1
|
Yin X, Dong L, Wang X, Qin Z, Ma Y, Ke X, Li Y, Wang Q, Mi Y, Lyu Q, Xu X, Zheng P, Tang Y. Perilipin 5 regulates hepatic stellate cell activation and high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:166-178. [PMID: 37202925 PMCID: PMC11079159 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major effector cells of liver fibrosis. HSCs contain abundant lipid droplets (LDs) in their cytoplasm during quiescence. Perilipin 5 (PLIN 5) is a LD surface-associated protein that plays a crucial role in lipid homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of PLIN 5 in HSC activation. METHODS PLIN 5 was overexpressed in HSCs of Sprague-Dawley rats by lentivirus transfection. At the same time, PLIN 5 gene knockout mice were constructed and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to study the role of PLIN 5 in NAFLD. The corresponding reagent kits were used to measure TG, GSH, Caspase 3 activity, ATP level, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Metabolomic analysis of mice liver tissue metabolism was performed based on UPLC-MS/MS. AMPK, mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis-related genes and proteins were detected by western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS Overexpression of PLIN 5 in activated HSCs led to a decrease in ATP levels in mitochondria, inhibition of cell proliferation, and a significant increase in cell apoptosis through AMPK activation. In addition, compared with the HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, PLIN 5 knockout mice fed with HFD showed reduced liver fat deposition, decreased LD abundance and size, and reduced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the unique regulatory role of PLIN 5 in HSCs and the role of PLIN 5 in the fibrosis process of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuecui Yin
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuying Ma
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaofei Ke
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Nutritionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co‐innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Henan Provincial Outstanding Overseas Scientists Chronic Liver Injury Studiothe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Z, Liu L, Su H, Cao Y, Ma Z, Gao Y, Huang D. Curcumin and analogues in mitigating liver injury and disease consequences: From molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155234. [PMID: 38042008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury is a prevalent global health concern, impacting a substantial number of individuals and leading to elevated mortality rates and socioeconomic burdens. Traditional primary treatment options encounter resource constraints and high costs, prompting exploration of alternative adjunct therapies, such as phytotherapy. Curcumin demonstrates significant therapeutic potential across various medical conditions, particularly emerging as a promising candidate for liver injury treatment. PURPOSE This study aims to provide current evidence maps of curcumin and its analogs in the context of liver injury, covering aspects of biosafety, toxicology, and clinical trials. Importantly, it seeks to summarize the intricate mechanisms modulated by curcumin. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase up to July 2023. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria. The screening process involved three authors independently assessing the potential of curcumin mitigating liver injury and its disease consequences by reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS Curcumin and its analogs have demonstrated low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. However, the limited bioavailability has hindered their advanced use in liver injury. This limitation can potentially be addressed by nano-curcumin and emerging drug delivery systems. Curcumin plays a role in alleviating liver injury by modulating the antioxidant system, as well as cellular and molecular pathways. The specific mechanisms involve multiple pathways, such as NF-κB, p38/MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3, and the pro-apoptosis Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 axis in damaged cells. Additionally, curcumin targets nutritional metabolism, regulating the substance in liver cells and tissues. The microenvironment associated with liver injury, like extracellular matrix and immune cells and factors, is also regulated by curcumin. Initial evaluation of curcumin and its analogs through 12 clinical trials demonstrates their potential application in liver injury. CONCLUSION Curcumin emerges as a promising phytomedicine for liver injury owing to its effectiveness in hepatoprotection and low toxicity profile. Nevertheless, in-depth investigations are warranted to unravel the complex mechanisms through which curcumin influences liver tissues and overall physiological milieu. Moreover, extensive clinical trials are essential to determine optimal curcumin dosage forms, maximizing its benefits and achieving favorable clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hengpei Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhongkai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo F, Xiong H, Tsao R, Shahidi F, Wen X, Liu J, Jiang L, Sun Y. Green Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Hull Polyphenol Extract Alleviates NAFLD through VB6/TLR4/NF-κB and PPAR Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16067-16078. [PMID: 37861789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Green pea hull is a processing byproduct of green pea and rich in polyphenols. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of lipids in the liver for which there are no effective treatment strategies. Here, a mouse model of NAFLD induced by a DSS+high-fat diet (HFD) was established to investigate the effect of green pea hull polyphenol extract (EGPH). The results show that EGPH relief of NAFLD was a combined effect, including reducing hepatic fat accumulation, improving antioxidant activity and blood lipid metabolism, and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Increased intestinal permeability aggravated NAFLD. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis showed that vitamin B6 is the key target substance for EGPH to alleviate NAFLD, and it may be the intestinal flora metabolite. After EGPH intervention, the level of vitamin B6 in mice was significantly increased, and more than 60% in the blood enters the liver, which activated or inhibited PPAR and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways to relieve NAFLD. Our research could be a win-win for expanding the use of green pea hull and the search for NAFLD prophylactic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Xushen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | | | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of TraditionalChinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng Y, Xie L, Yang D, Luo K, Li X. Small-molecule natural plants for reversing liver fibrosis based on modulation of hepatic stellate cells activation: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154721. [PMID: 36870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a trauma repair process carried out by the liver in response to various acute and chronic liver injuries. Its primary pathological characteristics are excessive proliferation and improper dismissal of the extracellular matrix, and if left untreated, it will progress into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is intimately associated to the onset of LF, and it is anticipated that addressing HSCs proliferation can reverse LF. Plant-based small-molecule medications have anti-LF properties, and their mechanisms of action involve suppression of extracellular matrix abnormally accumulating as well as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. New targeting HSC agents will therefore be needed to provide a potential curative response. PURPOSE The most recent HSC routes and small molecule natural plants that target HSC described domestically and internationally in recent years were examined in this review. METHODS The data was looked up using resources including ScienceDirect, CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed. Keyword searches for information on hepatic stellate cells included "liver fibrosis", "natural plant", "hepatic stellate cells", "adverse reaction", "toxicity", etc. RESULTS: We discovered that plant monomers can target and control various pathways to prevent the activation and proliferation of HSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC in order to achieve the anti-LF effect in this work by compiling the plant monomers that influence many common pathways of HSC in recent years. It demonstrates the wide-ranging potential of plant monomers targeting different routes to combat LF, with a view to supplying new concepts and new strategies for natural plant therapy of LF as well as research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. The investigation of kaempferol, physalin B, and other plant monomers additionally motivated researchers to focus on the structure-activity link between the main chemicals and LF. CONCLUSION The creation of novel pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the use of natural components. They are often harmless for people, non-target creatures, and the environment because they are found in nature, and they can be employed as the starting chemicals for the creation of novel medications. Natural plants are valuable resources for creating new medications with fresh action targets because they feature original and distinctive action mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh S, Sharma N, Shukla S, Behl T, Gupta S, Anwer MK, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau SG, Brisc C. Understanding the Potential Role of Nanotechnology in Liver Fibrosis: A Paradigm in Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062811. [PMID: 36985782 PMCID: PMC10057127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ that plays a crucial role in the physiological operation of the human body. The liver controls the body's detoxification processes as well as the storage and breakdown of red blood cells, plasma protein and hormone production, and red blood cell destruction; therefore, it is vulnerable to their harmful effects, making it more prone to illness. The most frequent complications of chronic liver conditions include cirrhosis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, hepatitis, and illnesses brought on by alcohol and drugs. Hepatic fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells to cause persistent liver damage through the accumulation of cytosolic matrix proteins. The purpose of this review is to educate a concise discussion of the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, the symptoms of liver fibrosis progression and regression, the clinical evaluation of liver fibrosis and the research into nanotechnology-based synthetic and herbal treatments for the liver fibrosis is summarized in this article. The herbal remedies summarized in this review article include epigallocathechin-3-gallate, silymarin, oxymatrine, curcumin, tetrandrine, glycyrrhetinic acid, salvianolic acid, plumbagin, Scutellaria baicalnsis Georgi, astragalosides, hawthorn extract, and andrographolides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 150001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu S, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Xu F. Curcumin Affects Leptin-Induced Expression of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A in Hepatic Stellate Cells by Inhibition of JNK Signaling. Pharmacology 2021; 106:426-434. [PMID: 34148046 DOI: 10.1159/000516892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obese patients are often accompanied by hyperleptinemia and prone to develop liver fibrosis. Accumulating data including those obtained from human studies suggested the promotion role of leptin in liver fibrosis. The remodeling of the DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism for regulating gene expression and is essential for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, a key step in liver fibrogenesis. Leptin increases the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) which is associated with DNA methylation and HSC activation. Curcumin, an active polyphenol of the golden spice turmeric, inhibits leptin-induced HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis. Thus, the present research aimed to investigate the influence of curcumin on the roles of leptin in MAT2A expression in HSCs. METHODS The in vivo experiments were conducted by using leptin-deficient obese mice. The gene expressions were examined by Western blot, real-time PCR, promoter activity assay, and immunostaining analysis. RESULTS Curcumin reduced leptin-induced MAT2A expression. JNK signaling contributed to leptin-induced increase in MAT2A level, which could be interrupted by curcumin treatment. Curcumin inhibited leptin-induced MAT2A promoter activity by influencing MAT2A promoter fragments between -2,847 bp and - 2,752 bp and between -2,752 bp and +49 bp. The effect of curcumin on leptin-induced MAT2A expression paralleled the reductions in leptin-induced activated HSCs and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These results might have implications for curcumin inhibition of the liver fibrogenesis in obese patients with hyperleptinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guan R, Van Le Q, Yang H, Zhang D, Gu H, Yang Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Zhong J, Jianguang Z, Liu R, Peng W. A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129499. [PMID: 33445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals refer to active substances in plant-based diets. Phytochemicals found in for example fruits, vegetables, grains and seed oils are considered relatively safe for consumption due to mammal-plant co-evolution and adaptation. A number of human diseases are related to oxidative stress caused by for example chemical environmental contaminants in air, water and food; while also lifestyle including smoking and lack of exercise and dietary preferences are important factors for disease development in humans. Here we explore the dietary sources of antioxidant phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on oxidative stress, cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well as cancer. Plant-based diets usually contain phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant properties, and therefore remove the excess of active oxygen in the body, and protect cells from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, obesity is related to diet and inactivity and plant-based diets change lipid composition and metabolism, which reduce obesity related hazards. Cruciferous and Allium vegetables are rich in organic sulphides that can act on the metabolism of carcinogens and therefore used as anti-cancer and suppressing agents while dietary fibres and plant sterols may improve intestinal health and prevent intestinal diseases. Thus, we recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains as its content of phytochemicals may have the potential to prevent or improve a broad sweep of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhu Jianguang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park YJ, Jeon MS, Lee S, Kim JK, Jang TS, Chung KH, Kim KH. Anti-fibrotic effects of brevilin A in hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127989. [PMID: 33794317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) after repetitive liver damage is a key event in hepatic fibrogenesis. As part of ongoing research projects to identify pharmacologically effective natural products, the phytochemical investigation of a MeOH extract of Centipeda minima led to the isolation of a sesquiterpene lactone, brevilin A, which was explored to elucidate potential anti-fibrotic effects by reversing HSC activation. First, we observed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment significantly increased the expression levels of HSC activation marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and ECM protein such as collagen and fibronectin. Then, we demonstrated that brevilin A reversed the TGF-β1-induced increase in protein and mRNA expression levels of α-SMA and collagen. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of brevilin A, we evaluated the effects of brevilin A on the STAT3 signaling pathway. STAT3 phosphorylation, increased by TGF-β1 treatment, was strongly inhibited by brevilin A; the expression levels of fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor were also significantly decreased by brevilin A. The present study indicated that brevilin A has a preventive and therapeutic potential against hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Jeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hassanzadeh K, Buccarello L, Dragotto J, Mohammadi A, Corbo M, Feligioni M. Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6619. [PMID: 32927725 PMCID: PMC7554750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the extensive public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals to prevent or treat human diseases in recent years, natural compounds have been highly investigated to elucidate their therapeutic effect on chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin, an active principle of the perennial herb Curcuma longa, has attracted an increasing research interest over the last half-century due to its diversity of molecular targets, including transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and it's interesting pharmacological activities. Despite that, the clinical effectiveness of the native curcumin is weak, owing to its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Preclinical data obtained from animal models and phase I clinical studies done in human volunteers confirmed a small amount of intestinal absorption, hepatic first pass effect, and some degree of intestinal metabolism, might explain its poor systemic availability when it is given via the oral route. During the last decade, researchers have attempted with new pharmaceutical methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, solid dispersions, emulsions, and microspheres to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with a varying range of enhanced bioavailability. This manuscript critically reviews the available scientific evidence on the basic and clinical effects and molecular targets of curcumin. We also discuss its pharmacokinetic and problems for marketing curcumin as a drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Lucia Buccarello
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marco Feligioni
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Curcumin reduces methionine adenosyltransferase 2B expression by interrupting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in hepatic stellate cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173424. [PMID: 32738342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The active polyphenol curcumin demonstrates therapeutic effects against various different diseases. Researches revealed the inhibitory roles of curcumin in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and fibrogenesis. HSC activation, a key step in liver fibrogenesis, requires the remodeling of DNA methylation, which is associated with methionine adenosyltransferase II (MATII) composed of catalytic subunit MAT2A and regulatory subunit MAT2B. MATII is essential for HSC activation in vitro. The present researches aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on MAT2B expression in HSCs in vivo and in vitro. Results demonstrated that curcumin could reduce MAT2B expression in HSCs at multiple levels. The activation of p38 MAPK pathway promoted MAT2B expression in HSCs. The effect of curcumin on MAT2B was through its interruption of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Knockdown of MAT2B inhibited HSC activation and reduced collagen level in the model of liver fibrosis. Curcumin down-regulation of MAT2B contributed to the inhibitory role of curcumin on HSC activation and collagen expression in mouse livers. This study provided evidences for the effect of curcumin on the expression of MAT2B, an enzyme for the biosynthesis of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, in HSCs and demonstrated the function significance of curcumin-induced downregulation of MAT2B in curcumin inhibition of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan YT, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Feng Y. Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis by Natural Products: Is It the Dawning of a New Era? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:548. [PMID: 32425789 PMCID: PMC7212390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive liver damage condition that is worth studying widely. It is important to target and alleviate the disease at an early stage before turning into later cirrhosis or liver cancer. There are currently no direct medicines targeting the attenuation or reversal of liver fibrosis, and so there is an urgent need to look into this area. Traditional Chinese Medicine has a long history in using herbal medicines to treat liver diseases including fibrosis. It is time to integrate the ancient wisdom with modern science and technology to look for the best solution to the disease. In this review, the principal concept of the pathology of liver fibrosis will be described, and then some of the single compounds isolated from herbal medicines, including salvianolic acids, oxymatrine, curcumin, tetrandrine, etc. will be discussed from their effects to the molecular mechanism behind. Molecular targets of the compounds are analyzed by network pharmacology approach, and TGFβ/SMAD was identified as the most common pathway. This review serves to summarize the current findings of herbal medicines combining with modern medicines in the area of fibrosis. It hopefully provides insights in further pharmaceutical research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghelani H, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chang D, Nammi S. Chronic treatment of curcumin improves hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviates the renal damage in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:431. [PMID: 31752737 PMCID: PMC6873446 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome, is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The literature indicates that CKD is associated with profound lipid disorders due to the dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism which progresses kidney disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin on dyslipidaemia associated with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Methods Male SD rats (n = 29) were divided into 5 groups for 24 days: normal control (n = 5, normal diet), CKD control (n = 6, 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 50 (n = 6, 50 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 100 (n = 6, 100 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), and CUR 150 (n = 6, 150 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet). The serum and tissue lipid profile, as well as the kidney function test, were measured using commercial diagnostic kits. Results The marked rise in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in serum, as well as hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids of CKD control rats were significantly protected by curcumin co-treatment (at the dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared to the CKD control rats but did not attenuate the CKD-induced weight retardation. Mathematical computational analysis revealed that curcumin significantly reduced indicators for the risk of atherosclerotic lesions (atherogenic index) and coronary atherogenesis (coronary risk index). In addition, curcumin improved kidney function as shown by the reduction in proteinuria and improvement in creatinine clearance. Conclusion The results provide new scientific evidence for the use of curcumin in CKD-associated dyslipidaemia and substantiates the traditional use of curcumin in preventing kidney damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ghelani
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Buonomo AR, Scotto R, Nappa S, Arcopinto M, Salzano A, Marra AM, D’Assante R, Zappulo E, Borgia G, Gentile I. The role of curcumin in liver diseases. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1608-1620. [PMID: 31749891 PMCID: PMC6855174 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riccardo Buonomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nappa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Borgia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein structured molecule which is mostly released by the liver. As a multifunctional protein, fetuin-A has positive effects on health such as calcification, cardiovascular diseases and tumor development processes with various mechanisms, whereas it plays a negative role in the processes of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. There are a large number of studies reporting that serum fetuin-A levels are affected by several dietary factors. It is reported in some of these studies that several nutrients increase fetuin-A release, while some others have adverse effects. It is put forward that some nutrients such as dairy products, curcumin, niacin, palmitate, coffee and alcohol consumption decrease fetuin-A level, and dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake may increase fetuin-A concentration. In addition, it is indicated that high blood glucose levels increase hepatic fetuin-A release by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 enzymes and increased plasma free fatty acids do the same effect by increasing NF-KB activity. Despite these studies in the literature, there is not any review evaluating fetuin-A, chronic diseases and nutrition together. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between serum fetuin levels and some diseases and the effects of nutrients on fetuin A levels were investigated with possible mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yıldıran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Soltani A, Salmaninejad A, Jalili‐Nik M, Soleimani A, Javid H, Hashemy SI, Sahebkar A. 5′‐Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase: A potential target for disease prevention by curcumin. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2241-2251. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili‐Nik
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin J, Zheng S, Attie AD, Keller MP, Bernlohr DA, Blaner WS, Newberry EP, Davidson NO, Chen A. Perilipin 5 and liver fatty acid binding protein function to restore quiescence in mouse hepatic stellate cells. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:416-428. [PMID: 29317465 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation occurs along with decreased Perilipin5 (Plin5) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp) expression and coincident lipid droplet (LD) depletion. Conversely, the activated phenotype is reversible in WT HSCs upon forced expression of Plin5. Here, we asked if L-Fabp expression is required for Plin5-mediated rescue of the quiescent phenotype. Lentiviral Plin5 transduction of passaged L-Fabp-/- HSCs failed to reverse activation markers or restore lipogenic gene expression and LD formation. However, adenoviral L-Fabp infection of lentiviral Plin5 transduced L-Fabp-/- HSCs restored both the quiescent phenotype and LD formation, an effect also mediated by adenoviral intestine-Fabp or adipocyte-Fabp. Expression of exogenous Plin5 in activated WT HSCs induced a transcriptional program of lipogenic gene expression including endogenous L-Fabp, but none of the other FABPs. We further demonstrated that selective, small molecule inhibition of endogenous L-Fabp also eliminated the ability of exogenous Plin5 to rescue LD formation and reverse activation of WT HSCs. This functional coordination of L-Fabp with Plin5 was 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and was eliminated by AMPK inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that L-Fabp is required for Plin5 to activate a transcriptional program that restores LD formation and reverses HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Elizabeth P Newberry
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen J, Yu Y, Li S, Liu Y, Zhou S, Cao S, Yin J, Li G. MicroRNA-30a ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting Beclin1-mediated autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3679-3692. [PMID: 28766848 PMCID: PMC5706581 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of microRNA-30a (miR-30a) and the mechanism involved in hepatic fibrosis. MiR-30a overexpression was achieved by miR-30a mimics transfection in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (HSC-T6, LX-2), and miR-30a agomir (ago-miR-30a) treatment in mice. MiR-30a levels were measured using TaqMan miRNA assay system, and the localization of miR-30a was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The interaction of miR-30a and Beclin1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Autophagic flux was analysed using tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and Western blot of LC3-II/I ratio. MiR-30a was notably down-regulated in activated HSCs and LX-2-exosomes induced by TGF-β1; overexpression of miR-30a down-regulated extracellular matrix (ECM), such as α-SMA, TIMP-1, and Collagen I expression, and suppressed cell viability in HSCs. MiR-30a was significantly down-regulated in hepatic fibrosis mice and overexpression of miR-30a prevented BDL-induced fibrogenesis, concomitant with the down-regulation of ECM. MiR-30a inhibited HSCs autophagy and increased lipid accumulation in HSCs and in mice fibrotic hepatic tissues. MiR-30a inhibited its downstream effector of Beclin1 by direct targeting its 3'-UTR region. Moreover, Knock-down of Beclin1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited HSC autophagy and activation in LX-2 cells. In conclusion, miR-30a is down-regulated in hepatic fibrosis models and its overexpression prevents liver fibrogenesis by directly suppressing Beclin1-mediated autophagy; therefore, miR-30a may be a new potential therapeutic target for controlling hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Chen
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Department of General SurgeryPeople's HospitalJingjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryHuai'an First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Shouji Cao
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJinling HospitalNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Liver SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public HealthNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hajavi J, Momtazi AA, Johnston TP, Banach M, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A Naturally Occurring Modulator of Adipokines in Diabetes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4170-4182. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hajavi
- Immunology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research CenterDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in LodzMedical University of LodzZeromskiego 113LodzPoland
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad9177948564Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Xu J, Di W, Yang Z, Hu W, Yang Y. AMPK: a novel target for treating hepatic fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62780-62792. [PMID: 28977988 PMCID: PMC5617548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common process of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation following inflammatory injury. Fibrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of almost all liver diseases for which there is no effective treatment. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that can ameliorate the process of hepatic fibrogenesis. Given the existing evidence, we first introduce the basic background of AMPK and hepatic fibrosis and the actions of AMPK in hepatic fibrosis. Second, we discuss the three phases of hepatic fibrosis and potential drugs that target AMPK. Third, we analyze possible anti-fibrosis mechanisms and other benefits of AMPK on the liver. Finally, we summarize and briefly explain the current objections to targeting AMPK. This review may aid clinical and basic research on AMPK, which may be a novel drug candidate for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen M, Liu J, Yang L, Ling W. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates lipid metabolism and the fibrotic phenotype of hepatic stellate cells through inhibition of autophagy. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:811-820. [PMID: 28593136 PMCID: PMC5458462 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the principal hepatic cell type responsible for liver fibrosis. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to regulate the activation of HSCs, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restricts the fibrotic potential elicited by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in LX-2 cells through modulation of autophagy. AICAR treatment activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin/Akt pathway and thus inhibited autophagy flux and lipid droplet degradation in lysosomes induced by TGF-β. Pretreatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin reversed the effects of AMPK, further confirming that AICAR inhibited TGF-β-induced HSC activation via the regulation of autophagy flux. Our study indicates that AICAR exerts its anti-fibrotic and anti-lipid depletion effect, at least in part, by inhibiting TGF-β-induced autophagy flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health Guangzhou Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Öner-İyidoğan Y, Seyithanoğlu M, Tanrıkulu-Küçük S, Koçak H, Beyhan-Özdaş Ş, Koçak-Toker N. The effect of dietary curcumin on hepatic chymase activity and serum fetuin-A levels in rats fed on a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yıldız Öner-İyidoğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University, Çapa; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Muhammed Seyithanoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University, Çapa; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevda Tanrıkulu-Küçük
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Bilim University; Esentepe Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hikmet Koçak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Bilim University; Esentepe Istanbul Turkey
| | - Şule Beyhan-Özdaş
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul Bilim University; Esentepe Istanbul Turkey
| | - Necla Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University, Çapa; Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Perilipin 5 restores the formation of lipid droplets in activated hepatic stellate cells and inhibits their activation. J Transl Med 2016; 96:791-806. [PMID: 27135793 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are major effectors during hepatic fibrogenesis. The activation of HSC is coupled to the loss of lipid droplets (LDs), which are specialized organelles composed of neutral lipids surrounded by perilipins. LDs have emerged as a focal point of interest in understanding the metabolic regulation of intrahepatic lipids during lipid-mediated liver fibrogenesis. Perilipin 5 (Plin5) is a newly identified LD protein in the perilipin family, which plays a key role in regulating aspects of intracellular trafficking, signaling, and cytoskeletal organization in hepatocytes. Recent work in Plin5 knockout mice suggests a role in high fat diet-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. The current report is to evaluate the impact of Plin5 on HSC activation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We now show that high fat diet-induced liver fibrosis is accompanied by an approximate 75% reduction in Plin5 in HSC, and that spontaneous activation of primary HSC produces temporally coincident loss of Plin5 expression and LD depletion. As modulating lipid content in HSC is a suggested strategy for inhibition of HSC activation and treatment of hepatic fibrosis, we asked whether exogenous Plin5 expression in primary HSC would reverse the activation phenotype and promote LD formation. Recombinant lentiviral Plin5 expression in primary mouse HSC restored the formation of LDs, increased lipid content by inducing expression of pro-lipogenic genes and suppressing expression of pro-lipolytic genes, and suppressed HSC activation (~two fold reduction in expression of procollagen and α-smooth muscle actin, two unique biomarkers for activated HSC). In addition, the expression of exogenous Plin5 in HSC attenuated cellular oxidative stress by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species, elevating cellular glutathione, and inducing gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase. Taken together, our results indicate that expression of Plin5 plays a critical role in the formation of LDs, the elevation of lipid content in HSC, and the inhibition of the activation of HSC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lian N, Jin H, Zhang F, Wu L, Shao J, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin inhibits aerobic glycolysis in hepatic stellate cells associated with activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:589-96. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Departemt of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Seyithanoğlu M, Öner-İyidoğan Y, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Tanrıkulu-Küçük S, Koçak H, Beyhan-Özdaş Ş, Koçak-Toker N. The effect of dietary curcumin and capsaicin on hepatic fetuin-A expression and fat accumulation in rats fed on a high-fat diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:94-102. [PMID: 26706937 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of curcumin (turmeric) and capsaicin (red pepper) on hepatic fat accumulation and fetuin-A expression in rats fed high-fat diet (HFD) is aimed to be investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received HFD (60% of total calories from fat) and 0.15 g capsaicin/kg HFD and/or 1.5 g curcumin/kg HFD for 16 weeks. Hepatic AMPK, p-AMPK and fetuin-A expressions were determined by western blotting, liver lipid levels were measured with colorimetric methods and serum fetuin-A, insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels were detected using commercial ELISA kits. HFD increased hepatic lipid levels, fetuin-A expression and serum leptin, insülin and fetuin-A levels. Curcumin and capsaicin treatments significantly reduced hepatic fat accumulation and leptin levels; liver fetuin-A expression was decreased significantly by the curcumin treatment. Curcumin and capsaicin treatments attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and increased leptin levels related to inflammation. The suppression of hepatic fetuin-A expression is observed to be especially sensitive to curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Seyithanoğlu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Çapa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Yıldız Öner-İyidoğan
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Çapa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Çapa , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | | | - Şule Beyhan-Özdaş
- c Department of Medical Biology and Genetic , Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University , Esentepe , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Necla Koçak-Toker
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Çapa , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan G, Li B, Xin X, Xu M, Ji G, Yu H. MicroRNA-34a Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Targeting ACSL1. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3008-15. [PMID: 26437572 PMCID: PMC4601392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of liver fibrosis remains high due to the lack of effective therapies. Our previous work found that microRNA (miR)-34a expression was increased, while acy1-CoA synthetase long-chain family member1 (ACSL1) was decreased, in a dimethylnitrosamine (DNS)-induced hepatic fibrosis rat model. We hypothesized that miR-34a may play a role in the process of hepatic fibrosis by targeting ACSL1. MATERIAL AND METHODS From days 2 to 14, cultured primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) underwent cell morphology, immunocytochemical staining, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), desmin, rno-miR-34a, and ACSL1 expression. Wild-type and mutant luciferase reporter plasmids were constructed according to the predicted miR-34a binding site on the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the ACSL1 mRNA and then transfected into HEK293 cells. rno-miR-34a was silenced in HSCs to confirm that rno-miR-34a negatively regulates ACSL1 expression. mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, type I collagen, and desmin were assayed in miR-34a-silenced HSCs. RESULTS HSCs were deemed quiescent during the first 3 days and activated after 10 days. rno-miR-34a expression increased, and ACSL1 expression decreased, from day 2 to 7 to 14. rno-miR-34a was shown to specifically bind to the 3'-UTR of ACSL1. miR-34a-silenced HSCs showed higher ACSL1and lower α-SMA, type I collagen, and desmin expression than that of matching negative controls and non-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-34a appears to play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis by targeting ACSL1 and may show promise as a therapeutic molecular target for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Yan
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The No. 161 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Xin
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of the Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Domitrović R, Potočnjak I. A comprehensive overview of hepatoprotective natural compounds: mechanism of action and clinical perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:39-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang F, Lu C, Xu W, Shao J, Wu L, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin raises lipid content by Wnt pathway in hepatic stellate cell. J Surg Res 2015; 200:460-6. [PMID: 26414021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal event in liver fibrosis, which is characterized by dramatic disappearance of lipid droplets. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We aimed to explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HSC lipogenesis and to examine the effects of curcumin in this molecular context. METHODS Primary rat HSCs were cultured in vitro for experiments. The Wnt activator WAY-262611 and β-catenin activator lithium chloride (LiCl) were used to activate the pathway at distinct levels in HSCs. Cell proliferation, fibrogenic markers, intracellular lipids and triglyceride, and adipogenic transcription factors were examined in HSCs. RESULTS Both WAY-262611 and LiCl promoted proliferation and upregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and α1(I) procollagen, but they decreased the contents of intracellular lipids and triglyceride in HSCs. Analyses of adipogenic transcription pattern showed that the two compounds reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, retinoid X receptor-α, and retinoic acid receptor-β, four key transcription regulators of HSC adipogenic phenotype. Curcumin also reduced the expression of Frizzled and β-catenin, upregulated the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, and restored lipid content in HSCs. However, both WAY-262611 and LiCl abrogated curcumin restoration of lipogenesis and inhibition of fibrogenic marker expression in HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Wnt/β-catenin pathway was a profibrogenic signaling and inhibited lipogenesis by suppressing adipogenic transcription pattern in HSCs. Blockade of this pathway was associated with curcumin stimulation of HSC lipogenesis. We revealed a novel mechanism underlying curcumin restoration of lipid droplets during HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lian N, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Jin H, Lu C, Wu X, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin regulates cell fate and metabolism by inhibiting hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cells. J Transl Med 2015; 95:790-803. [PMID: 25938627 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling becomes activated in chronic liver injury and plays a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are Hh-responsive cells and activation of the Hh pathway promotes transdifferentiation of HSCs into myofibroblasts. Targeting Hh signaling may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of liver fibrosis. We previously reported that curcumin has potent antifibrotic effects in vivo and in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This study shows that curcumin downregulated Patched and Smoothened, two key elements in Hh signaling, but restored Hhip expression in rat liver with carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis and in cultured HSCs. Curcumin also halted the nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcription activity of Gli1. Moreover, the Hh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine, like curcumin, arrested the cell cycle, induced mitochondrial apoptosis, reduced fibrotic gene expression, restored lipid accumulation, and inhibited invasion and migration in HSCs. However, curcumin's effects on cell fate and fibrogenic properties of HSCs were abolished by the Hh pathway agonist SAG. Furthermore, curcumin and cyclopamine decreased intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate and lactate, and inhibited the expression and/or function of several key molecules controlling glycolysis. However, SAG abrogated the curcumin effects on these parameters of glycolysis. Animal data also showed that curcumin downregulated glycolysis-regulatory proteins in rat fibrotic liver. These aggregated data therefore indicate that curcumin modulated cell fate and metabolism by disrupting the Hh pathway in HSCs, providing novel molecular insights into curcumin reduction of HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [2] Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [3] The National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiafei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [2] Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [3] The National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [2] Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China [3] The National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang Y. Curcumin targets multiple pathways to halt hepatic stellate cell activation: updated mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1554-64. [PMID: 25532502 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is often accompanied by obese and/or type II diabetes mellitus. Approximately one-third of NASH patients develop hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells are the major effector cells during liver fibrogenesis. Advanced liver fibrosis usually proceeds to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to liver failure, portal hypertension and even death. Currently, there are no approved agents for treatment and prevention of liver fibrosis in human beings. Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of turmeric, has been reported to show antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties both in in vitro and in vivo systems. Accumulating data shows that curcumin plays a critical role in combating liver fibrogenesis. This review will discuss the inhibitory roles of curcumin and update the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin targets in inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anti-fibrotic effects of Kyungheechunggan-tang on activated hepatic stellate cells and rat liver. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
32
|
Cui L, Jia X, Zhou Q, Zhai X, Zhou Y, Zhu H. Curcumin affects β-catenin pathway in hepatic stellate cell in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1615-22. [PMID: 24945564 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is linked to the fibrosis of different organs including liver fibrosis. β-Catenin promotes hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, a key event in the development of liver fibrosis, and has emerged as a novel mediator of fibrosis. Curcumin, a natural active ingredient derived from turmeric, possesses an inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis. This study is aimed to examine whether curcumin affects β-catenin expression/activity in HSCs and explores the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The researchers used Western blot, real-time PCR, transfection assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and employed cultured HSCs and rat model of liver injury. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that curcumin could reduce β-catenin protein level in HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Both β-catenin transactivation activity and DNA-binding activity were suppressed by curcumin. Moreover, nuclear β-catenin protein level was decreased by curcumin treatment. Further experiments suggested that delta-like homologue 1 contributed to curcumin inhibition of β-catenin transactivation activity in cultured HSCs. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin affects β-catenin pathway in HSCs and might suggest a possible new explanation for the effects of curcumin on HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jing XY, Yang XF, Qing K, Ou-yang Y. Roles of the lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells activation △. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 28:233-6. [PMID: 24382226 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The lipids present in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) lipid droplets include retinyl ester, triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Activation of HSCs is crucial to the development of fibrosis in liver disease. During activation, HSCs transform into myofibroblasts with concomitant loss of their lipid droplets and production of excessive extracellular matrix. Release of lipid droplets containing retinyl esters and triglyceride is a defining feature of activated HSCs. Accumulating evidence supports the proposal that recovering the accumulation of lipids would inhibit the activation of HSCs. In healthy liver, quiescent HSCs store 80% of total liver retinols and release them depending on the extracellular retinol status. However, in injured liver activated HSCs lose their retinols and produce a considerable amount of extracellular matrix, subsequently leading to liver fibrosis. Further findings prove that lipid metabolism of HSCs is closely associated with its activation, yet relationship between activated HSCs and the lipid metabolism has remained mysterious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yan Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Xue-feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Ou-yang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Curcumin eliminates the effect of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the divergent regulation of gene expression of receptors of AGEs by interrupting leptin signaling. J Transl Med 2014; 94:503-16. [PMID: 24614199 PMCID: PMC4006284 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major risk factor for hepatic fibrogenesis. NASH is often found in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia induces non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, yielding advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Effects of AGEs are mainly mediated by two categories of cytoplasmic membrane receptors. Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas AGE receptor-1 (AGE-R1) is involved in detoxification and clearance of AGEs. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is crucial to the development of hepatic fibrosis. We recently reported that AGEs stimulated HSC activation likely by inhibiting gene expression of AGE-R1 and inducing gene expression of RAGE in HSC, which were eliminated by the antioxidant curcumin. This study is to test our hypothesis that curcumin eliminates the effects of AGEs on the divergent regulation of the two receptors of AGEs in HSC by interrupting the AGE-caused activation of leptin signaling, leading to the inhibition of HSC activation. We observed herein that AGEs activated leptin signaling by inducing gene expression of leptin and its receptor in HSC. Like AGEs, leptin differentially regulated gene expression of RAGE and AGE-R1. Curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs in HSC by interrupting leptin signaling and activating transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the elevation of cellular glutathione and the attenuation of oxidative stress. In conclusions, curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs on the divergent regulation of gene expression of RAGE and AGE-R1 in HSC by interrupting the AGE-caused activation of leptin signaling, leading to the inhibition of HSC activation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Qiu J, Zhou Q, Zhai X, Jia X, Zhou Y. Curcumin regulates delta-like homolog 1 expression in activated hepatic stellate cell. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Pan MH, Lai CS, Tsai ML, Ho CT. Chemoprevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by dietary natural compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:147-71. [PMID: 24302567 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a wide spectrum of liver disease that is not from excess alcohol consumption, but is often associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD pathogenesis is complicated and involves oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, insulin resistance, inflammation, and excessive dietary fat intake, which increase hepatic lipid influx and de novo lipogenesis and impair insulin signaling, thus promoting hepatic triglyceride accumulation and ultimately NAFLD. Overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue also affects hepatic metabolic function. Current NAFLD therapies are limited; thus, much attention has been focused on identification of potential dietary substances from fruits, vegetables, and edible plants to provide a new strategy for NAFLD treatment. Dietary natural compounds, such as carotenoids, omega-3-PUFAs, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, terpenoids, curcumin, and resveratrol, act through a variety of mechanisms to prevent and improve NAFLD. Here, we summarize and briefly discuss the currently known targets and signaling pathways as well as the role of dietary natural compounds that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hann SS, Chen J, Wang Z, Wu J, Zheng F, Zhao S. Targeting EP4 by curcumin through cross talks of AMP-dependent kinase alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling: The role of PGC-1α and Sp1. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2566-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Curcumin and diabetes: a systematic review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:636053. [PMID: 24348712 PMCID: PMC3857752 DOI: 10.1155/2013/636053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, has been used for the treatment of diabetes in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine. The active component of turmeric, curcumin, has caught attention as a potential treatment for diabetes and its complications primarily because it is a relatively safe and inexpensive drug that reduces glycemia and hyperlipidemia in rodent models of diabetes. Here, we review the recent literature on the applications of curcumin for glycemia and diabetes-related liver disorders, adipocyte dysfunction, neuropathy, nephropathy, vascular diseases, pancreatic disorders, and other complications, and we also discuss its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The applications of additional curcuminoid compounds for diabetes prevention and treatment are also included in this paper. Finally, we mention the approaches that are currently being sought to generate a "super curcumin" through improvement of the bioavailability to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of diabetes therapeutics.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu CF, Lin YL, Huang YT. Hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells involving the obese receptor. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:541-50. [PMID: 22961938 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus core protein (HCVcp), which is secreted by infected cells, is reported as an immunomodulator in immune cells. However, the effects of HCVcp on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the key cells in liver fibrosis, still remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of HCVcp on obese receptor (ObR) related downstream signaling pathways and fibrogenic gene expression in HSCs. LX-2, a human HSC line, was incubated with HCVcp. Inhibitors and short interfering RNAs were used to interrogate the mechanisms of HCVcp action on HSCs. HCVcp (20-100 ng/ml) concentration-dependently stimulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression and mRNA expression of α-SMA, procollagen α2(I) and TGF-β1 genes, with a plateau of 220% of controls at 100 ng/ml. HCVcp induced mRNA and protein expression of ObR. Blocking of Ob-Rb with a neutralizing antibody inhibited phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and AMPKα stimulated by HCVcp. Furthermore, knockdown of Ob-Rb down-regulated HCVcp-induced STAT3, AKT, and AMPKα phosphorylation, and reversed HCVcp-suppressed mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) genes. AMPKα signaling blockade reversed HCVcp-suppressed SREBP-1c mRNA expression. HCVcp stimulated reactive oxygen species formation and gp91(phox) (a component of NADPH oxidase) protein expression, together with AKT phosphorylation, leading to suppression of PPARγ and SREBP-1c genes. Our results provide a new finding that HCVcp induced ObR-dependent Janus Kinase (JAK) 2-STAT3, AMPKα, and AKT signaling pathways and modulated downstream fibrogenetic gene expression in HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Um MY, Hwang KH, Ahn J, Ha TY. Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hepatic steatosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:152-7. [PMID: 23574662 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a well-known component of traditional turmeric (Curcuma longa), which has been reported to prevent obesity and diabetes. However, the effect of curcumin on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin on hepatic steatosis in high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND), HFD or HFD with 0.15% curcumin (HFD+C) for 11 weeks. We found that curcumin significantly lowered the body-weight and adipose tissue weight of mice in the HFD+C group compared with the findings for the HFD group (p < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, fasting glucose and insulin in serum were decreased, and HFD-induced impairment of insulin sensitivity was improved by curcumin supplementation (p < 0.05). Curcumin protected against the development of hepatic steatosis by reducing hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, curcumin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and elevated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. By contrast, curcumin suppressed the HFD-mediated increases in sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase and cluster of differentiation 36 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that curcumin attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism via AMPK activation, suggesting its use as a therapeutic for hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Um
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-Gu, Sungnam, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sahebkar A. Why it is necessary to translate curcumin into clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome? Biofactors 2013; 39:197-208. [PMID: 23239418 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the yellow-orange pigment of dried Curcuma longa L. rhizomes (turmeric). During the past two decades, there has been a large volume of published studies describing the biological and pharmacological properties of this phytochemical including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonism, antirheumatic, anti-infectious, antiaging, antipsoriatic, and anticonvulsant activities. In addition, curcumin has been shown to be extremely safe and interact with multiple molecular targets that are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Curcumin could favorably affect all leading components of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C and hypertension, and prevent the deleterious complications of MetS including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin can also exert several pleiotropic effects and improve endothelial dysfunction, adipokine imbalances, and hyperuricemia which usually accompany MetS. Despite the potential tremendous benefit of this multifaceted phytopharmaceutical, no trial result has yet been publicized on this issue. This review seeks to briefly summarize the ample scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, at least as an adjunctive treatment, in patients with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Curcumin prevents liver fat accumulation and serum fetuin-A increase in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:677-86. [PMID: 23430567 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetuin-A is synthesized in the liver and is secreted into the bloodstream. Clinical studies suggest involvement of fetuin-A in metabolic disorders such as visceral obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver. Curcumin is extracted from the rhizome Curcuma longa and has been shown to possess potent antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of curcumin treatment on serum fetuin-A levels as well as hepatic lipids and prooxidant-antioxidant status in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was fed control diet (10 % of total calories from fat). Groups 2 and 3 were given curcumin (100 and 400 mg/kg bw/day, respectively ) by gavage for 8 weeks and were fed control diet. Group 4 was fed with HFD (60 % of total calories from fat). Groups 5 and 6 received HFD together with the two doses of curcumin, respectively. Curcumin treatment appeared to be effective in reducing liver triglycerides and serum fetuin-A levels. These findings suggest that the reduction of fetuin-A may contribute to the beneficial effects of curcumin in the pathogenesis of obesity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Meydani M. Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin. Biofactors 2013; 39:101-21. [PMID: 23339042 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid-mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid-mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPARγ, and LXRα) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase-1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid-metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid-mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life-span observed in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Cowan D, Ricciarelli R, Azzi A, Meydani M. Regulatory effects of curcumin on lipid accumulation in monocytes/macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:833-40. [PMID: 22021079 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in protecting against atherosclerosis and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms of these actions are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the dietary polyphenol curcumin can modulate the accumulation of lipids in monocytes/macrophages. Curcumin increased the expression of two lipid transport genes, the fatty acids transporter CD36/FAT and the fatty acids binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2; P < 0.05), leading to increased lipid levels in THP-1 and RAW264.7 monocytes and macrophages (P < 0.05). To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved, we assessed the activity of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), a transcription factor centrally involved in regulating several stress resistance and lipid transport genes. Curcumin increased FOXO3a-mediated gene expression by twofold (P < 0.05), possibly as a result of influencing FOXO3a phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The curcumin derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), with similar chemical antioxidant activity as curcumin, did not show any measurable effects. In contrast to the in vitro results, curcumin showed a trend for reduction of lipid levels in peritoneal macrophages in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high fat diet for 4 months, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms in vivo. Thus, the up-regulation of FOXO3a activity by curcumin could be a mechanism to protect against oxidant- and lipid-induced damage in the inflammatory cells of the vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 0111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan K, Deng X, Zhai X, Zhou M, Jia X, Luo L, Niu M, Zhu H, Qiang H, Zhou Y. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and liver X receptor-α mediate the leptin effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c expression in hepatic stellate cells. Mol Med 2012; 18:10-8. [PMID: 21979752 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a key hormone in regulating energy homeostasis, is mainly produced by adipocytes. Cogent evidence indicates a unique role of leptin in the promotion of liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a pivotal step in the process of liver fibrosis. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, a critical transcription factor for lipid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation, functions as a key transcription factor in inhibition of HSC activation. SREBP-1c is highly expressed in quiescent HSCs and downregulated upon HSC activation. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of leptin on SREBP-1c gene expression in HSCs in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results of the present study demonstrated that leptin strongly inhibited SREBP-1c expression in HSCs in vivo and in vitro. p38 MAPK was involved in leptin regulation of SREBP-1c expression in cultured HSCs. Leptin-induced activation of p38 MAPK led to the decreases in liver X receptor (LXR)-α protein level, activity and its binding to the SREBP-1c promoter, which caused the downregulation of SREBP-1c expression. Moreover, leptin inhibition of SREBP-1c expression via p38 MAPK increased the expression of alpha1(I) collagen in HSCs. Our results might provide new insights into the mechanisms of the unique role of leptin in the development of liver fibrosis and might have potential implications for clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis in diseases in which circulating leptin levels are elevated such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and alcoholic cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tao LL, Cheng YY, Ding D, Mei S, Xu JW, Yu J, Ou-Yang Q, Deng L, Chen Q, Li QQ, Xu ZD, Liu XP. C/EBP-α ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice through promoting apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells with little apoptotic effect on hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis 2012; 17:492-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
47
|
Shehzad A, Khan S, Sup Lee Y. Curcumin molecular targets in obesity and obesity-related cancers. Future Oncol 2012; 8:179-90. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as an increased BMI, which is associated with the increased risk of several common cancers, including colorectal, breast, endometrial, renal, esophageal, gallbladder, melanoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma and prostate cancer. The increased risk of obesity-related cancers could be mediated by insulin resistance, adipokines, obesity-related inflammatory cytokines, sex hormones, transcription factors and oxidative stress, which disrupt the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The yellowish compound, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), is known to possess multifaceted pharmacological effects. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to cancer risk, and how curcumin mediates anticancer and obesity activities, have not yet been publicized. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular targets and reverses insulin resistance as well as other symptoms that are associated with obesity-related cancers. In this study, we show that ample evidence exists to support recommendations that curcumin mediates multiple molecular pathways, and is considered to be of therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of obesity-related cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangeok-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702–701, Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151–015, Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangeok-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702–701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thoen LFR, Guimarães ELM, Dollé L, Mannaerts I, Najimi M, Sokal E, van Grunsven LA. A role for autophagy during hepatic stellate cell activation. J Hepatol 2011; 55:1353-60. [PMID: 21803012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy is a metabolic process that degrades and recycles intracellular organelles and proteins with many connections to human disease and physiology. We studied the role of autophagy during hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, a key event in liver fibrogenesis. METHODS Analysis of the autophagic flux during in vitro activation of primary mouse HSCs was performed using a DsRed-GFP-LC3B encoding plasmid. The effect of autophagy inhibition by bafilomycin A1 on the in vitro activation process of human and mouse HSCs was examined by measuring proliferation, presence of activation markers by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Analysis of lipid droplet and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta (LC3B) colocalization in the presence of PDGF-BB was investigated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS A significant increased autophagic flux was observed during culture induced mouse HSC activation. Treatment of mouse HSCs and human HSCs with autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 results in a significant decreased proliferation and expression of activation markers. In addition, lipid droplets and LC3B colocalization was increased after PDGF-BB treatment in quiescent HSCs. CONCLUSIONS During HSC activation, autophagic flux is increased. The demonstration of partly inhibition of in vitro HSC activation after treatment with an autophagy inhibitor unveils a potential new therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien F R Thoen
- Department of Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ cross-regulation of signaling events implicated in liver fibrogenesis. Cell Signal 2011; 24:596-605. [PMID: 22108088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor with transcriptional activity controlling multiple physical and pathological processes. Recently, PPARγ has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Its depleted expression has strong associations with the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells, the central event in liver fibrogenesis. Studies over the past decade demonstrate that PPARγ cross-regulates a number of signaling pathways mediated by growth factors and adipokines, and cellular events including apoptosis and senescence. These signaling and cellular events and their molecular interactions with PPARγ system are profoundly involved in liver fibrogenesis. We critically summarize these mechanistic insights into the PPARγ regulation in liver fibrogenesis based on the updated findings in this area. We conclude with a discussion of the impacts of these discoveries on the interpretation of liver fibrogenesis and their potential therapeutic implications. PPARγ activation could be a promising strategy for antifibrotic therapy.
Collapse
|
50
|
González-Castejón M, Rodriguez-Casado A. Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: A review. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:438-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|