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Ott BD, Hulse-Kemp AM, Duke MV, Griffin MJ, Peterson BC, Scheffler BE, Torrans EL, Allen PJ. Hypothalamic transcriptome response to simulated diel earthen pond hypoxia cycles in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:519-530. [PMID: 38808773 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) occurs in earthen ponds that are characterized by diel swings in dissolved oxygen concentration that can fall to severe levels of hypoxia, which can suppress appetite and lead to suboptimal growth. Given the significance of the hypothalamus in regulating these processes in other fishes, an investigation into the hypothalamus transcriptome was conducted to identify specific genes and expression patterns responding to hypoxia. Channel catfish in normoxic water were compared with catfish subjected to 12 h of hypoxia (20% oxygen saturation; 1.8 mg O2/L; 27°C) followed by 12 h of recovery in normoxia to mimic 24 h in a catfish aquaculture pond. Fish were sampled at 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-h timepoints, with the 6- and 12-h samplings occurring during hypoxia. A total of 190 genes were differentially expressed during the experiment, with most occurring during hypoxia and returning to baseline values within 6 h of normoxia. Differentially expressed genes were sorted by function into Gene Ontology biological processes and revealed that most were categorized as "response to hypoxia," "sprouting angiogenesis," and "cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus." The patterns of gene expression reported here suggest that transcriptome responses to hypoxia are broad and quickly reversibly with the onset of normoxia. Although no genes commonly reported to modulate appetite were found to be differentially expressed in this experiment, several candidates were identified for future studies investigating the interplay between hypoxia and appetite in channel catfish, including adm, igfbp1a, igfbp7, and stc2b.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Channel catfish are an economically important species that experience diel episodic periods of hypoxia that can reduce appetite. This is the first study to investigate their transcriptome from the hypothalamus in a simulated 24-h span in a commercial catfish pond, with 12 h of hypoxia and 12 h of normoxia. The research revealed functional groups of genes relating to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and glycolysis as well as individual target genes possibly involved in appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Ott
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Amanda M Hulse-Kemp
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Mary V Duke
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Brian C Peterson
- National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Franklin, Maine, United States
| | - Brian E Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Eugene L Torrans
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States
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Cao Y, Jia Q, Xing Y, Ma C, Guan H, Tian W, Kang X, Tian Y, Liu X, Li H. STC2 Inhibits Hepatic Lipid Synthesis and Correlates with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition, Body Weight and Carcass Traits in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 38338026 PMCID: PMC10854843 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in multiple biological processes. To systemically study the biological role of STC2 in chickens, phylogenetic tree analysis and conservation analysis were conducted. Association analysis between variations in the STC2 gene and the economic traits of Gushi-Anka F2 was conducted. The tissue expression patterns of STC2 expression in different chicken tissues and liver at different stages were detected. The biological role of STC2 in chicken liver was investigated through overexpression and interfering methods in the LMH cell line. Correlation analyses between STC2 expression and lipid components were conducted. (1) The phylogenetic tree displayed that chicken STC2 is most closely related with Japanese quail and most distantly related with Xenopus tropicalis. STC2 has the same identical conserved motifs as other species. (2) rs9949205 (T > C) found in STC2 intron was highly significantly correlated with chicken body weight at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Extremely significant correlations of rs9949205 with semi-evisceration weight (SEW), evisceration weight (EW), breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle weight (LMW), liver weight and abdominal fat weight (AFW) were revealed (p < 0.01). Significant associations between rs9949205 and abdominal fat percentage, liver weight rate, breast muscle weight rate and leg muscle weight rate were also found (p < 0.05). Individuals with TT or TC genotypes had significantly lower abdominal fat percentage and liver weight rate compared to those with the CC genotype, while their body weight and other carcass traits were higher. (3) STC2 showed a high expression level in chicken liver tissue, which significantly increased with the progression of age (p < 0.05). STC2 was observed to inhibit the content of lipid droplets, triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (TC), as well the expression level of genes related to lipid metabolism in LMH cells. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the STC2 gene was significantly correlated with 176 lipids in the breast muscle (p < 0.05) and mainly enriched in omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, the STC2 gene in chicken might potentially play a crucial role in chicken growth and development, as well as liver lipid metabolism and muscle lipid deposition. This study provides a scientific foundation for further investigation into the regulatory mechanism of the STC2 gene on lipid metabolism and deposition in chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Qihui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuxin Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Chenglin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongbo Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Weihua Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.C.); (Q.J.); (Y.X.); (C.M.); (H.G.); (W.T.); (X.K.); (Y.T.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Martín AI, Moreno-Rupérez Á, Nebot E, Granado M, Jaque D, Nieto-Bona MP, López-Calderón A, Priego T. Time-Dependent Changes in Muscle IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP System after Sciatic Denervation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14112. [PMID: 37762414 PMCID: PMC10531309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Denervation-induced muscle atrophy is a frequent cause of skeletal muscle diseases. However, the role of the most important muscle growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), in this process is poorly understood. IGF-1 activity is controlled by six IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs). In skeletal muscle, IGFBP-5 seems to have an important role in atrophic processes. Furthermore, pappalysins (PAPP-A) modulate muscle growth by increasing IGF-1 bioavailability through IGFBP cleavage. We aimed to study the time-dependent changes in the IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP system and its regulators in gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic denervation. Gastrocnemius atrophy and overexpression of IGF-1 was observed from day 3 post-denervation. The proteolytic factors measured were elevated from day 1 post-denervation onwards. Expression of both IGFBP-5 and pappalysins were increased on days 1 and 3. Subsequently, on days 7 to 14 pappalysins returned to control levels while IGFBP-5 remained elevated. The ratio IGFBP-5/PAPP-A was correlated with the main proteolytic markers. All data suggest that the initial increase of pappalysins could facilitate the IGF-1 action on muscle growth, whereas their subsequent decrease could lead to further muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.M.); (Á.M.-R.); (E.N.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Álvaro Moreno-Rupérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.M.); (Á.M.-R.); (E.N.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Elena Nebot
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.M.); (Á.M.-R.); (E.N.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Paz Nieto-Bona
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad CC Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas sn, 20922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Asunción López-Calderón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.M.); (Á.M.-R.); (E.N.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Teresa Priego
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lionikas A, Hernandez Cordero AI, Kilikevicius A, Carroll AM, Bewick GS, Bunger L, Ratkevicius A, Heisler LK, Harboe M, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 inhibits skeletal muscle growth and is upregulated in functional overload-induced hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15793. [PMID: 37568262 PMCID: PMC10510475 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) has recently been implicated in human muscle mass variability by genetic analysis. Biochemically, STC2 inhibits the proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinase PAPP-A, which promotes muscle growth by upregulating the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. The aim was to examine if STC2 affects skeletal muscle mass and to assess how the IGF axis mediates muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload. METHODS We compared muscle mass and muscle fiber morphology between Stc2-/- (n = 21) and wild-type (n = 15) mice. We then quantified IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding proteins -4 and -5 (IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5), PAPP-A and STC2 in plantaris muscles of wild-type mice subjected to 4-week unilateral overload (n = 14). RESULTS Stc2-/- mice showed up to 10% larger muscle mass compared with wild-type mice. This increase was mediated by greater cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Overload increased plantaris mass and components of the IGF axis, including quantities of IGF1 (by 2.41-fold, p = 0.0117), IGF2 (1.70-fold, p = 0.0461), IGFBP-4 (1.48-fold, p = 0.0268), PAPP-A (1.30-fold, p = 0.0154) and STC2 (1.28-fold, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence that STC2 is an inhibitor of muscle growth upregulated, along with other components of the IGF axis, during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Ana I. Hernandez Cordero
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British Columbia, St. Paul's HospitalVancouverCanada
| | - Audrius Kilikevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Andrew M. Carroll
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Lutz Bunger
- Animal Genetics Company (AnGeCo)EdinburghScotland
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Lora K. Heisler
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Mette Harboe
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Oxvig C, Conover CA. The Stanniocalcin-PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1624-1633. [PMID: 36718521 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pappalysin metalloproteinases, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, have emerged as highly specific proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. The only known pappalysin substrates are a subset of the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), which bind IGF-I or IGF-II with high affinity to antagonize receptor binding. Thus, by cleaving IGFBPs, the pappalysins have the potential to increase IGF bioactivity and hence promote IGF signaling. This is relevant both in systemic and local IGF regulation, in normal and several pathophysiological conditions. Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 were recently found to be potent pappalysin inhibitors, thus comprising the missing components of a complete proteolytic system, the stanniocalcin-PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF axis. Here, we provide the biological context necessary for understanding the properties of this molecular network, and we review biochemical data, animal experiments, clinical data, and genetic data supporting the physiological operation of this branch as an important part of the IGF system. However, although in vivo data clearly illustrate its power, it is a challenge to understand its subtle operation, for example, multiple equilibria and inhibitory kinetics may determine how, where, and when the IGF receptor is stimulated. In addition, literally all of the regulatory proteins have suspected or known activities that are not directly related to IGF signaling. How such activities may integrate with IGF signaling is also important to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Tuerlings M, Janssen GMC, Boone I, van Hoolwerff M, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Houtman E, Suchiman HED, van der Wal RJP, Nelissen RGHH, Coutinho de Almeida R, van Veelen PA, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. WWP2 confers risk to osteoarthritis by affecting cartilage matrix deposition via hypoxia associated genes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:39-48. [PMID: 36208715 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the co-expression network of the osteoarthritis (OA) risk gene WWP2 in articular cartilage and study cartilage characteristics when mimicking the effect of OA risk allele rs1052429-A on WWP2 expression in a human 3D in vitro model of cartilage. METHOD Co-expression behavior of WWP2 with genes expressed in lesioned OA articular cartilage (N = 35 samples) was explored. By applying lentiviral particle mediated WWP2 upregulation in 3D in vitro pellet cultures of human primary chondrocytes (N = 8 donors) the effects of upregulation on cartilage matrix deposition was evaluated. Finally, we transfected primary chondrocytes with miR-140 mimics to evaluate whether miR-140 and WWP2 are involved in similar pathways. RESULTS Upon performing Spearman correlations in lesioned OA cartilage, 98 highly correlating genes (|ρ| > 0.7) were identified. Among these genes, we identified GJA1, GDF10, STC2, WDR1, and WNK4. Subsequent upregulation of WWP2 on 3D chondrocyte pellet cultures resulted in a decreased expression of COL2A1 and ACAN and an increase in EPAS1 expression. Additionally, we observed a decreased expression of GDF10, STC2, and GJA1. Proteomics analysis identified 42 proteins being differentially expressed with WWP2 upregulation, which were enriched for ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity. Finally, upregulation of miR-140 in 2D chondrocytes resulted in significant upregulation of WWP2 and WDR1. CONCLUSIONS Mimicking the effect of OA risk allele rs1052429-A on WWP2 expression initiates detrimental processes in the cartilage shown by a response in hypoxia associated genes EPAS1, GDF10, and GJA1 and a decrease in anabolic markers, COL2A1 and ACAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tuerlings
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - G M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - I Boone
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - M van Hoolwerff
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - A Rodriguez Ruiz
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - E Houtman
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - H E D Suchiman
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R J P van der Wal
- Dept. Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R G H H Nelissen
- Dept. Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R Coutinho de Almeida
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - P A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Y F M Ramos
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Martín-Rivada Á, Guerra-Cantera S, Campillo-Calatayud A, Andrés-Esteban EM, Sánchez Holgado M, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Pozo J, Güemes M, Soriano-Guillén L, Pellicer A, Oxvig C, Frystyk J, Chowen JA, Barrios V, Argente J. Pappalysins and Stanniocalcins and Their Relationship With the Peripheral IGF Axis in Newborns and During Development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2912-2924. [PMID: 35902207 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) modulate body growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) bioavailability through cleavage of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and are inhibited by stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2). Normative data on these novel factors, as well as on free IGF-I and uncleaved fractions of IGFBPs, are not well established. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, and STC2 in relationship with other growth hormone (GH)-IGF axis parameters during development. METHODS Full-term newborns (150; gestational age: 39.30 ± 1.10 weeks), 40 preterm newborns (30.87 ± 3.35 weeks), and 1071 healthy individuals (aged 1-30 years) were included in the study and divided according to their Tanner stages (males and females): I:163 males, 154 females; II:100 males, 75 females; III:83 males, 96 females; IV: 77 males, 86 females; and V:109 males,128 females. RESULTS Serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, STC2, IGFBP-2, total IGFBP-4, and total IGFBP-5 were elevated at birth and declined throughout childhood. In postnatal life, PAPP-A2 concentrations decreased progressively in concomitance with the free/total IGF-I ratio; however, stanniocalcin concentrations remained stable. PAPP-A2 concentrations positively correlated with the free/total IGF-I ratio (r = +0.28; P < .001) and negatively with the intact/total IGFBP-3 ratio (r = -0.23; P < .001). PAPP-A concentrations inversely correlated with intact/total IGFBP-4 ratio (r = -0.21; P < .001), with PAPP-A concentrations being lower in females at all ages. Association studies indicate the importance of stanniocalcins and pappalysins in the control of this axis in an age-specific manner. CONCLUSION This study provides reference values of pappalysins and stanniocalcins, which modulate IGF-I activity by changing the concentrations of cleaved and uncleaved IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Campillo-Calatayud
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Güemes
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelina Pellicer
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, E-28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Research Institute "La Princesa," Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA, Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurement of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Stanniocalcin-2 Binding to Each Other and to Inflammatory Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172684. [PMID: 36078092 PMCID: PMC9454698 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is implicated in the polarization of macrophages to an M1 antitumoral phenotype. The broadly expressed secreted protein stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), also implicated in tumor inflammation, is an HRG interaction partner. With the aim to biochemically characterize the HRG and STC2 complex, binding of recombinant HRG and STC2 preparations to each other and to cells was explored using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methodology. The functionality of recombinant proteins was tested in a phagocytosis assay, where HRG increased phagocytosis by monocytic U937 cells while STC2 suppressed HRG-induced phagocytosis. The binding of HRG to STC2, measured using QCM, showed an affinity between the proteins in the nanomolar range, and both HRG and STC2 bound individually and in combination to vitamin D3-treated, differentiated U937 monocytes. HRG, but not STC2, also bound to formaldehyde-fixed U937 cells irrespective of their differentiation stage in part through the interaction with heparan sulfate. These data show that HRG and STC2 bind to each other as well as to U937 monocytes with high affinity, supporting the relevance of these interactions in monocyte/macrophage polarity.
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9
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Yun EJ, Kim D, Hsieh JT, Baek ST. Stanniocalcin 2 drives malignant transformation of human glioblastoma cells by targeting SNAI2 and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:308. [PMID: 35790735 PMCID: PMC9256701 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and is refractory to conventional therapies. Although previous studies have proposed that the interaction between gene mutations and the external environment leads to the occurrence of GBM, the pathogenesis of GBM is still unclear and much remains to be studied. Herein, we show an association between human glycoprotein stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) and aggressive GBM progression, and demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Elevated STC2 expression and secretion greatly increase GBM cell growth and invasive phenotypes. Mechanistically, both, conditioned media (CM) containing STC2 and recombinant STC2, can induce the transformation of GBM cells into more malignant phenotypes by upregulating the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor, snail family transcription repressor 2 (SNAI2) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, we further demonstrate that the oncogenic function of STC2 in GBM is mediated through the MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results identify the mechanism of STC2 targeting SNAI2 and MMPs through the MAPK pathway in GBM, and provide insights into a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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10
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Ail D, Samardzija M, Chang ACM, Keck J, Reddel RR, Grimm C. Stanniocalcin2, but Not Stanniocalcin1, Responds to Hypoxia in a HIF1-Dependent Manner in the Retina. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:882559. [PMID: 35812222 PMCID: PMC9259883 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.882559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for neuroprotective factors that can prevent or slow down the progression of retinal degeneration is still ongoing. Acute hypoxic stress has been shown to provide transient protection against subsequent damage in the retina. Stanniocalcins – STC1 and STC2 – are secreted glycoproteins that are hypoxia-regulated and were shown to be cytoprotective in various in vitro studies. Hence, we investigated the expression of stanniocalcins in the normal, degenerating and hypoxic retina. We show that the expression of Stc1 and Stc2 in the retina was detectable as early as postnatal day 10 and persisted during aging. Retinal expression of Stc2, but not Stc1, was induced in mice in an in vivo model of acute hypoxia and a genetic model of chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, we show that HIF1, not HIF2, is responsible for regulating Stc2 in cells with the molecular response to hypoxia activated due to the absence of von Hippel Lindau protein. Surprisingly, Stc2 was not normally expressed in photoreceptors but in the inner retina, as shown by laser capture microdissection and immunofluorescence data. The expression of both Stc1 and Stc2 remained unchanged in the degenerative retina with an almost complete loss of photoreceptors, confirming their expression in the inner retina. However, the absence of either Stc1 or Stc2 had no effect on retinal architecture, as was evident from retinal morphology of the respective knockout mice. Taken together our data provides evidence for the differential regulation of STC1 and STC2 in the retina and the prospect of investigating STC2 as a retinal neuroprotective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andy C. M. Chang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jadwiga Keck
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christian Grimm,
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11
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Lai R, Ji L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Chen L, Hu H, Wang L. Stanniocalcin2 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of trophoblasts via activation of autophagy under high-glucose conditions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 547:111598. [PMID: 35157929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal pregnancy hyperglycemia is often accompanied by placental dysfunction. During placental development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the transformation of relatively noninvasive trophoblasts into highly invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). However, the specific role of EMT in placentas under hyperglycemia environments remains relatively unexplored. Stanniocalcin2 (STC2) regulates EMT in many cancers. In this study, we first demonstrated that STC2 expression was upregulated in GDM placenta. We found that STC2 activated autophagy and suppressed EMT in high-glucose-treated EVTs and was associated with a lack of invasiveness. Specifically, STC2 inhibited the interactions between p62/SQSTM1 (p62) and EMT transcription factors to promote the degradation of Twist1 and Snail via a proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT/AMPK signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of autophagy and EMT by STC2. Taken together, our results reveal that STC2 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in GDM and sheds light on the regulatory mechanisms of trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujie Lai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lulu Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yating Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanyang Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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12
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Raymond PW, Velie BD, Wade CM. Forensic DNA phenotyping: Canis familiaris breed classification and skeletal phenotype prediction using functionally significant skeletal SNPs and indels. Anim Genet 2021; 53:247-263. [PMID: 34963196 DOI: 10.1111/age.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a novel application of breed identification and prediction of skeletal traits in forensic investigations using canine DNA evidence. Currently, genotyping methods used for canine breed classification involve the application of highly polymorphic short tandem repeats in addition to larger commercially available SNP arrays. Both applications face technical challenges. An additional approach to breed identification could be through genotyping SNPs and indels that characterise the array of skeletal differences displayed across domestic dog populations. Research has shown that a small number of genetic variants of large effect drive differences in skeletal phenotypes among domestic dog breeds. This feature makes functionally significant canine skeletal variants a cost-effective target for forensic investigators to classify individuals according to their breed. Further analysis of these skeletal variants would enable the prediction of external appearance. To date, functionally significant genes with genetic variants associated with differences in size, bulk, skull shape, ear shape, limb length, digit type, and tail morphology have been uncovered. Recommendations of a cost-effective genotyping method that can be readily designed and applied by forensic investigators have been given. Further advances to improve the field of canine skeletal forensic DNA phenotyping include the refinement of phenotyping methods, further biological validation of the skeletal genetic variants and establishing a publicly available database for storage of allele frequencies of the skeletal genetic variants in the wider domestic dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Raymond
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brandon D Velie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein (PAPP)-A2 in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123576. [PMID: 34944082 PMCID: PMC8700087 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays fundamental roles during development, maturation, and aging. Members of this axis, composed of various ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, are regulated in a tissue- and time-specific manner that requires precise control that is not completely understood. Some of the most recent advances in understanding the implications of this axis in human growth are derived from the identifications of new mutations in the gene encoding the pregnancy-associated plasma protein PAPP-A2 protease that liberates IGFs from their carrier proteins in a selective manner to allow binding to the IGF receptor 1. The identification of three nonrelated families with mutations in the PAPP-A2 gene has shed light on how this protease affects human physiology. This review summarizes our understanding of the implications of PAPP-A2 in growth physiology, obtained from studies in genetically modified animal models and the PAPP-A2 deficient patients known to date.
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14
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Roberts Kingman GA, Lee D, Jones FC, Desmet D, Bell MA, Kingsley DM. Longer or shorter spines: Reciprocal trait evolution in stickleback via triallelic regulatory changes in Stanniocalcin2a. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100694118. [PMID: 34321354 PMCID: PMC8346906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100694118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have repeatedly modified skeletal structures to adapt to their environments. The threespine stickleback is an excellent system for studying skeletal modifications, as different wild populations have either increased or decreased the lengths of their prominent dorsal and pelvic spines in different freshwater environments. Here we identify a regulatory locus that has a major morphological effect on the length of stickleback dorsal and pelvic spines, which we term Maser (major spine enhancer). Maser maps in a closely linked supergene complex that controls multiple armor, feeding, and behavioral traits on chromosome IV. Natural alleles in Maser are differentiated between marine and freshwater sticklebacks; however, alleles found among freshwater populations are also differentiated, with distinct alleles found in short- and long-spined freshwater populations. The distinct freshwater alleles either increase or decrease expression of the bone growth inhibitor gene Stanniocalcin2a in developing spines, providing a simple genetic mechanism for either increasing or decreasing spine lengths in natural populations. Genomic surveys suggest many recurrently differentiated loci in sticklebacks are similarly specialized into three or more distinct alleles, providing multiple ancient standing variants in particular genes that may contribute to a range of phenotypes in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Lee
- Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Felicity C Jones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Danielle Desmet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael A Bell
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
- HHMI, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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15
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Aguirre M, Tanigawa Y, Venkataraman GR, Tibshirani R, Hastie T, Rivas MA. Polygenic risk modeling with latent trait-related genetic components. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1071-1081. [PMID: 33558700 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk models have led to significant advances in understanding complex diseases and their clinical presentation. While polygenic risk scores (PRS) can effectively predict outcomes, they do not generally account for disease subtypes or pathways which underlie within-trait diversity. Here, we introduce a latent factor model of genetic risk based on components from Decomposition of Genetic Associations (DeGAs), which we call the DeGAs polygenic risk score (dPRS). We compute DeGAs using genetic associations for 977 traits and find that dPRS performs comparably to standard PRS while offering greater interpretability. We show how to decompose an individual's genetic risk for a trait across DeGAs components, with examples for body mass index (BMI) and myocardial infarction (heart attack) in 337,151 white British individuals in the UK Biobank, with replication in a further set of 25,486 non-British white individuals. We find that BMI polygenic risk factorizes into components related to fat-free mass, fat mass, and overall health indicators like physical activity. Most individuals with high dPRS for BMI have strong contributions from both a fat-mass component and a fat-free mass component, whereas a few "outlier" individuals have strong contributions from only one of the two components. Overall, our method enables fine-scale interpretation of the drivers of genetic risk for complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Aguirre
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yosuke Tanigawa
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guhan Ram Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rob Tibshirani
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Fujimoto M, Andrew M, Dauber A. Disorders caused by genetic defects associated with GH-dependent genes: PAPPA2 defects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110967. [PMID: 32739295 PMCID: PMC7609568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have long been recognized as central to human growth physiology. IGF-1 is known to complex with IGF binding proteins as well as with the acid labile subunit (ALS) in order to prolong its half-life in circulation. Factors regulating the bioavailability of IGF-1 (i.e. the balance between free and bound IGF-1) were less well understood. Recently, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) was discovered as a protease which specifically cleaves IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and -5. PAPP-A2 deficient patients present with characteristic findings including growth failure, elevated total IGF-1 and -2, IGFBPs, and ALS, but decreased percentage of free to total IGF-1. Additionally, patients with PAPP-A2 deficiency have impairments in glucose metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD). Treatment with recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) improved height SD scores, growth velocity, body composition, and dysglycemia. Mouse models recapitulate many of the human findings of PAPP-A2 deficiency. This review summarizes the function of PAPP-A2 and its contribution to the GH-IGF axis through an examination of PAPP-A2 deficient patients and mouse models, thereby emphasizing the importance of the regulation of IGF-1 bioavailability in human growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Fujimoto
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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17
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Frystyk J, Teran E, Gude MF, Bjerre M, Hjortebjerg R. Pregnancy-associated plasma proteins and Stanniocalcin-2 - Novel players controlling IGF-I physiology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101330. [PMID: 32693362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I was originally discovered as a GH-dependent growth factor stimulating longitudinal growth. Currently, however, it has become evident that the biological activities of IGF-I extend well beyond those of a simple growth factor and impact such processes as insulin sensitivity, aging, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The vast majority of IGF-I is tightly bound to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which renders IGF-I unable to stimulate the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vivo. This binding means that liberation of IGF-I from the IGFBPs is an important step controlling IGF-I action. In this context, IGFBP-cleaving enzymes appear to play a key role. Enzymatic cleavage of the IGFBPs markedly lowers their ligand affinity, and as a consequence, IGF-I becomes liberated and hence available for stimulation of the IGF-IR. Two of the best-characterized IGFBP-cleaving enzymes are pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and its paralog PAPP-A2. The two enzymes (often referred to as pappalysins) regulate the liberation of IGF-I in a highly controlled manner. PAPP-A is believed to act predominantly in tissues, serving to liberate IGF-I at the cell surface in close proximity to the IGF-IR. In keeping with this notion, mice lacking PAPP-A exhibit reduced body size, despite having normal circulating IGF-I concentrations. In contrast, human findings indicate that altered PAPP-A2 activity changes circulating IGF-I concentrations, although PAPP-A2 is also present in high concentrations in tissues. Thus, PAPP-A2 appears to impact circulating, as well as tissue, IGF-I activity. The enzymatic activity of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 was recently discovered to be regulated by the protein Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2). By binding to the enzymatic sites of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, STC2 inhibits their activity. To date, the majority of findings demonstrating the ability of pappalysins and STC2 to regulate IGF-I action are from preclinical studies. However, clinical studies are now beginning to emerge. In this review, we will summarize our data on STC2, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 in humans. These results indicate that pappalysins and STC2 constitute an important IGF-I activity-regulating system that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frystyk
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mette Faurholdt Gude
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Waclawiczek A, Hamilton A, Rouault-Pierre K, Abarrategi A, Albornoz MG, Miraki-Moud F, Bah N, Gribben J, Fitzgibbon J, Taussig D, Bonnet D. Mesenchymal niche remodeling impairs hematopoiesis via stanniocalcin 1 in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3038-3050. [PMID: 32364536 PMCID: PMC7260026 DOI: 10.1172/jci133187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disrupts the generation of normal blood cells, predisposing patients to hemorrhage, anemia, and infections. Differentiation and proliferation of residual normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are impeded in AML-infiltrated bone marrow (BM). The underlying mechanisms and interactions of residual hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the leukemic niche are poorly understood, especially in the human context. To mimic AML infiltration and dissect the cellular crosstalk in human BM, we established humanized ex vivo and in vivo niche models comprising AML cells, normal HSPCs, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Both models replicated the suppression of phenotypically defined HSPC differentiation without affecting their viability. As occurs in AML patients, the majority of HSPCs were quiescent and showed enrichment of functional HSCs. HSPC suppression was largely dependent on secreted factors produced by transcriptionally remodeled MSCs. Secretome analysis and functional validation revealed MSC-derived stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and its transcriptional regulator HIF-1α as limiting factors for HSPC proliferation. Abrogation of either STC1 or HIF-1α alleviated HSPC suppression by AML. This study provides a humanized model to study the crosstalk among HSPCs, leukemia, and their MSC niche, and a molecular mechanism whereby AML impairs normal hematopoiesis by remodeling the mesenchymal niche.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- HL-60 Cells
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Waclawiczek
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Hamilton
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Farideh Miraki-Moud
- Haemato-Oncology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Bioinformatic Core Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Gribben
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Taussig
- Haemato-Oncology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Petersen LH, Lange S. Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function, and Gene Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32411128 PMCID: PMC7198796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alligators are crocodilians and among few species that endured the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. With long life spans, low metabolic rates, unusual immunological characteristics, including strong antibacterial and antiviral ability, and cancer resistance, crocodilians may hold information for molecular pathways underlying such physiological traits. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of calcium-activated enzymes that cause posttranslational protein deimination/citrullination in a range of target proteins contributing to protein moonlighting functions in health and disease. PADs are phylogenetically conserved and are also a key regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical part of cellular communication. As little is known about PAD-mediated mechanisms in reptile immunology, this study was aimed at profiling EVs and protein deimination in Alligator mississippiensis. Alligator plasma EVs were found to be polydispersed in a 50-400-nm size range. Key immune, metabolic, and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be posttranslationally deiminated in plasma and plasma EVs, with some overlapping hits, while some were unique to either plasma or plasma EVs. In whole plasma, 112 target proteins were identified to be deiminated, while 77 proteins were found as deiminated protein hits in plasma EVs, whereof 31 were specific for EVs only, including proteins specific for gene regulatory functions (e.g., histones). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed KEGG pathways specific to deiminated proteins in whole plasma related to adipocytokine signaling, while KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins specific to EVs included ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as core histones. This highlights roles for EV-mediated export of deiminated protein cargo with roles in metabolism and gene regulation, also related to cancer. The identification of posttranslational deimination and EV-mediated communication in alligator plasma revealed here contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in these ancient reptiles, providing novel insight into their unusual immune systems and physiological traits. In addition, our findings may shed light on pathways underlying cancer resistance, antibacterial and antiviral resistance, with translatable value to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galvestone, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Joshi AD. New Insights Into Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions of Stanniocalcin 2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32296395 PMCID: PMC7136389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin, a glycosylated peptide hormone, first discovered in a bony fish has originally been shown to play critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Two paralogs of stanniocalcin (STC1 and STC2) identified in mammals are widely expressed in variety of tissues. This review provides historical perspective on the discovery of fish and mammalian stanniocalcin, describes molecular regulation of STC2 gene, catalogs distribution as well as expression of STC2 in tissues, and provides key structural information known till date regarding mammalian STC2. Additionally, this mini review summarizes pivotal functions of STC2 in calcium and phosphate regulation, cytoprotection, cell development, and angiogenesis. Finally, STC2's role as a novel marker for human cancers has also been outlined. Reviewing these studies will provide an opportunity to understand STC2's structure, biological functions as well as key molecular pathways involving STC2, which will help us design innovative therapeutic interventions using this novel hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya D. Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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21
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Mukiibi R, Chen L, Vinsky M, Plastow G, Basarab J, Stothard P, Li C. Genetic architecture of quantitative traits in beef cattle revealed by genome wide association studies of imputed whole genome sequence variants: I: feed efficiency and component traits. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:36. [PMID: 31931702 PMCID: PMC6956504 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association studies (GWAS) on residual feed intake (RFI) and its component traits including daily dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and metabolic body weight (MWT) were conducted in a population of 7573 animals from multiple beef cattle breeds based on 7,853,211 imputed whole genome sequence variants. The GWAS results were used to elucidate genetic architectures of the feed efficiency related traits in beef cattle. RESULTS The DNA variant allele substitution effects approximated a bell-shaped distribution for all the traits while the distribution of additive genetic variances explained by single DNA variants followed a scaled inverse chi-squared distribution to a greater extent. With a threshold of P-value < 1.00E-05, 16, 72, 88, and 116 lead DNA variants on multiple chromosomes were significantly associated with RFI, DMI, ADG, and MWT, respectively. In addition, lead DNA variants with potentially large pleiotropic effects on DMI, ADG, and MWT were found on chromosomes 6, 14 and 20. On average, missense, 3'UTR, 5'UTR, and other regulatory region variants exhibited larger allele substitution effects in comparison to other functional classes. Intergenic and intron variants captured smaller proportions of additive genetic variance per DNA variant. Instead 3'UTR and synonymous variants explained a greater amount of genetic variance per DNA variant for all the traits examined while missense, 5'UTR and other regulatory region variants accounted for relatively more additive genetic variance per sequence variant for RFI and ADG, respectively. In total, 25 to 27 enriched cellular and molecular functions were identified with lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism being the most significant for the feed efficiency traits. CONCLUSIONS RFI is controlled by many DNA variants with relatively small effects whereas DMI, ADG, and MWT are influenced by a few DNA variants with large effects and many DNA variants with small effects. Nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory region and synonymous functional classes play a more important role per sequence variant in determining variation of the feed efficiency traits. The genetic architecture as revealed by the GWAS of the imputed 7,853,211 DNA variants will improve our understanding on the genetic control of feed efficiency traits in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Present Address: Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Mukiibi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liuhong Chen
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Vinsky
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada. .,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation in human stature. RECENT FINDINGS Human height is an anthropometric trait that varies considerably within human populations as well as across the globe. Historically, much research focus was placed on understanding the biology of growth plate chondrocytes and how modifications to core chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation pathways potentially shaped height attainment in normal as well as pathological contexts. Recently, much progress has been made to improve our understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological range of height variation within as well as between human populations, and today, it is understood to reflect complex interactions among a myriad of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors. Indeed, recent improvements in genetics (e.g., GWAS) and breakthroughs in functional genomics (e.g., whole exome sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, ATAC-sequencing, and CRISPR) have shed light on previously unknown pathways/mechanisms governing pathological and common height variation. Additionally, the use of an evolutionary perspective has also revealed important mechanisms that have shaped height variation across the planet. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying height variation by highlighting new research findings on skeletal growth control with an emphasis on previously unknown pathways/mechanisms influencing pathological and common height variation. In this context, this review also discusses how evolutionary forces likely shaped the genomic architecture of height across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Steffensen LB, Conover CA, Oxvig C. PAPP-A and the IGF system in atherosclerosis: what's up, what's down? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1039-H1049. [PMID: 31518159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase with a well-established role in releasing bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from IGF-binding protein-2, -4, and -5 by proteolytic processing of these. The IGF system has repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis, and both PAPP-A and IGF-1 are proposed biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Several experimental approaches based on atherosclerosis mouse models have been undertaken to obtain causative and mechanistic insight to the role of these molecules in atherogenesis. However, reports seem conflicting. The literature suggests that PAPP-A is detrimental, while IGF-1 is beneficial. This raises important questions that need to be addressed. Here we summarize the various studies and discuss potential underlying explanations for this seemingly inconsistency with the objective of better understanding complexities and limitations when manipulating the IGF system in mouse models of atherosclerosis. A debate clarifying what's up and what's down is highly warranted going forward with the ultimate goal of improving atherosclerosis therapy by targeting the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse B Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Hjortebjerg R, Thomsen KL, Agnholt J, Frystyk J. The IGF system in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with prednisolone or infliximab: potential role of the stanniocalcin-2 / PAPP-A / IGFBP-4 axis. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:83. [PMID: 31159802 PMCID: PMC6547608 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present with reduced serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Anti-inflammatory treatment with prednisolone or infliximab ameliorates symptoms and increases circulating IGF-I, but prednisolone induces catabolism, whereas infliximab may promote protein synthesis. Recently, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was discovered as a novel inhibitor of the enzyme pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which modulates IGF-I activity. PAPP-A can cleave IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), upon which IGF-I is liberated. We hypothesized that prednisolone and infliximab exert different effects on levels of STC2, PAPP-A, and IGFBP-4, thereby explaining the distinct metabolic effects of prednisolone and infliximab. Methods Thirty-eight patients with active IBD treated with either prednisolone (n = 17) or infliximab (n = 21) were examined before and after 7 days of treatment. Circulating levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, PAPP-A, and STC2 were measured by immunoassays. Intact IGFBP-4 and two IGFBP-4 fragments were determined by a novel immunoassay. Bioactive IGF was assessed by cell-based IGF receptor activation assay. Concentrations of IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 on day 0 and 7 were compared to healthy control subjects. Results Following seven days of prednisolone treatment, total and bioactive IGF-I were increased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Upon infliximab treatment, total IGF-I levels were augmented (p < 0.05), yet IGF bioactivity remained unaltered. Intact IGFBP-4 and the two IGFBP-4 fragments generated upon cleavage by PAPP-A were all decreased following treatment with either prednisolone or infliximab (all p < 0.05). PAPP-A levels were only increased by infliximab (p = 0.005), whereas the inhibitor STC2 did not respond to any of the treatments. Conclusion IGF-I and IGFBP-4 concentrations were markedly altered in patients with IBD and near-normalized with disease remission following treatment with prednisolone or infliximab. Thus, IGFBP-4 may modulate IGF bioavailability in IBD. The effect of immunosuppression did not appear to extend beyond the regulation of IGF and IGFBP-4, as neither PAPP-A nor STC2 were discernibly affected. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00955123. Date of registration: August 7, 2009 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Karen L Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Agnholt
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Cockrum R, Speidel S, Crawford N, Zeng X, Blackburn H, Holt T, Enns R, Thomas M. Genotypes identified by genome-wide association analyses influence yearling pulmonary arterial pressure and growth traits in Angus heifers from a high-altitude beef production system. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Dobolyi A, Lékó AH. The insulin-like growth factor-1 system in the adult mammalian brain and its implications in central maternal adaptation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:181-194. [PMID: 30552909 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the bioavailability and actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has markedly expanded in recent years as novel mechanisms were discovered on IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their ability to release IGF-1. The new discoveries allowed a better understanding of the endogenous physiological actions of IGF-1 and also its applicability in therapeutics. The focus of the present review is to summarize novel findings on the neuronal, neuroendocrine and neuroplastic actions of IGF-1 in the adult brain. As most of the new regulatory mechanisms were described in the periphery, their implications on brain IGF system will also be covered. In addition, novel findings on the effects of IGF-1 on lactation and maternal behavior are described. Based on the enormous neuroplastic changes related to the peripartum period, IGF-1 has great but largely unexplored potential in maternal adaptation of the brain, which is highlighted in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András H Lékó
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Vassilakos G, Barton ER. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulation and Its Actions in Skeletal Muscle. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:413-438. [PMID: 30549022 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is essential for promoting growth and survival of virtually all tissues. It bears high homology to its related protein insulin, and as such, there is an interplay between these molecules with regard to their anabolic and metabolic functions. Skeletal muscle produces a significant proportion of IGF-1, and is highly responsive to its actions, including increased muscle mass and improved regenerative capacity. In this overview, the regulation of IGF-1 production, stability, and activity in skeletal muscle will be described. Second, the physiological significance of the forms of IGF-1 produced will be discussed. Last, the interaction of IGF-1 with other pathways will be addressed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:413-438, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vassilakos
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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28
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Yu XH, He LH, Gao JH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in atherosclerosis: Molecular marker, mechanistic insight, and therapeutic target. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Hjortebjerg R. IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:7-22. [PMID: 29864720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a modulator of the IGF system, exerting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on IGF-induced cellular growth. IGFBP-4 is the principal substrate for the enzyme pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Through IGF-dependent cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the vicinity of the IGF receptor, PAPP-A is able to increase IGF bioavailability and stimulate IGF-mediated growth. Recently, the stanniocalcins (STCs) were identified as novel inhibitors of PAPP-A proteolytic activity, hereby adding additional members to the seemingly endless list of proteins belonging to the IGF family. Our understanding of these proteins has advanced throughout recent years, and there is evidence to suggest that the role of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in defining the relationship between total IGF and IGF bioactivity can be linked to a number of pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical findings on the IGFBP-4/PAPP-A/STC axis as a regulator of IGF activity and examines the conundrum surrounding extrapolation of circulating concentrations to tissue action of these proteins. The primary focus will be on the biological significance of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and in pathophysiology with emphasis on metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Finally, the review assesses current new trajectories of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
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30
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Roche FP, Pietilä I, Kaito H, Sjöström EO, Sobotzki N, Noguer O, Skare TP, Essand M, Wollscheid B, Welsh M, Claesson-Welsh L. Leukocyte Differentiation by Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein/Stanniocalcin-2 Complex Regulates Murine Glioma Growth through Modulation of Antitumor Immunity. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1961-1972. [PMID: 29945872 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plasma-protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is implicated in phenotypic switching of tumor-associated macrophages, regulating cytokine production and phagocytotic activity, thereby promoting vessel normalization and antitumor immune responses. To assess the therapeutic effect of HRG gene delivery on CNS tumors, we used adenovirus-encoded HRG to treat mouse intracranial GL261 glioma. Delivery of Ad5-HRG to the tumor site resulted in a significant reduction in glioma growth, associated with increased vessel perfusion and increased CD45+ leukocyte and CD8+ T-cell accumulation in the tumor. Antibody-mediated neutralization of colony-stimulating factor-1 suppressed the effects of HRG on CD45+ and CD8+ infiltration. Using a novel protein interaction-decoding technology, TRICEPS-based ligand receptor capture (LRC), we identified Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) as an interacting partner of HRG on the surface of inflammatory cells in vitro and colocalization of HRG and STC2 in gliomas. HRG reduced the suppressive effects of STC2 on monocyte CD14+ differentiation and STC2-regulated immune response pathways. In consequence, Ad5-HRG-treated gliomas displayed decreased numbers of IL35+ Treg cells, providing a mechanistic rationale for the reduction in GL261 growth in response to Ad5-HRG delivery. We conclude that HRG suppresses glioma growth by modulating tumor inflammation through monocyte infiltration and differentiation. Moreover, HRG acts to balance the regulatory effects of its partner, STC2, on inflammation and innate and/or acquired immunity. HRG gene delivery therefore offers a potential therapeutic strategy to control antitumor immunity. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1961-72. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Roche
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroshi Kaito
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet O Sjöström
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadine Sobotzki
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology & Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Noguer
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tor Persson Skare
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology & Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Welsh
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
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31
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Hjortebjerg R, Berryman DE, Comisford R, List EO, Oxvig C, Bjerre M, Frystyk J, Kopchick JJ. Depot-specific and GH-dependent regulation of IGF binding protein-4, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and stanniocalcin-2 in murine adipose tissue. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 39:54-61. [PMID: 29398370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I action through proteolytic cleavage of IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). Recently, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was discovered as an inhibitor of PAPP-A. Most members of the IGF system are expressed in adipose tissue (AT), but there is a relative paucity of information on the distribution of IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 in different AT depots. Since IGF-I expression in AT is highly GH-dependent, we used bovine GH transgenic (bGH) and GH receptor knockout (GHR-/-) mice to investigate AT depot-specific expression patterns of IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2, and whether the regulation is GH-dependent. METHODS Seven-month-old male bGH, GHR-/- and wild type (WT) control mice were used. Body composition was determined, and subcutaneous, epididymal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots were collected. RNA expression of Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and IGFBP-4 protein by Western blotting. RESULTS Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 RNA levels were differentially expressed in an AT depot-dependent manner in WT mice. Igfbp4 RNA levels were significantly higher in all white AT depots than in BAT. Pappa was most highly expressed in the mesenteric depot: levels were 7.5-fold higher in mesenteric than in subcutaneous AT (p < .001). Although intraabdominal in origin, epididymal and retroperitoneal Pappa expression levels were 69% and 68% lower, respectively, as compared to mesenteric levels (p < .001). Stc2 RNA expression was significantly higher in all intraabdominal white AT as compared to subcutaneous AT and BAT; levels in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric were all more than three-fold higher than in subcutaneous AT (p < .001) and 12-fold higher than in BAT (p < .001). Gene expression patterns in bGH and GHR-/- mice mimicked those in WT mice, suggesting that GH does not affect the transcription of the STC2-PAPP-A-IGFBP-4-axis in AT. However, proteins levels of intact IGFBP-4 were significantly increased in bGH mice and decreased in GHR-/- mice, whereas the PAPP-A-generated IGFBP-4 fragment level was unaltered. CONCLUSION Expression of Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 differ between AT depots and is generally higher in white AT than in BAT. The transcription appears to occur in a GH-independent manner, whereas IGFBP-4 protein levels are highly influenced by altered GH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Ross Comisford
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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32
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López E, Gómez-Gordo L, Cantonero C, Bermejo N, Pérez-Gómez J, Granados MP, Salido GM, Rosado Dionisio JA, Redondo Liberal PC. Stanniocalcin 2 Regulates Non-capacitative Ca 2+ Entry and Aggregation in Mouse Platelets. Front Physiol 2018; 9:266. [PMID: 29628897 PMCID: PMC5876523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a fish protein that controls body Ca2+ and phosphate metabolism. STC2 has also been described in mammals, and as platelet function highly depends on both extracellular and intracellular Ca2+, we have explored its expression and function in these cells. STC2−/− mice exhibit shorter tail bleeding time than WT mice. Platelets from STC2-deficient mice showed enhanced aggregation, as well as enhanced Ca2+ mobilization in response to the physiological agonist thrombin (Thr) and the diacylglycerol analog, OAG, a selective activator of the non-capacitative Ca2+ entry channels. Interestingly, platelets from STC2−/− mice exhibit attenuated interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 in response to Thr, thus suggesting that STC2 is required for Thr-evoked STIM1-Orai1 interaction and the subsequent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). We have further assessed possible changes in the expression of the most relevant channels involved in non-capacitative Ca2+ entry in platelets. Then, protein expression of Orai3, TRPC3 and TRPC6 were evaluated by Western blotting, and the results revealed that while the expression of Orai3 was enhanced in the STC2-deficient mice, others like TRPC3 and TRPC6 remains almost unaltered. Summarizing, our results provide for the first time evidence for a role of STC2 in platelet physiology through the regulation of agonist-induced Ca2+ entry, which might be mediated by the regulation of Orai3 channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther López
- Department of Physiology (PHYCELL) of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - L Gómez-Gordo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos Cantonero
- Department of Physiology (PHYCELL) of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nuria Bermejo
- Hematology Unit, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María P Granados
- Aldea Moret Health Center, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado Dionisio
- Department of Physiology (PHYCELL) of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C Redondo Liberal
- Department of Physiology (PHYCELL) of the Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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33
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Yang S, Ji Q, Chang B, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Li D, Huang C, Wang Y, Sun G, Zhang L, Guan Q, Xiang J, Wei W, Lu Z, Liao T, Meng J, Wang Z, Ma B, Zhou L, Wang Y, Yang G. STC2 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through modulating the PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5976-5991. [PMID: 27863406 PMCID: PMC5351606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian peptide hormone stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) plays an oncogenic role in many human cancers. However, the exact function of STC2 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. We aimed to examine the function and clinical significance of STC2 in HNSCC. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that overexpression of STC2 suppressed cell apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. By contrast, silencing of STC2 inhibited these activities. We further show that STC2 upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and enhanced HNSCC metastasis via Snail-mediated increase of vimentin and decrease of E-cadherin. These responses were blocked by silencing of STC2/Snail expression or inhibition of pAKT activity. Furthermore, clinical data indicate that high STC2 expression was associated with high levels of pAKT and Snail in tumor samples from HNSCC patients with regional lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). Thus, we conclude that STC2 controls HNSCC metastasis via the PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling axis and that targeted therapy against STC2 may be a novel strategy to effectively treat patients with metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongxue Zhu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duanshu Li
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Caiping Huang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwu Lu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Beattie J, Al-Khafaji H, Noer PR, Alkharobi HE, Alhodhodi A, Meade J, El-Gendy R, Oxvig C. Insulin- like Growth Factor-Binding Protein Action in Bone Tissue: A Key Role for Pregnancy- Associated Plasma Protein-A. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:31. [PMID: 29503631 PMCID: PMC5820303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is required for the differentiation, development, and maintenance of bone tissue. Accordingly, dysregulation of this axis is associated with various skeletal pathologies including growth abnormalities and compromised bone structure. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the action of the IGF axis must be viewed holistically taking into account not just the actions of the growth factors and receptors, but also the influence of soluble high affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs).There is a recognition that IGFBPs exert IGF-dependent and IGF-independent effects in bone and other tissues and that an understanding of the mechanisms of action of IGFBPs and their regulation in the pericellular environment impact critically on tissue physiology. In this respect, a group of IGFBP proteinases (which may be considered as ancillary members of the IGF axis) play a crucial role in regulating IGFBP function. In this model, cleavage of IGFBPs by specific proteinases into fragments with lower affinity for growth factor(s) regulates the partition of IGFs between IGFBPs and cell surface IGF receptors. In this review, we examine the importance of IGFBP function in bone tissue with special emphasis on the role of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). We examine the function of PAPP-A primarily as an IGFBP-4 proteinase and present evidence that PAPP-A induced cleavage of IGFBP-4 is potentially a key regulatory step in bone metabolism. We also highlight some recent findings with regard to IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 (also PAPP-A substrates) function in bone tissue and briefly discuss the actions of the other three IGFBPs (-1, -3, and -6) in this tissue. Although our main focus will be in bone we will allude to IGFBP activity in other cells and tissues where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, Level 7 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: James Beattie,
| | - Hasanain Al-Khafaji
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, Level 7 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pernille R. Noer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanaa Esa Alkharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Alhodhodi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, Level 7 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, Level 7 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, Level 7 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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35
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Fujimoto M, Hwa V, Dauber A. Novel Modulators of the Growth Hormone - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis: Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A2 and Stanniocalcin-2. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:1-8. [PMID: 29280739 PMCID: PMC5790331 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2017.s001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), play a critical role in human growth. In circulation, IGF-1 is found in a ternary complex with IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and acid labile subunit (ALS) but little attention has been paid to the regulation of IGF-1 bioavailability. Recently, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) and stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) were identified as novel modulators of IGF-I bioavailability. PAPP-A2 is a protease which cleaves IGFBP-3 and -5, while STC2 inhibits PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 activity. In collaboration with a group in Madrid, we reported the first human cases carrying mutations in the PAPPA2 gene who presented with short stature, elevated total IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5 and ALS, but low free IGF-1. Additionally, the patients demonstrated insulin resistance and below average bone mineral density (BMD). The PAPP-A2 deficient patients were treated with recombinant human IGF-1, resulting in improvements in growth velocity, insulin resistance, and BMD. These findings suggested that the bioactive, free IGF-1 liberated from IGFBPs by PAPP-A2 is important for human growth. Mouse models of PAPP-A2 and STC2 provide further insights into their roles in growth physiology. This review will summarize new insights into PAPP-A2 and STC2 and their role in the GH-IGF axis, thereby highlighting the importance of the regulation of IGF-1 bioavailability in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Fujimoto
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Clinic of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Clinic of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Clinic of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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36
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Ramshanker N, Aagaard M, Hjortebjerg R, Voss TS, Møller N, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N, Bjerring P, Magnusson NE, Bjerre M, Oxvig C, Frystyk J. Effects of Prednisolone on Serum and Tissue Fluid IGF-I Receptor Activation and Post-Receptor Signaling in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4031-4040. [PMID: 28945869 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Short-term glucocorticoid exposure increases serum insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations but antagonizes IGF-I tissue signaling. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify at which levels glucocorticoid inhibits IGF-I signaling. DESIGN AND METHODS Nineteen healthy males received prednisolone (37.5 mg/d) and placebo for 5 days in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Serum was collected on days 1, 3, and 5, and abdominal skin suction blister fluid (SBF; ~interstitial fluid) was taken on day 5 (n = 9) together with muscle biopsy specimens (n = 19). The ability of serum and SBF to activate the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) (bioactive IGF) and its downstream signaling proteins was assessed using IGF-IR-transfected cells. RESULTS Prednisolone increased IGF-I concentrations and bioactive IGF in serum (P ≤ 0.001) but not in SBF, which, compared with serum, contained less bioactive IGF (~28%) after prednisolone (P < 0.05). This observation was unexplained by SBF concentrations of IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 4. However, following prednisolone treatment, SBF contained less IGFBP-4 fragments (P < 0.05) generated by pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Concomitantly, prednisolone increased SBF levels of stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) (P = 0.02) compared with serum. STC2 blocks PAPP-A from cleaving IGFBP-4. Finally, prednisolone suppressed post-IGF-IR signaling pathways at the level of insulin receptor substrate 1 (P < 0.05) but did not change skeletal muscle IGF-IR, IGF-I, or STC2 messenger RNA. CONCLUSION Prednisolone increased IGF-I concentrations and IGF bioactivity in serum but not in tissue fluid. The latter may relate to a STC2-mediated inhibition of PAPP-A in tissue fluids. Furthermore, prednisolone induced post-IGF-IR resistance. Thus, glucocorticoid may exert distinct, compartment-specific effects on IGF action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilani Ramshanker
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maiken Aagaard
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Mølholm Research, Mølholm Private Hospital A/S, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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López JJ, Jardín I, Cantonero Chamorro C, Duran ML, Tarancón Rubio MJ, Reyes Panadero M, Jiménez F, Montero R, González MJ, Martínez M, Hernández MJ, Brull JM, Corbacho AJ, Delgado E, Granados MP, Gómez-Gordo L, Rosado JA, Redondo PC. Involvement of stanniocalcins in the deregulation of glycaemia in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:684-694. [PMID: 28990324 PMCID: PMC5742690 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcins are expressed in the pancreas tissue, and it was suggested a direct correlation between circulating insulin and STC2 concentrations in human. Here, we show a significant correlation between STC1 and both glycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin among DM2 patients, while DM2 patients who present the greatest glycosylated haemoglobin values exhibited the lowest STC2 expression. However, treatment of patients with antiglycaemic drugs does not significantly modify the expression of both STCs. On the other hand, STC2‐/‐ mice that exhibited neonatal and adult overweight further presented deregulated glycaemia when they were feed with a hypercaloric diet (breeding pellet, BP). This alteration is more evident at the early stages of the animal life. Deregulated glycaemia in these mice was confirmed using glucose oral test. In addition, STC2‐/‐ mice present enhanced pancreas size; thus, the histological analysis reveals that WT mice respond to BP diet by increasing the size of the pancreatic islets through inducing cell division, and STC2‐/‐ mice lack this compensatory mechanism. Contrary, BP fed STC2‐/‐ mice show enhanced number of islets but of similar size than those fed with regular pellet. Histopathological analysis demonstrates tissue structure disruption and erythrocytes infiltrations in STC2‐/‐ mice, possibly due to the stress evoked by the BP diet. Finally, enhanced glucagon immunostaining was observed in the islet of STC2‐/‐ mice, and the glucagon ELISA assay confirmed the increase in the circulating glucagon. Summarizing, we present evidence of the role of STCs, mainly STC2, as a possible early marker during development of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier López
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Luis Duran
- Animal House of University of Extremadura, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Maria Reyes Panadero
- Animal House of University of Extremadura, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisca Jiménez
- Manuel Encinas's medical center, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rocio Montero
- Manuel Encinas's medical center, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Martínez
- Manuel Encinas's medical center, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Gómez-Gordo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Cosme Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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38
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Argente J, Chowen JA, Pérez-Jurado LA, Frystyk J, Oxvig C. One level up: abnormal proteolytic regulation of IGF activity plays a role in human pathophysiology. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:1338-1345. [PMID: 28801361 PMCID: PMC5623872 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a mutation in a specific gene can be very important for determining the pathophysiology underlying the disease of a patient and may also help to decide the best treatment protocol on an individual basis. However, sometimes the discovery of mutations in new proteins advances our comprehension in a more widespread manner. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis is fundamental for systemic growth, but is also involved in many other important processes. Our understanding of this system in physiology and pathophysiology has advanced throughout the years with each discovery of mutations in members of this axis. This review focuses on the most recent discovery: mutations in the metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), one of the proteases involved in liberating IGF-1 from the complexes in which it circulates, in patients with delayed growth failure. We also discuss the advances in the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2), proteins that modulate PAPP-A2, as well as PAPP-A. These new advances not only bring us one step closer to understanding the strict spatial and temporal control of this axis in systemic growth and maturation, but also highlight possible therapeutic targets when this system goes awry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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39
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Jiao Y, Zhao J, Shi G, Liu X, Xiong X, Li X, Zhang H, Ma Q, Lu Y. Stanniocalcin2 acts as an anorectic factor through activation of STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91067-91075. [PMID: 29207625 PMCID: PMC5710906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake and body weight has been hotly investigated. In the present study, we show that stanniocalcin2 (STC2), a cytokine ubiquitously expressed and especially upregulated in many types of human cancers, has a regulatory role in food intake and weight loss. Systemic treatment of C57BL/6 mice with recombinant STC2 protein resulted in decreased food intake and body weight, whereas energy expenditure was not affected. Similarly, STC2 treatment also induced anorexia in hyperphagic leptin-deficient mice, leading to a significant reduction in body weight and improvement of blood glucose levels. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular administration of STC2 to mice led to an acute decrease in food intake, which was mediated, at least in part, by activation of STAT3 pathway. Taken together, our results revealed the importance of STC2 in the regulation of feeding behavior as well as body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiejie Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinyun Ma
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Riley DG, Gill CA, Boldt CR, Funkhouser RR, Herring AD, Riggs PK, Sawyer JE, Lunt DK, Sanders JO. Crossbred steer temperament as yearlings and whole genome association of steer temperament as yearlings and calf temperament post-weaning. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:1408-14. [PMID: 27136000 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
cattle often have the reputation for a poor or dangerous temperament. Identification of genomic regions that associate with temperament of such cattle may be useful for genetic improvement strategies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate subjective temperament scores (1 to 9; higher scores indicated more unfavorable temperament) for aggressiveness, nervousness, flightiness, gregariousness, and overall temperament of one-half steers in feedlot conditions at 1 yr of age and compare those scores of those steers when evaluated approximately 1 mo postweaning, and conduct whole genome association analyses using SNP markers and the temperament traits of those steers at 1 yr of age and for temperament traits of all calves at weaning. Contemporary groups ( < 0.001) were steers born in the same year and season, and fed in the same feedlot pen. Aggressiveness of steers at 1 yr of age was not associated with aggressiveness at weaning (linear regression coefficient did not differ from 0; = 0.96), but regressions of all other yearling scores of steers on the scores at weaning were positive (coefficients ranged from 0.26 ± 0.04 to 0.32 ± 0.04; < 0.001). Estimates of Pearson correlation coefficients (using unadjusted values and residual values) of the different traits measured at 1 yr of age were large ( > 0.63; < 0.008) except for aggressiveness with nervousness, flightiness, or gregariousness, which did not differ from 0 ( > 0.1). Five SNP on BTA 1, 24, and 29 had suggestive associations (0.17 < [adjusted for FDR] < 0.24) with aggressiveness, nervousness, or flightiness at evaluation postweaning and 13 SNP on 11 chromosomes had suggestive associations (0.07 < [adjusted for FDR] < 0.24) with aggressiveness, nervousness, flightiness, or overall temperament score of steers at 1 yr of age. Genes close to these loci with roles in neural systems of various organisms included synaptotagmin 4 (BTA 24), FAT atypical cadhedrin 3 (BTA 29), tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 1 (BTA 5), spermatogenesis associated 17 (BTA 16), stanniocalcin 2 (BTA 20), and GABA receptor γ 3 (BTA 21).
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Zhou J, Li Y, Yang L, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Yang G, Hong Y. Stanniocalcin 2 improved osteoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of ERK. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5653-5659. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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PAPP-A and the IGF system. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yeung BHY, Shek FH, Lee NP, Wong CKC. Stanniocalcin-1 Reduces Tumor Size in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139977. [PMID: 26469082 PMCID: PMC4607425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has revealed high expression levels of stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in different types of human cancers. Numerous experimental studies using cancer cell lines demonstrated the involvement of STC1 in inflammatory and apoptotic processes; however the role of STC1 in carcinogenesis remains elusive. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) an exemplified model of inflammation-related cancer, represents a paradigm of studying the association between STC1 and tumor development. Therefore, we conducted a statistical analysis on the expression levels of STC1 using clinicopathological data from 216 HCC patients. We found that STC1 was upregulated in the tumor tissues and its expression levels was positively correlated with the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Intriguingly tumors with greater expression levels of STC1 (tumor/normal ≥ 2) were significantly smaller than the lower level (tumor/normal<2) samples (p = 0.008). A pharmacological approach was implemented to reveal the functional correlation between STC1 and the ILs in the HCC cell-lines. IL-6 and IL-8 treatment of Hep3B cells induced STC1 expression. Lentiviral-based STC1 overexpression in Hep3B and MHCC-97L cells however showed inhibitory action on the pro-migratory effects of IL-6 and IL-8 and reduced size of tumor spheroids. The inhibitory effect of STC1 on tumor growth was confirmed in vivo using the stable STC1-overexpressing 97L cells on a mouse xenograft model. Genetic analysis of the xenografts derived from the STC1-overexpressing 97L cells, showed upregulation of the pro-apoptotic genes interleukin-12 and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3. Collectively, the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic functions of STC1 were suggested to relate its inhibitory effect on the growth of HCC cells. This study supports the notion that STC1 may be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory tumors in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie H. Y. Yeung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Felix H. Shek
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nikki P. Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chris K. C. Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Kløverpris S, Mikkelsen JH, Pedersen JH, Jepsen MR, Laursen LS, Petersen SV, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-1 Potently Inhibits the Proteolytic Activity of the Metalloproteinase Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26195635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a disulfide-bound homodimeric glycoprotein, first identified as a hypocalcemic hormone important for maintaining calcium homeostasis in teleost fish. STC1 was later found to be widely expressed in mammals, although it is not believed to function in systemic calcium regulation in these species. Several physiological functions of STC1 have been reported, although many molecular details are still lacking. We here demonstrate that STC1 is an inhibitor of the metzincin metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling through proteolytic cleavage of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). STC1 potently (Ki = 68 pm) inhibits PAPP-A cleavage of IGFBP-4, and we show in a cell-based assay that STC1 effectively antagonizes PAPP-A-mediated type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) phosphorylation. It has recently been found that the homologous STC2 inhibits PAPP-A proteolytic activity, and that this depends on the formation of a covalent complex between the inhibitor and the proteinase, mediated by Cys-120 of STC2. We find that STC1 is unable to bind covalently to PAPP-A, in agreement with the absence of a corresponding cysteine residue. It rather binds to PAPP-A with high affinity (KD = 75 pm). We further demonstrate that both STC1 and STC2 show inhibitory activity toward PAPP-A2, but not selected serine proteinases and metalloproteinases. We therefore conclude that the STCs are proteinase inhibitors, probably restricted in specificity to the pappalysin family of metzincin metalloproteinases. Our data are the first to identify STC1 as a proteinase inhibitor, suggesting a previously unrecognized function of STC1 in the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Steen V Petersen
- the Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and
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Hou J, Wang Z, Xu H, Yang L, Yu X, Yang Z, Deng Y, Meng J, Feng Y, Guo X, Yang G. Stanniocalicin 2 suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion via the PKC/claudin-1-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122179. [PMID: 25830567 PMCID: PMC4382185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin (STC), a glycoprotein hormone, is expressed in a wide variety of tissues to regulate Ca2+ and PO4- homeostasis. STC2, a member of STC family, has been reported to be associated with tumor development. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of STC2 is associated with migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. We found that breast cancer cell line 231 HM transfected with STC2 shRNA displayed high motility, fibroblast morphology, and enhanced cell migration and invasion. Introduction of STC2 in 231 cells reduced cell migration and invasion. In response to irradiation, silencing of STC2 in 231 HM cells reduced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of STC2 in 231 cells promoted apoptosis, compared with in control cells. Mechanistic study showed that STC2 negatively regulated PKC to control the expression of Claudin-1, which subsequently induced the expressions of EMT-related factors including ZEB1, ZO-1, Slug, Twist, and MMP9. Suppression of PKC activity by using a PKC inhibitor (Go 6983) restored the normal motility of STC2-silenced cells. Furthermore, in vivo animal assay showed that STC2 inhibited tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Collectively, these results indicate that STC2 may inhibit EMT at least partially through the PKC/Claudin-1-mediated signaling in human breast cancer cells. Thus, STC2 may be exploited as a biomarker for metastasis and targeted therapy in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xu
- Breast surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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VandeVoort CA, Grimsrud KN, Midic U, Mtango N, Latham KE. Transgenerational effects of binge drinking in a primate model: implications for human health. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:560-9. [PMID: 25492684 PMCID: PMC4314404 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if binge ethanol consumption before ovulation affects oocyte quality, gene expression, and subsequent embryo development. DESIGN Binge levels of ethanol were given twice weekly for 6 months, followed by a standard in vitro fertilization cycle and subsequent natural mating. SETTING National primate research center. ANIMAL(S) Adult female rhesus monkeys. INTERVENTION(S) Binge levels of ethanol, given twice weekly for 6 months before a standard in vitro fertilization cycle with or without embryo culture. With in vivo development, ethanol treatment continued until pregnancy was identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Oocyte and cumulus/granulosa cell gene expression, embryo development to blastocyst, and pregnancy rate. RESULT(S) Embryo development in vitro was reduced; changes were found in oocyte and cumulus cell gene expression; and spontaneous abortion during very early gestation increased. CONCLUSION(S) This study provides evidence that binge drinking can affect the developmental potential of oocytes even after alcohol consumption has ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Kristin N Grimsrud
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Uros Midic
- The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Namdori Mtango
- The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith E Latham
- The Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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The role of PAPP-A in the IGF system: location, location, location. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:177-87. [PMID: 25617049 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although discovered as a placental protein present abundantly in the circulation of pregnant women, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is widely expressed in multiple tissues. PAPP-A is a highly specific metalloproteinase binding tightly to glycosaminoglycans present on the surface of cells. By cleaving a subset of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), PAPP-A thus functions within tissues as a growth-promoting enzyme, releasing bioactive IGF in close proximity to the IGF receptor. IGFBP-4 is believed to be the principal PAPP-A substrate, and the focus in this review is on PAPP-A enzymatic activity and its role in the PAPP-A-IGFBP-4-IGF axis, which is subject to regulation at several different levels. These include e.g., transcriptional control, competing reactions potentially sequestering IGF from IGFBP-4 and hence antagonizing PAPP-A-mediated IGF activation, and proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A. The latter may involve the protein stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), recently found to potently inhibit PAPP-A activity by forming a covalent complex with PAPP-A. PAPP-A or complex-bound variants may escape from pathological tissues into the circulation. It is emphasized that the potential use of PAPP-A as a diagnostic or predictive biomarker in nonpregnant individuals requires precise knowledge of analyte identity and assay specificity in addition to an appropriate material for standardization. Finally, PAPP-A may serve as a therapeutic target to indirectly inhibit IGF signaling in tissues where this is driven by increased PAPP-A activity. By taking advantage of the intricate interaction between PAPP-A and IGFBP-4, highly specific and selective inhibition of PAPP-A is possible.
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Chou MY, Lin CH, Chao PL, Hung JC, Cruz SA, Hwang PP. Stanniocalcin-1 controls ion regulation functions of ion-transporting epithelium other than calcium balance. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:122-32. [PMID: 25561895 PMCID: PMC4279088 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) was first identified to involve in Ca(2+) homeostasis in teleosts, and was thought to act as a hypocalcemic hormone in vertebrate. Recent studies suggested that STC-1 exhibits broad effects on ion balance, not confines to Ca(2+), but the mechanism of this regulation process remains largely unknown. Here, we used zebrafish embryos as an alternative in vivo model to investigate how STC-1 regulates transepithelial ion transport function in ion-transporting epithelium. Expression of stc-1 mRNA in zebrafish embryos was increased in high-Ca(2+) environments but decreased by acidic and ion-deficient treatments while overexpression of stc-1 impaired the hypotonic acclimation by decreasing whole body Ca(2+), Na(+), and Cl(-) contents and H(+) secretion ability. Injection of STC-1 mRNA also down-regulated mRNA expressions of epithelial Ca(2+) channel, H(+)-ATPase, and Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter, suggesting the roles of STC-1 in regulation of ions other than Ca(2+). Knockdown of STC-1 caused an increase in ionocyte progenitors (foxi3a as the marker) and mature ionocytes (ion transporters as the markers), but did not affect epithelium stem cells (p63 as the marker) in the embryonic skin. Overexpression of STC-1 had the corresponding opposite effect on ionocyte progenitors, mature ionocytes in the embryonic skin. Taken together, STC-1 negatively regulates the number of ionocytes to reduce ionocyte functions. This process is important for body fluid ionic homeostasis, which is achieved by the regulation of ion transport functions in ionocytes. The present findings provide new insights into the broader functions of STC-1, a hypocalcemic hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Chou
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. ; 2. RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Chao
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Chi Hung
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shelly A Cruz
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- 1. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Jepsen MR, Kløverpris S, Mikkelsen JH, Pedersen JH, Füchtbauer EM, Laursen LS, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 inhibits mammalian growth by proteolytic inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor axis. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3430-9. [PMID: 25533459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) is a secreted polypeptide widely expressed in developing and adult tissues. However, although transgenic expression in mice is known to cause severe dwarfism, and targeted deletion of STC2 causes increased postnatal growth, its precise biological role is still unknown. We found that STC2 potently inhibits the proteolytic activity of the growth-promoting metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Proteolytic inhibition requires covalent binding of STC2 to PAPP-A and is mediated by a disulfide bond, which involves Cys-120 of STC2. Binding of STC2 prevents PAPP-A cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and hence release within tissues of bioactive IGF, required for normal growth. Concordantly, we show that STC2 efficiently inhibits PAPP-A-mediated IGF receptor signaling in vitro and that transgenic mice expressing a mutated variant of STC2, STC2(C120A), which is unable to inhibit PAPP-A, grow like wild-type mice. Our work identifies STC2 as a novel proteinase inhibitor and a previously unrecognized extracellular component of the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene R Jepsen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Kløverpris
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob H Mikkelsen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josefine H Pedersen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth S Laursen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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50
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QTLs associated with dry matter intake, metabolic mid-test weight, growth and feed efficiency have little overlap across 4 beef cattle studies. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1004. [PMID: 25410110 PMCID: PMC4253998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of genetic markers associated with complex traits that are expensive to record such as feed intake or feed efficiency would allow these traits to be included in selection programs. To identify large-effect QTL, we performed a series of genome-wide association studies and functional analyses using 50 K and 770 K SNP genotypes scored in 5,133 animals from 4 independent beef cattle populations (Cycle VII, Angus, Hereford and Simmental × Angus) with phenotypes for average daily gain, dry matter intake, metabolic mid-test body weight and residual feed intake. Results A total of 5, 6, 11 and 10 significant QTL (defined as 1-Mb genome windows with Bonferroni-corrected P-value <0.05) were identified for average daily gain, dry matter intake, metabolic mid-test body weight and residual feed intake, respectively. The identified QTL were population-specific and had little overlap across the 4 populations. The pleiotropic or closely linked QTL on BTA 7 at 23 Mb identified in the Angus population harbours a promising candidate gene ACSL6 (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6), and was the largest effect QTL associated with dry matter intake and mid-test body weight explaining 10.39% and 14.25% of the additive genetic variance, respectively. Pleiotropic or closely linked QTL associated with average daily gain and mid-test body weight were detected on BTA 6 at 38 Mb and BTA 7 at 93 Mb confirming previous reports. No QTL for residual feed intake explained more than 2.5% of the additive genetic variance in any population. Marker-based estimates of heritability ranged from 0.21 to 0.49 for residual feed intake across the 4 populations. Conclusions This GWAS study, which is the largest performed for feed efficiency and its component traits in beef cattle to date, identified several large-effect QTL that cumulatively explained a significant percentage of additive genetic variance within each population. Differences in the QTL identified among the different populations may be due to differences in power to detect QTL, environmental variation, or differences in the genetic architecture of trait variation among breeds. These results enhance our understanding of the biology of growth, feed intake and utilisation in beef cattle.
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