1
|
Gentilin E, Borges De Souza P, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Gagliardi I, Zatelli MC. Protein kinase C delta mediates Pasireotide effects in an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor cell line. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2609-2616. [PMID: 37233978 PMCID: PMC10632222 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical control of corticotroph tumors is difficult to achieve since they usually persist or relapse after surgery. Pasireotide is approved to treat patients with Cushing's disease for whom surgical therapy is not an option. However, Pasireotide seems to be effective only in a sub-set of patients, highlighting the importance to find a response marker to this approach. Recent studies demonstrated that the delta isoform of protein kinase C (PRKCD) controls viability and cell cycle progression of an in vitro model of ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor, the AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells. This study aims at exploring the possible PRKCD role in mediating Pasireotide effects. METHODS It was assessed cell viability, POMC expression and ACTH secretion in AtT20/D16v-F2 cells over- or under-expressing PRKCD. RESULTS We found that Pasireotide significantly reduces AtT20/D16v-F2 cell viability, POMC expression and ACTH secretion. In addition, Pasireotide reduces miR-26a expression. PRKCD silencing decreases AtT20/D16v-F2 cell sensitivity to Pasireotide treatment; on the contrary, PRKCD overexpression increases the inhibitory effects of Pasireotide on cell viability and ACTH secretion. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insights into potential PRKCD contribution in Pasireotide mechanism of action and suggest that PRKCD might be a possible marker of therapeutic response in ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gentilin
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - P Borges De Souza
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M R Ambrosio
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Gagliardi
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M C Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahimian N, Sheida A, Rajabi M, Heidari MM, Tobeiha M, Esfahani PV, Ahmadi Asouri S, Hamblin MR, Mohamadzadeh O, Motamedzadeh A, Khaksary Mahabady M. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in pituitary adenoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154649. [PMID: 37453360 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is the third most common primary intracranial tumor in terms of overall disease incidence. Although they are benign tumors, they can have a variety of clinical symptoms, but are mostly asymptomatic, which often leads to diagnosis at an advanced stage when surgical intervention is ineffective. Earlier identification of PA could reduce morbidity and allow better clinical management of the affected patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not generally code for proteins, but can modulate biological processes at the post-transcriptional level through a variety of molecular mechanisms. An increased number of ncRNA expression profiles have been found in PAs. Therefore, understanding the expression patterns of different ncRNAs could be a promising method for developing non-invasive biomarkers. This review summarizes the expression patterns of dysregulated ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) involved in PA, which could one day serve as innovative biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of this neoplasia. We also discuss the potential molecular pathways by which the dysregulated ncRNAs could cause PA and affect its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rajabi
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Heidari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tobeiha
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Pegah Veradi Esfahani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu W, Cao L, Jia Y, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Gui S. Emerging Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and Their Cross-Talk in Pituitary Adenoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182920. [PMID: 36139495 PMCID: PMC9496700 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor without specific biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), regulate a variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increasing studies have shown that the dysregulation of ncRNAs, especially the cross-talk between lncRNA/circRNA and miRNA, is related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of PA. Therefore, ncRNAs can be considered as promising biomarkers for PA. In this review, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs from different specimens (i.e., tissues, biofluids, cells, and exosomes) in multiple subtypes of PA and highlight important advances in understanding the contribution of the cross-talk between ncRNAs (e.g., competing endogenous RNAs) to PA disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Youchao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Forth West Ring, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
MicroRNA-26a confers a potential biomarker for screening of deep vein thrombosis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Niedra H, Peculis R, Konrade I, Balcere I, Romanovs M, Steina L, Stukens J, Sokolovska J, Klovins J, Rovite V. Case Report: Micro-RNAs in Plasma From Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling and Peripheral Blood From Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:748152. [PMID: 35528014 PMCID: PMC9072666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.748152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulating miRNAs are found in bodily fluids including plasma and can serve as biomarkers for diseases. The aim of this study was to provide the first insight into the landscape of circulating miRNAs in close proximity to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting PitNET. To achieve this objective next-generation sequencing of miRNAs in plasma from bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) - a gold standard in diagnosing ACTH-secreting PitNETs was carried out and selected miRNA candidates were further tested by RT-qPCR in independent patient cohorts. Methods Sinistral (left) and dextral (right) BIPSS blood samples of the patient were collected in three time points: before the administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone, 5 and 15 minutes after stimulation. In differential expression analysis, sinistral plasma was compared with dextral. The selected miRNA candidates were tested in plasma by RT-qPCR in two patient groups: 1) in five ACTH secreting PitNET patients with plasma samples taken before and 24 hours after surgery, 2) in 12 ACTH secreting PitNET patients vs. 9 non-functioning PitNET patients. Results BIPSS concluded that the highest amount of ACTH was released in the sinistral side at the 5th minute mark indicating a presence of a tumor. The highest amount of differentially expressed miRNAs was observed 5 minutes after stimulation (20 upregulated, 14 downregulated). At the 5th minute mark in sinistral plasma, two miRNAs were identified: hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-375-3p that were highly upregulated compared to other BIPSS samples and peripheral plasma samples. Further testing by qPCR revealed significant reduction of miR-7-5p in plasma 24 hours after surgery and upregulation in plasma of ACTH secreting PitNET patients compared to non-functioning PitNET patients (P =0.0013). Conclusions By stimulating the ACTH secreting PitNET with CRH a rapid increase of two miRNAs (hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-375-3p) and ACTH can be observed in sinistral inferior petrosal (tumor side). A decrease of miR-7-5p in plasma after surgery and upregulation in plasma of ACTH secreting PitNET patients was discovered implying that further studies of this miRNA as diagnostic marker is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helvijs Niedra
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Department of Endocrinology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Balcere
- Department of Endocrinology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mihails Romanovs
- Department of Endocrinology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liva Steina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Stukens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Klovins
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vita Rovite
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiong J, Zhang H, Zeng B, Liu J, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Xi Q, Zhang Y. An Exploration of Non-Coding RNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Delivered by Swine Anterior Pituitary. Front Genet 2021; 12:772753. [PMID: 34912377 PMCID: PMC8667663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.772753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-delimited particles carrying proteins, lipids, and small RNAs. Previous studies have demonstrated that they had regulatory functions both physiologically and pathologically. However, information remains inadequate on extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary, a key endocrine organ in animals and humans. In this study, we separated and identified extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary of the Duroc swine model. Total RNA was extracted and RNA-seq was performed, followed by a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Resultantly, we obtained 416 miRNAs, 16,232 lncRNAs, and 495 circRNAs. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the ncRNAs in extracellular vesicles may participate in regulating intracellular signal transduction, cellular component organization or biogenesis, small molecule binding, and transferase activity. The cross-talk between them also suggested that they may play an important role in the signaling process and biological regulation. This is the first report of ncRNA data in the anterior pituitary extracellular vesicles from the duroc swine breed, which is a fundamental resource for exploring detailed functions of extracellular vesicles from the anterior pituitary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Essential Role of the 14q32 Encoded miRNAs in Endocrine Tumors. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050698. [PMID: 34066712 PMCID: PMC8151414 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 14q32 cluster is among the largest polycistronic miRNA clusters. miRNAs encoded here have been implicated in tumorigenesis of multiple organs including endocrine glands. METHODS Critical review of miRNA studies performed in endocrine tumors have been performed. The potential relevance of 14q32 miRNAs through investigating their targets, and integrating the knowledge provided by literature data and bioinformatics predictions have been indicated. RESULTS Pituitary adenoma, papillary thyroid cancer and a particular subset of pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical cancer are characterized by the downregulation of miRNAs encoded by the 14q32 cluster. Pancreas neuroendocrine tumors, most of the adrenocortical cancer and medullary thyroid cancer are particularly distinct, as 14q32 miRNAs were overexpressed. In pheochromocytoma and growth-hormone producing pituitary adenoma, however, both increased and decreased expression of 14q32 miRNAs cluster members were observed. In the background of this phenomenon methodological, technical and biological factors are hypothesized and discussed. The functions of 14q32 miRNAs were also revealed by bioinformatics and literature data mining. CONCLUSIONS 14q32 miRNAs have a significant role in the tumorigenesis of endocrine organs. Regarding their stable expression in the circulation of healthy individuals, further investigation of 14q32 miRNAs could provide a potential for use as biomarkers (diagnostic or prognostic) in endocrine neoplasms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li S. Characterization of small RNAs in early zebrafish PGCs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:514-516. [PMID: 33506864 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Lam-Chung CE, Cuevas-Ramos D. Recent Understanding and Future Directions of Recurrent Corticotroph Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657382. [PMID: 33986726 PMCID: PMC8111286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotroph tumors (CTs) are pituitary neoplasms arising from the Tpit lineage, which may or not express adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Functioning CTs cause Cushing's disease (CD), which has high morbidity and mortality due to hypercortisolemia. "Non-functioning" or silent CTs (SCT) and the Crooke's cell subtypes do not cause CD and may be asymptomatic until manifested by compressive symptoms and are more frequently found as macroadenoma. Both tend toward more aggressive behavior, recurrence, and a higher rate of malignant transformation to pituitary carcinoma. Tumorigenesis involves genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional disruption of cell-cycle regulators, which increase cell proliferation, POMC overexpression, ACTH transcription, and/or hypersecretion. Furthermore, functioning CTs develop resistance to glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback on ACTH secretion, through increased expression of testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), and loss-of-function mutation of CDK5 and ABL enzyme substrate 1 (CABLES1) gene. Overt autonomous hypercortisolemia is difficult to control, and multiple diagnostic studies and therapeutic modalities are commonly required. Cell-cycle regulation depends mainly on p27, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb)/E2F1 transcription factor complex. Gain-of-function mutations of ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 8, USP48, and BRAF genes may subsequently cause overexpression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and enhance POMC transcription, cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Epigenetic changes through micro RNAs and decreased DNA deacetylation by histone deacetylase type 2 (HDAC2), may also affect tumor growth. All the former mechanisms may become interesting therapeutic targets for CTs, aside from temozolomide, currently used for aggressive tumors. Potential therapeutic agents are EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and lapatinib, the purine analog R-roscovitine by dissociation of CDK2/Cyclin E complex, the HSP90 inhibitor silibinin (novobiocin), to reduce resistance to glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib in BRAF V600E positive tumors. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to CTs tumorigenesis, their diagnostic approach, and provides an update of the potential novel therapies, from the lab bench to the clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Hinojosa-Amaya
- Pituitary Clinic, Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José E. González” UANL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - César Ernesto Lam-Chung
- Neuroendocrinology Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Neuroendocrinology Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Daniel Cuevas-Ramos,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coding the noncoding: 2 years of advances in the field of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:355-358. [PMID: 32980865 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Niu F, Kazimierska M, Nolte IM, Terpstra MM, de Jong D, Koerts J, van der Sluis T, Rutgers B, O’Connell RM, Kok K, van den Berg A, Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk A, Kluiver J. The miR-26b-5p/KPNA2 Axis Is an Important Regulator of Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1464. [PMID: 32512858 PMCID: PMC7352454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) is known to be changed in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), compared to its normal counterparts. Although for some miRNAs, a role in BL was demonstrated, for most of them, their function is unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify miRNAs that control BL cell growth. Two BL cell lines were infected with lentiviral pools containing either 58 miRNA inhibitors or 44 miRNA overexpression constructs. Eighteen constructs showed significant changes in abundance over time, indicating that they affected BL growth. The screening results were validated by individual green fluorescent protein (GFP) growth competition assays for fifteen of the eighteen constructs. For functional follow-up studies, we focused on miR-26b-5p, whose overexpression inhibited BL cell growth. Argonaute 2 RNA immunoprecipitation (Ago2-IP) in two BL cell lines revealed 47 potential target genes of miR-26b-5p. Overlapping the list of putative targets with genes showing a growth repression phenotype in a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, revealed eight genes. The top-5 candidates included EZH2, COPS2, KPNA2, MRPL15, and NOL12. EZH2 is a known target of miR-26b-5p, with oncogenic properties in BL. The relevance of the latter four targets was confirmed using sgRNAs targeting these genes in individual GFP growth competition assays. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed binding of miR-26b-5p to the predicted target site for KPNA2, but not to the other genes. In summary, we identified 18 miRNAs that affected BL cell growth in a loss- or gain-of-function screening. A tumor suppressor role was confirmed for miR-26b-5p, and this effect could at least in part be attributed to KPNA2, a known regulator of OCT4, c-jun, and MYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Niu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Marta Kazimierska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Miente Martijn Terpstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.M.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Debora de Jong
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Jasper Koerts
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Tineke van der Sluis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Bea Rutgers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Ryan M. O’Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.;
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.M.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | | | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.N.); (D.d.J.); (J.K.); (T.v.d.S.); (B.R.); (A.v.d.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang C, Wang P, Huang C, Peng H. MiR-219a-2-3p suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting MDM2/p53 in pituitary adenomas cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:911-918. [PMID: 31959058 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1715780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas constitute one of the most common intracranial tumors. MicroRNAs play an important role in development and progression of pituitary adenomas. In this study, we showed that miR-219a-2-3p was significantly down-regulated in pituitary adenomas cells. Overexpression of miR-219a-2-3p suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pituitary adenomas cells. After bioinformatics analysis, we found that MDM2 was one of the downstream targets of miR-219a-2-3p. Further researches showed that miR-219a-2-3p could reduce the protein level of MDM2 by binding to the 3'-UTR of MDM2 and promoted p53 expression. Then, we overexpressed both miR-219a-2-3p and MDM2 in the same group and found that it could counteract the effect of overexpressing miR-219a-2-3p alone on proliferation and apoptosis of pituitary adenoma cells. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-219a-2-3p regulated the proliferation and apoptosis by targeting MDM2/p53 in pituitary adenomas. Therefore, miR-219a-2-3p may serve as a novel marker and therapeutic target for pituitary adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaonong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Chaocai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Chuixue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang M, Yang C, Bao X, Wang R. Genetic and Epigenetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:596554. [PMID: 33574795 PMCID: PMC7870789 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.596554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can be classified as non-secreting adenomas, somatotroph adenomas, corticotroph adenomas, lactotroph adenomas, and thyrotroph adenomas. Substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathobiology of PAs. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular biological characteristics of different types of PAs, we reviewed the important advances that have been made involving genetic and epigenetic variation, comprising genetic mutations, chromosome number variations, DNA methylation, microRNA regulation, and transcription factor regulation. Classical tumor predisposition syndromes include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4) syndromes, Carney complex, and X-LAG syndromes. PAs have also been described in association with succinate dehydrogenase-related familial PA, neurofibromatosis type 1, and von Hippel-Lindau, DICER1, and Lynch syndromes. Patients with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations often present with pituitary gigantism, either in familial or sporadic adenomas. In contrast, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha (GNAS) and G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) mutations can lead to excess growth hormone. Moreover, the deubiquitinase gene USP8, USP48, and BRAF mutations are associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone production. In this review, we describe the genetic and epigenetic landscape of PAs and summarize novel insights into the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinjie Bao
- *Correspondence: Xinjie Bao, ; Renzhi Wang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Tan Y, Wang H, Xu M, Xu L. Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating β-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7652-7659. [PMID: 31604907 PMCID: PMC6802464 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a kind of benign tumor, pituitary adenomas have attracted increasing attention from researchers. The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a molecule in the lncRNA family protein that has been proven to play critical roles in many cancers; however, no study has explored the special biological roles of PVT1 in pituitary adenoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The qRT-PCR assay was conducted to evaluate PVT1 expressions in various cell lines and tissues. Loss of function assays were carried out to detect the influence of silenced PVT1 on the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pituitary adenoma cells. Western blotting was used to identify correlation between ß-catenin and PVT1. RESULTS The PVT1 expressions were significantly enhanced in tissues of pituitary adenoma and cancer cells. Cell migration and proliferation were inhibited when the PVT1 gene was knocked down. Knockdown of PVT1 repressed the migration and EMT of pituitary adenoma cells. The PVT1 downregulation obviously blocked Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway activity. PVT1 aggravated progression of pituitary adenoma through initiating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS PVT1 exerts an oncogenic role through activating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in pituitary adenoma cells. The present results may provide a potential therapeutic target or approach for treating pituitary adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genetics of Pituitary Tumours. EXPERIENTIA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2019. [PMID: 31588533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25905-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary tumours are relatively common in the general population. Most often they occur sporadically, with somatic mutations accounting for a significant minority of somatotroph and corticotroph adenomas. Pituitary tumours can also develop secondary to germline mutations as part of a complex syndrome or as familial isolated pituitary adenomas. Tumours occurring in a familial setting may present at a younger age and can behave more aggressively with resistance to treatment. This chapter will focus on the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of pituitary tumours.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren J, Gu C, Yang Y, Xue J, Sun Y, Jian F, Chen D, Bian L, Sun Q. TSP-1 is downregulated and inversely correlates with miR-449c expression in Cushing's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4097-4110. [PMID: 31016850 PMCID: PMC6533510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Cushing's disease, which is caused by pituitary corticotroph adenoma, remains to be studied. Secreted angioinhibitory factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and is associated with platelet aggregation, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. We have found that the expression of TSP-1 is significantly lower in human pituitary corticotroph tumours compared with normal adenohypophysis. This study aims to elucidate the role of TSP-1 in regulating the tumour function of pituitary adenomas. Forced overexpression of TSP-1 in a murine AtT20 pituitary corticotroph tumour cell line decreased corticotroph precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Functional studies showed that TSP-1 overexpression in pituitary adenoma cells suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion. We have demonstrated that TSP-1 is a direct target of miR-449c. Further study showed that miR-449c activity enhanced tumorigenesis by directly inhibiting TSP-1 expression. Low expression of lncTHBS1, along with low expression of TSP-1, was associated with the high expression of miR-449c in Cushing's disease patients. Furthermore, RNA-immunoprecipitation associates miR-449c with lncTHBS1 suggesting that lncTHBS1 might be a negative regulator of miR-449c. Taken together, this study has demonstrated that lncTHBS1 might function as competing endogenous RNA for miR-449c, which could suppress the development of Cushing's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Changwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan BranchShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryGuangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Dongjiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan BranchShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
miR-26a Potentially Contributes to the Regulation of Fatty Acid and Sterol Metabolism In Vitro Human HepG2 Cell Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8515343. [PMID: 30402207 PMCID: PMC6196797 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8515343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic-related disorder ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed at assessing the regulatory and protective role of miR-26a on lipid metabolism and progression of NAFLD in human HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFA). Lentivirus expressing miR-26a or negative control miR was used to transduce HepG2 cells and to establish stable cell lines. Gain or loss of function using an miR-26a inhibitor was used to compare triglyceride content (TG), total cholesterol level (CL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the level of apoptosis. In addition, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the mRNA levels of lipogenesis, TG synthesis, storage genes, inflammatory and fibrogenic markers, and autophagic besides endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers after gaining or losing the function of miR-26a. miR-26a levels decreased in response to FFA in human HepG2 cells. After the establishment of a stable cell line, the upregulation of miR-26a resulted in the downregulation of TG, CL, and MDA levels, through regulating mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, ER stress marker, inflammatory and fibrogenic markers. Nevertheless, there was a marked increment in the mRNA expression of autophagic marker genes. Moreover, miR-26a overexpression protects the cells from apoptosis, whereas inhibition of miR-26a, using an anti-miR-26a oligonucleotide, decreased the expression of miR-26a which potentially contributes to altered lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells loaded with FFA. In conclusion, these findings suggested that miR-26a has a crucial role in regulating fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis in HepG2 cells, along with the offered protection against the progression of NAFLD in vitro. Hence, miRNAs could receive growing attention as useful noninvasive diagnostic markers to follow the progression of NAFLD and to identify novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
18
|
Renner U, Ciato D, Stalla GK. Recent advances in understanding corticotroph pituitary tumor initiation and progression. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30228864 PMCID: PMC6117851 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14789.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushing’s disease is the most frequent form of hypercortisolism and is caused by hypophyseal corticotroph adenomas secreting excessive amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Most of the tumors develop sporadically and only a limited number of corticotroph adenomas have been found to be associated with different neuroendocrine syndromes or with familial isolated pituitary adenomas. The pathogenic mechanisms of corticotroph adenomas are largely unknown, but the discovered aberrant chaperoning activity of heat shock protein 90 on the one hand and the presence of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 mutations on the other hand partially explained the causes of their development. Corticotroph tumors arise initially as benign microadenomas but with time form invasively growing aggressive macroadenomas which can switch to corticotroph carcinomas in extremely rare cases. The mechanisms through which corticotroph tumors escape from glucocorticoid negative feedback are still poorly understood, as are the processes that trigger the progression of benign corticotroph adenomas toward aggressive and malignant phenotypes. This review summarizes recent findings regarding initiation and progression of corticotroph pituitary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Renner
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Ciato
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Albani A, Perez-Rivas LG, Reincke M, Theodoropoulou M. PATHOGENESIS OF CUSHING DISEASE: AN UPDATE ON THE GENETICS OF CORTICOTROPINOMAS. Endocr Pract 2018; 24:907-914. [PMID: 30084690 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cushing disease is a rare severe condition caused by pituitary tumors that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leading to excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production. Tumors causing Cushing disease, also called corticotropinomas, are typically monoclonal neoplasms that mainly occur sporadically. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS Cushing disease is very rarely encountered in genetic familial syndromes. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes commonly associated with other tumor types are only rarely mutated in this tumor type. The advent of next-generation sequencing led to the identification of a single mutational hotspot in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 ( USP8) gene in almost half of Cushing disease tumors. CONCLUSION The new discoveries showcase a novel mechanism responsible for corticotroph tumorigenesis and ACTH hypersecretion and highlight USP8 and its downstream signaling pathways as potential promising pharmacologic targets for the management of Cushing disease. ABBREVIATIONS ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; BRG1 = Brahma-related gene 1; CABLES1 = CDK5 and ABL1 enzyme substrate 1; CD = Cushing disease; CNC = Carney complex; DICER1 = cytoplasmic endoribonuclease III; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; GR = glucocorticoid receptor; IL = interleukin; MEN = multiple endocrine neoplasia; miRNA = microRNA; POMC = proopiomelanocortin; SSTR = somatostatin receptor; USP8 = ubiquitin-specific protease 8.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cushing's disease is a rare systemic and disabling disease due to oversecretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) resulting in excess cortisol levels. Diagnosis and treatment are difficult; despite the availability of various pharmaceutical treatment options, there is an ongoing, unmet need for even more effective treatment. AREAS COVERED The present review aims at providing an overview of available drugs and presenting new developments. Focusing on the pituitary as a target, the review covers compounds targeting pituitary cell signaling or cell cycle control such as heat shock protein inhibitors (e.g. silibinin), histone deacetylase inhibitors (trichostatin A, vorinostat), kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, seliciclib), and others (such as triptolide, AT-101). Levoketoconazole and osilodrostat are in clinical testing and inhibit steroidogenesis. Blockade of ACTH receptor binding at the adrenal level is explained as a theoretical drug target. Inhibition of binding of the glucocorticoid receptor in the peripheral tissue plays a minor role due to its lack of biomonitoring options. EXPERT OPINION In our opinion, further research and drug development of pituitary-directed targets are necessary. Combination therapies may exert synergistic effects and allow for smaller and better tolerated doses, but more experience and data are needed to guide such treatment schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvère Störmann
- a Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , Klinikum der Universität München , München , Germany
| | - Jochen Schopohl
- a Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , Klinikum der Universität München , München , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gareev IF, Beylerli OA. A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MICRORNA IN PITUITARY ADENOMA. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2018-5-2-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a new class of small non-coding RNAs, a length of 18–22 nucleotides that play a decisive role as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Due to the large number of genes, regulated microRNAs, microRNAs are involved in many cellular processes. The study of the impairment of the expression of the target genes of microRNA, often associated with changes in important biological characteristics, provides a significant understanding of the role of microRNAs in oncogenesis. New evidence suggests that aberrant microRNA expression or dysregulation of endogenous microRNAs affects the onset and development of tumors, including adenomas of the pituitary gland. In this review, the significance of some microRNAs in the pathology of the pituitary adenoma will be assessed, as well as data on the study of microRNAs as therapeutic targets and new biomarkers.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ezzat S, Cheng S, Asa SL. Epigenetics of pituitary tumors: Pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:70-76. [PMID: 28711607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations involving oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are relatively uncommon in human sporadic pituitary tumors. Instead, increasing evidence has highlighted frequent epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and enhanced miRNA expression. This review covers some of this evidence as it illuminates mechanisms of tumorigenesis and highlights therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Ezzat
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and The Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sonia Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and The Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, The Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and The Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han DX, Xiao Y, Wang CJ, Jiang H, Gao Y, Yuan B, Zhang JB. Regulation of FSH expression by differentially expressed miR-186-5p in rat anterior adenohypophyseal cells. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534107 PMCID: PMC5849326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has key roles in animal reproduction, including spermatogenesis and ovarian maturation. Many factors influence FSH secretion. However, despite the broad functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) via the regulation of target genes, little is known about their roles in FSH secretion. Our previous results suggested that miR-186-5p targets the 3′ UTR of FSHb; therefore, we examined whether miR-186-5p could regulate FSH secretion in rat anterior adenohypophyseal cells. miR-186-5p was transfected into rat anterior pituitary cells. The expression of FSHb and the secretion of FSH were examined by RT-qPCR and ELISA. A miR-186-5p mimic decreased the expression of FSHb compared with expression in the control group and decreased FSH secretion. In contrast, both the mRNA levels and secretion of FSH increased in response to miR-186-5p inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that miR-186-5p regulates FSH secretion by directly targeting the FSHb 3′ UTR, providing additional functional evidence for the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of animal reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu Han
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JBZ); (BY)
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JBZ); (BY)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Albani A, Theodoropoulou M, Reincke M. Genetics of Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:3-12. [PMID: 28850717 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disabling condition caused by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenomas of the pituitary. The majority of corticotropic adenomas are monoclonal and occur sporadically. Only rarely does CD arise in the context of genetic familial syndromes. Targeted sequencing of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes commonly mutated in other tumours did not identify recurrent mutations. In contrast, next generation sequencing allowed us recently to clarify the genetic basis of CD: we identified somatic driver mutations in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) gene in a significant portion of corticotropinomas. These mutations represent a novel and unique mechanism leading to ACTH excess. Inhibition of USP8 or its downstream signalling pathways could represent a new therapeutic approach for the management of CD. In this review, we will focus on this new evidence and its implication for clinical care of affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Adulthood and Childhood Human Pathology G. Barresi and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Garbicz F, Mehlich D, Rak B, Sajjad E, Maksymowicz M, Paskal W, Zieliński G, Włodarski PK. Increased expression of the microRNA 106b~25 cluster and its host gene MCM7 in corticotroph pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor invasion and Crooke's cell morphology. Pituitary 2017; 20:450-463. [PMID: 28432562 PMCID: PMC5508039 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component 7), a DNA replication licensing factor, is a host gene for the oncogenic miR-106b~25 cluster. It has been recently revealed as a relevant prognostic biomarker in a variety of cancers, including pituitary adenomas. The purpose of this study was to assess whether miR-106b~25 and MCM7 levels correlate with tumor invasiveness in a cohort of ACTH-immunopositive adenomas. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained intraoperatively from 25 patients with pituitary adenoma. Tumor invasiveness was assessed according to the Knosp grading scale. MCM7, Ki-67 and TP53 levels were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, while the expression of miR-106b-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-93-3p and miR-25-3p were measured using quantitative real-time PCR performed on RNA isolated from FFPE tissues. RESULTS We have found a significant increase in MCM7 and Ki-67 labeling indices in invasive ACTHomas. Moreover, MCM7 was ubiquitously overexpressed in Crooke's cell adenomas. The expression of miR-93-5p was significantly elevated in invasive compared to noninvasive tumors. In addition, all four microRNAs from the miR-106b~25 cluster displayed marked upregulation in Crooke's cell adenomas. Remarkably, MCM7 and miR-106b-5p both strongly correlated with Knosp grade. A combination of MCM7 LI and miR-106b~25 cluster expression was able to accurately differentiate invasive from noninvasive tumors and had a significant discriminatory ability to predict postoperative tumor recurrence/progression. CONCLUSIONS miR-106b~25 and its host gene MCM7 are potential novel biomarkers for invasive ACTH-immunopositive pituitary adenomas. Additionally, they are both significantly upregulated in rare Crooke's cell adenomas and might therefore contribute to their aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Garbicz
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Public Central Teaching Hospital Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emir Sajjad
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maksymowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, M. Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
MicroRNA-26a inhibits the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma and directly targets on MITF gene. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17028. [PMID: 28698805 PMCID: PMC5502303 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is refractory to therapy. MicroRNAs have been recently discovered as novel molecules that provide therapeutic benefits against melanoma. This work aims to examine the effects of miR-26a and let-7a on the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we elucidate the mechanism of action by identifying the target gene of miR-26a. Both miR-26a and let-7a inhibited proliferation and invasiveness and halted the cell cycle at the G1/G0 phase in SKMEL-28 and WM1552C malignant melanoma cell lines. Moreover, miR-26a potently induced apoptosis and downregulated the expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and MAP4K3 in both cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-26a suppresses MITF expression by binding the 3′-UTR, suggesting that MITF is a bona fide target of miR-26a. SiRNA knockdown of the MITF gene confirmed that miR-26a reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis by regulating MITF. Using a murine model, we also found miR-26a significantly retarded the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo. In conclusion, miR-26a and let-7a suppressed the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, suggesting that miR-26a and let-7a may represent novel therapies for malignant melanoma.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Y, Yin X, Zhao L, Li S, Duan J, Kuang R, Duan J. MicroRNA-200b inhibits pituitary tumor cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1706-1714. [PMID: 28810639 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-200b and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in pituitary tumors and to determine whether miR-200b may inhibit proliferation and invasion of pituitary tumor cells. The regulation of PKCα expression was targeted in order to find novel targets for the treatment of pituitary tumors. In total, 53 pituitary tumor tissue samples were collected; these included 28 cases of invasive pituitary tumors and 25 cases of non-invasive tumors, in addition to 5 normal pituitaries. The expression level of miR-200b in the pituitary tumor tissue was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the expression of PKCα protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. A PKCα 3'untranslated region (UTR) luciferase vector was constructed and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was employed in order to examine the effect of miR-200b on the PKCα 3'UTR luciferase activity. AtT-20 cells were transfected with miR-200b mimics, PKCα siRNA and miR-200b mimics + PKCα, and the changes in cellular proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were observed via MTT, Transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, PKCα mRNA expression was determined by qPCR, and Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PKCα protein. miR-200b revealed downregulation in invasive pituitary tumor tissue, and the expression level was significantly down-regulated compared with normal and non-invasive pituitary tumor tissue (P<0.01). In addition, the positive rate of PKCα protein expression in invasive pituitary tumor tissues was significantly higher than in normal and non-invasive tissues (P<0.01). PKCα protein levels are inversely correlated with miR-200b levels in invasive pituitary tumor tissues (r=-0.436, P=0.021). The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-200b could specifically bind to the 3'UTR of PKCα and significantly inhibit the luciferase activity by 39% (P<0.01). Upregulation of miR-200b or downregulation of PKCα could suppress cell proliferation and invasion, and increase apoptosis of AtT-20 cells. It was revealed that PKCα siRNA could suppress both proliferation and invasion of AtT-20 cells and partially simulate the function of miR-200b. Expression of PKCα mRNA and protein decreased significantly in AtT-20 cells overexpressing miR-200b. Additionally, miR-200b was significantly down-regulated in invasive pituitary tumor tissue and inversely correlated with PKCα protein levels. In conclusion, miR-200b inhibited proliferation and invasiveness and promoted the apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells by targeting PKCα. The observations of the present study indicate that miR-200b and PKCα may serve as promising therapeutic targets for invasive pituitary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Renzhao Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang T, Yang Z, Gao H. Advancements in the study of miRNA regulation during the cell cycle in human pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol 2017; 134:253-258. [PMID: 28577032 PMCID: PMC5570781 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs), single-clone adenomas arising from pituitary gland cells, comprise one of the most frequent tumors found in the sella region. The prevalence of PAs is approximately 15%, third only after gliomas and meningioma among intracranial tumors. Autopsy and radiological analysis found that the incidence of PAs is approximately 22.5%. Most PAs are benign, although a few are malignant. Just 0.1% of patients with PAs develop pituitary carcinoma. However, owing to mass effects and unregulated secretion of pituitary hormones, PAs also lead to serious morbidity. The low rate of diagnosis at onset and the lack of effective treatments for patients with recurrent disease increase the morbidity rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to ascertain the pathological mechanism of PAs for improved diagnosis and development of specific therapies. At present, the pathogenesis of PAs is poorly understood; however, disruption of the cell cycle is known to play an important role. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a role in regulating genes involved in carcinogenesis or tumor suppression. Previous studies have demonstrated a strong connection between dysregulation of microRNAs and dysregulation of the cell cycle in PAs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of microRNA dysregulation resulting in disruption of the cell cycle in PAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Shoushanlu No. 163, Jiangyin, Wuxi, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Qixiu Road No. 19, Nantong, China
- Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Qianjinxilu No. 91, Kunshan, Suzhou, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Neurosurgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Shoushanlu No. 163, Jiangyin, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gentilin E, Minoia M, Bondanelli M, Tagliati F, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Growth Hormone differentially modulates chemoresistance in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Endocrine 2017; 56:621-632. [PMID: 27585662 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth Hormone may influence neoplastic development of endometrial epithelium towards endometrial adenocarcinoma, which is one of the most occurring tumors in acromegalic patients. Since chemoresistance often develops in advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma, we investigated whether Growth Hormone might influence the development of chemoresistance to drugs routinely employed in endometrial adenocarcinoma treatment, such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel. Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone receptor expression was assessed by immunofluorescence in two endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines, AN3 CA and HEC-1-A cells. Growth Hormone effects were assessed investigating cell viability, caspase3/7 activation, ERK1/2, and protein kinase C delta protein expression. AN3 CA and HEC-1-A cells display Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone receptor. Growth Hormone does not influence cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly reduces caspase 3/7 activation in AN3 CA cells, an effect blocked by a Growth Hormone receptor antagonist. Growth Hormone rescues AN3 CA cells from the inhibitory effects of Doxorubicin and Cisplatin on cell viability, while it has no effect on Paclitaxel. Growth Hormone does not influence the pro-apoptotic effects of Doxorubicin, but is capable of rescuing AN3 CA cells from the pro-apoptotic effects of Cisplatin. On the other hand, Growth Hormone did not influence the effects of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel on HEC-1A cell viability. The protective action of Growth Hormone towards the effects of Doxorubicin may be mediated by ERK1/2 activation, while the pro-apoptotic effects of Cisplatin may be mediated by protein kinase C delta inhibition. All together our results indicate that Growth Hormone may differentially contribute to endometrial adenocarcinoma chemoresistance. This may provide new insights on novel therapies against endometrial adenocarcinoma chemoresistant aggressive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore C Degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu C, Li J, Sun F, Cui J, Fang H, Sui G. Expression and Clinical Significance of miR-26a and Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) in Invasive Pituitary Adenoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5101-5108. [PMID: 28012286 PMCID: PMC5207015 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although pituitary adenoma is a malignant tumor, it can present as invasive growth in some cases. MicroRNA (miR)-26a has been found to be abnormally highly expressed in pituitary adenoma, indicating possible involvement in pathogenesis. As a known target gene of miR-26a, PLAG1 has abnormally low expression in pituitary adenoma. The correlation between miR-26a or PLAG1 expressional abnormality and occurrence of pituitary adenoma is still unknown, as is its association with invasiveness of pituitary adenoma. Material/Methods Pituitary adenoma tissues, including both invasive and non-invasive subtypes, were collected from our Neurosurgery Department, in parallel with normal pituitary tissues from postmortem autopsy. qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of miR-26a and PLAG1, while Western blotting was used to test PLAG1 protein expression. The correlation between miR-26a and PLAG1, and with pathological features, were analyzed. ROC analysis revealed the utility of miR-26a and PLAG1 in differential diagnosis of invasive/non-invasive pituitary tumors and in analyzing their effects on patient prognosis. Results MiR-26a was remarkably upregulated in pituitary tumors, while PLAG1 was downregulated, especially in invasive pituitary tumors. miR-26a and PLAG1 had higher diagnostic values for differentiating between invasive and non-invasive pituitary tumors (AUC=0.889 and 0.818, respectively). Those patients with miR-26 overexpression and PLAG1 downregulation had unfavorable prognosis. miR-26 and PLAG1 are independent factors affecting patient diagnosis. Conclusions MiR-26a can facilitate occurrence of pituitary tumor and invasiveness, probably via inhibiting PLAG1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChuanTing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - JiXia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - FengNan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - JinPeng Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - HuaLi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - GuoLang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs generated from endogenous hairpin-shaped transcripts that powerfully regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Each miRNA is capable to regulate the expression levels of hundreds of transcripts and each mRNA may have more than one miRNA recognition sequence. There is emerging evidence that deregulation of miRNA expression leads to the alteration of pivotal physiological functions contributing to the development of diseases and neoplasms, including pituitary adenoma. This review is aimed at providing the up-to-date knowledge concerning deregulated miRNAs of pituitary tumors and their functions. In order to take stock, pituitary tumors have been sub-divided in different classes on the basis of tumor features (histotype, dimension, aggressiveness). The overview takes full consideration of the recent advances in miRNAs role as potential therapeutics and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore Degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen J, Zhang K, Xu Y, Gao Y, Li C, Wang R, Chen L. The role of microRNA-26a in human cancer progression and clinical application. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7095-108. [PMID: 27039398 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a class of endogenous, small (18-25 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression by directly binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs. Evidence has shown that alteration of microRNAs is involved in cancer initial and progression. MicroRNA-26a is commonly dysregulated in diverse cancers and is involved in various biological processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism by targeting multiple mRNAs. This review summarizes current research on the physiology and pathological functions of miR-26a and its applications for clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gentilin E, Di Pasquale C, Gagliano T, Tagliati F, Benfini K, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Protein Kinase C Delta restrains growth in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:252-8. [PMID: 26522132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C Delta (PRKCD) has been highlighted among disrupted pathways in corticotroph adenomas. PRKCD is expressed at low level in human corticotroph adenomas and controls cell cycle in vitro. Therefore, PRKCD may play an important role in the development/progression of corticotroph adenomas, warranting further studies to understand the role of PRKCD and related pathways in restraining pituitary cell growth. We evaluated PRKCD role in influencing cell behavior in terms of cell viability, hormone expression and protein expression profile, by silencing PRKCD in AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells. PRKCD silencing increases cell viability, enhances hormone expression and induces morphological changes associated with deregulation of adhesion molecules. PRKCD silencing is associated with an increase in Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression, a marker of tumor aggressive behavior, and sensitivity to anti-EGFR molecules. PRKCD might restrain corticotroph adenoma cells from acquiring an aggressive behavior, candidating PRKCD as a possible molecular target for the treatment of corticotroph adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmelina Di Pasquale
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Benfini
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore C degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Butz H, Kinga N, Racz K, Patocs A. Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for endocrine disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1-10. [PMID: 26015318 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specific, sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers are always needed in endocrine disorders. miRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules with well-known role in gene expression regulation. They are frequently dysregulated in metabolic and endocrine diseases. Recently it has been shown that they are secreted into biofluids by nearly all kind of cell types. As they can be taken up by other cells they may have a role in a new kind of paracrine, cell-to-cell communication. Circulating miRNAs are protected by RNA-binding proteins or microvesicles hence they can be attractive candidates as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of extracellular miRNA's and our knowledge about their origin and potential roles in endocrine and metabolic diseases. Discussions about the technical challenges occurring during identification and measurement of extracellular miRNAs and future perspectives about their roles are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Butz
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Molecular Medicine Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Kinga
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Str., Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - K Racz
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Molecular Medicine Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Str., Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - A Patocs
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Molecular Medicine Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Str., Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University "Lendület" Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molè D, Gentilin E, Ibañez-Costa A, Gagliano T, Gahete MD, Tagliati F, Rossi R, Pelizzo MR, Pansini G, Luque RM, Castaño JP, degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. The expression of the truncated isoform of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 associates with aggressiveness in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:442-52. [PMID: 25854304 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The truncated somatostatin receptor variant sst5TMD4 associates with increased invasiveness and aggressiveness in breast cancer. We previously found that sst5 activation may counteract sst2 selective agonist effects in a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cell line, the TT cells, and that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in poorly differentiated thyroid cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sst5TMD4 expression in a series of human MTC and to explore the functional role of sst5TMD4 in TT cells. We evaluated sst5TMD4 and sst5 expression in 36 MTC samples. Moreover, we investigated the role of sst5TMD4 in TT cells evaluating cell number, DNA synthesis, free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), calcitonin and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, cell morphology, protein expression, and invasion. We found that in MTC the balance between sst5TMD4 and sst5 expression influences disease stage. sst5TMD4 overexpression in TT cells confers a greater growth capacity, blocks sst2 agonist-induced antiproliferative effects, modifies the cell phenotype, decreases E-cadherin and phosphorylated β-catenin levels, increases vimentin, total β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3B levels (in keeping with the development of epithelial to mesenchymal transition), and confers a greater invasion capacity. This is the first evidence indicating that sst5TMD4 is expressed in human MTC cells, where it associates with more aggressive behavior, suggesting that sst5TMD4 might play a functionally relevant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alejandro Ibañez-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Pelizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pansini
- Depatment of Surgery, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ettore degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Voigtländer T, Gupta SK, Thum S, Fendrich J, Manns MP, Lankisch TO, Thum T. MicroRNAs in Serum and Bile of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and/or Cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139305. [PMID: 26431155 PMCID: PMC4591993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at high risk for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Analysis of micro ribonucleic acid (MiRNA) patterns is an evolving research field in biliary pathophysiology with potential value in diagnosis and therapy. Our aim was to evaluate miRNA patterns in serum and bile of patients with PSC and/or CC. METHODS Serum and bile from consecutive patients with PSC (n = 40 (serum), n = 52 (bile)), CC (n = 31 (serum), n = 19 (bile)) and patients with CC complicating PSC (PSC/CC) (n = 12 (bile)) were analyzed in a cross-sectional study between 2009 and 2012. As additional control serum samples from healthy individuals were analyzed (n = 12). The miRNA levels in serum and bile were determined with global miRNA profiling and subsequent miRNA-specific polymerase chain reaction-mediated validation. RESULTS Serum analysis revealed significant differences for miR-1281 (p = 0.001), miR-126 (p = 0.001), miR-26a (p = 0.001), miR-30b (p = 0.001) and miR-122 (p = 0.034) between patients with PSC and patients with CC. All validated miRNAs were significantly lower in healthy individuals. MiR-412 (p = 0.001), miR-640 (p = 0.001), miR-1537 (p = 0.003) and miR-3189 (p = 0.001) were significantly different between patients with PSC and PSC/CC in bile. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PSC and/or CC have distinct miRNA profiles in serum and bile. Furthermore, miRNA concentrations are different in bile of patients with CC on top of PSC indicating the potential diagnostic value of these miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Voigtländer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center—Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shashi K. Gupta
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fendrich
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center—Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim O. Lankisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center—Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center—Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kitchen MO, Yacqub-Usman K, Emes RD, Richardson A, Clayton RN, Farrell WE. Epidrug mediated re-expression of miRNA targeting the HMGA transcripts in pituitary cells. Pituitary 2015; 18:674-84. [PMID: 25557289 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgenic mice overexpressing the high mobility group A (HMGA) genes, Hmga1 or Hmga2 develop pituitary tumours and their overexpression is also a frequent finding in human pituitary adenomas. In some cases, increased expression of HMGA2 but not that of HMGA1 is consequent to genetic perturbations. However, recent studies show that down-regulation of microRNA (miRNA), that contemporaneously target the HMGA1 and HMGA2 transcripts, are associated with their overexpression. RESULTS In a cohort of primary pituitary adenoma we determine the impact of epigenetic modifications on the expression of HMGA-targeting miRNA. For these miRNAs, chromatin immunoprecipitations showed that transcript down-regulation is correlated with histone tail modifications associated with condensed silenced genes. The functional impact of epigenetic modification on miRNA expression was determined in the rodent pituitary cell line, GH3. In these cells, histone tail, miRNA-associated, modifications were similar to those apparent in human adenoma and likely account for their repression. Indeed, challenge of GH3 cells with the epidrugs, zebularine and TSA, led to enrichment of the histone modification, H3K9Ac, associated with active genes, and depletion of the modification, H3K27me3, associated with silent genes and re-expression of HMGA-targeting miRNA. Moreover, epidrugs challenges were also associated with a concomitant decrease in hmga1 transcript and protein levels and concurrent increase in bmp-4 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that the inverse relationship between HMGA expression and targeting miRNA is reversible through epidrug interventions. In addition to showing a mechanistic link between epigenetic modifications and miRNA expression these findings underscore their potential as therapeutic targets in this and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Kitchen
- Human Disease and Genomics Group, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
MicroRNA Regulation of Brain Tumour Initiating Cells in Central Nervous System Tumours. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:141793. [PMID: 26064134 PMCID: PMC4433683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/141793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS tumours occur in both pediatric and adult patients and many of these tumours are associated with poor clinical outcome. Due to a paradigm shift in thinking for the last several years, these tumours are now considered to originate from a small population of stem-like cells within the bulk tumour tissue. These cells, termed as brain tumour initiating cells (BTICs), are perceived to be regulated by microRNAs at the posttranscriptional/translational levels. Proliferation, stemness, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, and cell cycle constitute some of the significant processes modulated by microRNAs in cancer initiation and progression. Characterization and functional studies on oncogenic or tumour suppressive microRNAs are made possible because of developments in sequencing and microarray techniques. In the current review, we bring recent knowledge of the role of microRNAs in BTIC formation and therapy. Special attention is paid to two highly aggressive and well-characterized brain tumours: gliomas and medulloblastoma. As microRNA seems to be altered in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, “microRNA therapy” may now have potential to improve outcomes for brain tumour patients. In this rapidly evolving field, further understanding of miRNA biology and its contribution towards cancer can be mined for new therapeutic tools.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Y, Li H, Pu Y, Gong S, Liu C, Jiang X, Tao J. Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Purkinje neuron P-type Ca²⁺ channels in vitro induces neuronal hyperexcitability through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase C delta pathway. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:321-34. [PMID: 25707622 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although melatonin receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and peripheral tissues, there are limited data regarding the functions of melatonin in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Here, we identified a novel functional role of melatonin in modulating P-type Ca(2+) channels and action-potential firing in rat Purkinje neurons. Melatonin at 0.1 μm reversibly decreased peak currents (I(Ba)) by 32.9%. This effect was melatonin receptor 1 (MT(R1)) dependent and was associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation. Pertussis toxin pretreatment, intracellular application of QEHA peptide, and a selective antibody raised against the Gβ subunit prevented the inhibitory effects of melatonin. Pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors abolished the melatonin-induced decrease in I(Ba). Surprisingly, melatonin responses were not regulated by Akt, a common downstream target of PI3K. Melatonin treatment significantly increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity 2.1-fold. Antagonists of PKC, but not of protein kinase A, abolished the melatonin-induced decrease in I(Ba). Melatonin application increased the membrane abundance of PKCδ, and PKCδ inhibition (either pharmacologically or genetically) abolished the melatonin-induced IBa response. Functionally, melatonin increased spontaneous action-potential firing by 53.0%; knockdown of MT(R1) and blockade of P-type channels abolished this effect. Thus, our results suggest that melatonin inhibits P-type channels through MT(R1) activation, which is coupled sequentially to the βγ subunits of G(i/o)-protein and to downstream PI3K-dependent PKCδ signaling. This likely contributes to its physiological functions, including spontaneous firing of cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fibroblasts from patients with major depressive disorder show distinct transcriptional response to metabolic stressors. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e523. [PMID: 25756806 PMCID: PMC4354345 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly viewed as interplay of environmental stressors and genetic predisposition, and recent data suggest that the disease affects not only the brain, but the entire body. As a result, we aimed at determining whether patients with major depression have aberrant molecular responses to stress in peripheral tissues. We examined the effects of two metabolic stressors, galactose (GAL) or reduced lipids (RL), on the transcriptome and miRNome of human fibroblasts from 16 pairs of patients with MDD and matched healthy controls (CNTR). Our results demonstrate that both MDD and CNTR fibroblasts had a robust molecular response to GAL and RL challenges. Most importantly, a significant part (messenger RNAs (mRNAs): 26-33%; microRNAs (miRNAs): 81-90%) of the molecular response was only observed in MDD, but not in CNTR fibroblasts. The applied metabolic challenges uncovered mRNA and miRNA signatures, identifying responses to each stressor characteristic for the MDD fibroblasts. The distinct responses of MDD fibroblasts to GAL and RL revealed an aberrant engagement of molecular pathways, such as apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, cell migration, metabolic control and energy production. In conclusion, the metabolic challenges evoked by GAL or RL in dermal fibroblasts exposed adaptive dysfunctions on mRNA and miRNA levels that are characteristic for MDD. This finding underscores the need to challenge biological systems to bring out disease-specific deficits, which otherwise might remain hidden under resting conditions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Di Ieva A, Butz H, Niamah M, Rotondo F, De Rosa S, Sav A, Yousef GM, Kovacs K, Cusimano MD. MicroRNAs as biomarkers in pituitary tumors. Neurosurgery 2014; 75:181-9; discussion 188-9. [PMID: 24739366 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) as circulating biomarkers is currently leading to relevant advances in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of several diseases. Specific miRNAs have also been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of many neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. A number of studies have demonstrated that miRNAs show differential expression in various tumors, such as in the prostate, ovary, lung, breast, brain, and pituitary. Recent findings have built connections between miRNAs that are deregulated within the tumor and their presence in peripheral blood. MiRNAs have been shown to be stable in the blood where they are present in either free and/or uncomplexed form, as well as packed in microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, or bound to different proteins. Because the pituitary is a highly vascularized organ that releases hormones into the circulation, miRNAs would be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, as well as for predicting or detecting recurrence after surgery. Here we review the biological significance of miRNAs in pituitary tumors and the potential value of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- ‡Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; §Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; ¶Division of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; ‖Department of Pathology, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
FUKUOKA H, TAKAHASHI Y. The role of genetic and epigenetic changes in pituitary tumorigenesis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014; 54:943-57. [PMID: 25446387 PMCID: PMC4533359 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common intracranial tumors. Despite their benign nature, dysregulation of hormone secretion causes systemic metabolic deterioration, resulting in high mortality and an impaired quality of life. Tumorigenic pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas is mainly investigated by performing genetic analyses of somatic mutations in the tumor or germline mutations in patients. Genetically modified mouse models, which develop pituitary adenomas, are also used. Genetic analysis in rare familial pituitary adenomas, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and type 4, Carney complex, familial isolated pituitary adenomas, and succinate dehydrogenases (SDHs)-mediated paraganglioma syndrome, revealed several causal germline mutations and sporadic somatic mutations in these genes. The analysis of genetically modified mouse models exhibiting pituitary adenomas has revealed the underlying mechanisms, where cell cycle regulatory molecules, tumor suppressors, and growth factor signaling are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic changes, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, micro ribonucleic acids (RNAs), and long noncoding RNAs play a pivotal role. The elucidation of precise mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis can contribute to the development of novel targeted therapy for pituitary adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori FUKUOKA
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - Yutaka TAKAHASHI
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu ZB, Li WQ, Lin SJ, Wang CD, Cai L, Lu JL, Chen YX, Su ZP, Shang HB, Yang WL, Zhao WG. MicroRNA expression profile of bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:10-8. [PMID: 25064468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy. However, little is known about miRNA expression in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. In this study, 23 prolactinoma samples were classified as bromocriptine-sensitive or -resistant according to the clinical definition of bromocriptine resistance, and their miRNA expression profiles were determined using Solexa sequencing. We found 41 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two groups, and 12 of these were validated by stem-loop qRT-PCR. Hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-17, hsa-mir-22*, hsa-mir-126*, hsa-mir-142-3p, hsa-mir-144*, hsa-mir-486-5p, hsa-mir-451, and hsa-mir-92a were up-regulated and hsa-mir-30a, hsa-mir-382, and hsa-mir-136 were down-regulated in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas in comparison with bromocriptine-sensitive prolactinomas. Furthermore, silencing of mir-93 significantly increased the sensitivity of MMQ cells to dopamine agonist treatment. Mir-93 directly affected p21 expression in MMQ cells by targeting the 3'-UTR. Our study is the first to identify a miRNA expression profile associated with bromocriptine-resistant prolactinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Wei Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuyao People's Hospital, Ningbo 315400, China
| | - Shao Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cheng De Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiang Long Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yun Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zhi Peng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Han Bing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Guo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
ZHAO HENAN, BI TIE, QU ZHENYUN, JIANG JIYONG, CUI SHIYING, WANG YAN. Expression of miR-224-5p is associated with the original cisplatin resistance of ovarian papillary serous carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1003-12. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
45
|
Neuroendocrine changes upon exposure to predator odors. Physiol Behav 2014; 131:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
46
|
Gentilin E, Molè D, Gagliano T, Minoia M, Ambrosio MR, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Inhibitory effects of mitotane on viability and secretory activity in mouse gonadotroph cell lines. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:71-6. [PMID: 24486453 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitotane represents the mainstay medical treatment for metastatic, inoperable or recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma. Besides the well-known adverse events, mitotane therapy is associated also with endocrinological effects, including sexual and reproductive dysfunction. The majority of male patients undergoing adjuvant mitotane therapy show a picture of hypogonadism, characterized by low free testosterone and high sex hormone binding globulin levels and unmodified LH concentrations. Since mitotane has been shown to have direct pituitary effects, we investigated whether mitotane may influence both cell viability and function of gonadotroph cells in the settings of two pituitary cell lines. We found that mitotane reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis, modifies cell cycle phase distribution and secretion of gonadotroph cells. The present data strengthen previous evidence showing a direct mitotane effect at pituitary level and represent a possible explanation of the lack of LH increase following decrease in free testosterone in patients undergoing adjuvant mitotane therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ettore C Degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li XH, Wang EL, Zhou HM, Yoshimoto K, Qian ZR. MicroRNAs in Human Pituitary Adenomas. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:435171. [PMID: 25548562 PMCID: PMC4274667 DOI: 10.1155/2014/435171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of recently identified noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Due to the large number of genes regulated by miRNAs, miRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are dysregulated in pituitary adenomas, a class of intracranial neoplasms which account for 10-15% of diagnosed brain tumors. Deregulated miRNAs and their targets contribute to pituitary adenomas progression and are associated with cell cycle control, apoptosis, invasion, and pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas. To provide an overview of miRNAs dysregulation and functions of these miRNAs in pituitary adenoma progression, we summarize the deregulated miRNAs and their targets to shed more light on their potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
- *Xu-Hui Li: and
| | - Elaine Lu Wang
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hai-Meng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- *Zhi Rong Qian:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang L, Cai Z, Wei S, Zhou H, Zhou H, Jiang X, Xu N. MicroRNA expression profiling of the porcine developing hypothalamus and pituitary tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20326-39. [PMID: 24129171 PMCID: PMC3821617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, play important roles in gene expressions at transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages in mammalian brain. So far, a growing number of porcine miRNAs and their function have been identified, but little is known regarding the porcine developing hypothalamus and pituitary. In the present study, Solexa sequencing analysis showed 14,129,397 yielded reads, 6,680,678 of which were related to 674 unique miRNAs. After a microarray assay, we detected 175 unique miRNAs in the hypothalamus, including 136 previously known miRNAs and 39 novel candidates, while a total of 140 miRNAs, including 104 known and 36 new candidate miRNAs, were discovered in pituitary. More importantly, 37 and 30 differentially expressed miRNAs from several developmental stages of hypothalamus and pituitary were revealed, respectively. The 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in hypothalamus represented 6 different expression patterns, while the 30 differentially expressed miRNAs in pituitary represented 7 different expression patterns. To clarify potential target genes and specific functions of these differentially expressed miRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary, TargetScan and Gorilla prediction tools were then applied. The current functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs in hypothalamus and pituitary shared many biological processes, with the main differences being found in tissue-specific processes including: CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic/metabolic process; phosphatidic acid biosynthetic/metabolic process; energy reserve metabolic process for hypothalamus; adult behavior; sterol transport/homeostasis; and cholesterol/reverse cholesterol transport for pituitary. Overall, this study identified miRNA profiles and differentially expressed miRNAs among various developmental stages in hypothalamus and pituitary and indicated miRNA profiles change with age and brain location, enhancing our knowledge about spatial and temporal expressions of miRNAs in the porcine developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; E-Mail:
| | - Shengjuan Wei
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Huiyun Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Ningying Xu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8898-2089
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tagliati F, Gagliano T, Gentilin E, Minoia M, Molè D, delgi Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Magmas overexpression inhibits staurosporine induced apoptosis in rat pituitary adenoma cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75194. [PMID: 24069394 PMCID: PMC3775776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magmas is a nuclear gene that encodes for the mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim16. Magmas is overexpressed in the majority of human pituitary adenomas and in a mouse ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cell line. Here we report that Magmas is highly expressed in two out of four rat pituitary adenoma cell lines and its expression levels inversely correlate to the extent of cellular response to staurosporine in terms of apoptosis activation and cell viability. Magmas over-expression in rat GH/PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma GH4C1 cells leads to an increase in cell viability and to a reduction in staurosporine-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation, in parallel with the increase in Magmas protein expression. These results indicate that Magmas plays a pivotal role in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli and confirm and extend the finding that Magmas protects pituitary cells from staurosporine-induced apoptosis, suggesting its possible involvement in pituitary adenoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo “Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate” (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore C. delgi Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo “Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate” (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo “Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate” (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gentilin E, Tagliati F, Terzolo M, Zoli M, Lapparelli M, Minoia M, Ambrosio MR, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Mitotane reduces human and mouse ACTH-secreting pituitary cell viability and function. J Endocrinol 2013; 218:275-85. [PMID: 23814013 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medical therapy for Cushing's disease (CD) is currently based on agents mainly targeting adrenocortical function. Lately, pituitary-directed drugs have been developed, with limited efficacy. Mitotane, a potent adrenolytic drug, has been recently investigated for the treatment of CD, but the direct pituitary effects have not been clarified so far. The aim of our study was to investigate whether mitotane may affect corticotroph function and cell survival in the mouse pituitary cell line AtT20/D16v-F2 and in the primary cultures of human ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, as an in vitro model of pituitary corticotrophs. We found that in the AtT20/D16v-F2 cell line and in primary cultures, mitotane reduces cell viability by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis and reduces ACTH secretion. In the AtT20/D16v-F2 cell line, mitotane reduces Pomc expression and blocks the stimulatory effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on cell viability, ACTH secretion, and Pomc expression. These effects were apparent at mitotane doses greater than those usually necessary for reducing cortisol secretion in Cushing's syndrome, but still in the therapeutic window for adrenocortical carcinoma treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mitotane affects cell viability and function of human and mouse ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells. These data indicate that mitotane could have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|