itself becomes incorporated and solubilized within the membrane. The elevator hypothesis was supported by complementary lipid monolayer adsorption experiments. In these experiments, colloidal structures formed with simulated intestinal fluid were observed to rapidly incorporate into the monolayer. Simulations of membrane interaction with drug aggregates showed that both the amorphous aggregates and crystalline nanostructures incorporated into the membrane. However, the amorphous aggregates solubilized more quickly than the nanocrystals into the membrane, thereby improving the danazol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shakhawath Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madlen Hubert
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center (SweDeliver), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Hossain S, Joyce P, Parrow A, Jõemetsa S, Höök F, Larsson P, Bergström CAS. Influence of Bile Composition on Membrane Incorporation of Transient Permeability Enhancers. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4226-4240. [PMID: 32960068 PMCID: PMC7610231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transient
permeability enhancers (PEs), such as caprylate, caprate,
and salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), improve the bioavailability of poorly
permeable macromolecular drugs. However, the effects are variable
across individuals and classes of macromolecular drugs and biologics.
Here, we examined the influence of bile compositions on the ability
of membrane incorporation of three transient PEs—caprylate,
caprate, and SNAC—using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD).
The availability of free PE monomers, which are important near the
absorption site, to become incorporated into the membrane was higher
in fasted-state fluids than that in fed-state fluids. The simulations
also showed that transmembrane perturbation, i.e.,
insertion of PEs into the membrane, is a key mechanism by which caprylate
and caprate increase permeability. In contrast, SNAC was mainly adsorbed
onto the membrane surface, indicating a different mode of action.
Membrane incorporation of caprylate and caprate was also influenced
by bile composition, with more incorporation into fasted- than fed-state
fluids. The simulations of transient PE interaction with membranes
were further evaluated using two experimental techniques: the quartz
crystal microbalance with dissipation technique and total internal
reflection fluorescence microscopy. The experimental results were
in good agreement with the computational simulations. Finally, the
kinetics of membrane insertion was studied with CG-MD. Variation in
micelle composition affected the insertion rates of caprate monomer
insertion and expulsion from the micelle surface. In conclusion, this
study suggests that the bile composition and the luminal composition
of the intestinal fluid are important factors contributing to the
interindividual variability in the absorption of macromolecular drugs
administered with transient PEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhawath Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,The Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Joyce
- Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albin Parrow
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silver Jõemetsa
- Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,The Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,The Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wu Z, Yang C, Chen L, Ma L, Wu X, Dai X, Qiao Y, Shi X. A Multiscale Study on the Effect of Sodium Cholate on the Deformation Ability of Elastic Liposomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:311. [PMID: 31520324 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic liposoxy1mes (ELs) are biocompatible bilayer vesicular systems commonly used in the transdermal delivery of drugs. Compared with conventional liposomes (CLs), the strong deformation ability conferred by edge activators (EAs) is one of the most critical properties of ELs. However, due to limited research methods, little is known about the effect of EAs on the deformation abilities of vesicles. In this study, taking sodium cholate as an example, a multiscale study was carried to study the effect of EAs on the deformability of ELs, including in vitro diffusion experiment at macroscale, "vesicle-pore" model experiment at the microscale and flat patch model experiment at the molecular scale. As a result, it was found that sodium cholate could decrease the kc of DPPC bilayer, which enabled it to remain morphologically intact during a strong deformation process. Such kind of differences on deformation ability made pogostone ELs (contain sodium cholate) present a better permeation effect compared with that of pogostone CLs. All of these provide a multiscale and thorough understanding of the effect of sodium cholate on the deformation ability of ELs.
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