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Chen Q, Hu R, Qiu H, Li S, Xiang P, Lu Y, Wang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wen E, Ma L, Yu C. REDD1 knockdown ameliorates endothelial cell senescence through repressing TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 221:111962. [PMID: 39004152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and chronic inflammation is widely recognized as a key contributor to atherosclerosis (AS). Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), a conserved stress-response protein that regulates ROS production, is involved in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases. However, the role of REDD1 in endothelial cell senescence is still unclear. Here, we screened REDD1 as a differentially expressed senescence-related gene in the AS progression using bioinformatics methods, and validated the upregulation of REDD1 expression in AS plaques, senescent endothelial cells, and aging aorta by constructing AS mice, D-galactose (DG)-induced senescent endothelial cells and DG-induced accelerated aging mice, respectively. siRNA against REDD1 could improve DG-induced premature senescence of endothelial cells and inhibit ROS accumulation, similar to antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Meanwhile, NAC reduced the upregulation of REDD1 induced by DG, supporting the positive feedback loop between REDD1 and ROS contributes to endothelial cell senescence. Mechanistically, the regulatory effect of REDD1 on ROS might be related to the TXNIP-REDD1 interaction in DG-induced endothelial cell senescence. Collectively, experiments above provide evidence that REDD1 participates in endothelial cell senescence through repressing TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress, which may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yining Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xianmin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Tongchuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - E Wen
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Wakita H, Lu Y, Li X, Kobayashi T, Hachiya T, Ide H, Horie S. Evaluating Leukocyte Telomere Length and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1386. [PMID: 38611064 PMCID: PMC11011111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with aging and the development and progression of cancer. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of LTL and MDSC as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer while also seeking to deepen our understanding of the relationship of these potential biomarkers to each other. METHODS Our study involved patients undergoing a prostate biopsy. We analyzed the relative LTL in genomic DNA obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes as well as the percentage of MDSC and their subtypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our evaluation focused on examining the relationship between LTL and MDSC and pathological diagnoses as well as investigating the correlation between LTL and MDSC levels. RESULTS In our study of 102 participants, 56 were pathologically diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (cancer group), while 46 tested negative (control group). The cancer group exhibited significantly shorter LTL in comparison to the control group (p = 0.024). Additionally, the cancer group showed a tendency towards a higher percentage of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). Our multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with shorter LTL and higher percentages of M-MDSC had a 2.98-fold (95% CI = 1.001-8.869, p = 0.049) and 3.03-fold (95% CI = 1.152-7.977, p = 0.025) increased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis, respectively. There was also a significant negative correlation between LTL and M-MDSC. (r = -0.347, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our research has established a correlation between LTL and MDSC in patients undergoing biopsy for prostate cancer. Notably, we observed that individuals with localized prostate cancer tend to have shorter LTL and a higher percentage of M-MDSC prior to their diagnosis. These findings suggest that LTL and M-MDSC could potentially serve as adjunctive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Wakita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
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Mokoena H, Mabhida SE, Choshi J, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Mchiza ZJ, Ndwandwe DE, Kengne AP, Hanser S. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on specific highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: A systematic review of clinical studies. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 55:47-54. [PMID: 38379882 PMCID: PMC10876676 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the improved efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in viral suppression, emerging evidence indicates an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune activation and persistently elevated levels of inflammation have been associated with endothelial dysfunction in PLWH, likely contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, electronic search databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were used to retrieve scientific evidence reporting on any association between markers of endothelial function and CVD-related outcomes in PLWH on HAART. Extracted data was subjected to quality assessment using the Downs and Black checklist. Most (60 %) of the results indicated the presence of endothelial dysfunction in PLWH on HAART, and this was mainly through reduced flow mediated dilation and elevated serum makers of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin. The summarized evidence indicates an association between persistently elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state in PLWH on HAART. Only a few studies reported on improved endothelial function markers in PLWH on HAART, while limited evidence is available to prove that endothelial dysfunction is associated with CVD-risk, which could be attributed to therapeutic effects of HAART. Limited studies with relatively high quality of evidence were included in this systematic review. In conclusion, results from this review lay an important foundation for future research, even a meta-analysis, that will improve the understanding of the contributing factors to the burden of CVDs in PLWH on HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haskly Mokoena
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Joel Choshi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Zandile J. Mchiza
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Duduzile E. Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - André P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Wang J, Yang Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Zhao X, Jia R, Dai Y. Long noncoding RNA XIST inhibition promotes Leydig cell apoptosis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-145a-5p that targets SIRT1 in late-onset hypogonadism. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:285-297. [PMID: 38353742 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Leydig cell (LCs) apoptosis is responsible for decreased serum testosterone levels during late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). Our study was designed to illustrate the regulatory effect of lncRNA XIST on LCs and to clarify its molecular mechanism of action in LOH. The Leydig cells (TM3) was treated by 300 μM H2O2 for 8 h to establish Leydig cell oxidative stress model in vitro. The expression levels of lncRNA XIST in the testicular tissues of patients with LOH were measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The interaction between lncRNA XIST/SIRT1 and miR-145a-5p was assessed using starBase and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Apoptotic cells and Caspase3 activity were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) assay. Testosterone concentration was determined by ELISA. Moreover, histological assessment of testicles in mice was performed by using HE staining and the TUNEL assay was used to determine apoptosis. We found that the lncRNA XIST was downregulated in the testicular tissues of LOH patients and mice and in H2O2-induced TM3 cells. XIST siRNA significantly promoted apoptosis, enhanced Caspase3 activity and reduced testosterone levels in H2O2-stimulated TM3 cells. Further studies showed that the miR-145a-5p inhibitor reversed the effect of XIST-siRNA on H2O2-induced Leydig cell apoptosis. MiR-145a-5p negatively regulated SIRT1 expression, and SIRT1-siRNA reversed the effects of the miR-145a-5p inhibitor on H2O2 stimulated TM3 cells. The in vivo experiments indicated that silencing of the lncRNA XIST aggravated LOH symptoms in mice. Inhibition of lncRNA XIST induces Leydig cell apoptosis through the miR-145a-5p/SIRT1 axis in the progression of LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Thej C, Kishore R. Epigenetic regulation of sex dimorphism in cardiovascular health. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38427976 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting people of all races, ages, and sexes. Substantial sex dimorphism exists in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcomes of CVDs. Understanding the role of sex hormones as well as sex-hormone-independent epigenetic mechanisms could play a crucial role in developing effective and sex-specific cardiovascular therapeutics. Existing research highlights significant disparities in sex hormones, epigenetic regulators, and gene expression related to cardiac health, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of these variations between men and women. Despite these differences, current treatment approaches for CVDs often lack sex-specific considerations. A pivotal shift toward personalized medicine, informed by comprehensive insights into sex-specific DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA dynamics, holds the potential to revolutionize CVD management. By understanding sex-specific epigenetic complexities, independent of sex hormone influence, future cardiovascular research can be tailored to achieve effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for both men and women. This review summarizes the current knowledge and gaps in epigenetic mechanisms and sex dimorphism implicated in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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6
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Chao CT, Kuo FC, Lin SH. Epigenetically regulated inflammation in vascular senescence and renal progression of chronic kidney disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:305-315. [PMID: 36241561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications, including vascular senescence and progressive renal fibrosis, are associated with inflammation. Vascular senescence, in particular, has emerged as an instrumental mediator of vascular inflammation that potentially worsens renal function. Epigenetically regulated inflammation involving histone modification, DNA methylation, actions of microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, and their reciprocal reactions during vascular senescence and inflammaging are underappreciated. Their synergistic effects can contribute to CKD progression. Vascular senotherapeutics or pharmacological anti-senescent therapies based on epigenetic machineries can therefore be plausible options for ameliorating vascular aging and even halting the worsening of renal fibrosis. These include histone deacetylase modulators, histone methyltransferase modulators, other histone modification effectors, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, telomerase reverse transcriptase enhancers, microRNA mimic delivery, and small molecules with microRNA-regulating potentials. Some of these molecules have already been tested and have shown anecdotal evidence for treating uremic vasculopathy and renal fibrosis, supporting the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Moreau KL, Clayton ZS, DuBose LE, Rosenberry R, Seals DR. Effects of regular exercise on vascular function with aging: Does sex matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H123-H137. [PMID: 37921669 PMCID: PMC11208002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging, featuring endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is a major risk factor for the development of age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vascular aging is largely mediated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased inflammation leading to reduced bioavailability of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide and remodeling of the arterial wall. Other cellular mechanisms (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired stress response, deregulated nutrient sensing, cellular senescence), termed "hallmarks" or "pillars" of aging, may also contribute to vascular aging. Gonadal aging, which largely impacts women but also impacts some men, modulates the vascular aging process. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic and resistance exercise, is a first-line strategy for reducing CVD risk with aging. Although exercise is an effective intervention to counter vascular aging, there is considerable variation in the vascular response to exercise training with aging. Aerobic exercise improves large elastic artery stiffening in both middle-aged/older men and women and enhances endothelial function in middle-aged/older men by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and preserving nitric oxide bioavailability; however, similar aerobic exercise training improvements are not consistently observed in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Sex differences in adaptations to exercise may be related to gonadal aging and declines in estrogen in women that influence cellular-molecular mechanisms, disconnecting favorable signaling in the vasculature induced by exercise training. The present review will summarize the current state of knowledge on vascular adaptations to regular aerobic and resistance exercise with aging, the underlying mechanisms involved, and the moderating role of biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Tummala S, Kuczmarski AV, Del Vecchio AR, Schwab AI, Edwards DG, Wenner MM. Antecubital venous endothelial ETB receptor protein expression is preserved with aging in men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H110-H115. [PMID: 37921661 PMCID: PMC11213472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in endothelial function precede the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have previously shown that age-related declines in endothelial function in women are due in part to a reduction in endothelial cell endothelin-B receptor (ETBR) protein expression. However, it is not known if ETBR protein expression changes with aging in men. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ETBR protein expression is attenuated in older men (OM) compared with younger men (YM). Primary endothelial cells were harvested from the antecubital vein of 14 OM (60 ± 6 yr; 26 ± 3 kg/m2) and 17 YM (24 ± 5 yr; 24 ± 2 kg/m2). Cells were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, vascular endothelial cadherin, and ETBR. Images were quantified using immunocytochemistry. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Systolic BP was similar (OM, 123 ± 11 vs. YM, 122 ± 10 mmHg) whereas diastolic BP was higher in OM (OM, 77 ± 7 vs. YM, 70 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.01). Total testosterone was lower in OM (OM, 6.28 ± 4.21 vs. YM, 9.10 ± 2.68 ng/mL; P = 0.03). As expected, FMD was lower in OM (OM, 3.85 ± 1.51 vs. YM, 6.40 ± 2.68%; P < 0.01). However, ETBR protein expression was similar between OM and YM (OM, 0.39 ± 0.17 vs. YM, 0.42 ± 0.17 AU; P = 0.66). These data suggest that ETBR protein expression is not altered with age in men. These findings contrast with our previous data in women and further support sex differences in the endothelin system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our laboratory has previously shown that age-related declines in endothelial function are associated with a reduction in endothelial cell ETBR protein expression in women. However, it is unclear if endothelial cell ETBR protein expression is reduced with aging in men. This study demonstrates that endothelial cell ETBR protein expression is preserved with aging in men, and provides additional evidence for sex differences in the endothelin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Tummala
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Andrew V Kuczmarski
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Angelica R Del Vecchio
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Allyson I Schwab
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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Christensen LL, Poulsen HE, Andersen MS, Glintborg D. Whole-body oxidative stress reduction during testosterone therapy in aging men: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Andrology 2024; 12:115-122. [PMID: 37177884 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone replacement therapy in aging men increases lean body mass and decreases whole-body fat. The safety of testosterone replacement therapy concerning cardiovascular disease is unresolved and assessment of whole-body oxidative stress may contribute to future decision making. OBJECTIVES To determine whole-body oxidative stress during testosterone replacement therapy and placebo in aging men and evaluate if a change in oxidative stress was mediated by changed body composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study for 24 weeks in 38 men aged 60-78 years with bioavailable testosterone <7.3 nmol/L and waist circumference ≥94 cm who were randomized to testosterone replacement therapy (testosterone gel) (N = 20) or placebo (N = 18). At baseline and after 24 weeks, whole-body oxidative stress was assessed by oxidized derivatives of nucleic acids, 8-oxoguanosine and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in 24-h urine samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Lean body mass and whole-body fat were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. Testosterone replacement therapy versus placebo was compared by Mann-Whitney tests on ∆-values (24-0 weeks). RESULTS Baseline age was 67 (64-72) years (median [interquartile range]), body mass index 29.8 (26.6-33.3) kg/m2 , waist 107 (99-117) cm, and bioavailable testosterone 4.7 (3.7-5.9) nmol/L. During testosterone replacement therapy, 8-oxoguanosine in 24-h urine samples decreased from 21.6 (19.8; 27.7) nm to 15.0 (12.2; 18.8) nm (p = 0.038 vs. placebo), lean body mass increased (p < 0.01) and whole-body fat (p = 0.02) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.01) decreased. 8-Oxoguanosine in 24-h urine samples was inversely associated with Δ-lean body mass (ρ = -0.38, p = 0.03), which remained significant after adjusting for Δ-total testosterone. 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in 24-h urine samples was unchanged (p = 0.06) during testosterone replacement therapy and Δ-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in 24-h urine samples was associated with Δ-whole-body fat (kg) (ρ = 0.47, p < 0.01). Δ-Values of oxidative stress biomarkers were not associated with Δ-fasting insulin or Δ-homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. DISCUSSION Oxidative stress decreased during testosterone replacement therapy compared to placebo, which could be mediated by changed body composition. CONCLUSION Whole-body oxidative stress decreased during 24 weeks of testosterone replacement therapy in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lehmann Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Nordsjaellands Hospital Hillerød, Hillerod, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Usselman CW, Lindsey ML, Robinson AT, Habecker BA, Taylor CE, Merryman WD, Kimmerly D, Bender JR, Regensteiner JG, Moreau KL, Pilote L, Wenner MM, O'Brien M, Yarovinsky TO, Stachenfeld NS, Charkoudian N, Denfeld QE, Moreira-Bouchard JD, Pyle WG, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H238-H255. [PMID: 37999647 PMCID: PMC11219057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which not only all women, but also gender-diverse individuals have been excluded. The resulting dearth of data has led to a lack of sex- and gender-specific clinical guidelines and raises serious questions about evidence-based care. Basic research has also excluded considerations of sex. Including sex and/or gender as research variables not only has the potential to improve the health of society overall now, but it also provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build future advances. The goal of this guidelines article is to provide advice on best practices to include sex and gender considerations in study design, as well as data collection, analysis, and interpretation to optimally establish rigor and reproducibility needed to inform clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. In cardiovascular physiology, incorporating sex and gender is a necessary component when optimally designing and executing research plans. The guidelines serve as the first guidance on how to include sex and gender in cardiovascular research. We provide here a beginning path toward achieving this goal and improve the ability of the research community to interpret results through a sex and gender lens to enable comparison across studies and laboratories, resulting in better health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Chloe E Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Derek Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Bender
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Louise Pilote
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Myles O'Brien
- School of Physiotherapy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Quin E Denfeld
- School of Nursing and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jesse D Moreira-Bouchard
- Q.U.E.E.R. Lab, Programs in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Team Canada Network, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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11
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Vaiana AM, Asher AM, Tapia K, Morilak DA. Vortioxetine Reverses Impairment of Visuospatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility Induced by Degarelix as a Model of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:279-290. [PMID: 38104552 PMCID: PMC10911168 DOI: 10.1159/000535365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay treatment for prostate cancer, but many patients experience cognitive impairment in domains mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Prostate cancer typically occurs in older patients (>65 years). As age is often accompanied by cognitive decline, it may impact the efficacy of any treatment aimed at restoring cognitive impairment induced by ADT. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant that improves cognition in depression, has been shown to be efficacious in elderly patients. Therefore, vortioxetine may improve cognition in older patients who experience cognitive decline after ADT. METHODS Young (3 months) and middle-aged (13 months) rats were used to investigate the influence of age on treating ADT-induced cognitive decline. As our previous studies used surgical castration, we tested if vortioxetine would reverse cognitive deficits associated with more translationally relevant chemical castration using degarelix. Vortioxetine was given in the diet for 21 days. Animals underwent behavioral testing to assess visuospatial memory mediated by the hippocampus and cognitive flexibility mediated by the mPFC. We also investigated changes in afferent-evoked responses in these regions in middle-aged rats. RESULTS Degarelix induced impairments in both visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility that were reversed by vortioxetine. Vortioxetine also rescued afferent-evoked responses in the mPFC and hippocampus. However, modest age-related reductions in baseline visuospatial memory limited our ability to detect further decreases induced by degarelix in middle-aged rats due to a floor effect. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vortioxetine may be a treatment option for older prostate cancer patients who experience cognitive decline after ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Vaiana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amber M. Asher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karla Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David A. Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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12
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Liu S, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang K, Deng L, Liao B, Zhong Y, Feng J. Targeting gut microbiota in aging-related cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on the mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2290331. [PMID: 38073096 PMCID: PMC10730151 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2290331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging and age-related cardiovascular disease is increasing. Even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, readmission and mortality rates remain high. In recent years, more and more in-depth studies have found that the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect the occurrence and development of age-related cardiovascular diseases through a variety of molecular pathways, providing a new target for therapy. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and age-related cardiovascular diseases, and propose that the gut microbiota could be a new therapeutic target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Y. Irisin: A Potentially Fresh Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Aging. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1112. [PMID: 38029393 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all living organisms, including humans. Aging is a complex process that involves the gradual deterioration of various biological processes and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Vascular aging refers to age-related changes in blood vessels. These changes can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Recently, an exercise-induced muscle factor, irisin, was found to directly improve metabolism and regulate the balance of glucolipid metabolism, thereby counteracting obesity and insulin resistance. Based on a growing body of evidence, irisin modulates vascular aging. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a pivotal cellular energy sensor and metabolic modulator, acting as a central signaling cascade to coordinate various cellular processes necessary for maintaining vascular homeostasis. The vascular regulatory effects of irisin are closely intertwined with its interaction with the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, understanding the molecular processes used by irisin to regulate changes in vascular diseases caused by aging may inspire the development of techniques that promote healthy vascular aging. This review sought to describe the impact of irisin on the molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, from the perspective of endothelial cell function and vascular macroregulation, and summarize the multiple signaling pathways used by irisin to regulate vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Özsoy E, Kutluhan MA, Tokuç E, Kayar R, Demir S, Akyüz M, Öztürk Mİ. Is testosterone deficiency a predictive factor for recurrence of urethral stricture? Andrology 2023. [PMID: 37924277 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and testosterone deficiency may potentially influence the likelihood of urethral stricture recurrence. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic value of testosterone levels in the recurrence after direct visual internal urethrotomy in primary short segment bulbar urethral strictures and its clinical reflections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 723 patients who underwent direct vision internal urethrotomy between January 2000 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. After implying exclusion criteria, 116 patients with available data were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups as recurrence and no recurrence. Age, stricture length, etiology, time of recurrence, diagnosis of previous diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and total testosterone levels were recorded. Free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone values were calculated using total testosterone, albumin, and sex hormone binding globulin values. Hypogonadism was considered as a total testosterone level less than 300 ng/dL. Demographic characteristics and total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone levels were compared between the two groups for statistical significance. The recurrence rates of patients with and without hypogonadism were compared. RESULTS Recurrence was observed in 41.4% of the cases (n = 48). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, body mass index values, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, presence of hypogonadism, and etiology (p = 0.745, 0.863, 0.621, 0.622, 0.168, 0.051, and 0.232). In terms of total testosterone levels and bioavailable testosterone levels, the recurrence group had significantly lower values (p = 0.018 and 0.04). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of stricture length (p = 0.071). Sixteen of 28 patients with hypogonadism had recurrence, whereas 32 of 88 patients without hypogonadism had recurrence (p = 0.051). DISCUSSION Testosterone levels have potential to predict recurrence in primary short-segment bulbar urethral strictures. This study represents the inaugural analysis of the impact of testosterone deficiency on recurrence within the cohort of patients with primary short-segment bulbar urethral strictures. CONCLUSION Testosterone levels and ratios may serve as predictive factors for identifying recurrent cases in primary short-segment bulbar strictures. For patients at a higher risk of recurrence, urethroplasty may be considered as an initial treatment option, even in cases of primary and short-segment strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Musab Ali Kutluhan
- Department of Urology, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Tokuç
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Kayar
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Demir
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akyüz
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin İshak Öztürk
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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15
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Mascone SE, Kim KI, Evans WS, Prior SJ, Cook MD, Ranadive SM. Race and sex differences in ROS production and SOD activity in HUVECs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292112. [PMID: 37792791 PMCID: PMC10550108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Black individuals and men are predisposed to an earlier onset and higher prevalence of hypertension, compared with White individuals and women, respectively. Therefore, the influence of race and sex on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity following induced inflammation was evaluated in female and male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from Black and White individuals. It was hypothesized that HUVECs from Black individuals and male HUVECs would exhibit greater ROS production and impaired SOD activity. Inflammation was induced in HUVEC cell lines (n = 4/group) using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, 50ng/ml). There were no between group differences in ROS production or SOD activity in HUVECs from Black and White individuals, and HUVECs from Black individuals exhibited similar SOD activity at 24hr compared with 4hr of TNF-α treatment (p>0.05). However, HUVECs from White individuals exhibited significantly greater SOD Activity (p<0.05) at 24hr as compared to 4hr in the control condition but not with TNF-α treatment (p>0.05). Female HUVECs exhibited significantly lower ROS production than male HUVECs in the control condition and following TNF-α induced inflammation (p<0.05). Only female HUVECs exhibited significant increases in SOD activity with increased exposure time to TNF-α induced inflammation (p<0.05). HUVECs from White individuals alone exhibit blunted SOD activity when comparing control and TNF-α conditions. Further, compared to female HUVECs, male HUVECs exhibit a pro-inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Mascone
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Katherine I. Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - William S. Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Sushant M. Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
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16
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Aitken RJ. Male reproductive ageing: a radical road to ruin. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1861-1871. [PMID: 37568254 PMCID: PMC10546083 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern post-transition societies, we are reproducing later and living longer. While the impact of age on female reproductive function has been well studied, much less is known about the intersection of age and male reproduction. Our current understanding is that advancing age brings forth a progressive decline in male fertility accompanied by a reduction in circulating testosterone levels and the appearance of age-dependent reproductive pathologies including benign prostatic hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction. Paternal ageing is also associated with a profound increase in sperm DNA damage, the appearance of multiple epigenetic changes in the germ line and an elevated mutational load in the offspring. The net result of such changes is an increase in the disease burden carried by the progeny of ageing males, including dominant genetic diseases such as Apert syndrome and achondroplasia, as well as neuropsychiatric conditions including autism and spontaneous schizophrenia. The genetic basis of these age-related effects appears to involve two fundamental mechanisms. The first is a positive selection mechanism whereby stem cells containing mutations in a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway gain a selective advantage over their non-mutant counterparts and exhibit significant clonal expansion with the passage of time. The second is dependent on an age-dependent increase in oxidative stress which impairs the steroidogenic capacity of the Leydig cells, disrupts the ability of Sertoli cells to support the normal differentiation of germ cells, and disrupts the functional and genetic integrity of spermatozoa. Given the central importance of oxidative stress in defining the impact of chronological age on male reproduction, there may be a role for antioxidants in the clinical management of this process. While animal studies are supportive of this strategy, carefully designed clinical trials are now needed if we are to realize the therapeutic potential of this approach in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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17
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Zhao ZM, Mei S, Zheng QY, Wang J, Yin YR, Zhang JJ, Wang XZ. Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115481. [PMID: 37716076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) acts as an environmental endocrine disruptor and has negative effects in animals; excessive accumulation of lead causes reproductive dysfunction in male animals. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in Pb-induced injury. However, the mechanisms underlying chronic testicular toxicity of Pb remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of lead acetate on reproductive function in male mice, identify the underlying mechanisms, and test counter measures to alleviate the toxic effects. Male mice were dosed with lead acetate (500 mg/L) in free drinking water for 12 weeks, and administered melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vitamin C (500 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Blood from the eyeball, testicles, and sperm from the caudal epididymis were collected after 12 weeks and analyzed. Pb exposure reduced sperm count and motility, increased sperm malformation (P < 0.01), disrupted testicular morphology and structure, and decreased the expression of steroid hormone synthesis-related enzymes and serum testosterone concentration (P < 0.01). Pb also increased the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.01), and activated NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, the ROS yield and oxidation indicators LPO and MDA were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the antioxidant indicators T-AOC, SOD, and GSH were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Treatment with melatonin or vitamin C reversed the effects of lead acetate; vitamin C was more effective in restoring SOD activity (P < 0.01) and enhancing ZO-1 protein levels (P < 0.01). Thus, long-term exposure to lead acetate at low concentrations could adversely affect sperm quality and induce inflammatory damage by oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Vitamin C could act as a protective agent and improve reproductive dysfunction in male animals after lead accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Su Mei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qi-Yue Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yi-Ru Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xian-Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest, University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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18
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D'Souza AW, Takeda R, Manabe K, Hissen SL, Washio T, Coombs GB, Sanchez B, Fu Q, Shoemaker JK. The interactive effects of age and sex on the neuro-cardiovascular responses during fatiguing rhythmic handgrip exercise. J Physiol 2023; 601:2877-2898. [PMID: 37083007 DOI: 10.1113/jp284517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of age on exercise pressor responses is equivocal, likely because of sex-specific neuro-cardiovascular changes with age. However, assessments of the interactive effects of age and sex on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to exercise are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that older females would exhibit exaggerated increases in blood pressure (BP) and MSNA discharge patterns during handgrip exercise compared with similarly aged males and young adults. Twenty-five young (25 (2) years; mean (SD)) males (YM; n = 12) and females (YF; n = 13) and 23 older (71 (5) years) males (OM; n = 11) and females (OF; n = 12) underwent assessments of BP, total peripheral resistance (TPR; Modelflow) and MSNA action potential (AP) discharge patterns (microneurography) during incremental rhythmic handgrip exercise and post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). OM demonstrated larger ∆BP and ∆TPR from baseline than YM (both P < 0.001) despite smaller increases in ∆APs/burst (OM: 0.4 (3) vs. YM: 5 (3) spikes/burst, P < 0.001) and ∆AP clusters/burst (OM: 0.1 (1) vs. YM: 1.8 (1) clusters/burst, P < 0.001) during exercise. Testosterone was lower in OM than YM (P < 0.001) and was inversely related to ∆BP but positively related to ∆AP clusters/burst in males (both P = 0.03). Conversely, YF and OF demonstrated similar ∆BP and ∆AP discharge during exercise (range: P = 0.75-0.96). Age and sex did not impact haemodynamics or AP discharge during PECO (range: P = 0.08-0.94). Altogether, age-related changes in neuro-cardiovascular reactivity exist in males but not females during fatiguing exercise and seem to be related to testosterone. This sex-specific impact of age underscores the importance of considering biological sex when assessing age-related changes in neuro-cardiovascular control during exercise. KEY POINTS: Older males have the largest increase in blood pressure despite having the smallest increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow during rhythmic handgrip exercise. Young males demonstrate greater increases in sympathetic action potential (AP) discharge compared with young females during rhythmic handgrip exercise. Older adults (regardless of sex) demonstrate smaller increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst amplitude and total AP clusters compared with young adults during exercise, as well as smaller increases in integrated MSNA burst frequency, incidence and total MSNA activity during post-exercise circulatory occlusion (i.e. independent effect of age). Males, but not females (regardless of age), reflexively modify AP conduction velocity during exercise. Our results indicate that age and sex independently and interactively impact the neural and cardiovascular homeostatic adjustments to fatiguing small muscle mass exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W D'Souza
- Neurovascular research laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kazumasa Manabe
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah L Hissen
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Takuro Washio
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Neurovascular research laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Belinda Sanchez
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Qi Fu
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- Neurovascular research laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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20
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Mehta N, Luthra NS, Corcos DM, Fantuzzi G. C-reactive protein as the biomarker of choice to monitor the effects of exercise on inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178448. [PMID: 37251392 PMCID: PMC10213511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a heterogeneous disease with no disease-modifying treatments available, is the fastest growing neurological disease worldwide. Currently, physical exercise is the most promising treatment to slow disease progression, with evidence suggesting it is neuroprotective in animal models. The onset, progression, and symptom severity of PD are associated with low grade, chronic inflammation which can be quantified by measuring inflammatory biomarkers. In this perspective, we argue that C-reactive protein (CRP) should be used as the primary biomarker for monitoring inflammation and therefore disease progression and severity, particularly in studies examining the impact of an intervention on the signs and symptoms of PD. CRP is the most studied biomarker of inflammation, and it can be detected using relatively well-standardized assays with a wide range of detection, allowing for comparability across studies while generating robust data. An additional advantage of CRP is its ability to detect inflammation irrespective of its origin and specific pathways, an advantageous characteristic when the cause of inflammation remains unknown, such as PD and other chronic, heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Mehta
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nijee S. Luthra
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Bagchi S, Kwapong YA, Schär M, Bonanno G, Streeb V, Lai S, Gerstenblith G, Weiss RG, Hays AG. The Relationship Between Impaired Coronary Endothelial Function and Systemic Markers of Inflammation in People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 93:47-54. [PMID: 36634369 PMCID: PMC10079560 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, partially believed to be related to chronically elevated systemic inflammation. Abnormal systemic endothelial function (SEF) and coronary endothelial function (CEF) develop early in atherogenesis and predict adverse events. It is unknown whether abnormal CEF is related to systemic inflammation in PWH. METHODS In this substudy of a prior randomized controlled trial in PWH without prior clinical coronary artery disease suppressed on antiretroviral therapy with CEF as a primary end point (N = 82), we investigated the associations between baseline serum markers of inflammation and adhesion and baseline CEF, assessed by noninvasive MRI measures of percentage changes in coronary blood flow and cross-sectional area during isometric handgrip exercise, and SEF using brachial ultrasound for flow-mediated dilation. We also evaluated whether baseline marker levels were associated with CEF after 8 weeks in the placebo group (N = 40). RESULTS CEF measures were abnormal at baseline, based on trial entry criteria. A higher value of CEF was directly associated with levels of interleukin 10, whereas CEF at baseline was inversely associated with E-selectin. Worse CEF at 8 weeks was directly associated with baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, C-reactive protein, interferon gamma and sICAM-3. SEF at baseline or 8 weeks was not associated with any baseline markers. CONCLUSION Coronary but not systemic endothelial dysfunction was significantly associated with select markers of inflammation and adhesion in PWH. Furthermore, CEF but not SEF at 8 weeks was associated with baseline levels of inflammation. Our findings suggest that abnormal CEF and systemic markers of inflammation are linked in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwatee Bagchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yaa A. Kwapong
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gabriele Bonanno
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Valerie Streeb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allison G. Hays
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Huang Q, Chen S, Xiong X, Yin T, Zhang Y, Zeng G, Huang Q. Asprosin Exacerbates Endothelium Inflammation Induced by Hyperlipidemia Through Activating IKKβ-NF-κBp65 Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:623-638. [PMID: 36401667 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium dysfunction caused by endothelium inflammation is a trigger of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelium inflammation often occurs in patients with obesity. Asprosin (ASP) derived from white adipose tissue plays important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, effect of ASP on the vascular endothelium inflammation induced by hyperlipidemia and its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, models of vascular endothelium inflammation were established to investigate the effect of ASP on the endothelium inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Our data in vivo showed that recombinant ASP or high-fat diet (HFD) significantly increased the circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and enhanced the adhesion of macrophages to endothelia characterized by the expression increase of CD68, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in rats. However, neutralization of ASP with an ASP specific antibody (AASP) significantly antagonized the changes induced by HFD. Similarly, our data in vitro also showed that ASP treatment elevated the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 as well as VCAM-1. More important, our data revealed that the pro-inflammation effect of ASP was achieved by activating the IKKβ-NF-κBp65 pathway other than the oxidative stress pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ASP is a pro-inflammation player in the obesity-associated endothelium dysfunction. The findings would provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiren Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhu D, Zhang M, He B, Wan Y, Wang L, Gao F. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953417. [PMID: 36003965 PMCID: PMC9393425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Six-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure. Results After 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). In addition, CHH exposure decreased the expression of PON2 protein in both male and female rats; (6) qPCR analysis reveals that CHH exposure reduced the gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in male rats’ hippocampus. In addition, compared with the sham CHH group, the expression level of PON2 protein decreased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus whereas oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degeneration of hippocampal neurons increased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus. Conclusion After CHH exposure, male rats were significantly more likely than female rats to develop hippocampal damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline and deficits, suggesting that sex and ovarian hormones were significantly involved in regulating the rats’ susceptibility to CHH exposure-induced hippocampal damage.
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Babcock MC, DuBose LE, Hildreth KL, Stauffer BL, Cornwell WK, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. Age-associated reductions in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity are exaggerated in middle-aged and older men with low testosterone. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:403-415. [PMID: 35771224 PMCID: PMC9359637 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00245.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with reductions in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), which increases cardiovascular disease risk. Preclinical data indicate that low testosterone reduces cBRS. We determined whether low testosterone is associated with reduced cBRS in healthy men. METHODS Twenty-six men categorized as young (N=6; age=31±4 years; testosterone=535±60 ng/dL), middle-aged/older with normal (N=10; aged 56±3 years; testosterone=493±85 ng/dL), or low (N=10; age=57±6 years; testosterone=262±31 ng/dL) testosterone underwent recordings of beat-by-beat blood pressure and R-R interval during rest and two Valsalva maneuvers, and measures of carotid artery compliance. IL-6, CRP, oxidized LDL cholesterol and TAS were measured. RESULTS Middle-aged/older men had lower cBRS compared to young men (17.0±6.5 ms/mmHg; p=0.028); middle-age/older men with low testosterone had lower cBRS (5.5±3.2 ms/mmHg; p=0.039) compared to age-matched men with normal testosterone (10.7±4.0 ms/mmHg). No differences existed among groups during Phase II of the Valsalva maneuver; middle-aged/older men with low testosterone had reduced cBRS (4.7±2.6 ms/mmHg) compared to both young (12.8±2.8ms/mmHg; p<0.001) and middle-aged/older men with normal testosterone (8.6±4.4ms/mmHg; p=0.046) during Phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver. There were no differences in oxidized LDL, (p=0.882) or TAS across groups (p=0.633). IL-6 was significantly higher in middle-aged/older men with low testosterone compared to the other groups (p<0.05 for all) and inversely correlated with cBRS (r=-0.594, p=0.007). Middle-aged/older men had reduced carotid artery compliance compared to young, regardless of testosterone status (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that low testosterone in middle-aged/older men may contribute to a reduction in cBRS; increased inflammation may also contribute to a reduction in cBRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Babcock
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
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25
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Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent condition that confers substantial morbidity and mortality and remains underdiagnosed as well as undertreated in the overall population. Although PAD prevalence is similar or higher in women compared with men, associations of traditional and nontraditional risk factors with PAD and clinical manifestations of PAD differ by sex and may contribute to delayed or lack of diagnosis in women. Such sex-based differences in the manifestation of PAD may arise from sexual dimorphism in the vascular substrate in health as well as sex variation in the responses to vascular stressors. Despite the availability of proven therapies for improving symptoms and reducing risk of ischemic cardiovascular and limb events among patients with diagnosed PAD, important sex differences in treatment and outcomes have been observed. We provide an overview of current knowledge regarding sex differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pabon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.P.)
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (S.C.)
| | - S Elissa Altin
- Division of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine (S.E.A.)
| | - Sanjum S Sethi
- Columbia Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (S.S.S.)
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington (M.D.N.)
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (K.L.M.)
| | | | - Connie N Hess
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine (C.N.H.)
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Protection against Osteoarthritis Symptoms by Aerobic Exercise with a High-Protein Diet by Reducing Inflammation in a Testosterone-Deficient Animal Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020177. [PMID: 35207465 PMCID: PMC8875430 DOI: 10.3390/life12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A testosterone deficiency potentially increases osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms, and dietary protein and exercise affect them. However, their efficacy and their interactions are still unclear. We hypothesized that a high-protein diet (HPD) and regular exercise modulated OA symptoms in testosterone-deficient rats, and it was examined in bilateral orchidectomized (ORX) and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-injected rats. The ORX rats were given a 30 energy percent (En%) protein (HPD) or 17.5 En% protein (CD). Both groups had 39 En% fat in the diet. Non-ORX-CD rats (sham-operation of ORX) were given the CD and no exercise (normal control). After an eight-week intervention, all rats had an injection of MIA into the left knee, and the treatments were continued for an additional four weeks. The non-ORX-CD rats showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the ORX rats, but the ORX rats had elevated fat mass. ORX exacerbated the glucose tolerance by lowering the serum insulin concentrations and increasing insulin resistance. ORX exacerbated the OA symptoms more than the non-ORX-CD. The HPD and exercise improved bone mineral density and glucose metabolism without changing serum testosterone concentrations, while only exercise increased the lean body mass and decreased fat mass, lipid peroxide, and inflammation. Exercise, but not HPD, reduced the OA symptoms, the weight distribution in the left leg, and running velocity and provided better relief than the non-ORX-CD rats. Exercise with HPD improved the histology of the knee joint in the left leg. Exercise reduced lipid peroxide contents and TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression in the articular cartilage, while exercise with HPD decreased MMP-3 and MMP-13 mRNA expression as much as in the non-ORX-CD group. In conclusion, moderate aerobic exercise with HPD alleviated OA symptoms and articular cartilage degradation in a similar way in the non-ORX rats with OA by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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CHANGES IN NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS HEART DURING PROLONGED TRIPTORELIN-INDUCED CENTRAL DEPRIVATION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE SYNTHESIS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-1-79-179-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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