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Jalali F, Fakhari F, Sepehr A, Zafari J, Sarajar BO, Sarihi P, Jafarzadeh E. Synergistic anticancer effects of doxorubicin and metformin combination therapy: A systematic review. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101946. [PMID: 38636389 PMCID: PMC11040171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doxorubicin (DOX) a chemotherapy drug often leads to the development of resistance, in cancer cells after prolonged treatment. Recent studies have suggested that using metformin plus doxorubicin could result in synergic effects. This study focuses on exploring the co-treat treatment of doxorubicin and metformin for various cancers. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines we conducted a literature search using different databases such as Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar until July 2023. We selected search terms based on the objectives of this study. After screening a total of 30 articles were included. RESULTS The combination of doxorubicin and metformin demonstrated robust anticancer effects, surpassing the outcomes of monotherapy drug treatment. In vitro experiments consistently demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell growth and increased rates of cell death. Animal studies confirmed substantial reductions in tumor growth and improved survival rates, emphasizing the synergistic impact of the combined therapy. The research' discoveries collectively emphasize the capability of the co-treat doxorubicin-metformin as a compelling approach in cancer treatment, highlighting its potential to address medicate resistance and upgrade generally helpful results. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that the combined treatment regimen including doxorubicin and metformin has significant promise in fighting cancer. The observed synergistic effects suggest that this combination therapy could be valuable, in a setting. This study highlights the need for clinical research to validate and enhance the application of the doxorubicin metformin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshtehsadat Jalali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fakhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Omidi Sarajar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Sarihi
- Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rangel N, Sánchez IL, Valbuena DS, Rondón-Lagos M. ZNF217 Gene Copy Number as a Marker of Response to Standard Therapy Drugs According to ERα Status in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:127-139. [PMID: 38505863 PMCID: PMC10950081 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s445753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The therapeutic decision for the management of breast cancer (BC) patients is based on the evaluation of prognostic factors alongside clinical and pathological parameters. Despite the use of standard biomarkers, response and resistance to therapy represent a challenge for clinicians. Among the new potential biomarkers for BC the ZNF217 gene have gained importance in recent years. However, while associations between ZNF217 gene copy number and clinicopathological characteristics have been established, its correlation with treatment response remains unclear. Patients and Methods This study aimed to evaluate the ZNF217 gene copy number and establish its associations with treatment response in estrogen receptor positive (ERα+) and ERα negative (ERα-) BC cell lines. In addition, a validation of the relationship between ZNF217 gene copy number and its prognostic value was performed using datasets of BC patients retrieved from the cBioPortal public database. Results Our data show that in ERα+ cells, ZNF217 gene copy number increase (amplification), while cell proliferation decreases in response to standard drug treatments. In contrast, both ZNF217 gene copy number (gain) and cell proliferation increases in response to standard drug treatments in ERα- cells. The results obtained align with findings from the cBioPortal database analysis, demonstrating that ERα+/HER2- low proliferation patients, exhibiting ZNF217 gene amplification or gain, have a significantly higher survival probability after treatment, compared to ERα-/HER2- and HER2+ patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that in ERα+ BC cells, ZNF217 gene amplification could be indicative of a favorable response, while in ERα- BC cells, ZNF217 gene gain could be postulated as a potential predictor of treatment resistance. A broader understanding of the role of ZNF217 gene in treatment response, together with prospective studies in BC patients, could contribute to confirming our data, as well as optimizing existing treatments and exploring novel approaches to improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Iris Lorena Sánchez
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Duván Sebastián Valbuena
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
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Drogosz-Stachowicz J, Gach-Janczak K, Mirowski M, Pietrzak J, Janecki T, Janecka A. Anticancer Properties of 3-Dietoxyphosphorylfuroquinoline-4,9-dione. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073128. [PMID: 37049894 PMCID: PMC10095652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the antitumor activity of a novel synthetic analog with 5,8-quinolinedione scaffold, diethyl (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydrofuro [3,2-g]quinolin-3-yl)phosphonate (AJ-418) was investigated on two breast cancer cell lines. This analog was selected from a small library of synthetic quinolinediones on the basis of its strong antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and 4-5-fold lower cytotoxicity towards healthy MCF-10A cells. The morphology of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells treated with AJ-418 changed drastically, while non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells remained unaffected. In MCF-7 cells, after 24 h incubation, the increased number of apoptotic cells coincided with a decrease in proliferation and cell viability. The 24 h treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the tested compound reduced their cell viability and proliferation rate; however, a significant pro-apoptotic effect was visible only after longer incubation times (48 h and 72 h). Then, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of compound AJ-418 in C3H mice after subcutaneous administration was determined to be 160 mg/kg, showing that this analog was well tolerated and can be further evaluated to assess its potential therapeutic effect in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drogosz-Stachowicz
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gach-Janczak
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Mirowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Dolati M, Tafvizi F, Salehipour M, Komeili Movahed T, Jafari P. Biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles from Bacillus coagulans induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3256. [PMID: 36828883 PMCID: PMC9958044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the anticancer capabilities of Bacillus coagulans supernatant-produced copper oxide nanoparticles (BC-CuONPs) on MCF-7 and SKBR3 cancer cells. The X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential techniques were used to characterize BC-CuONPs. This study also investigated the cellular and molecular processes of NPs' anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties on human breast cancer cells and compared them to the commercial pharmaceutical tamoxifen. The size of the spherical NP was from 5 to 47 nm with negative zeta potential. The MTT results showed the great cytotoxic effect of BC-CuONPs against breast cancer cells. The BC-CuONPs inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The up-regulation of BCL2-associated X (BAX), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21), Caspase 3 (CASP3), and Caspase 9 (CASP9), the down-regulation of BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2), Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation results suggested that BC-CuONPs had a significant apoptotic impact when compared to the control. Scratch tests and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor gene (VEGF) down-regulation demonstrated that BC-CuONPs had anti-metastatic activity. The cell cycle analysis and down-regulation of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) revealed that cancer cells were arrested in the sub-G1 phase. Finally, the results showed that the secondary metabolites in the supernatant of Bacillus coagulans could form CuONPs, and biogenic BC-CuONPs showed anti-metastasis and anticancer properties on breast cancer cells while having less adverse effects on normal cells. Therefore, the synthesized CuONPs using B. coagulans supernatant can be shown as a potential candidate for a new therapeutic strategy in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Dolati
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tafvizi
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran.
| | - Masoud Salehipour
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | | | - Parvaneh Jafari
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Ybañez WS, Bagamasbad PD. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) links hormone dysregulation and circadian disruption to breast cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36823570 PMCID: PMC9948451 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disruption is an emerging driver of breast cancer (BCa), with epidemiological studies linking shift work and chronic jet lag to increased BCa risk. Indeed, several clock genes participate in the gating of mitotic entry, regulation of DNA damage response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thus impacting BCa etiology. Dysregulated estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) and glucocorticoid (GC) signaling prevalent in BCa may further contribute to clock desynchrony by directly regulating the expression and cycling dynamics of genes comprising the local breast oscillator. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressor gene, Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), as an important point of crosstalk between hormone signaling and the circadian molecular network, and further examine its functional role in BCa. METHODS Through meta-analysis of publicly available RNA- and ChIP-sequencing datasets from BCa tumor samples and cell lines, and gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR and enhancer- reporter assays, we elucidated the molecular mechanism behind the clock and hormone regulation of KLF9. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of KLF9 in three distinct breast epithelial cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) was generated to demonstrate the role of KLF9 in orthogonal assays on breast epithelial survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. RESULTS We determined that KLF9 is a direct GC receptor target in mammary epithelial cells, and that induction is likely mediated through coordinate transcriptional activation from multiple GC-responsive enhancers in the KLF9 locus. More interestingly, rhythmic expression of KLF9 in MCF10A cells was abolished in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 line. In turn, forced expression of KLF9 altered the baseline and GC/E2-responsive expression of several clock genes, indicating that KLF9 may function as a regulator of the core clock machinery. Characterization of the role of KLF9 using complementary cancer hallmark assays in the context of the hormone-circadian axis revealed that KLF9 plays a tumor-suppressive role in BCa regardless of molecular subtype. KLF9 potentiated the anti-tumorigenic effects of GC in E2 receptor + luminal MCF7 cells, while it restrained GC-enhanced oncogenicity in triple-negative MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support that dysregulation of KLF9 expression and oscillation in BCa impinges on circadian network dynamics, thus ultimately affecting the BCa oncogenic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weand S. Ybañez
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
| | - Pia D. Bagamasbad
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
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Bakadlag R, Limniatis G, Georges G, Georges E. The anti-estrogen receptor drug, tamoxifen, is selectively Lethal to P-glycoprotein-expressing Multidrug resistant tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36609245 PMCID: PMC9824978 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP Binding Cassette B1 subfamily (ABCB1), confers resistance to clinically relevant anticancer drugs and targeted chemotherapeutics. However, paradoxically P-glycoprotein overexpressing drug resistant cells are "collaterally sensitive" to non-toxic drugs that stimulate its ATPase activity. METHODS Cell viability assays were used to determine the effect of low concentrations of tamoxifen on the proliferation of multidrug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400), expressing P-gp, their parental cell lines (AuxB1 and MDA-MB-231) or P-gp-CRISPR knockout clones of AuxB1 and CHORC5 cells. Western blot analysis was used to estimate P-gp expression in different cell lines. Apoptosis of tamoxifen-induced cell death was estimated by flow cytometry using Annexin-V-FITC stained cells. Oxidative stress of tamoxifen treated cells was determined by measuring levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced thiols using cell-permeant 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTNB, respectively. RESULTS In this report, we show that P-gp-expressing drug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400) are collaterally sensitive to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen or its metabolite (4-hydroxy-tamoxifen). Moreover, P-gp-knockout clones of CHORC5 cells display complete reversal of collateral sensitivity to tamoxifen. Drug resistant cells exposed to low concentrations of tamoxifen show significant rise in reactive oxygen species, drop of reduced cellular thiols and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the latter, CHORC5 cells expressing high levels of human Bcl-2 (CHORC5-Bcl-2) show significant resistance to tamoxifen. In addition, the presence of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or P-gp ATPase inhibitor, PSC-833, reverse the collateral sensitivity of resistant cells to tamoxifen. By contrast, the presence of rotenone (specific inhibitor of mitochondria complex I) synergizes with tamoxifen. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the use of tamoxifen as collateral sensitivity drug that can preferentially target multidrug resistant cells expressing P-gp at clinically achievable concentrations. Given the widespread use of tamoxifen in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, this property of tamoxifen may have clinical applications in treatment of P-gp-positive drug resistant breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Bakadlag
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Georgia Limniatis
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Gabriel Georges
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
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Thiebaut C, Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Trédan O, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. Non-genomic signaling of steroid receptors in cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111453. [PMID: 34520815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear receptor family, which are ligand-activated transcription factors. SRs regulate many physiological functions including development and reproduction, though they can also be involved in several pathologies, especially cancer. Highly controlled cellular responses to steroids involve transcriptional regulation (genomic activity) combined with direct activation of signaling cascades (non-genomic activity). Non-genomic signaling has been extensively studied in cancer, mainly in breast cancer for ER and PR, and prostate cancer for AR. Even though most of the studies have been conducted in cells, some of them have been confirmed in vivo, highlighting the relevance of this pathway in cancer. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on non-genomic signaling with a focus on breast and prostate cancers and its clinical relevance. A thorough understanding of ER, PR, AR and GR non-genomic pathways may open new perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Thiebaut
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Sud, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Song Y, Zhang Y, Fan S, Ren S, Fu L, Zhang N, Hui H, Shen X. Baicalein resensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells by reducing aerobic glycolysis and reversing mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e577. [PMID: 34841716 PMCID: PMC8567056 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle for the effectiveness of tamoxifen (TAM) to provide clinical benefit. Therefore, it is essential to identify a sensitizer that could be used to improve TAM efficacy in treating TAM-resistant breast cancer. Here, we investigated the ability of baicalein to reverse TAM resistance. We found that baicalein increased the efficacy of TAM in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of TAM-resistant cells. It also enhanced the TAM-induced growth reduction of resistant cells from NOD/SCID mouse mammary fat pads, without causing obvious systemic toxicity. Analyses using the CellMiner tool and the Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed that HIF-1α expression was inversely correlated with TAM therapeutic response in NCI-60 cancer cells and breast cancer patients. HIF-1α expression was increased in TAM-resistant cells due to an increase in mRNA levels and reduced ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Baicalein reduced HIF-1α expression by promoting its interaction with PHD2 and pVHL, thus facilitating ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation and thereby suppressing the nuclear translocation, binding to the hypoxia-response element, and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. As a result, baicalein downregulated aerobic glycolysis by restricting glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP generation, lactate/pyruvate ratio and expression of HIF-1α-targeted glycolytic genes, thereby enhancing the antiproliferative efficacy of TAM. Furthermore, baicalein interfered with HIF-1α inhibition of mitochondrial biosynthesis, which increased mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial numbers, restored the generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, and thus enhanced the TAM-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The HIF-1α stabilizer dimethyloxallyl glycine prevented the baicalein-induced downregulation of glycolysis and mitochondrial biosynthesis and reduced the effects of baicalein on reversing TAM resistance. Our results indicate that baicalein is a promising candidate to help overcome TAM resistance by sensitizing resistant cells to TAM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. The mechanism underlying the effects of baicalein consists of inhibition of HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Minqin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yuxuan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Shuangqin Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Shuang Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Lingyun Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Nenling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InterventionChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou ProvinceSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City‐Guizhou Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuizhouChina
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ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102509. [PMID: 34685488 PMCID: PMC8533760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.
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The tissue expression of MCT3, MCT8, and MCT9 genes in women with breast cancer. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1065-1077. [PMID: 34097251 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate. Malignant cell transformation is associated with metabolic changes. One group of proteins that are affected is the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs-SLC16A). The MCTs comprise 14 members, and they play an important role in the growth, proliferation, and metabolism of cancer cells by transporting monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and thyroid hormones. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the expression of MCT3 (SLC16A8), MCT8 (SLC16A2) and MCT9 (SLC16A9) genes in breast cancer samples, comparing to normal adjacent tissues. METHODS Forty paired breast cancer tumor samples, the adjacent non-tumor and five healthy tissues were collected. Three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3) were also analyzed. The expression of SLC16A8, SLC16A2 and SLC16A9 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. The relationship between gene expression with the pathological features of the tumors, and the hormone receptors status of the patient's tumors were also analyzed. RESULTS There was a significantly lower expression of the MCT3 gene in tumor samples compared to adjacent normal tissue and healthy samples (p value < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of all three candidate genes between the BC tissues and normal tissues, and for the, tissues with different hormone receptor status and the molecular subtypes. Altered MCT8 and MCT9 gene expression was associated with a reduced survival CONCLUSION: MCT3 expression is significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue. MCT3 may represent a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer patients, or in some hormone receptor subgroups.
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Khandelwal Gilman KA, Han S, Won YW, Putnam CW. Complex interactions of lovastatin with 10 chemotherapeutic drugs: a rigorous evaluation of synergism and antagonism. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:356. [PMID: 33823841 PMCID: PMC8022429 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence bearing on the role of statins in the prevention and treatment of cancer is confounded by the diversity of statins, chemotherapeutic agents and cancer types included in the numerous published studies; consequently, the adjunctive value of statins with chemotherapy remains uncertain. Methods We assayed lovastatin in combination with each of ten commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs in highly reproducible in vitro assays, using a neutral cellular substrate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell density (OD600) data were analyzed for synergism and antagonism using the Loewe additivity model implemented with the Combenefit software. Results Four of the ten chemotherapy drugs – tamoxifen, doxorubicin, methotrexate and rapamycin – exhibited net synergism with lovastatin. The remaining six agents (5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, epothilone, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide) compiled neutral or antagonistic scores. Distinctive patterns of synergism and antagonism, often coexisting within the same concentration space, were documented with the various combinations, including those with net synergism scores. Two drug pairs, lovastatin combined with tamoxifen or cisplatin, were also assayed in human cell lines as proof of principle. Conclusions The synergistic interactions of tamoxifen, doxorubicin, methotrexate and rapamycin with lovastatin – because they suggest the possibility of clinical utility - merit further exploration and validation in cell lines and animal models. No less importantly, strong antagonistic interactions between certain agents and lovastatin argue for a cautious, data-driven approach before adding a statin to any chemotherapeutic regimen. We also urge awareness of adventitious statin usage by patients entering cancer treatment protocols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07963-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seungmin Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles W Putnam
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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12
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Mahboobifard F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Pourgholami MH. The role of ERα36 in cell type-specific functions of estrogen and cancer development. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Öztürk-Atar K, Kaplan M, Çalış S. Development and evaluation of polymeric micelle containing tablet formulation for poorly water-soluble drug: tamoxifen citrate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1695-1704. [PMID: 32893676 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1820037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility is one of the key reasons for slow dissolution rate and poor intestinal absorption and finally that causes low therapeutic efficacy of many existing drugs. Tamoxifen citrate (TMX) (BCS Class II drug) with low water solubility has poor oral bioavailability in the range of 20%-30%, therefore, high doses are required for treatment with TMX. Self-assemblage of amphiphilic polymers leads to the formation of polymeric micelles which makes them unique nano-carriers with excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, enhanced blood circulation time, and solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this study poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer, which has been approved by FDA for oral application was used to benefit its micellar solubilization effect. Self-assembled micelles were prepared for the delivery of TMX and this way TMX solubility was increased approximately 60 times. TMX-treated cells showed 38.06 ± 1.5% viability at 50 µM concentration for 24 h; 66.71 ± 11.6% viability at 25 µM concentration for 48 h, at the same conditions TMX-loaded micelles exhibited 24.994 ± 0.25% and 43.36 ± 4.37% cell viability, respectively (p < 0.05). These results showed that the encapsulation of TMX into PEG-PPG-PEG micelles facilitated the cellular uptake, which led to an increased cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cancer cells. Tablet formulation containing lyophilized TMX-loaded micelles was showed an improved dissolution than commercial TMX tablet (Tamoxifen® TEVA). It can be reasonably expected that the obtained drug dissolution rate and increased cytotoxicity to tumor cells will result in an increase of TMX bioavailability and tolerability associated with an important dose reduction and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvılcım Öztürk-Atar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kaplan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Çalış
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Flavonoids Restore Platinum Drug Sensitivity to Ovarian Carcinoma Cells in a Phospho-ERK1/2-Dependent Fashion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186533. [PMID: 32906729 PMCID: PMC7555577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common type of gynecological malignancy; it has poor survival rates and is frequently (>75%) diagnosed at an advanced stage. Platinum-based chemotherapy, with, e.g., carboplatin, is the standard of care for OC, but toxicity and acquired resistance to therapy have proven challenging. Despite advances in OC diagnosis and treatment, approximately 85% of patients will experience relapse, mainly due to chemoresistance. The latter is attributed to alterations in the cancer cells and is also mediated by tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, we reported the synthesis of a platinum (IV) prodrug that exhibits equal potency toward platinum-sensitive and resistant OC cell lines. Here, we investigated the effect of TME on platinum sensitivity. Co-culture of OC cells with murine or human mesenchymal stem cells (MS-5 and HS-5, respectively) rendered them resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum, paclitaxel and colchicine. Platinum resistance was also conferred by co-culture with differentiated murine adipocyte progenitor cells. Exposure of OC cells to chemotherapeutic agents resulted in activation of phospho-ERK1/2. Co-culture with MS-5, which conferred drug resistance, was accompanied by blockage of phospho-ERK1/2 activation. The flavonoids fisetin and quercetin were active in restoring ERK phosphorylation, as well as sensitivity to platinum compounds. Exposure of OC cells to cobimetinib-a MEK1 inhibitor that also inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation-which resulted in reduced sensitivity to the platinum compound. This suggests that ERK activity is involved in mediating the function of flavonoids in restoring platinum sensitivity to OC co-cultured with cellular components of the TME. Our data show the potential of combining flavonoids with standard therapy to restore drug sensitivity to OC cells and overcome TME-mediated platinum drug resistance.
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15
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Altharawi A, Rahman KM, Chan KLA. Identifying the Responses from the Estrogen Receptor-Expressed MCF7 Cells Treated in Anticancer Drugs of Different Modes of Action Using Live-Cell FTIR Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12698-12706. [PMID: 32548453 PMCID: PMC7288356 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that changes in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of living MDA-MB-231 cells (a triple negative cell line) upon exposure to anticancer drugs reflect the changes in the cellular compositions which are correlated to the modes of action of drugs. In the present study, MCF7 cells (an estrogen receptor expressing breast cancer cell line) were exposed to three anticancer drugs belonging to two well-characterized anticancer classes: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and DNA-intercalating agent. First, we evaluated if the changes in the spectrum of cells are according to the modes of action of drugs and the characteristics of the MCF7 cell line in the same way as the MDA-MB-231 cell. Living MCF7 cells were treated in the three drugs at half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the difference spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated clear separation between tamoxifen/toremifene (SERM)-treated cells from the doxorubicin (DNA-intercalator)-treated and untreated cells (control). Tamoxifen and toremifene induced similar spectral changes in the cellular compositions of MCF7 cells and lead to the clustering of these two drugs in the same quadrant of the principal component 1 (PC1) versus PC2 score plots. The separation is mostly attributed to their similar modes of actions. However, doxorubicin-treated MCF7 cells highlighted spectral changes that mainly occur in bands at 1085 and 1200-1240 cm-1, which could be associated with the DNA-intercalation effects of the drug. Second, the pairwise PCA at various individual time points was employed to investigate whether the spectral changes of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in response to the IC50 of tamoxifen/toremifene and doxorubicin are dependent on the characteristics of the cell lines. The estrogen-expressing MCF7 cells demonstrated significant differences in response to the SERMs in comparison to the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that different modes of action have taken place in the two tested cell lines. In contrast, the doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells show similar changes in 1150-950 cm-1, which indicates that the DNA intercalation effect of doxorubicin is found in both cell lines. The results have demonstrated that live-cell FTIR analysis is sensitive to the different modes of action from the same drugs on cells with different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altharawi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer Studies and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
- College
of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz
University, Al-Kharj 16278, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer Studies and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Ka Lung Andrew Chan
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer Studies and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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Higazy IM. Brain targeting stealth lipomers of combined antiepileptic-anti-inflammatory drugs as alternative therapy for conventional anti-Parkinson's. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:33-57. [PMID: 31920431 PMCID: PMC6950972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an alternative therapy to conventional anti-Parkinson's treatment strategies; where motor and non-motor symptomatic complications are considered. Thus; providing sustainability, patient compliance, therapeutic safety and efficiency, based on triggering secretion of endogenous dopamine (DA). Exogenous DA has long been considered the best therapy, however, its poor blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, fluctuated plasma levels, and non-motor complications negligence, decreased response to therapy with time. Consequently; brain targeting Tween®80-coated pegylated lipomers were tailored for intravenous administration (IV) of L-Dopa, and two drugs of reported neuroprotective effect: lamotrigine (LTG) and tenoxicam (TX). Single-step nanoprecipitation method was used; for its reproducibility and ease of scaling-up. Formulation targeting and anti-PD efficiency was evaluated against marketed standards and L-Dopa. In-vitro and in-vivo pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies were carried out for setting optimization standards upon varying inter-components ratio. Results revealed that lipomers are, generally, significantly efficient in brain targeting compared to oral tablets. LTG-lipomers (LF20) showed the maximum anti-PD compared to its TX and L-Dopa analogues. Combining LTG and TX had synergistic effect; highlighting a new prescription for both drugs. Thus; offering a safe, targeted, and therapeutically efficient sustained dosage form, capable of mitigating PD risk and treating it though weekly administration. Hence; presenting a novel promising anti-neurodegenerative strategy; on employing various mechanisms that were previously achieved through additional therapeutic supplements.
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17
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Yahyaei B, Pourali P. One step conjugation of some chemotherapeutic drugs to the biologically produced gold nanoparticles and assessment of their anticancer effects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10242. [PMID: 31308430 PMCID: PMC6629879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research tried to analyze the conjugation of some chemotherapeutic drugs to the biologically produced gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in one step, without the use of any additional linkers. GNPs was produced using Fusarium oxysporum and their presence was confirmed using spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. In order to carry out the conjugation study, capecitabine, tamoxifen, and paclitaxel were added dropwise to the GNPs solution under stirring condition and spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and FTIR analyses were performed to prove the successful conjugation. Finally, AGS and MCF7 cell lines were used for methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay to determine the toxicity of each drug and its conjugated form. Results showed that the spherical and hexagonal GNPs with maximum absorbance peak around 524 nm and average sizes less than 20 nm were produced. FTIR analysis clarified the presence of proteins on the surfaces of the GNPs. After the conjugation process although the FTIR analysis demonstrated that all the drugs were successfully conjugated to GNPs, MTT assay revealed that unlike the paclitaxel conjugated GNPs, capecitabine and tamoxifen conjugates displayed no toxic effects due to their deactivation and low half-lives. Moreover the average size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the GNPs after conjugation with all the three tested drugs increased. In conclusion different types of drugs could conjugate to the GNPs but it is important to employ high stable forms of the drugs in the conjugation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Yahyaei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.,Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Parastoo Pourali
- Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. .,Biological Nanoparticles in Medicine Research Center, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
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18
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Meng LL, Wang JL, Xu SP, Zu LD, Yan ZW, Zhang JB, Han YQ, Fu GH. Low serum gastrin associated with ER + breast cancer development via inactivation of CCKBR/ERK/P65 signaling. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:824. [PMID: 30115027 PMCID: PMC6097285 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrin is an important gastrointestinal hormone produced primarily by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach. It normally regulates gastric acid secretion and is implicated in a number of human disease states, but how its function affects breast cancer (BC) development is not documented. The current study investigated the suppressive effects of gastrin on BC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Serum levels of gastrin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlation between gastrin level and development of BC was analyzed by chi-square test. Inhibitory effects of gastrin on BC were investigated by CCK-8 assay and nude mice models. Expressions of CCKBR/ERK/P65 in BC patients were determined through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test. Results The results indicated that the serum level of gastrin in BC patients was lower compared with normal control. Cellular and molecular experiments indicated that reduction of gastrin is associated with inactivation of cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR)/ERK/P65 signaling in BC cells which is corresponding to molecular type of estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC. Furthermore, we found that low expression of gastrin/CCKBR/ERK /P65 was correlated to worse prognosis in BC patients. Gastrin or ERK/P65 activators inhibited ER+ BC through CCKBR-mediated activation of ERK/P65. Moreover, combination treatment with gastrin and tamoxifen more efficiently inhibited ER+ BC than tamoxifen alone. Conclusions We concluded that low serum gastrin is related to increased risk of ER+ BC development. The results also established that CCKBR/ERK/P65 signaling function is generally tumor suppressive in ER+ BC, indicating therapies should focus on restoring, not inhibiting, CCKBR/ERK/P65 pathway activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4717-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Meng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Long Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Ping Xu
- Breast Surgery Division, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li-Dong Zu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Bing Zhang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qin Han
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Rouhimoghadam M, Safarian S, Carroll JS, Sheibani N, Bidkhori G. Tamoxifen-Induced Apoptosis of MCF-7 Cells via GPR30/PI3K/MAPKs Interactions: Verification by ODE Modeling and RNA Sequencing. Front Physiol 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30050469 PMCID: PMC6050429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is one of the most widely used and effective therapeutic agent for breast cancer. It benefits nearly 75% of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer that receive this drug. Its effectiveness is mainly attributed to its capacity to function as an ER antagonist, blocking estrogen binding sites on the receptor, and inhibiting the proliferative action of the receptor-hormone complex. Although, tamoxifen can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors, it can also promote uterine hyperplasia in some women. Thus, tamoxifen as a multi-functional drug could have different effects on cells based on the utilization of effective concentrations or availability of specific co-factors. Evidence that tamoxifen functions as a GPR30 (G-Protein Coupled Receptor 30) agonist activating adenylyl cyclase and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) intracellular signaling networks, provides yet another means of explaining the multi-functionality of tamoxifen. Here ordinary differential equation (ODE) modeling, RNA sequencing and real time qPCR analysis were utilized to establish the necessary data for gene network mapping of tamoxifen-stimulated MCF-7 cells, which express the endogenous ER and GPR30. The gene set enrichment analysis and pathway analysis approaches were used to categorize transcriptionally upregulated genes in biological processes. Of the 2,713 genes that were significantly upregulated following a 48 h incubation with 250 μM tamoxifen, most were categorized as either growth-related or pro-apoptotic intermediates that fit into the Tp53 and/or MAPK signaling pathways. Collectively, our results display that the effects of tamoxifen on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line are mediated by the activation of important signaling pathways including Tp53 and MAPKs to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Safarian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gholamreza Bidkhori
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines via ROS-mediated activation of ERK1/2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63870-63886. [PMID: 27564099 PMCID: PMC5325410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bladder cancer to cisplatin is a major obstacle to successful treatment. In the current study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of curcumin and cisplatin co-treatment in 253J-Bv(p53 wild-type) and T24(p53 mutant) bladder cancer. We found that curcumin and cisplatin co-treatment primarily targets reactive oxygen species(ROS) and extracellular regulated kinase(ERK) signaling during the apoptosis induction in bladder cancer. The apoptosis rate in 253J-Bv and T24 cells co-treated with curcumin and cisplatin was increased compared to that in cells exposed to single-agent treatment conditions. Also, caspase-3 activation and ROS production were observed in both cells treated with curcumin and cisplatin, together with upregulation of p-MEK and p-ERK1/2 signaling. NAC(ROS scavenger) and U0126(ERK inhibitor) inhibited apoptosis induced by curcumin and cisplatin. In addition, when 253J-Bv cells were co-treated with curcumin and cisplatin, p53 and p21 expression levels were markedly increased when compared to controls. Unlike 253J-Bv cells, T24 cells were co-treated with curcumin and cisplatin revealed an induction of apoptosis through decreased p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) expression. Moreover, pretreatment with U0126 suppressed curcumin and cisplatin-induced upregulation of p53, p21, and p-STAT3 and downregulation of survival proteins in both cells. In conclusion, co-treatment with curcumin and cisplatin synergistically induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated activation of ERK1/2 in bladder cancer.
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Design and development of microemulsion systems of a new antineoplaston A10 analog for enhanced intravenous antitumor activity: In vitro characterization, molecular docking, 125I-radiolabeling and in vivo biodistribution studies. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:240-253. [PMID: 29733973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A10, (3-phenylacetylamino-2,6-piperidinedione), is a natural peptide with broad antineoplastic activity. Recently, in vitro antitumor effect of a new A10 analog [3-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)-2,6-piperidinedione] (MPD) has been verified. However, poor aqueous solubility represents an obstacle towards intravenous formulation of MPD and impedes successful in vivo antitumor activity. To surmount such limitation, MPD microemulsion (MPDME) was developed. A 3122 full factorial design using Design-Expert® software was adopted to study the influence of different parameters and select the optimum formulation (MPDME1). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed spherical droplets of MPDME1. The cytotoxicity of MPDME1 in Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cell line exceeded that of MPD solution (MPDS) and tamoxifen. Compatibility with injectable diluents, in vitro hemolytic studies and in vivo histopathological examination confirmed the safety of parenteral application of MPDME1. Molecular docking results showed almost same binding affinity of A10, MPD and 125I-MPD with histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) receptor. Accordingly, radioiodination of MPDME1 and MPDS was done via direct electrophilic substitution reaction. Biodistribution of 125I-MPDME1 and 125I-MPDS in normal and tumor (ascites and solid) bearing mice showed high accumulation of 125I-MPDME1 in tumor tissues. Overall, the results proved that MPDME represents promising parenteral delivery system capable of improving antineoplastic activity of MPD.
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Ku JM, Hong SH, Kim HI, Lim YS, Lee SJ, Kim M, Seo HS, Shin YC, Ko SG. Cucurbitacin D exhibits its anti-cancer effect in human breast cancer cells by inhibiting Stat3 and Akt signaling. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x17751809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are triterpenoids commonly found in Cucurbitaceae and Cruciferae and have long been used in traditional medicine. Cucurbitacins demonstrate anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. We investigated whether cucurbitacin D affects viability in breast cancer cells and its mechanism of action. An MTT assay was used to measure the viability of breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of various modulators, such as p-p53, p-Stat3, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB. Doxorubicin and cucurbitacin D affected the viability of MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 cells. Cucurbitacin D and doxorubicin increased p-p53 expression in MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cucurbitacin D suppressed p-Akt, p-NF-κB, and p-Stat3 expression in MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 cells. Doxorubicin alone did not decrease p-Akt and p-Stat3 levels. Cucurbitacin D decreased p-NF-κB and p-Stat3 levels. Doxorubicin in combination with cucurbitacin D increased p-p53 levels and suppressed Akt, NF-κB, Stat3, and Bcl-2 expression more than cucurbitacin D alone. Our results clearly demonstrate that cucurbitacin D could be a useful compound for treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mo Ku
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Seul Lim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mia Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease (Stroke Center), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Dai X, Cheng H, Bai Z, Li J. Breast Cancer Cell Line Classification and Its Relevance with Breast Tumor Subtyping. J Cancer 2017; 8:3131-3141. [PMID: 29158785 PMCID: PMC5665029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cell lines have been widely used for breast cancer modelling which encompasses a panel of diseases with distinct phenotypical associations. Though cell lines provide unlimited homogenous materials for tumor studies and are relatively easy to culture, they are known to accumulate mutations duringthe initial establishment and subsequent series of cultivations. Thus, whether breast cancer cell line heterogeneity reflects that of carcinoma remains an important issue to resolve before drawing any reliable conclusion at the tumor level using cell lines. Inconsistent nomenclatures used for breast cancer cell line subtyping and the different number of subtypes grouped for cell lines and tumors make their direct matching elusive. By analyzing the molecular features of 92 breast cancer cell lines as documented by different literatures, we categorize 84 cell lines into 5 groups to be consistent with breast tumor classification. After combing through these cell lines, we summarized the molecular features, genetically and epigenetically, of each subtype, and manually documented 10 cell lines lacking explicit information on subtyping. Nine cell lines, either found inconsistent on their primary molecular features from different studies or being contaminated at the origin, are not suggested as the first choice for experimental use. We conclude that breast tumor cell lines, though having a high mutational frequency with many uncertainties and could not fully capture breast cancer heterogeneity, are feasible but crude models for tumors of the same subtype. New cell lines with enriched interferon regulated genes need to be established to enlarge the coverage of cell lines on tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongye Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Kaur R, Manjal SK, Rawal RK, Kumar K. Recent synthetic and medicinal perspectives of tryptanthrin. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4533-4552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Liao XH, Xiang Y, Yu CX, Li JP, Li H, Nie Q, Hu P, Zhou J, Zhang TC. STAT3 is required for MiR-17-5p-mediated sensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15763-15774. [PMID: 28178652 PMCID: PMC5362521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) controls cell survival, growth, migration, and invasion. Here, we observed that STAT3 exerted anti-apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells. On the other hand, miR-17-5p induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and overexpression of miR-17-5p sensitized MCF-7 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via STAT3. Overexpression of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells decreased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, but STAT3 knockout abolished the miR-17-5p-induced increases in apoptosis. Finally, miR-17-5p promoted apoptosis by increasing p53 expression, which was inhibited by STAT3. These results demonstrate a novel pathway via which miR-17-5p inhibits STAT3 and increases p53 expression to promote apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xi Yu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Qi Nie
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China.,Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Hubei, 430023, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430081, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China
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26
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O’Halloran N, Courtney D, Kerin MJ, Lowery AJ. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Novel Approaches to Breast Reconstruction: Their Suitability for Tissue Engineering and Oncological Safety. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2017; 11:1178223417726777. [PMID: 29104428 PMCID: PMC5562338 DOI: 10.1177/1178223417726777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are rapidly becoming the gold standard cell source for tissue engineering strategies and hold great potential for novel breast reconstruction strategies. However, their use in patients with breast cancer is controversial and their oncological safety, particularly in relation to local disease recurrence, has been questioned. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies using ADSCs report conflicting data on their suitability for adipose tissue regeneration in patients with cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential role for ADSCs in breast reconstruction and to examine the evidence relating to the oncologic safety of their use in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O’Halloran
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Donald Courtney
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife J Lowery
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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27
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Wang Q, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Fan Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Dong Q, Ma Y, Teng YE, Qu X, Liu Y. Tamoxifen reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by demethylating miR-200c in triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:492. [PMID: 28724364 PMCID: PMC5518097 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the efficacy of tamoxifen (TAM) for breast cancer has been attributed to inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, recent evidence indicates that TAM also possesses ER-independent antitumor activity through an unclear mechanism. The present study investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of TAM on mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods The inhibitory effect of TAM on tumor migration and metastasis was analyzed by transwell chamber in vitro and by murine xenograft model in vivo. The promoter sequence of miR-200c was predicted by an online CpG island predictor. Relative expression of miR-200c was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results After treatment with TAM, mesenchymal TNBC cells (MCF-7/ADR and MDA-MB-231) morphologically changed from mesenchymal to epithelial types. Meanwhile, cell migration ability was also significantly decreased in ER-positive breast cancer cells after exposure to TAM. Consistent with these in-vitro results, TAM significantly suppressed lung metastasis rate of mesenchymal TNBC cells in murine xenograft tumors. miRNA array analysis of two types of breast cancer cells showed that miR-200c expression was inhibited in mesenchymal TNBC cells, but increased after TAM treatment due to demethylation of miR-200c promoters. Conclusions Our results indicate that TAM inhibits cell migration and enhances chemosensitivity of mesenchymal TNBC cells by reversing their EMT-like property; and that this EMT-reversal effect results from upregulation of miR-200c through demethylating its promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first explanation of a non-ER-related mechanism for the effect of TAM on mesenchymal TNBC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3457-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-E Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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28
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Milosavljevic MZ, Jovanovic IP, Pejnovic NN, Mitrovic SLJ, Arsenijevic NN, Simovic Markovic BJ, Lukic ML. Deletion of IL-33R attenuates VEGF expression and enhances necrosis in mammary carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18106-15. [PMID: 26919112 PMCID: PMC4951275 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/IL-33 receptor (IL-33R, ST2) signaling pathway promotes mammary cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting anti-tumor immunity. However, the role of IL-33/IL-33R axis in neoangiogenesis and tumor necrosis is not elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-33/IL-33R axis in mammary tumor necrosis. Deletion of IL-33R (ST2) gene in BALB/c mice enhanced tumor necrosis and attenuated tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer model, which was associated with markedly decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-33 in mammary tumor cells. We next analyzed IL-33, IL-33R and VEGF expression and microvascular density (MVD) in breast tumors from 40 female patients with absent or present tumor necrosis. We found significantly higher expression of IL-33, IL-33R and VEGF in breast cancer tissues with absent tumor necrosis. Both, IL-33 and IL-33R expression correlated with VEGF expression in tumor cells. Further, VEGF expression positively correlated with MVD in perinecrotic zone. Taking together, our data indicate that IL-33/IL-33R pathway is critically involved in mammary tumor growth by facilitating expression of pro-angiogenic VEGF in tumor cells and attenuating tumor necrosis. These data add an unidentified mechanism by which IL-33/IL-33R axis facilitates tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nada N Pejnovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa N Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana J Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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29
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Hardie J, Jiang Y, Tetrault E, Ghazi P, Tonga GY, Farkas M, Rotello VM. Simultaneous cytosolic delivery of a chemotherapeutic and siRNA using nanoparticle-stabilized nanocapsules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:374001. [PMID: 27505356 PMCID: PMC5011398 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/37/374001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on nanoparticle-stabilized capsules (NPSCs) as a platform for the co-delivery of survivin-targeted siRNA and tamoxifen. These capsules feature an inner oil core that provides a carrier for tamoxifen, and is coated on the surface with positively charged nanoparticles self-assembled with siRNA. The multifaceted chemical nature of the NPSC system enables the simultaneous delivery of both payloads directly into the cytosol in vitro. The NPSC co-delivery of tamoxifen and survivin-targeted siRNA into breast cancer cells disables the pathways that inhibit apoptosis, resulting in enhanced breast cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Tetrault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Phaedra Ghazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gulen Yesilbag Tonga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michelle Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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30
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An in vitro model for the development of acquired tamoxifen resistance. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:563-581. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Effects of ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on human breast tissue ex vivo. Menopause 2016; 23:719-30. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Tzenov YR, Andrews P, Voisey K, Gai L, Carter B, Whelan K, Popadiuk C, Kao KR. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and betulinic acid act synergistically to target ERα and SP1 transcription factor dependent Pygopus expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:518-26. [PMID: 26645832 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor (ER and PR) expression in invasive breast cancer predicts response to hormone disruptive therapy. Pygopus2 (hPYGO2) encodes a chromatin remodelling protein important for breast cancer growth and cell cycle progression. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of expression of hPYGO2 in breast cancer and to examine how this expression is affected therapeutically. METHODS hPYGO2 and ER protein expression was examined in a breast tumour microarray by immunohistochemistry. hPYGO2 RNA and protein expression was examined in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines in the presence of selective estrogen hormone receptor modulator drugs and the specificity protein-1 (SP1) inhibitor, betulinic acid (BA). The effects of these drugs on the ability for ER and SP1 to bind the hPYGO2 promoter and affect cell cycle progression were studied using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS hPYGO2 was expressed in seven of eight lines and in nuclei of 98% of 65 breast tumours, including 3 Ductal carcinoma in situ and 62 invasive specimens representing ER-negative (22%) and ER-positive (78%) cases. Treatment with either 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) or fulvestrant reduced hPYGO2 mRNA 10-fold and protein 5-10-fold within 4 h. Promoter analysis indicated an ER/SP1 binding site at nt -225 to -531 of hPYGO2. SP1 RNA interference and BA reduced hPYGO2 protein and RNA expression by fivefold in both ER- and ER+ cells. Further attenuation was achieved by combining BA and 4-OHT resulting in eightfold reduction in cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a mechanistic link between hormone signalling and the growth transcriptional programme. The activation of its expression by ERα and/or SP1 suggests hPYGO2 as a theranostic target for hormone therapy responsive and refractory breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian R Tzenov
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Phillip Andrews
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kim Voisey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Luis Gai
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Beverley Carter
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kathryn Whelan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth R Kao
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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33
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Motawi TK, Abdelazim SA, Darwish HA, Elbaz EM, Shouman SA. Could Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Expand the Antitumor Effect of Tamoxifen in Breast Carcinoma? Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:435-45. [PMID: 27007181 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite tamoxifen (TAM) is beneficial in treating a significant proportion of patients with breast cancer, many women still relapse after long-term therapy. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a component of honeybee propolis, with a plethora of important biological actions including anticancer activity. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity, the type of drugs interaction as well as the apoptotic and autophagic pathways of the combined treatment of TAM and CAPE in MCF-7 cells. Their antitumor activity and effect on survival of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor were also analyzed. The results showed synergistic cytotoxic effects, manifested by significant activation of apoptotic machinery, along with downregulation of protein levels of Bcl-2 and beclin-1, upon using the combination regimen. However, the ratio between microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II and -I was not altered. Moreover, a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor level was detected. Similarly, TAM + CAPE increased the life span of tumor-bearing animals and caused a marked regression in their tumor size and weight compared with those treated with either TAM or CAPE alone. In conclusion, CAPE relatively improved the anticancer activity of TAM in both in vitro and in vivo models via its apoptotic and angiostatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samy A Abdelazim
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Darwish
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Eman M Elbaz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- b Department of Cancer Biology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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34
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Tamoxifen promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in vitro. Neuroscience 2016; 319:146-54. [PMID: 26820594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most promising therapeutic approach to finding the cure for devastating demyelinating conditions is the identification of clinically safe pharmacological agents that can promote differentiation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here we show that the breast cancer medication tamoxifen (TMX), with well-documented clinical safety and confirmed beneficial effects in various models of demyelinating conditions, stimulates differentiation of rat glial progenitors to mature oligodendrocytes in vitro. Clinically applicable doses of TMX significantly increased both the number of CNPase-positive oligodendrocytes and protein levels of myelin basic protein, measured with Western blots. Furthermore, we also found that OPC differentiation was stimulated, not only by the pro-drug TMX-citrate (TMXC), but also by two main TMX metabolites, 4-hydroxy-TMX and endoxifen. Differentiating effects of TMXC and its metabolites were completely abolished in the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI182780. In contrast to TMXC and 4-hydroxy-TMX, endoxifen also induced astrogliogenesis, but independent of the ER activation. In sum, we showed that the TMX prodrug and its two main metabolites (4-hydroxy-TMX and endoxifen) promote ER-dependent oligodendrogenesis in vitro, not reported before. Given that differentiating effects of TMX were achieved with clinically safe doses, TMX is likely one of the most promising FDA-approved drugs for the possible treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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35
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Matai I, Gopinath P. Hydrophobic myristic acid modified PAMAM dendrimers augment the delivery of tamoxifen to breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cationic generation 5 polyamido amine (G5 PAMAM) dendrimers were hydrophobically modified by grafting the surface with lipid-like myristic acid (My) tails to augment their potential as a drug delivery vector in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Matai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - P. Gopinath
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
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36
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War SA, Kim B, Kumar U. Human somatostatin receptor-3 distinctively induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:129-44. [PMID: 26112183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) mediates cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects through five somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5). The modest clinical benefits of SST analogs in cancers of different origin such as breast cancer are attributed to diminished SSTRs expression at tumor sites. In the present study, SSTR3 was overexpressed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and analyzed for downstream signaling molecules associated with cytostatic and cytotoxic effect. Cells overexpressing SSTR3 displayed inhibition of EGF induced proliferation and enhanced antiproliferative effect of SSTR3-specific agonist in comparison to non-transfected cells. SSTR3 overexpression in MCF-7 cells (R3-MCF-7) constitutively enhanced TUNEL staining, PARP-1 and p27(Kip1) expression suggesting apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Conversely, R3-MB-231 cells with SSTR3 overexpression exerted cytostatic and were devoid of any cytotoxic effects. The expression of PTP-1C and the status of ERK1/2, p38 and PI3K phosphorylation was modulated in a cell-specific manner. These findings provide new insights in understanding the antiproliferative role of SSTR3 in breast tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A War
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian Kim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Takeuchi H, Mmeje CO, Jinesh GG, Taoka R, Kamat AM. Sequential gemcitabine and tamoxifen treatment enhances apoptosis and blocks transformation in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2738-44. [PMID: 26323344 PMCID: PMC4583834 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy for which regional or metastatic disease is identified at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether tamoxifen (Tam), an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, can sensitize bladder cancer cell lines to gemcitabine (Gem) chemotherapy. ERα and ERβ protein levels were determined in each cell line using western blot analysis. The TCC-Sup, 5637, and RT4 bladder cancer cells were exposed to various concentrations and regimens of Tam or Gem alone or in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and propidium iodide followed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was then evaluated by western blot analysis. Treated TCC-Sup cells were subjected to soft agar colony formation assay to determine the cellular transformation. Western blot analysis results revealed ER expression in the three cell lines. TCC-Sup and 5637 cells treated with a combination of Tam and Gem had lower cell viabilities than those treated with Tam or Gem alone for 72 h in TCC-Sup and 5637. Compared with the other treatments, sequential Gem followed by Tam (Gem→Tam) treatment caused the largest increase in DNA fragmentation at 72 h in TCC-Sup cells. Western blot analysis results revealed that this sequential Gem→Tam treatment increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in TCC-Sup cells. Sequential Gem→Tam inhibited the cell transformation in TCC-Sup cells. In conclusion, sequential Gem→Tam enhanced the cytotoxicity of Gem in vitro. This regimen be useful to enhance the efficacy of Gem in bladder cancer. However, future in vivo studies are required to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chinedu O Mmeje
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Goodwin G Jinesh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Cucurbitacin D induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB signaling in doxorubicin-resistant human breast carcinoma (MCF7/ADR) cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:33-43. [PMID: 26169986 PMCID: PMC4589559 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women and is a major cause of mortality in women. Doxorubicin is a generally used chemotherapy drug for breast cancer. However, multidrug resistance of breast cancer interferes with the chemotherapy. We examined whether cucurbitacin D affects doxorubicin resistance of MCF7/ADR breast cancer cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of p-STAT3, p-NF-κB, IκB, and caspases were measured by Western blot analysis. Nuclear staining of Stat3 and NF-κB was measured by immunocytochemistry. STAT3 and NF-κB transcriptional activity was detected by STAT3 and NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assays. Analysis of cell cycle arrest was performed by flow cytometry. Induction of apoptosis by cucurbitacin D was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay. More than 90 % of MCF7/ADR cells lived upon treatment with doxorubicin for 24 h. However, upon treatment with cucurbitacin D, cell death was more than 60 %. Co-administration of cucurbitacin D and doxorubicin induced apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibited upregulated Stat3 by doxorubicin on MCF7/ADR cells. Additionally, cucurbitacin D led to an increase in the IκBα level in the cytosol and a decrease in the p-NF-κB level in the nucleus. Finally, cucurbitacin D inhibited translocation of Stat3 and NF-κB and decreased transcriptional activity in the nucleus. Cucurbitacin D decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting Stat3 and NF-κB signaling in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Cucurbitacin D could be used as a useful compound to treat adriamycin-resistant patients.
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Pike S, Zhang P, Wei Z, Wu N, Klinger A, Chang S, Jones R, Carpenter J, Brown SA, DiMuzio P, Tulenko T, Liu Y. In vitro effects of tamoxifen on adipose-derived stem cells. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:728-36. [PMID: 26043659 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In breast reconstructive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that are present in clinical fat grafting isolates are considered to play the main role in improving wound healing. In patients following chemotherapy for breast cancer, poor soft tissue wound healing is a major problem. However, it is unclear if tamoxifen (TAM) as the most widely used hormonal therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment, affects the ASCs and ultimately wound healing. This study evaluated whether TAM exposure to in vitro human ASCs modulate cellular functions. Human ASCs were isolated and treated with TAM at various concentrations. The effects of TAM on cell cycle, cell viability and proliferation rates of ASCs were examined by growth curves, MTT assay and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Annexin V and JC-1 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential assays were used to analyze ASC apoptosis rates. ASCs were cultured in derivative-specific differentiation media with or without TAM (5 uM) for 3 weeks. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and histological staining. TAM has cytotoxic effects on human ASCs through apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. TAM treatment significantly down-regulates the capacity of ASCs for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation (p<0.05 vs. control), and inhibit the ability of the ASCs to subsequently formed cords in Matrigel. This study is the first findings to our knowledge that demonstrated that TAM inhibited ASC proliferation and multi-lineage ASC differentiation rates. These results may provide insight into the role of TAM with associated poor soft tissue wound healing and decreased fat graft survival in cancer patients receiving TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pike
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Zhengyu Wei
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Aaron Klinger
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Shaohua Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey Carpenter
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Spencer A Brown
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Paul DiMuzio
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Tulenko
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
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De Melo J, Tang D. Elevation of SIPL1 (SHARPIN) Increases Breast Cancer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127546. [PMID: 25992689 PMCID: PMC4438068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIPL1 (Sharpin) or Sharpin plays a role in tumorigenesis. However, its involvement in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we have systemically analyzed SIPL1 gene amplification and expression data available from Oncomine datasets, which were derived from 17 studies and contained approximately 20,000 genes, 3438 breast cancer cases, and 228 normal individuals. We found a SIPL1 gene amplification in invasive ductal breast cancers compared to normal breast tissues and a significant elevation of SIPL1 mRNA in breast cancers in comparison to non-tumor breast tissues. These results collectively reveal that increases in SIPL1 expression occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis. To further investigate this association, we observed increases in the SIPL1 gene and mRNA in the breast cancer subtypes of estrogen receptor (ER)+, progesterone receptor (PR)+, HER2+, or triple negative. Additionally, a gain of the SIPL1 gene correlated with breast cancer grade and the levels of SIPL1 mRNA associated with both breast cancer stages and grades. Elevation of SIPL1 gene copy and mRNA is linked to a decrease in patient survival, especially for those with PR+, ER+, or HER2- breast cancers. These results are supported by our analysis of SIPL1 protein expression using a tissue microarray containing 224 breast cancer cases, in which higher levels of SIPL1 relate to ER+ and PR+ tumors and AKT activation. Furthermore, we were able to show that progesterone significantly reduced SIPL1 mRNA and protein expression in MCF7 cells. As progesterone enhances breast cancer tumorigenesis in a context dependent manner, inhibition of SIPL1 expression may contribute to progesterone's non-tumorigenic function which might be countered by SIPL1 upregulation. Taken together, we demonstrate a positive correlation of SIPL1 with BC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Noomhorm N, Chang CJ, Wen CS, Wang JY, Chen JL, Tseng LM, Chen WS, Chiu JH, Shyr YM. In vitro and in vivo effects of xanthorrhizol on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with tamoxifen. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 125:375-85. [PMID: 25141924 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14024fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the herb-drug interaction of xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen in human breast cancer cells. Using MCF-7 cell line as an in vitro model, the herb-drug interaction between xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen was measured by MTT assay, luciferase reporter assay, and cell cycle analysis. The effects of xanthorrhizol on growth/autophagy related signaling were determined by immunostaining, western blotting, and real time RT-PCR. Additionally, the in vivo effect of xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen on athymic nude mice implanted with MCF-7 cells was evaluated. When MCF-7 cells were co-treated with tamoxifen and xanthorrhizol, there were no significant changes in terms of cell number, luciferase activity, percentage S-phase cells and LC3-II expression. However, using the MCF-7 implanted nude mice model, it was possible to detect significantly increased tumor volumes, a larger tumor size, and increased protein expression of P38 and P27(Kip1) in the xanthorrhizol + tamoxifen group compared to the tamoxifen-alone group. It can be concluded that while there is no significant herb-drug interaction between xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen in vitro, there is such an interaction in tumor-bearing mice, which provides important information that affects breast cancer treatment translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattanant Noomhorm
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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42
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Abstract
The serine threonine kinase Akt1 has been implicated in the control of cellular metabolism, survival and growth. Herein, disruption of the ubiquitously expressed member of the Akt family of genes, Akt1, in the mouse, demonstrates a requirement for Akt1 in miRNA-mediated cellular apoptosis. The miR-17/20 cluster is known to inhibit breast cancer cellular proliferation through G1/S cell cycle arrest via binding to the cyclin D1 3'UTR. Here we show that miR-17/20 overexpression sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by either Doxorubicin or UV irradiation in MCF-7 cells via Akt1. miR-17/20 mediates apoptosis via increased p53 expression which promotes Akt degradation. Akt1 −/− mammary epithelial cells which express Akt2 and Akt3 demonstrated increased apoptosis to DNA damaging agents. Akt1 deficiency abolished the miR-17/20-mediated apoptosis. These results demonstrated a novel pathway through which miR17/20 regulate p53 and Akt controlling breast cancer cell apoptosis.
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Noble M, Mayer-Pröschel M, Li Z, Dong T, Cui W, Pröschel C, Ambeskovic I, Dietrich J, Han R, Yang YM, Folts C, Stripay J, Chen HY, Stevens BM. Redox biology in normal cells and cancer: restoring function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway in cancer cells offers new approaches to cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:300-23. [PMID: 25481740 PMCID: PMC10173888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses a unique discovery path starting with novel findings on redox regulation of precursor cell and signaling pathway function and identification of a new mechanism by which relatively small changes in redox status can control entire signaling networks that regulate self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. The pathway central to this work, the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl (RFC) pathway, converts small increases in oxidative status to pan-activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase, which controls multiple receptors and other proteins of central importance in precursor cell and cancer cell function. Integration of work on the RFC pathway with attempts to understand how treatment with systemic chemotherapy causes neurological problems led to the discovery that glioblastomas (GBMs) and basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) inhibit c-Cbl function through altered utilization of the cytoskeletal regulators Cool-1/βpix and Cdc42, respectively. Inhibition of these proteins to restore normal c-Cbl function suppresses cancer cell division, increases sensitivity to chemotherapy, disrupts tumor-initiating cell (TIC) activity in GBMs and BLBCs, controls multiple critical TIC regulators, and also allows targeting of non-TICs. Moreover, these manipulations do not increase chemosensitivity or suppress division of nontransformed cells. Restoration of normal c-Cbl function also allows more effective harnessing of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-independent activities of tamoxifen to activate the RFC pathway and target ERα-negative cancer cells. Our work thus provides a discovery strategy that reveals mechanisms and therapeutic targets that cannot be deduced by standard genetics analyses, which fail to reveal the metabolic information, isoform shifts, protein activation, protein complexes, and protein degradation critical to our discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Margot Mayer-Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410W 10th Avenue, E403 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA.
| | - Tiefei Dong
- University of Michigan Tech Transfer, 1600 Huron Pkwy, 2nd Floor, Building 520, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2590, USA.
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,10 South Pine Street, MSTF Room 600, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Christoph Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Ibro Ambeskovic
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Joerg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ruolan Han
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Yin Miranda Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Christopher Folts
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jennifer Stripay
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology 240 Longwood Avenue Building C1, Room 513B Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brett M Stevens
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Campus Box F754-AMCA, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Pathania AS, Kumar S, Guru SK, Bhushan S, Sharma PR, Aithagani SK, Singh PP, Vishwakarma RA, Kumar A, Malik F. The synthetic tryptanthrin analogue suppresses STAT3 signaling and induces caspase dependent apoptosis via ERK up regulation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110411. [PMID: 25383546 PMCID: PMC4226462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptanthrin is a natural product which has been reported to have several medicinal properties. In this study, we tried to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism of its bromo analogue (TBr), a potent cytotoxic agent in the induction of cancer cell death. It was found that TBr primarily targets STAT3 and ERK signaling during the induction of apoptosis in several human leukemia cell lines. In HL-60 cells, TBr treatment caused early down regulation of p-STAT3 with concomitant up regulation of p-ERK which led to the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The mechanism of TBr mediated inhibition of p-STAT3 was found to be due to the activation of ubiquitin dependent degradation of tyrosine 705 and serine 727 p-STAT3. As IL-6 is the main driver of the STAT3 pathway, the effect of TBr on cell death was subdued when treated in the combination with IL-6 in HL60 cells. Interestingly, PD98059 significantly reduced the apoptotic effects of TBr, thus showing the direct involvement of p-ERK in TBr mediated cell death. It was further shown that apoptotic protein Bax silencing in HL-60 cells resists TBr mediated ERK dependent apoptosis. In summary, for the first time we report the mechanism of TBr mediated cell death in human leukemia cell lines by targeting STAT3 and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Pathania
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh K. Guru
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parduman R. Sharma
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sravan K. Aithagani
- Medicinal chemistry division, Indian institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Parvinder P. Singh
- Medicinal chemistry division, Indian institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal chemistry division, Indian institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- * E-mail: (AK); (FM)
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Experimental Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Michigan North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AK); (FM)
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Duan L, Danzer B, Levenson VV, Maki CG. Critical roles for nitric oxide and ERK in the completion of prosurvival autophagy in 4OHTAM-treated estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:290-300. [PMID: 25069039 PMCID: PMC4827626 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism of tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. In this study, we showed in ER+ MCF7 cells that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHTAM) induced cellular nitric oxide (NO) that negatively regulates cellular superoxide (O2-) and cytotoxicity. 4OHTAM stimulated LC3 lipidation and formation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-labeled autophagic vesicles dependent on O2-. Depletion of NO increased O2- and LC3 lipidation, yet reduced formation of MDC-labeled autophagic vesicles. Instead, NO-depleted cells formed remarkably large vacuoles with rims decorated by LC3. The vacuoles were not labeled by MDC or the acidic lysosome-specific fluorescence dye acridine orange (AO). The vacuoles were increased by the late stage autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which also increased LC3 lipidation. These results suggest NO is required for proper autophagic vesicle formation or maturation at a step after LC3 lipidation. In addition, 4OHTAM induced O2--dependent activation of ERK, inhibition of which destabilized lysosomes/autolysosomes upon 4OHTAM treatment and together with depletion of NO led to necrotic cell death. These results suggest an essential role for endogenous NO and ERK activation in the completion of pro-survival autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Brian Danzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor V Levenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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RAFFO DIEGO, PONTIGGIA OSVALDO, DE KIER JOFFÉ ELISABAL, SIMIAN MARINA. Non-genomic actions of estradiol and 4-OH-tamoxifen on murine breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:439-47. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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47
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The importance of autophagy regulation in breast cancer development and treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:710345. [PMID: 25317422 PMCID: PMC4182068 DOI: 10.1155/2014/710345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a potentially life-threatening malignant tumor that still causes high mortality among women. One of the mechanisms through which cancer development could be controlled is autophagy. This process exerts different effects during the stages of cancer initiation and progression due to the occurring superimposition of signaling pathways of autophagy and carcinogenesis. Chronic inhibition of autophagy or autophagy deficiency promotes cancer, due to instability of the genome and defective cell growth and as a result of cell stress. However, increased induction of autophagy can become a mechanism which allows tumor cells to survive the conditions of hypoxia, acidosis, or chemotherapy. Therefore, in the development of cancer, autophagy is regarded as a double-edged sword. Determination of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy regulation and its role in tumorigenesis is an essential component of modern anticancer strategies. Results of scientific studies show that inhibition of autophagy may enhance the effectiveness of currently used anticancer drugs and other therapies (like radiotherapy). However, in some cases, the promotion of autophagy can induce death and, hence, elimination of the cancer cells and reduction of tumor size. This review summarizes the current knowledge on autophagy regulation in BC and up-to-date anticancer strategies correlated with autophagy.
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48
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Jagtap JC, Dawood P, Shah RD, Chandrika G, Natesh K, Shiras A, Hegde AS, Ranade D, Shastry P. Expression and regulation of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) in human glioma stem cells in drug-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88505. [PMID: 24523904 PMCID: PMC3921173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and aggressive of brain tumors in adults. Cancer stem cells (CSC) contribute to chemoresistance in many solid tumors including gliomas. The function of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) as a pro-apoptotic protein is well documented in many cancers; however, its role in CSC remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of Par-4 in drug-induced cytotoxicity using human glioma stem cell line--HNGC-2 and primary culture (G1) derived from high grade glioma. We show that among the panel of drugs- lomustine, carmustine, UCN-01, oxaliplatin, temozolomide and tamoxifen (TAM) screened, only TAM induced cell death and up-regulated Par-4 levels significantly. TAM-induced apoptosis was confirmed by PARP cleavage, Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and caspase-3 activity. Knock down of Par-4 by siRNA inhibited cell death by TAM, suggesting the role of Par-4 in induction of apoptosis. We also demonstrate that the mechanism involves break down of mitochondrial membrane potential, down regulation of Bcl-2 and reduced activation of Akt and ERK 42/44. Secretory Par-4 and GRP-78 were significantly expressed in HNGC-2 cells on exposure to TAM and specific antibodies to these molecules inhibited cell death suggesting that extrinsic Par-4 is important in TAM-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, TAM decreased the expression of neural stem cell markers--Nestin, Bmi1, Vimentin, Sox2, and Musashi in HNGC-2 cell line and G1 cells implicating its potential as a stemness inhibiting drug. Based on these data and our findings that enhanced levels of Par-4 sensitize the resistant glioma stem cells to drug-induced apoptosis, we propose that Par-4 may be explored for evaluating anti-tumor agents in CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kumar Natesh
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Anjali Shiras
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Amba S. Hegde
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Deepak Ranade
- Department of Neurosurgery, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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Ophiobolin-O reverses adriamycin resistance via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis sensitization in adriamycin-resistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7/ADR) cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4570-84. [PMID: 24240979 PMCID: PMC3853746 DOI: 10.3390/md11114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistance is a major obstacle facing cancer chemotherapy. This paper demonstrates that novel compound Ophiobolin-O reverses MCF-7/ADR resistance to adriamycin (ADM). The IC50 of ADM treated MCF-7 cells was 2.02 ± 0.05 µM and 74.00 ± 0.18 µM treated MCF-7/ADR cells, about 37-fold, compared to the former. However, 0.1 µM Ophiobolin-O (less than 20% inhibition concentration) combined with ADM caused the decreased IC50 of ADM to 6.67 ± 0.98 µM, indicating it reversed ADM resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells (11-fold). Furthermore, Ophiobolin-O increased ADM-induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, which is partly due to the elevation level of ROS in MCF-7/ADR cells. As we described in this paper, the reversal effect of Ophiobolin-O may be due to the reduction of resistance-related protein P-Glycoprotein (P-gp, also known as MDR1) through inhibiting the activity of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene promoter, which makes MCF-7/ADR cells more sensitive to ADM treatment. Assays in nude mice also showed that the combination of ADM and Ophiobolin-O significantly improved the effect of ADM.
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Chen N, Chon HS, Xiong Y, Marchion DC, Judson PL, Hakam A, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Permuth-Wey J, Wenham RM, Apte SM, Cheng JQ, Sellers TA, Lancaster JM. Human cancer cell line microRNAs associated with in vitro sensitivity to paclitaxel. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:376-83. [PMID: 24220856 PMCID: PMC3981115 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a mainstay of treatment for many solid tumors, and frequently, clinical outcome is influenced by paclitaxel sensitivity. Despite this, our understanding of the molecular basis of paclitaxel response is incomplete. Recently, it has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) influence messenger RNA (mRNA) transcriptional control and can contribute to human carcinogenesis. In the present study, our objective was to identify miRNAs associated with cancer cell line response to paclitaxel and to evaluate these miRNAs as therapeutic targets to increase paclitaxel sensitivity. We measured the expression of 335 unique miRNAs in 40 human cancer cell lines selected from the NCI panel. We then integrated miRNA expression data with publicly available paclitaxel-sensitivity (GI50) data for each of the 40 cell lines to identify miRNAs associated with paclitaxel sensitivity. Ovarian cancer cell lines with differential miRNA expression and paclitaxel sensitivity were transiently transfected with miRNA precursors and inhibitors, and the effects on in vitro cell paclitaxel sensitivity were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation identified 2 miRNAs (miR-367 and miR-30a-5p) associated with the NCI40 cell line in vitro paclitaxel response (P<0.0003). Ovarian cancer cells were selected based on the association between paclitaxel sensitivity and miR-367/miR-30a-5p expression. Overexpression of miR-367 in the paclitaxel-sensitive cells [PA1; IC50, 1.69 nM, high miR-367 (2.997), low miR-30a-5p (−0.323)] further increased paclitaxel sensitivity, whereas miR-367 depletion decreased paclitaxel sensitivity. In contrast, overexpression and depletion of miR-30a-5p in the paclitaxel-resistant cells [OVCAR4; IC50, 17.8 nM, low miR-367 (−0.640), high miR-30a-5p (3.270)] decreased and increased paclitaxel sensitivity, respectively. We identified and successfully targeted miRNAs associated with human cancer cell line response to paclitaxel. Our strategy of integrating in vitro miRNA expression and drug sensitivity data may not only aid in the characterization of determinants of drug response but also in the identification of novel therapeutic targets to increase activity of existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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