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Kovács A, Szabó E, László K, Kertes E, Zagorácz O, Mintál K, Tóth A, Gálosi R, Berta B, Lénárd L, Hormay E, László B, Zelena D, Tóth ZE. Brain RFamide Neuropeptides in Stress-Related Psychopathologies. Cells 2024; 13:1097. [PMID: 38994950 PMCID: PMC11240450 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The RFamide peptide family is a group of proteins that share a common C-terminal arginine-phenylalanine-amide motif. To date, the family comprises five groups in mammals: neuropeptide FF, LPXRFamides/RFamide-related peptides, prolactin releasing peptide, QRFP, and kisspeptins. Different RFamide peptides have their own cognate receptors and are produced by different cell populations, although they all can also bind to neuropeptide FF receptors with different affinities. RFamide peptides function in the brain as neuropeptides regulating key aspects of homeostasis such as energy balance, reproduction, and cardiovascular function. Furthermore, they are involved in the organization of the stress response including modulation of pain. Considering the interaction between stress and various parameters of homeostasis, the role of RFamide peptides may be critical in the development of stress-related neuropathologies. This review will therefore focus on the role of RFamide peptides as possible key hubs in stress and stress-related psychopathologies. The neurotransmitter coexpression profile of RFamide-producing cells is also discussed, highlighting its potential functional significance. The development of novel pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of stress-related disorders is an ongoing need. Thus, the importance of RFamide research is underlined by the emergence of peptidergic and G-protein coupled receptor-based therapeutic targets in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kovács
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Evelin Szabó
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Kristóf László
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Erika Kertes
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Olga Zagorácz
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Kitti Mintál
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Rita Gálosi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Bea Berta
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Edina Hormay
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Bettina László
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.S.); (K.L.); (E.K.); (O.Z.); (K.M.); (A.T.); (R.G.); (B.B.); (L.L.); (E.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Zsuzsanna E. Tóth
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Basavaraj C, Grant AD, Aras SG, Erickson EN. Deep Learning Model Using Continuous Skin Temperature Data Predicts Labor Onset. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.25.24303344. [PMID: 38464102 PMCID: PMC10925356 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.24303344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Changes in body temperature anticipate labor onset in numerous mammals, yet this concept has not been explored in humans. Methods We evaluated patterns in continuous skin temperature data in 91 pregnant women using a wearable smart ring. Additionally, we collected daily steroid hormone samples leading up to labor in a subset of 28 pregnancies and analyzed relationships among hormones and body temperature trajectory. Finally, we developed a novel autoencoder long-short-term-memory (AE-LSTM) deep learning model to provide a daily estimation of days until labor onset. Results Features of temperature change leading up to labor were associated with urinary hormones and labor type. Spontaneous labors exhibited greater estriol to α-pregnanediol ratio, as well as lower body temperature and more stable circadian rhythms compared to pregnancies that did not undergo spontaneous labor. Skin temperature data from 54 pregnancies that underwent spontaneous labor between 34 and 42 weeks of gestation were included in training the AE-LSTM model, and an additional 40 pregnancies that underwent artificial induction of labor or Cesarean without labor were used for further testing. The model was trained only on aggregate 5-minute skin temperature data starting at a gestational age of 240 until labor onset. During cross-validation AE-LSTM average error (true - predicted) dropped below 2 days at 8 days before labor, independent of gestational age. Labor onset windows were calculated from the AE-LSTM output using a probabilistic distribution of model error. For these windows AE-LSTM correctly predicted labor start for 79% of the spontaneous labors within a 4.6-day window at 7 days before true labor, and 7.4-day window at 10 days before true labor. Conclusion Continuous skin temperature reflects progression toward labor and hormonal status during pregnancy. Deep learning using continuous temperature may provide clinically valuable tools for pregnancy care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Basavaraj
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shravan G Aras
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Grant AD, Kriegsfeld LJ. Neural substrates underlying rhythmic coupling of female reproductive and thermoregulatory circuits. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254287. [PMID: 37753455 PMCID: PMC10518419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated fluctuations in female reproductive physiology and thermoregulatory output have been reported for over a century. These changes occur rhythmically at the hourly (ultradian), daily (circadian), and multi-day (ovulatory) timescales, are critical for reproductive function, and have led to the use of temperature patterns as a proxy for female reproductive state. The mechanisms underlying coupling between reproductive and thermoregulatory systems are not fully established, hindering the expansion of inferences that body temperature can provide about female reproductive status. At present, numerous digital tools rely on temperature to infer the timing of ovulation and additional applications (e.g., monitoring ovulatory irregularities and progression of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause are developed based on the assumption that reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling occurs across timescales and life stages. However, without clear understanding of the mechanisms and degree of coupling among the neural substrates regulating temperature and the reproductive axis, whether such approaches will bear fruit in particular domains is uncertain. In this overview, we present evidence supporting broad coupling among the central circuits governing reproduction, thermoregulation, and broader systemic physiology, focusing on timing at ultradian frequencies. Future work characterizing the dynamics of reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling across the lifespan, and of conditions that may decouple these circuits (e.g., circadian disruption, metabolic disease) and compromise female reproductive health, will aid in the development of strategies for early detection of reproductive irregularities and monitoring the efficacy of fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Domingues TE, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Szawka RE, Reis AM, Henriques PC, da Costa Silva KS, Costa SP, Silva SB, Ferreira da Fonseca S, Rodrigues CM, Dias Peixoto MF, Coimbra CC, Mendonça VA, Scheidet PHF, Sampaio KH, Lacerda ACR. Prior aerobic physical training modulates neuropeptide expression and central thermoregulation after ovariectomy in the rat. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111756. [PMID: 36084853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of aerobic physical training and estradiol (E2) replacement on central pathways involved with thermoregulation in ovariectomized rats. Rats were assigned to untrained ovariectomized treated with placebo (UN-OVX), untrained ovariectomized treated with E2 (E2-OVX), and trained ovariectomized (TR-OVX) groups. Tail skin temperature (TST), internal temperature (Tint), and basal oxygen consumption (VO2) were recorded. Neuronal activity, brain expression of Kiss1, NKB and Prodyn, and central norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured. UN-OVX had the highest TST. Compared to UN-OVX rats, TR-OVX and E2-OVX had lower Fos expression in the paraventricular and arcuate (ARC) nuclei, and lower double labeling for Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Fos in the brainstem. Compared to UN-OVX, only TR-OVX group exhibited lower kisspeptin (Kiss1), neurokinin B (NKB), and prodynorphin expression in the ARC and higher central NE levels. Aerobic physical training before menopause may prevent the heat dissipation imbalance induced by reduction of E2, through central NE release, modulation of Kiss1, NKB and prodynorphin expression in neurons from ARC nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Emanuela Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório Experimental de Treinamento Físico - LETFis - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adelina Martha Reis
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Costa Henriques
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kaoma Stephani da Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Paula Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Grduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sara Barros Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Grduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Grduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Figueiredo Scheidet
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Grduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício - LAFIEX - CIPq Saúde. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Grduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Campideli-Santana AC, Gusmao DO, Almeida FRCL, Araujo-Lopes R, Szawka RE. Partial loss of arcuate kisspeptin neurons in female rats stimulates luteinizing hormone and decreases prolactin secretion induced by estradiol. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13204. [PMID: 36319592 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, neurokinin, and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) control luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) release, although their role in conveying the effects of estradiol (E2 ) to these hormones is not well understood. We performed a longitudinal evaluation of female rats in which KNDy neurons were ablated using a neurokinin-3 receptor agonist conjugated with saporin (NK3-SAP) to investigate the impact of the reduction of KNDy neurons on the E2 regulation of gonadal and PRL axes. NK3-SAP rats, bearing a moderate loss of ARC kisspeptin-immunoreactive (-IR) neurons (50%-90%), displayed irregular estrous cycles but essentially unaltered follicular development and a normal number of corpora lutea. Rats were then ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with a positive-feedback dose of E2 (OVX + E2 ). LH and PRL were measured in the tail blood by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The E2 -induced LH surge was amplified, whereas the PRL rise was decreased in NK3-SAP rats compared to Blank-SAP control. After 10 days of no hormonal treatment, basal LH levels were equally elevated in NK3-SAP and controls. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation in the median eminence, in turn, was increased in NK3-SAP rats, with no change in the number of ARC TH-IR neurons. Thus, KNDy neurons exert concurrent and opposite roles in the E2 -induced surges of LH and PRL. The partial loss of KNDy neurons disrupts ovarian cyclicity but does not preclude ovulation, consistent with the disinhibition of the LH preovulatory surge. Conversely, KNDy neurons tonically inhibit the enzymatic activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons, which appears to facilitate PRL release in response to E2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Campideli-Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R C L Almeida
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araujo-Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bailey VN, Sones JL, Camp CM, Gomes VC, Oberhaus EL. Endocrine and ovarian responses to combined estradiol benzoate-sulpiride in seasonally anovulatory mares treated with kisspeptin. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoskova K, Kayton Bryant N, Chen ME, Nachtigall LB, Lippincott MF, Balasubramanian R, Seminara SB. Kisspeptin Overcomes GnRH Neuronal Suppression Secondary to Hyperprolactinemia in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3515-e3525. [PMID: 35323937 PMCID: PMC9282259 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperprolactinemia suppresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses. The hypothalamic neuropeptide kisspeptin potently stimulates the secretion of GnRH. The effects of exogenous kisspeptin administration on GnRH pulse generation in the setting of hyperprolactinemia have not previously been explored. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to examine the effects of kisspeptin on GnRH secretion, as reflected by LH secretion, in women with hyperprolactinemia. METHODS Women with hyperprolactinemia (n = 11) participated in two 12-hour visits. Before study visits, participants underwent washout of dopamine agonist and/or combined oral contraceptive. Frequent blood sampling was performed (1 sample was collected every 10 minutes). Visit 1 involved no intervention, to examine baseline LH pulsatility. During visit 2, kisspeptin 112-121 (0.24 nmol/kg) was administered every 1 hour, for 10 hours. At hour 11, one intravenous bolus of GnRH (75 ng/kg) was administered. RESULTS Repetitive intravenous bolus kisspeptin administration increased the total number of LH pulses in the setting of hyperprolactinemia. The interpulse interval declined during the same time frames. LH pulse amplitude did not change, but the mean LH rose. In 6 participants with progesterone levels suggestive of an anovulatory state, mean LH and estradiol levels increased significantly at visit 2. In the entire cohort, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels did not change significantly across the 2 visits. A total of 73% of subjects exhibited an LH pulse within 30 minutes of first kisspeptin dose. CONCLUSION Kisspeptin is capable of stimulating hypothalamic GnRH-induced LH pulses in the setting of hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hoskova
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nora Kayton Bryant
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Margaret E Chen
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lisa B Nachtigall
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Margaret F Lippincott
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Jamieson BB, Piet R. Kisspeptin neuron electrophysiology: Intrinsic properties, hormonal modulation, and regulation of homeostatic circuits. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101006. [PMID: 35640722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The obligatory role of kisspeptin (KISS1) and its receptor (KISS1R) in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, puberty and fertility was uncovered in 2003. In the few years that followed, an impressive body of work undertaken in many species established that neurons producing kisspeptin orchestrate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron activity and subsequent GnRH and gonadotropin hormone secretory patterns, through kisspeptin-KISS1R signaling, and mediate many aspects of gonadal steroid hormone feedback regulation of GnRH neurons. Here, we review knowledge accrued over the past decade, mainly in genetically modified mouse models, of the electrophysiological properties of kisspeptin neurons and their regulation by hormonal feedback. We also discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of these cells within neuronal circuits that control GnRH neuron activity and GnRH secretion, energy balance and, potentially, other homeostatic and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Piet
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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Mansano NDS, Paradela RS, Bohlen TM, Zanardi IM, Chaves FM, Silveira MA, Tavares MR, Donato J, Frazao R. Vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts an excitatory effect on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons during estrogen negative feedback. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 542:111532. [PMID: 34915098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons are the primary modulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. It has been shown that circadian rhythms driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contribute to GnRH secretion. Kisspeptin neurons are potential targets of SCN neurons due to reciprocal connections with the anteroventral periventricular and rostral periventricular nuclei (AVPV/PeN) and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a notable SCN neurotransmitter, modulates GnRH secretion depending on serum estradiol levels, aging or time of the day. Considering that kisspeptin neurons may act as interneurons and mediate VIP's effects on the reproductive axis, we investigated the effects of VIP on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in female mice during estrogen negative feedback. Our findings indicate that VIP induces a TTX-independent depolarization of approximately 30% of AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurons in gonad-intact (diestrus) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In the ARH, the percentage of kisspeptin neurons that were depolarized by VIP was even higher (approximately 90%). An intracerebroventricular infusion of VIP leds to an increased percentage of kisspeptin neurons expressing the phosphoSer133 cAMP-response-element-binding protein (pCREB) in the AVPV/PeN. On the other hand, pCREB expression in ARH kisspeptin neurons was similar between saline- and VIP-injected mice. Thus, VIP can recruit different signaling pathways to modulate AVPV/PeN or ARH kisspeptin neurons, resulting in distinct cellular responses. The expression of VIP receptors (VPACR) was upregulated in the AVPV/PeN, but not in the ARH, of OVX mice compared to mice on diestrus and estradiol-primed OVX mice. Our findings indicate that VIP directly influences distinct cellular aspects of the AVPV/PeN and ARH kisspeptin neurons during estrogen negative feedback, possibly to influence pulsatile LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira da Silva Mansano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Silva Paradela
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tabata M Bohlen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Izabela M Zanardi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Machado Chaves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Augusto Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rosolen Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Abstract
The role of central estrogen in cognitive, metabolic, and reproductive health has long fascinated the lay public and scientists alike. In the last two decades, insight into estrogen signaling in the brain and its impact on female physiology is beginning to catch up with the vast information already established for its actions on peripheral tissues. Using newer methods to manipulate estrogen signaling in hormone-sensitive brain regions, neuroscientists are now identifying the molecular pathways and neuronal subtypes required for controlling sex-dependent energy allocation. However, the immense cellular complexity of these hormone-sensitive brain regions makes it clear that more research is needed to fully appreciate how estrogen modulates neural circuits to regulate physiological and behavioral end points. Such insight is essential for understanding how natural or drug-induced hormone fluctuations across lifespan affect women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Ingraham
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Candice B Herber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - William C Krause
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
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11
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Ozawa H. Kisspeptin neurons as an integration center of reproductive regulation: Observation of reproductive function based on a new concept of reproductive regulatory nervous system. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12419. [PMID: 34934400 PMCID: PMC8656200 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of the reproductive system has been explained by the actions and feedback of gonadotropin releasing hormone‐luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (GnRH‐LH/FSH) ‐sex steroids; however, the discovery of kisspeptin neurons and a kisspeptin‐GnRH‐LH/FSH axis has prompted this regulation to be reviewed. Methods We investigated changes in kisspeptin neurons and associated changes in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis under various situations and experimental conditions using histochemical methods. Main findings (Results) Kisspeptin neurons play an important role in receiving and integrating information from internal and external environmental factors and communicating it to the conventional HPG axis. Conclusion The recently described Kisspeptin‐GnRH‐LH/FSH‐gonad system regulates reproductive function via mechanisms that until recently were not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Graduate School of Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
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12
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RFamide-Related Peptide Neurons Modulate Reproductive Function and Stress Responses. J Neurosci 2020; 41:474-488. [PMID: 33219002 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1062-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RF-amide related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) is a neuropeptide thought to inhibit central regulation of fertility. We investigated whether alterations in RFRP neuronal activity led to changes in puberty onset, fertility, and stress responses, including stress and glucocorticoid-induced suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion. We first validated a novel RFRP-Cre mouse line, which we then used in combination with Cre-dependent neuronal ablation and DREADD technology to selectively ablate, stimulate, and inhibit RFRP neurons to interrogate their physiological roles in the regulation of fertility and stress responses. Chronic RFRP neuronal activation delayed male puberty onset and female reproductive cycle progression, but RFRP-activated and ablated mice exhibited apparently normal fertility. When subjected to either restraint- or glucocorticoid-induced stress paradigms. However, we observed a critical sex-specific role for RFRP neurons in mediating acute and chronic stress-induced reproductive suppression. Female mice exhibiting RFRP neuron ablation or silencing did not exhibit the stress-induced suppression in pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion observed in control mice. Furthermore, RFRP neuronal activation markedly stimulated glucocorticoid secretion, demonstrating a feedback loop whereby stressful stimuli activate RFRP neurons, which in turn further activate the stress axis. These data provide evidence for a neuronal link between the stress and reproductive axes.
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13
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Kisspeptin-1 regulates forebrain dopaminergic neurons in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19361. [PMID: 33168887 PMCID: PMC7652893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula is a phylogenetically conserved epithalamic structure, which conveys negative information via inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine neurons. We have previously shown the expression of kisspeptin (Kiss1) in the habenula and its role in the modulation of fear responses in the zebrafish. In this study, to investigate whether habenular Kiss1 regulates fear responses via dopamine neurons in the zebrafish, Kiss1 peptides were intracranially administered close to the habenula, and the expression of dopamine-related genes (th1, th2 and dat) were examined in the brain using real-time PCR and dopamine levels using LC–MS/MS. th1 mRNA levels and dopamine levels were significantly increased in the telencephalon 24-h and 30-min after Kiss1 administration, respectively. In fish administered with Kiss1, expression of neural activity marker gene, npas4a and kiss1 gene were significantly decreased in the ventral habenula. Application of neural tracer into the median raphe, site of habenular Kiss1 neural terminal projections showed tracer-labelled projections in the medial forebrain bundle towards the telencephalon where dopamine neurons reside. These results suggest that Kiss1 negatively regulates its own neuronal activity in the ventral habenula via autocrine action. This, in turn affects neurons of the median raphe via interneurons, which project to the telencephalic dopaminergic neurons.
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14
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Yip SH, Araujo-Lopes R, Szawka RE, York J, Hyland B, Grattan DR, Bunn SJ. Morphological plasticity of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurones in the rat during the oestrous cycle and lactation. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12884. [PMID: 32662600 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones are critical with respect to regulating prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary. Under most physiological conditions, they are stimulated by prolactin to release dopamine into the median eminence which subsequently suppresses further prolactin secretion from the lactotrophs. During lactation, the TIDA neurones are known to undergo both electrophysiological and neurochemical changes that alleviate this negative-feedback, thus allowing circulating prolactin levels to rise. The present study aimed to determine whether TIDA neurone morphology, most notably spine density, is also modified during lactation. This was achieved by stereotaxically injecting the arcuate nucleus of female, tyrosine hydroxylase-promoter driven Cre-recombinase transgenic rats with Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus-expressing Brainbow. This resulted in the highly specifici transfection of between 10% and 30% of the TIDA neurones, thus allowing the morphologies on multiple individual neurones to be examined in a single hypothalamic slice. The transfected neurones exhibited a range of complex forms, including a diversity of soma and location of axonal origin. Neuronal spine counting showed that the density of somatic, but not dendritic, spines was significantly higher during lactation than at any other reproductive stage. There was also a significant fall in somatic spine density across the oestrous cycle from dioestrus to oestrus. Although the functional characteristics of the additional somatic spines have not been determined, if, as might be expected, they represent an increased excitatory input to the TIDA neurones, this could have important physiological implications by perhaps supporting altered neurotransmitter release at their neuroendocrine terminals. Enhanced excitatory input may, for example, favour the release of the opioid peptide enkephalin rather than dopamine, which is potentially significant because the expression of the peptide is known to increase in the TIDA neurones during lactation and, in contrast to dopamine, it stimulates rather than inhibits prolactin secretion from the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hoong Yip
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roberta Araujo-Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jade York
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brian Hyland
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen J Bunn
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Kim D, Choe HK, Kim K. Ultradian Rhythms in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons and Developmental Processes. Mol Cells 2020; 43:600-606. [PMID: 32489185 PMCID: PMC7398798 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes in nature have multiple oscillations within 24 h, that is, ultradian rhythms. Compared to the circadian rhythm, which has a period of approximately one day, these short oscillations range from seconds to hours, and the mechanisms underlying ultradian rhythms remain largely unknown. This review aims to explore and emphasize the implications of ultradian rhythms and their underlying regulations. Reproduction and developmental processes show ultradian rhythms, and these physiological systems can be regulated by short biological rhythms. Specifically, we recently uncovered synchronized calcium oscillations in the organotypic culture of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARN) kisspeptin neurons that regulate reproduction. Synchronized calcium oscillations were dependent on voltage-gated ion channel-mediated action potentials and were repressed by chemogenetic inhibition, suggesting that the network within the ARN and between the kisspeptin population mediates the oscillation. This minireview describes that ultradian rhythms are a general theme that underlies biological features, with special reference to calcium oscillations in the hypothalamic ARN from a developmental perspective. We expect that more attention to these oscillations might provide insight into physiological or developmental mechanisms, since many oscillatory features in nature still remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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16
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Takeda T, Fujii M, Izumoto W, Hattori Y, Matsushita T, Yamada H, Ishii Y. Gestational dioxin exposure suppresses prolactin-stimulated nursing in lactating dam rats to impair development of postnatal offspring. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114106. [PMID: 32569627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies have implicated environmental chemicals including dioxins in the induction of negative effects on child development. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, almost all toxicologists have concentrated on effects on the offspring themselves. We examined an alternative hypothesis that gestational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a highly-toxic dioxin, targets factors related to maternal childcare to disturb offspring development. Oral administration of TCDD (1 µg/kg) to pregnant rats on gestational day 15 suppressed maternal licking behavior, a nursing behavior, and mammary gland maturation during the lactational stage, as well as the body weight and short-term memory of postnatal offspring. In support of these findings, maternal production of prolactin, a pituitary hormone essential for nursing including milk production, was decreased during the same period. Intracerebroventricular infusion of prolactin to dioxin-exposed dams restored or tended to restore many of the above defects observed both in mothers and offspring. The TCDD-dependent defects in maternal nursing behaviors can be due to a direct action on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) of lactating dams, because they did not emerge in AHR-knockout dams or control dams with TCDD-exposed offspring. Further examinations revealed that TCDD induces transforming growth factor β1 expression, which suppresses prolactin-producing cell proliferation, in a nursing period-specific manner. In agreement with this, the number of prolactin-positive cells in nursing dams was decreased by TCDD. These results provide novel evidence that gestational dioxin exposure attenuates prolactin-stimulated nursing in lactating dams to impair offspring development, and that immaturity of prolactin-producing cells can contribute to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Waka Izumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hattori
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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17
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Dobolyi A, Oláh S, Keller D, Kumari R, Fazekas EA, Csikós V, Renner É, Cservenák M. Secretion and Function of Pituitary Prolactin in Evolutionary Perspective. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:621. [PMID: 32612510 PMCID: PMC7308720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary system developed in early vertebrates. Prolactin is an ancient vertebrate hormone released from the pituitary that exerts particularly diverse functions. The purpose of the review is to take a comparative approach in the description of prolactin, its secretion from pituitary lactotrophs, and hormonal functions. Since the reproductive and osmoregulatory roles of prolactin are best established in a variety of species, these functions are the primary subjects of discussion. Different types of prolactin and prolactin receptors developed during vertebrate evolution, which will be described in this review. The signal transduction of prolactin receptors is well conserved among vertebrates enabling us to describe the whole subphylum. Then, the review focuses on the regulation of prolactin release in mammals as we have the most knowledge on this class of vertebrates. Prolactin secretion in response to different reproductive stimuli, such as estrogen-induced release, mating, pregnancy and suckling is detailed. Reproduction in birds is different from that in mammals in several aspects. Prolactin is released during incubation in avian species whose regulation and functional significance are discussed. Little information is available on prolactin in reptiles and amphibians; therefore, they are mentioned only in specific cases to explain certain evolutionary aspects. In turn, the osmoregulatory function of prolactin is well established in fish. The different types of pituitary prolactin in fish play particularly important roles in the adaptation of eutherian species to fresh water environments. To achieve this function, prolactin is released from lactotrophs in hyposmolarity, as they are directly osmosensitive in fish. In turn, the released prolactin acts on branchial epithelia, especially ionocytes of the gill to retain salt and excrete water. This review will highlight the points where comparative data give new ideas or suggest new approaches for investigation in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Oláh
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Keller
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese A. Fazekas
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Csikós
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Cservenák
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Ladyman SR, Hackwell ECR, Brown RSE. The role of prolactin in co-ordinating fertility and metabolic adaptations during reproduction. Neuropharmacology 2019; 167:107911. [PMID: 32058177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy and lactation is accompanied by a period of infertility that takes place in the midst of a sustained increase in food intake. Indeed, successful reproduction in females is dependent on co-ordination of the distinct systems that regulate reproduction and metabolism. Rather than arising from different mechanisms during pregnancy and lactation, we propose that elevations in lactogenic hormones (predominant among these being prolactin and the placental lactogens), are ideally placed to influence both of these systems at the appropriate time. We review the literature examining the impacts of lactogens on fertility and energy homeostasis in the virgin state, during pregnancy and lactation and potential long-term impacts of reproductive experience. Taken together, the literature indicates that duration and pattern of lactogen exposure is a vital factor in the ability of these hormones to alter reproduction and food intake. Transient increases in prolactin, as typically seen in healthy virgin females and males, are unable to exert lasting impacts. Importantly, both suppression of fertility and increased food intake are only observed following exposure to chronically-elevated levels of lactogens. Physiologically, the only time this pattern of lactogenic secretion is maintained in the healthy female is during pregnancy and lactation, when co-ordination between these regulatory systems emerges. This article is part of the special issue on 'Neuropeptides'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleni C R Hackwell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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19
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Nakahara K, Maruyama K, Ensho T, Mori K, Miyazato M, Kangawa K, Uemura R, Sakoda H, Nakazato M, Murakami N. Neuromedin U suppresses prolactin secretion via dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:521-526. [PMID: 31677791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) has a precursor that contains one additional peptide consisting of 33 or 36 amino acid residues. Recently, we identified this second peptide from rat brain and designated it neuromedin U precursor-related peptide (NURP), showing it to stimulate prolactin release from the pituitary when injected via the intracerebroventricular (icv) route. Here, we examined whether NMU, like NURP, also stimulates prolactin release. Unlike NURP, icv injection of NMU significantly decreased the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary. This suppression of prolactin release by NMU was observed in hyper-prolactin states such as lactation, stress, pseudopregnancy, domperidone (dopamine antagonist) administration, and icv injection of NURP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that icv injection of NMU induced cFos expression in dopaminergic neurons of the arcuate nucleus, but not the substantia nigra. Mice with double knockout of NMU and neuromedin S (NMS), the latter also binding to NMU receptors, showed a significant increase of the plasma prolactin level after domperidone treatment relative to wild-type mice. These results suggest that NMU and NURP may play important reciprocal roles in physiological prolactin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakahara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takuya Ensho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Domestic Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Noboru Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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20
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Iwata K, Kunimura Y, Ozawa H. Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression in Hyperandrogenic Female Rats and Aging Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2019; 52:85-91. [PMID: 31777408 PMCID: PMC6872488 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of rats induce an LH surge for ovulation, and those in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) regulate pulsatile LH secretion for follicle development and spermatogenesis. Dysfunction of kisspeptin neurons thus reduces the reproductive function. This review focuses on the effect of androgen or aging on kisspeptin expression in rats. Although androgen directly suppresses ARC kisspeptin neurons in female rats, the AVPV kisspeptin neurons are hardly affected. In rats, plasma LH concentrations decrease in both sexes with aging, and ARC kisspeptin expression also decreases in old rats compared with young rats. In addition, kisspeptin neurons may be associated with hyperprolactinemia in old female rats because they are known to release prolactin through hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons are thus the main regulator to secrete LH, and inhibition of kisspeptin expression leads to various kinds of reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinuyo Iwata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yuyu Kunimura
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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Wang X, Hill D, Tillitt DE, Bhandari RK. Bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:227-234. [PMID: 31048106 PMCID: PMC6626660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure can have far reaching health effects in fish, including adult onset transgenerational reproductive abnormalities, anxiety, and cardiac disorders. It is unknown whether these two environmental estrogens can induce transgenerational abnormalities in the gill. The present study examined transgenerational effects of BPA or EE2 exposure on genes that are critical for osmoregulation in fish. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to either BPA (100 μg/L) or EE2 (0.05 μg/L) for the first 7 days of embryonic development and never thereafter for the remainder of that generation (F0) and in subsequent generations of this study (F1, F2, and F3). Expression of osmoregulatory genes (NKAα1a, NKAα1b, NKAα1c, NKAα3a, NKAα3b, NKCC1a, and CFTR) were examined in gills of the first-generation (F0) adults which were directly exposed as embryo and in the fourth-generation adults (F3), which were never exposed to either of these environmental estrogens. Significant alterations in expression of osmoregulatory genes were observed in both F0 and F3 generations. Within the F0 generation, a sex-specific expression pattern was observed with a downregulation of osmoregulatory genes in males and an upregulation of osmoregulatory genes in females. At the F3 generation, this pattern reversed with the majority of the osmoregulatory genes upregulated in males and downregulated in females, suggesting that exposure to BPA and EE2 during embryonic development induced transgenerational impairment in molecular events associated with osmoregulatory functions in subsequent generations. These adverse outcomes may have impacts on physiological functions related to osmoregulation of fish inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States
| | - Diamond Hill
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Ramji K Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States.
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Acute effects of somatomammotropin hormones on neuronal components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Brain Res 2019; 1714:210-217. [PMID: 30851245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are known as pleiotropic hormones. Accordingly, the distribution of their receptors comprises several organs and tissues, including the central nervous system. The appropriate secretion of both hormones is essential for sexual maturation and maintenance of reproductive functions, while defects in their secretion affect puberty onset and can cause infertility. Conversely, GH therapy at a prepubertal age may accelerate puberty. On the other hand, hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause of infertility. While the action of PRL in some central components of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis, such as the kisspeptin neurons, has been well documented, the possible effects of GH in the hypothalamus are still elusive. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate whether somatomammotropin hormones are able to modulate the activity of critical neuronal components of the HPG axis, including kisspeptin neurons and cells of the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv). Our results revealed that GH effects in kisspeptin neurons of the anteroventral periventricular and rostral periventricular nuclei or in PMv neurons relies predominantly on the recruitment of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) rather than through acute changes in resting membrane potential. Importantly, kisspeptin neurons located at the arcuate nucleus were not directly responsive to GH. Additionally, our findings further identified PMv neurons as potential targets of PRL, since PRL induces the phosphorylation of STAT5 and depolarizes PMv neurons. Combined, our data provide evidence that GH and PRL may affect the HPG axis via specific hypothalamic neurons.
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Aquino NSS, Kokay IC, Perez CT, Ladyman SR, Henriques PC, Silva JF, Broberger C, Grattan DR, Szawka RE. Kisspeptin Stimulation of Prolactin Secretion Requires Kiss1 Receptor but Not in Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons. Endocrinology 2019; 160:522-533. [PMID: 30668693 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin has been shown to stimulate prolactin secretion. We investigated whether kisspeptin acts through the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r) to regulate dopamine and prolactin. Initially, we evaluated prolactin response in a Kiss1r-deficient mouse line, in which Kiss1r had been knocked into GnRH neurons (Kiss1r-/-R). Intracerebroventricular kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) increased prolactin release in wild-type but not in Kiss1r-/-R female mice. In ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats, the Kiss1r antagonist kisspeptin-234 abolished the Kp-10-induced increase in prolactin release but failed to prevent the concomitant reduction in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons, as determined by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio in the median eminence. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in juvenile male rats, we found no direct effect of Kp-10 on the electrical activity of TIDA neurons. In addition, dual-label in situ hybridization in the hypothalamus of female rats showed that Kiss1r is expressed in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Pe) and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) but not in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)-expressing neurons. Kisspeptin also has affinity for the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (Npffr1), which was expressed in the majority of Pe dopaminergic neurons but only in a low proportion of TIDA neurons in the ARC. Our findings demonstrate that Kiss1r is necessary to the effect of kisspeptin on prolactin secretion, although TIDA neurons lack Kiss1r and are electrically unresponsive to kisspeptin. Thus, kisspeptin is likely to stimulate prolactin secretion via Kiss1r in nondopaminergic neurons, whereas the colocalization of Npffr1 and Th suggests that Pe dopaminergic neurons may play a role in the kisspeptin-induced inhibition of dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara S S Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ilona C Kokay
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patricia C Henriques
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo F Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Estrogen signaling in arcuate Kiss1 neurons suppresses a sex-dependent female circuit promoting dense strong bones. Nat Commun 2019; 10:163. [PMID: 30635563 PMCID: PMC6329772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central estrogen signaling coordinates energy expenditure, reproduction, and in concert with peripheral estrogen impacts skeletal homeostasis in females. Here, we ablate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the medial basal hypothalamus and find a robust bone phenotype only in female mice that results in exceptionally strong trabecular and cortical bones, whose density surpasses other reported mouse models. Stereotaxic guided deletion of ERα in the arcuate nucleus increases bone mass in intact and ovariectomized females, confirming the central role of estrogen signaling in this sex-dependent bone phenotype. Loss of ERα in kisspeptin (Kiss1)-expressing cells is sufficient to recapitulate the bone phenotype, identifying Kiss1 neurons as a critical node in this powerful neuroskeletal circuit. We propose that this newly-identified female brain-to-bone pathway exists as a homeostatic regulator diverting calcium and energy stores from bone building when energetic demands are high. Our work reveals a previously unknown target for treatment of age-related bone disease. Estrogen promotes negative energy balance and preserves skeletal physiology. Here the authors show that loss of estrogen signalling after ablating estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) in specific hypothalamic neuronal populations leads to a marked sex-dependent increase in bone mass in female mice.
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Hara T, Kanasaki H, Tumurbaatar T, Oride A, Okada H, Kyo S. Role of kisspeptin and Kiss1R in the regulation of prolactin gene expression in rat somatolactotroph GH3 cells. Endocrine 2019; 63:101-111. [PMID: 30255291 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin is a known principal activator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and governs the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Previous reports have shown that kisspeptin is also released into the hypophyseal portal circulation and directly affects the anterior pituitary. In this study, we examined the direct effect of kisspeptin on pituitary prolactin-producing cells. The rat pituitary somatolactotroph cell line GH3 expresses the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R); however, in these cells, kisspeptin failed to stimulate prolactin-promoter activity. When GH3 cells overexpressed Kiss1R, kisspeptin clearly increased prolactin-promoter activity, with a concomitant increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways. In the experiments using GH3 cells overexpressing Kiss1R, kisspeptin did not potentiate thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin-promoter activity, but it potentiated the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-induced prolactin-promoter activity, with a concomitant enhancement of ERK and PKA signaling pathways. Although the basal and TRH-induced prolactin-promoter activities were not modulated by increasing amounts of Kiss1R expression in GH3 cells, kisspeptin-stimulated prolactin-promoter activity was increased by the amount of Kiss1R overexpression. Endogenous Kiss1r mRNA expression in GH3 cells was significantly increased by treatment with estradiol (E2) but not by TRH. In addition, kisspeptin's ability to stimulate prolactin-promoter activity was restored after E2 treatment in non-transfected GH3 cells. Our current observations suggest that kisspeptin might have a direct effect on prolactin expression in the anterior pituitary prolactin-producing cells under the influence of E2, which may regulate Kiss1R expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kanasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Tuvshintugs Tumurbaatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Oride
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroe Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
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Orlando G, Leone S, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Dimmito MP, Leporini L, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Recinella L. Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters Involved in Appetite Control. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123071. [PMID: 30477219 PMCID: PMC6321454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as key regulator in gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion, reproductive function, and puberty onset, kisspeptin has been proposed to act as a bridge between energy homeostasis and reproduction. In the present study, to characterize the role of hypothalamic kisspeptin as metabolic regulator, we evaluated the effects of kisspeptin-10 on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression and the extracellular dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIIA) concentrations in rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cells. Our study showed that kisspeptin-10 in the concentration range 1 nM–10 μM was well tolerated by the Hypo-E22 cell line. Moreover, kisspeptin-10 (100 nM–10 μM) concentration independently increased the gene expression of NPY while BDNF was inhibited only at the concentration of 10 μM. Finally, kisspeptin-10 decreased 5-HT and DA, leaving unaffected NE levels. The inhibitory effect on DA and 5-HT is consistent with the increased peptide-induced DOPAC/DA and 5-HIIA/5-HT ratios. In conclusion, our current findings suggesting the increased NPY together with decreased BDNF and 5-HT activity following kisspeptin-10 would be consistent with a possible orexigenic effect induced by the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Saedi S, Khoradmehr A, Mohammad Reza JS, Tamadon A. The role of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters on kisspeptin/kiss1r-signaling in female reproduction. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 92:71-82. [PMID: 30008384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive function is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis. Hypothalamic neurons synthesizing kisspeptin play a fundamental role in the central regulation of the timing of puberty onset and reproduction in mammals. Kisspeptin is a regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In female rodent, the kisspeptin (encoded by kiss1 gene), neurokinin B (Tac3) and dynorphin neurons form the basis for the "KNDy neurons" in the arcuate nucleus and play a fundamental role in the regulation of GnRH/LH release. Furthermore, various factors including neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may cooperate with kisspeptin signaling to modulate GnRH function. Many neuropeptides including proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and other neuropeptides, as well as neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and γ-aminobutyric acid are suggested to control feeding and HPG axis, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. Nonetheless, to date, information about the neurochemical factors of kisspeptin neurons remains incomplete in rodent. This review is intended to provide an overview of KNDy neurons; major neuropeptides and neurotransmitters interfere in kisspeptin signaling to modulate GnRH function for regulation of puberty onset and reproduction, with a focus on the female rodent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Cao XY, Hua X, Xiong JW, Zhu WT, Zhang J, Chen L. Impact of Triclosan on Female Reproduction through Reducing Thyroid Hormones to Suppress Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:6. [PMID: 29403355 PMCID: PMC5780345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, is widely used in clinical settings and various personal care products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TCS on reproductive endocrine and function. Here, we show that the exposure of adult female mice to 10 or 100 mg/kg/day TCS caused prolongation of diestrus, and decreases in antral follicles and corpora lutea within 2 weeks. TCS mice showed decreases in the levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA with the lack of LH surge and elevation of prolactin (PRL). TCS mice had lower kisspeptin immunoreactivity and kiss1 mRNA in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). Moreover, the estrogen (E2)-enhanced AVPV-kisspeptin expression was reduced in TCS mice. In addition, the serum thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) in TCS mice were reduced with increases in levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH). In TCS mice, the treatment with Levothyroxine (L-T4) corrected the increases in PRL, TSH and TRH; the administration of L-T4 or type-2 dopamine receptors agonist quinpirole inhibiting PRL release could rescue the decline of kisspeptin expression in AVPV and ARC; the treatment with L-T4, quinpirole or the GPR45 agonist kisspeptin-10 recovered the levels of serum LH and FSH and progesterone, and GnRH mRNA. Furthermore, TCS mice treated with L-T4 or quinpirole resumed regular estrous cycling, follicular development and ovulation. Together, these results indicate that exposing adult female mice to TCS (≥10 mg/kg) reduces thyroid hormones causing hyperprolactinemia that then suppresses hypothalamic kisspeptin expression, leading to deficits in reproductive endocrine and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Cao
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhu
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Reduced Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter favors antidepressant behaviors and modulates serotonin and dopamine in female mouse brain. Behav Brain Res 2017; 330:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effects of Selective Deletion of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from Kisspeptin Cells on Puberty and Reproduction in Male and Female Mice. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NRS-0150-17. [PMID: 28660243 PMCID: PMC5480141 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0150-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1, regulates reproduction by stimulating GnRH secretion. Kiss1-syntheizing neurons reside primarily in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular (AVPV/PeN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei. AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons are sexually dimorphic, with females expressing more Kiss1 than males, and participate in estradiol (E2)-induced positive feedback control of GnRH secretion. In mice, most AVPV/PeN Kiss1 cells coexpress tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis (in this case, dopamine). Dopamine treatment can inhibit GnRH neurons, but the function of dopamine signaling arising specifically from AVPV/PeN Kiss1 cells is unknown. We generated a novel TH flox mouse and used Cre-Lox technology to selectively ablate TH specifically from Kiss1 cells. We then examined the effects of selective TH knock-out on puberty and reproduction in both sexes. In control mice, 90% of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons coexpressed TH, whereas in mice lacking TH exclusively in Kiss1 cells (termed Kiss THKOs), TH was successfully absent from virtually all Kiss1 cells. Despite this absence of TH, both female and male Kiss THKOs displayed normal body weights, puberty onset, and basal gonadotropin levels in adulthood, although testosterone (T) was significantly elevated in adult male Kiss THKOs. The E2-induced LH surge was unaffected in Kiss THKO females, and neuronal activation status of kisspeptin and GnRH cells was also normal. Supporting this, fertility and fecundity were normal in Kiss THKOs of both sexes. Thus, despite high colocalization of TH and Kiss1 in the AVPV/PeN, dopamine produced in these cells is not required for puberty or reproduction, and its function remains unknown.
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Aquino NSS, Araujo-Lopes R, Henriques PC, Lopes FEF, Gusmao DO, Coimbra CC, Franci CR, Reis AM, Szawka RE. α-Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Modulate Kisspeptin Effects on Prolactin: Role in Estradiol-Induced Prolactin Surge in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1812-1826. [PMID: 28387824 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kp) regulates prolactin (PRL) in an estradiol-dependent manner. We investigated the interaction between ovarian steroid receptors and Kp in the control of PRL secretion. Intracerebroventricular injections of Kp-10 or Kp-234 were performed in ovariectomized (OVX) rats under different hormonal treatments. Kp-10 increased PRL release and decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the median eminence (ME) of OVX rats treated with estradiol (OVX+E), which was prevented by tamoxifen. Whereas these effects of Kp-10 were absent in OVX rats, they were replicated in OVX rats treated with selective agonist of estrogen receptor (ER)α, propylpyrazole triol, but not of ERβ, diarylpropionitrile. Furthermore, the Kp-10-induced increase in PRL was two times higher in OVX+E rats also treated with progesterone (OVX+EP), which was associated with a reduced expression of both tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Ser40-phosphorylated TH in the ME. Kp-10 also reduced dopamine levels in the ME of OVX+EP rats, an effect blocked by the progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist RU486. We also determined the effect of Kp antagonism with Kp-234 on the estradiol-induced surges of PRL and luteinizing hormone (LH), using tail-tip blood sampling combined with ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kp-234 impaired the early phase of the PRL surge and prevented the LH surge in OVX+E rats. Thus, we provide evidence that Kp stimulation of PRL release requires ERα and is potentiated by progesterone via PR activation. Moreover, alongside its essential role in the LH surge, Kp seems to play a role in the peak phase of the estradiol-induced PRL surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara S S Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araujo-Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Henriques
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe E F Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Candido C Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso R Franci
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelina M Reis
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Tomori Y, Takumi K, Iijima N, Takai S, Ozawa H. Kisspeptin expression is decreased in the arcuate nucleus of hypothyroid female rats with irregular estrus cycles. Neurosci Res 2017; 117:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Higo S, Iijima N, Ozawa H. Characterisation of Kiss1r (Gpr54)-Expressing Neurones in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Female Rat Hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 27981646 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin is essential in reproduction and acts by stimulating neurones expressing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Recent studies suggest that kisspeptin has multiple roles in the modulation of neuronal circuits in systems outside the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our recent research using in situ hybridisation (ISH) clarified the histological distribution of Kiss1r (Gpr54)-expressing neurones in the rat brain that were presumed to be putative targets of kisspeptin. The arcuate nucleus (ARN) of the hypothalamus is one of the brain regions in which Kiss1r expression in non-GnRH neurones is prominent. However, the characteristics of Kiss1r-expressing neurones in the ARN remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the neurochemical characteristics of Kiss1r-expressing neurones in the ARN using ISH and immunofluorescence. We revealed that the majority (approximately 63%) of Kiss1r-expressing neurones in the ARN were pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones, which have an anorexic effect in mammals. Additionally, a few Kiss1r-expressing neurones in the dorsal ARN are tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurones, which control milk production by inhibiting prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary. TIDA neurones showed a relatively weak Kiss1r ISH signal compared to POMC neurones, as well as low co-expression of Kiss1r (approximately 15%). We also examined the expression of Kiss1r in neuropeptide Y and kisspeptin neurones, which are reported to arise from POMC-expressing progenitor cells during development. However, the vast majority of neuropeptide Y and kisspeptin neurones in the ARN did not express Kiss1r. These results suggest that kisspeptin may directly regulate energy homeostasis and milk production by modulating the activity of POMC and TIDA neurones, respectively. Our results provide an insight into the wide variety of roles that kisspeptin plays in homeostatic and neuroendocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Beymer M, Henningsen J, Bahougne T, Simonneaux V. The role of kisspeptin and RFRP in the circadian control of female reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:89-99. [PMID: 27364888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In female mammals, reproduction shows ovarian and daily rhythms ensuring that the timing of the greatest fertility coincides with maximal activity and arousal. The ovarian cycle, which lasts from a few days to a few weeks, depends on the rhythm of follicle maturation and ovarian hormone production, whereas the daily cycle depends on a network of circadian clocks of which the main one is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). In the last ten years, major progress has been made in the understanding of the neuronal mechanisms governing mammalian reproduction with the finding that two hypothalamic Arg-Phe-amide peptides, kisspeptin (Kp) and RFRP, regulate GnRH neurons. In this review we discuss the pivotal role of Kp and RFRP neurons at the interface between the SCN clock signal and GnRH neurons to properly time gonadotropin-induced ovulation. We also report recent findings indicating that these neurons may be part of the multi-oscillatory circadian system that times female fertility. Finally, we will discuss recent investigations indicating a role, and putative therapeutic use, of these neuropeptides in human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beymer
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jo Henningsen
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Bahougne
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (CNRS UPR 3212), 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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Gahete MD, Vázquez-Borrego MC, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Tena-Sempere M, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Role of the Kiss1/Kiss1r system in the regulation of pituitary cell function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:100-106. [PMID: 27477782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) is an amidated neurohormone that belongs to the RF-amide peptide family, which has a key role in the control of reproduction. Specifically, kisspeptin regulates reproductive events, including puberty and ovulation, primarily by activating the surface receptor Kiss1r (aka GPR54), at hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. More recently, it has been found that kisspeptin peptide is present in the hypophyseal portal circulation and that the Kiss1/Kiss1r system is expressed in pituitary cells, which suggest that kisspeptin could exert an endocrine, paracrine or even autocrine role at the pituitary gland level. Indeed, mounting evidence is pointing towards a direct role of kisspeptin in the control of not only gonadotropins but also other pituitary secretions such as growth hormone or prolactin. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the study of the role that the Kiss/Kiss1r system plays in the control of pituitary gland function, paying special attention to the direct role of this neuropeptide on pituitary cells and its interactions with other relevant regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Martínez-Fuentes
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
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Donato J, Frazão R. Interactions between prolactin and kisspeptin to control reproduction. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2016; 60:587-595. [PMID: 27901187 PMCID: PMC10522168 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin is best known for its effects of stimulating mammary gland development and lactogenesis. However, prolactin is a pleiotropic hormone that is able to affect several physiological functions, including fertility. Prolactin receptors (PRLRs) are widely expressed in several tissues, including several brain regions and reproductive tract organs. Upon activation, PRLRs may exert prolactin's functions through several signaling pathways, although the recruitment of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 causes most of the known effects of prolactin. Pathological hyperprolactinemia is mainly due to the presence of a prolactinoma or pharmacological effects induced by drugs that interact with the dopamine system. Notably, hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause of reproductive dysfunction and may lead to infertility in males and females. Recently, several studies have indicated that prolactin may modulate the reproductive axis by acting on specific populations of hypothalamic neurons that express the Kiss1 gene. The Kiss1 gene encodes neuropeptides known as kisspeptins, which are powerful activators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. In the present review, we will summarize the current knowledge about prolactin's actions on reproduction. Among other aspects, we will discuss whether the interaction between prolactin and the Kiss1-expressing neurons can affect reproduction and how kisspeptins may become a novel therapeutic approach to treat prolactin-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e BiofísicaInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Departamento de AnatomiaInstituto de Ciências BiomédicasUSPSão PauloSPBrasilDepartamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Stathopoulos AM, Helena CV, Cristancho-Gordo R, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Bertram R. Influence of dynorphin on estradiol- and cervical stimulation-induced prolactin surges in ovariectomized rats. Endocrine 2016; 53:585-94. [PMID: 27038317 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin is an anterior pituitary hormone necessary for fertility, pregnancy maintenance, lactation, and aspects of maternal behavior. In rodents, there is a surge of prolactin on the afternoon of proestrus, and a semi-circadian pattern of prolactin surges during early pregnancy, with a diurnal and nocturnal surge every day. Both of these patterns can be replicated in ovariectomized rats. A prior study demonstrated that central antagonism of κ-opioid receptors, the target of dynorphin, largely abolished the nocturnal prolactin surge in pregnant rats. We build on this to determine whether dynorphin, perhaps from the arcuate population that co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy neurons), also contributes to the estradiol- or cervical stimulation-induced surges in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with either estradiol or cervical stimulation to induce prolactin surge(s). Blood samples were taken around the expected surge time to determine the effect of either acute κ-opioid receptor antagonism or previous chemical ablation of the KNDy population on prolactin levels. Dynorphin antagonism does significantly disrupt the nocturnal prolactin surge, but it does not contribute to the estradiol-induced surge. Chemical ablation of KNDy neurons had opposite effects; ablation of 40 % of the KNDy neurons had no impact on the nocturnal prolactin surge, while a somewhat larger ablation significantly reduced the size of the estradiol-induced surge. We conclude that dynorphin is likely a controlling factor for the nocturnal surge induced by cervical stimulation, and that other KNDy neuron products must play a role in the estradiol-induced surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Stathopoulos
- Program in Neuroscience and Departments of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Cleyde V Helena
- Program in Neuroscience and Departments of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Ruth Cristancho-Gordo
- Program in Neuroscience and Departments of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Arturo E Gonzalez-Iglesias
- Program in Neuroscience and Departments of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Richard Bertram
- Program in Neuroscience and Departments of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Liu X, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin Regulation of Neuronal Activity throughout the Central Nervous System. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:193-205. [PMID: 27246282 PMCID: PMC4923402 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin signaling at the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron is now relatively well characterized and established as being critical for the neural control of fertility. However, kisspeptin fibers and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) are detected throughout the brain suggesting that kisspeptin is involved in regulating the activity of multiple neuronal circuits. We provide here a review of kisspeptin actions on neuronal populations throughout the brain including the magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons, and cells within the arcuate nucleus, hippocampus, and amygdala. The actions of kisspeptin in these brain regions are compared to its effects upon GnRH neurons. Two major themes arise from this analysis. First, it is apparent that kisspeptin signaling through KISS1R at the GnRH neuron is a unique, extremely potent form or neurotransmission whereas kisspeptin actions through KISS1R in other brain regions exhibit neuromodulatory actions typical of other neuropeptides. Second, it is becoming increasingly likely that kisspeptin acts as a neuromodulator not only through KISS1R but also through other RFamide receptors such as the neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFRs). We suggest likely locations of kisspeptin signaling through NPFFRs but note that only limited tools are presently available for examining kisspeptin cross-signaling within the RFamide family of neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Higo S, Honda S, Iijima N, Ozawa H. Mapping of Kisspeptin Receptor mRNA in the Whole Rat Brain and its Co-Localisation with Oxytocin in the Paraventricular Nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26709462 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurone. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signalling is also involved in extra-hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis systems, including oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. By contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurones and kisspeptin fibres, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the rat brain remain poorly characterised. Using in situ hybridisation combined with immunofluorescence, the present study aimed to determine the whole brain map of Kiss1r mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether oxytocin or AVP neurones express Kiss1r. Neurones with strong Kiss1r expression were observed in several rostral brain areas, including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population being around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that, in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the Kiss1r-expressing neurones co-expressed GnRH. Moderate levels of Kiss1r mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus. Relatively weak Kiss1r expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of Kiss1r was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether oxytocin and AVP neurones in the PVN co-express Kiss1r. Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of Kiss1r in a subset of the oxytocin neurones but not in the AVP neurones in the PVN. The present study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signalling system in the extra-HPG axis, as well as in reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, , Japan
| | - S Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, , Japan
| | - N Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, , Japan
| | - H Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, , Japan
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40
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Aquino NSS, Araujo-Lopes R, Batista IAR, Henriques PC, Poletini MO, Franci CR, Reis AM, Szawka RE. Hypothalamic Effects of Tamoxifen on Oestrogen Regulation of Luteinising Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Female Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26563816 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oestradiol (E2) acts in the hypothalamus to regulate luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion. Tamoxifen (TX) has been extensively used as a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, although its neuroendocrine effects remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the hypothalamic effects of TX in rats under low or high circulating E2 levels. Ovariectomised (OVX) rats treated with oil, E2 or TX, or E2 plus TX, were evaluated for hormonal secretion and immunohistochemical analyses in hypothalamic areas. Both E2 and TX reduced LH levels, whereas TX blocked the E2 -induced surges of LH and PRL. TX prevented the E2 -induced expression of progesterone receptor (PR) in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), although it did not alter PR expression in OVX rats. TX blocked the E2 induction of c-Fos in AVPV neurones, consistent with the suppression of LH surge. However, TX failed to prevent E2 inhibition of kisspeptin expression in the ARC. In association with the blockade of PRL surge, TX increased the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the median eminence of OVX, E2 -treated rats. TX also precluded the E2 -induced increase in TH expression in the ARC. In all immunohistochemical analyses, TX treatment in OVX rats caused no measurable effect on the hypothalamus. Thus, TX is able to prevent the positive- but not negative-feedback effect of E2 on the hypothalamus. TX also blocks the effects of E2 on tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurones and PRL secretion. These findings further characterise the anti-oestrogenic actions of TX in the hypothalamus and provide new information on the oestrogenic regulation of LH and PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S S Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Araujo-Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I A R Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P C Henriques
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M O Poletini
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C R Franci
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Reis
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kalil B, Ribeiro AB, Leite CM, Uchôa ET, Carolino RO, Cardoso TSR, Elias LLK, Rodrigues JA, Plant TM, Poletini MO, Anselmo-Franci JA. The Increase in Signaling by Kisspeptin Neurons in the Preoptic Area and Associated Changes in Clock Gene Expression That Trigger the LH Surge in Female Rats Are Dependent on the Facilitatory Action of a Noradrenaline Input. Endocrinology 2016; 157:323-35. [PMID: 26556532 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) of the preoptic area are considered to provide a major stimulatory input to the GnRH neuronal network that is responsible for triggering the preovulatory LH surge. Noradrenaline (NA) is one of the main modulators of GnRH release, and NA fibers are found in close apposition to kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V. Our objective was to interrogate the role of NA signaling in the kisspeptin control of GnRH secretion during the estradiol induced LH surge in ovariectomized rats, using prazosin, an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In control rats, the estradiol-induced LH surge at 17 hours was associated with a significant increase in GnRH and kisspeptin content in the median eminence with the increase in kisspeptin preceding that of GnRH and LH. Prazosin, administered 5 and 3 hours prior to the predicted time of the LH surge truncated the LH surge and abolished the rise in GnRH and kisspeptin in the median eminence. In the preoptic area, prazosin blocked the increases in Kiss1 gene expression and kisspeptin content in association with a disruption in the expression of the clock genes, Per1 and Bmal1. Together these findings demonstrate for the first time that NA modulates kisspeptin synthesis in the RP3V through the activation of α1-adrenergic receptors prior to the initiation of the LH surge and indicate a potential role of α1-adrenergic signaling in the circadian-controlled pathway timing of the preovulatory LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Kalil
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Leite
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ernane T Uchôa
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ruither O Carolino
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Thais S R Cardoso
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucila L K Elias
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - José A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Tony M Plant
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Departamento de Fisiologia (B.K., A.B.R., E.T.U., L.L.K.E., J.A.R.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, and Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia, e Patologia Básica (C.M.L., R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (T.M.P.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica (T.S.R.C., M.O.P.), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (E.T.U.), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Iijima N, Takumi K, Matsumoto K, Ozawa H. Visualization of Kisspeptin Binding to Rat Hypothalamic Neurons. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:179-84. [PMID: 26855450 PMCID: PMC4731855 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide kisspeptin plays an important role in fertility and the onset of puberty, stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Several studies have demonstrated a morphological interaction between kisspeptin- and GnRH-expressing neurons; however, few have addressed the interaction of kisspeptin with other neuronal subtypes. We recently showed that fibers immunoreactive for kisspeptin were densely distributed in the dorsal part of the arcuate nucleus. These fibers were found in close proximity to GnRH and tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons. In the present study, using biotinylated kisspeptin, we established a visualization method for identifying kisspeptin binding sites on TIDA neurons. Biotinylated kisspeptin bound to the cell bodies of TIDA neurons and surrounding fibers, suggesting that TIDA neurons express sites of action for kisspeptin. Our assay also detected biotinylation signals from kisspeptin binding to GnRH fibers in the median eminence, but not to cell bodies of GnRH neurons in the medial preoptic area. Positive signals were completely eliminated by addition of excess non-labeled kisspeptin. This method enabled us to detect kisspeptin binding sites on specific neural structures and neuronal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Ken Takumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Keisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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Higo S, Aikawa S, Iijima N, Ozawa H. Rapid modulation of hypothalamic Kiss1 levels by the suckling stimulus in the lactating rat. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:105-15. [PMID: 26446276 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, lactation suppresses GnRH/LH secretion resulting in transient infertility. In rats, GnRH/LH secretion is rescued within 18-48 h after pup separation (PS) and rapidly re-suppressed by subsequent re-exposure of pups. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these rapid modulations, changes in the expression of kisspeptin, a stimulator of GnRH secretion, in several lactating conditions (normal-lactating; 4-h PS; 18-h PS; 4-h PS +1-h re-exposure of pups; non-lactating) were examined using in situ hybridization. PS for 4 h or 18 h increased Kiss1 expressing neurons in both the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and subsequent exposure of pups re-suppressed Kiss1 in the AVPV. A change in Kiss1 expression was observed prior to the reported time of the change in GnRH/LH, indicating that the change in GnRH/LH results from changes in kisspeptin. We further examined the mechanisms underlying the rapid modulation of Kiss1. We first investigated the possible involvement of ascending sensory input during the suckling stimulus. Injection of the anterograde tracer to the subparafascicular parvocellular nucleus (SPFpc) in the midbrain, which relays the suckling stimulus, revealed direct neuronal connections between the SPFpc and kisspeptin neurons in both the AVPV and ARC. We also examined the possible involvement of prolactin (PRL). Administration of PRL for 1 h suppressed Kiss1 expression in the AVPV but not in the ARC. These results indicate that suckling stimulus rapidly modulates Kiss1 expression directly via neuronal connections and indirectly through serum PRL, resulting in modulation in GnRH/LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Satoko Aikawa
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Kaya A, Orbak Z, Polat H, Çayır A, Erdil A, Döneray H. Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in Newborn Infants with Breast Enlargement. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:192-6. [PMID: 26831552 PMCID: PMC4677553 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kisspeptin levels have been reported in children with premature thelarche, precocious puberty and adolescent gynecomastia, but there are no reports on kisspeptin levels in the neonatal period. This study aimed to investigate plasma kisspeptin hormone levels in newborns with and without breast enlargement. METHODS Plasma kisspeptin levels and other related biochemical variables were investigated in this prospective study conducted on 40 (20 girls and 20 boys) newborn infants with breast enlargement and on 40 healthy control infants (20 girls and 20 boys). Two-milliliter venous blood samples were taken in hemogram tubes with K2EDTA. Kisspeptin assays were performed using the enzyme-immunoassay method. RESULTS Mean plasma kisspeptin levels were 0.6 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the study group and 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the control group. Plasma kisspeptin concentrations were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.039) and also showed a correlation with serum prolactin levels (p=0.006). Significant correlations were also determined between plasma kisspeptin and luteinizing hormone concentrations (p=0.05, r=0.312). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that plasma kisspeptin and serum prolactin levels may be involved in the physiopathology of breast enlargement in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Kaya
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey Phone: +90 505 267 70 45 E-mail:
| | - Zerrin Orbak
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Polat
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Çayır
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Erdil
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Döneray
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
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Clarke H, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Comprehensive Review on Kisspeptin and Its Role in Reproductive Disorders. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:124-41. [PMID: 26194072 PMCID: PMC4508256 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin has recently emerged as a key regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. It is known that kisspeptin, acting centrally via the kisspeptin receptor, stimulates secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Loss of kisspeptin signaling causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans and other mammals. Kisspeptin interacts with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin B and dynorphin, to regulate GnRH pulse generation. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling be regulated by nutritional status and stress. Kisspeptin may also represent a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fertility disorders. Early human studies suggest that peripheral exogenous kisspeptin administration stimulates gonadotrophin release in healthy adults and in patients with certain forms of infertility. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about kisspeptin as a regulator of reproductive function, and provide an update on recent advances within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Clarke
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Liu X, Herbison A. Kisspeptin regulation of arcuate neuron excitability in kisspeptin receptor knockout mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1815-27. [PMID: 25756309 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is critical for kisspeptin to activate GnRH neurons to modulate fertility. However, the often mismatching distribution of kisspeptin and GPR54 in the brain suggests that kisspeptin may also act on other receptors. The arcuate nucleus (ARN) is one brain region with a very high density of kisspeptin fibers but only limited evidence for the expression of GPR54. Using acute brain slice electrophysiology in combination with Gpr54 knockout (GPR54KO) mouse models, we examined whether actions of kisspeptin in the ARN were dependent upon GPR54. Cell-attached recordings from unidentified ARN neurons in wild-type mice revealed that approximately one third of neurons were either excited or inhibited by kisspeptin in a dose-dependent manner. The responses of ARN neurons to kisspeptin were exactly the same in GPR54KO mice despite effects of kisspeptin on GnRH neurons being abolished. To evaluate whether kisspeptin may be acting through neuropeptide FF receptors, the effects of an agonist RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) and antagonists RF9 and BIBP-3226 were evaluated. Both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of kisspeptin were mimicked by the agonist RFRP-3. RF9 itself activated ARN neurons and suppressed only the inhibitory actions of kisspeptin. BIBP-3226 suppressed kisspeptin actions in 50% of neurons. Whole-cell recordings in GPR54KO mice demonstrated that both kisspeptin and RFRP-3 acted directly on the same ARN neurons and activated the same ion channels. Together, these studies demonstrate that kisspeptin can act partly through neuropeptide FF receptors to modulate neuronal activity independent of GPR54 in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Rabelo P, Almeida T, Guimarães J, Barcellos L, Cordeiro L, Moraes M, Coimbra C, Szawka R, Soares D. Intrinsic exercise capacity is related to differential monoaminergic activity in the rat forebrain. Brain Res Bull 2015; 112:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ribeiro AB, Leite CM, Kalil B, Franci CR, Anselmo-Franci JA, Szawka RE. Kisspeptin regulates tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurones and prolactin secretion in an oestradiol-dependent manner in male and female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:88-99. [PMID: 25453900 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) secretion is inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine. Kisspeptin controls luteinising hormone (LH) secretion and is also involved in PRL regulation. We further investigated the effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) on the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones and the role of oestradiol (E2 ) in this mechanism. Female and male rats were injected with i.c.v. Kp-10 and evaluated for PRL release and the activity of dopamine terminals in the median eminence (ME) and neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary (NIL). Kp-10 at the doses of 0.6 and 3 nmol increased plasma PRL and decreased 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the ME and NIL of ovariectomised (OVX), E2 -treated rats but had no effect in OVX. In gonad-intact males, 3 nmol Kp-10 increased PRL secretion and decreased DOPAC levels in the ME but not in the NIL. Castrated males treated with either testosterone or E2 also displayed increased PRL secretion and reduced ME DOPAC in response to Kp-10, whereas castrated rats receiving oil or dihydrotestosterone were unresponsive. By contrast, the LH response to Kp-10 was not E2 -dependent in either females or males. Additionally, immunohistochemical double-labelling demonstrated that TIDA neurones of male rats contain oestrogen receptor (ER)-α, with a higher proportion of neurones expressing ERα than in dioestrous females. The dopaminergic neurones of periventricular hypothalamic nucleus displayed much lower ERα expression. Thus, TIDA neurones express ERα in male and female rats, and kisspeptin increases PRL secretion through inhibition of TIDA neurones in an E2 -dependent manner in both sexes. These findings provide new evidence about the role of kisspeptin in the regulation of dopamine and PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Jayasena CN, Comninos AN, Narayanaswamy S, Bhalla S, Abbara A, Ganiyu-Dada Z, Busbridge M, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Dhillo WS. Acute and chronic effects of kisspeptin-54 administration on GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in healthy women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:891-8. [PMID: 24863252 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peptide hormone kisspeptin is essential for human reproduction, acting on the hypothalamus to stimulate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kisspeptin is currently being evaluated as a novel therapeutic for women with infertility. However, some animal studies suggest that kisspeptin may also stimulate growth hormone (GH), prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, with implications for its safety; no previous study has investigated whether kisspeptin stimulates these pituitary hormones in humans. AIM To determine whether kisspeptin-54 modulates GH, prolactin and TSH secretion in healthy women. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, one-way crossover study. Five healthy women received 7 days of twice-daily subcutaneous bolus vehicle (month 1) or 6·4 nmol/kg kisspeptin-54 (month 2). MEASUREMENTS Serum samples were analysed post hoc for GH, prolactin and TSH. RESULTS Mean serum GH, PRL and TSH did not change during the first 4 h following kisspeptin-54 injection when compared with vehicle. The mean frequency or amplitude of GH pulses (which influence GH function) did not change acutely following kisspeptin-54 injection when compared with vehicle. No chronic changes in serum GH, PRL or TSH were observed over the 7-day period of twice-daily kisspeptin-54 injections when compared with vehicle. CONCLUSION While we cannot exclude any effect of kisspeptin-54 on GH, prolactin or TSH secretion, we observed no significant changes in these hormones at a dose of kisspeptin-54 administration known to stimulate gonadotrophin secretion in a small study of healthy women. These data have important implications for the potential of kisspeptin to treat patients with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa N Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Neurokinin B- and kisspeptin-positive fibers as well as tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons directly innervate periventricular hypophyseal dopaminergic neurons in rats and mice. Neurosci Res 2014; 84:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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