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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116973. [PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rapid pace of modern society, chronic insomnia has become universal phenomenon. In China, Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) has been used in treating chronic insomnia for thousands of years, but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the chemical composition of BXSMD and its effects on Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was applied in determining the chemical composition of BXSMD. After 21-day sleep deprivation (SD) in platform water environment, CSD mice model was prepared. By conducting open field test, 24-h autonomic diurnal and nocturnal activity of mice in each group was detected. ELISA was employed to measure the contents of 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, and MT. With RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were tested. RESULTS BXSMD included ferulic acid, kaverol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, adenosine, aesculin, vanillin, naringin, and glycine, which might constitute the material basis forthe improvement of chronic insomnia. With BXSMD, the total moving distance and the rest time in dark period of CSD mice were shortened, while its rest time in light period was increased. Besides, BXSMD enhanced the contents of 5-HT, GABA, and MT in CSD mice, and decreased the contents of Glu, NE, and DA. BXSMD elevated the mRNA of Esr1 and Esr2, and elevated the protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD mice. CONCLUSIONS BXSMD contains various chemical components for sleep-wake regulation, with the mechanism of stimulating estrogen signaling pathway by regulating the expressions of ESR1 and ESR2, ultimately realizing the regulation to sleep-wake disorder caused by CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
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3
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Zhou M, Zhang J, Zhao J, Liao M, Wang S, xu D, Zhao B, Yang C, Hou G, Tan J, Liu J, Zhang W, Yin L. Sex difference in cardiac performance in individuals with irregular shift work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2023; 19:200219. [PMID: 37841448 PMCID: PMC10569979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: sex differences existed in animal behavioral adaption and activity rhythms when exposed to chronic disruption of the circadian rhythm. Whether these differences extend to cardiac performance has not been fully investigated by cardiac imaging technology. Methods One hundred and thirty patients enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the day shift (DS) group and the irregular shift (IRS) group based on whether involved in the night shift and the frequency of the night shift. Comparisons of clinical data and cardiac imaging parameters were performed to identify the sex difference in cardiac function in the participants with day shift work or irregular shifts. Results The absolute value of GLS was significantly lower in male IRS group than in male DS group. In females, no significant difference was tested in left ventricular function between the two groups. In male participants, Weekly work hours (WWH) was positively correlated with HR (r = 0.51, p = 0.02) and QTc duration (r = 0.68, p < 0.00), and weakly negatively correlated with the GLS (r = -0.38, p = 0.05). Amongst patients, there was a 2.67-fold higher relative risk (RR) for impaired GLS in males than in females, with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 1.20-5.61. Moreover, there was an increased risk in the male IRS group compared to the female IRS group to develop impaired GLS (RR:3.14, 95 % CI 1.20-7.84). Conclusions The present study suggests that chronic circadian disruption brings cardiac dysfunction in people with night-shift work. Gender differences exist in the impact of circadian rhythmicity on cardiac function and may help to guide the work schedule and breaks in shift workers and bring forward prevention strategies in response to chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjiao Liao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingyan Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Wenjiang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixue Yin
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Anderson ST, Meng H, Brooks TG, Tang SY, Lordan R, Sengupta A, Nayak S, Mřela A, Sarantopoulou D, Lahens NF, Weljie A, Grant GR, Bushman FD, FitzGerald GA. Sexual dimorphism in the response to chronic circadian misalignment on a high-fat diet. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo2022. [PMID: 37196066 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies associate shiftwork with cardiometabolic disorders but do not establish causation or elucidate mechanisms of disease. We developed a mouse model based on shiftwork schedules to study circadian misalignment in both sexes. Behavioral and transcriptional rhythmicity were preserved in female mice despite exposure to misalignment. Females were protected from the cardiometabolic impact of circadian misalignment on a high-fat diet seen in males. The liver transcriptome and proteome revealed discordant pathway perturbations between the sexes. Tissue-level changes were accompanied by gut microbiome dysbiosis only in male mice, biasing toward increased potential for diabetogenic branched chain amino acid production. Antibiotic ablation of the gut microbiota diminished the impact of misalignment. In the United Kingdom Biobank, females showed stronger circadian rhythmicity in activity and a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than males among job-matched shiftworkers. Thus, we show that female mice are more resilient than males to chronic circadian misalignment and that these differences are conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán T Anderson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas G Brooks
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soon Yew Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Soumyashant Nayak
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonijo Mřela
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas F Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim Weljie
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Starnes AN, Jones JR. Inputs and Outputs of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040508. [PMID: 37106709 PMCID: PMC10136320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are coordinated by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light and other environmental inputs change the timing of the SCN neural network oscillator, which, in turn, sends output signals that entrain daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. While much is known about the molecular, neuronal, and network properties of the SCN itself, the circuits linking the outside world to the SCN and the SCN to rhythmic outputs are understudied. In this article, we review our current understanding of the synaptic and non-synaptic inputs onto and outputs from the SCN. We propose that a more complete description of SCN connectivity is needed to better explain how rhythms in nearly all behaviors and physiological processes are generated and to determine how, mechanistically, these rhythms are disrupted by disease or lifestyle.
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6
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He X, Zhang R, Li Z, Yao Z, Xie X, Bai R, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang S, Shen Y, Li S, Hui Z, Liu R, Chen J. Sini powder with paroxetine ameliorates major depressive disorder by modulating circadian rhythm: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12832. [PMID: 36073608 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disorder is a significant risk factor for mental diseases, and the recovery of circadian rhythm function has gradually become a signal of effective antidepressant therapy. Sini powder (SNP) is a classical, traditional Chinese formula for depression treatment. However, few clinical reports have been recorded. This randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial (ChiCTR1900022700) aimed to explore the efficacy of SNP on depression via regulating circadian rhythm. In total, 36 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled for 4-weeks medication and 6-weeks follow-up. HAMD-24 score and circadian rhythm index, including dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and phase angle difference (PAD), were included in the assessment. DLMO and PAD were statistically significant in the SNP group after 4 weeks of treatment (p < .05) and with greater improvement in DLMO (p = .03). In addition, DLMO and the HAMD-24 score showed a positive correlation (p < .05); the HAMD-24 score degree decreased significantly over time (p < .001). Similarly, interaction effects were shown significantly between group and time (p = .049). The duration of SNP supplementation was relatively short, and the sample size was relatively small. SNP granules combined with paroxetine tablets have definite efficacy in improving the circadian rhythms of MDD patients, reflecting the therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine as antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Ruihuan Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yulin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Ruoxue Bai
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenliang Hui
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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7
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Moeller JS, Bever SR, Finn SL, Phumsatitpong C, Browne MF, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Regulation of Hormonal Timing and the Pathophysiology of Circadian Dysregulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4185-4214. [PMID: 36073751 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, daily patterns of behavior and physiology that are essential for optimal health and disease prevention. Disruptions to circadian timing are associated with a host of maladies, including metabolic disease and obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and mental health disturbances. The circadian timing system is hierarchically organized, with a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks throughout the CNS and periphery. The SCN receives light information via a direct retinal pathway, synchronizing the master clock to environmental time. At the cellular level, circadian rhythms are ubiquitous, with rhythms generated by interlocking, autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. At the level of the SCN, tight cellular coupling maintains rhythms even in the absence of environmental input. The SCN, in turn, communicates timing information via the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signaling. This signaling couples individual cellular oscillators at the tissue level in extra-SCN brain loci and the periphery and synchronizes subordinate clocks to external time. In the modern world, circadian disruption is widespread due to limited exposure to sunlight during the day, exposure to artificial light at night, and widespread use of light-emitting electronic devices, likely contributing to an increase in the prevalence, and the progression, of a host of disease states. The present overview focuses on the circadian control of endocrine secretions, the significance of rhythms within key endocrine axes for typical, homeostatic functioning, and implications for health and disease when dysregulated. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Moeller
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Savannah R Bever
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Samantha L Finn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Madison F Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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8
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Vijaya Shankara J, Horsley KG, Cheng N, Rho JM, Antle MC. Circadian Responses to Light in the BTBR Mouse. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:498-515. [PMID: 35722987 PMCID: PMC9452857 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals with altered freerunning periods are valuable in understanding properties of the circadian clock. Understanding the relationship between endogenous clock properties, entrainment, and influence of light in terms of parametric and non-parametric models can help us better understand how different populations adapt to external light cycles. Many clinical populations often show significant changes in circadian properties that in turn cause sleep and circadian problems, possibly exacerbating their underlying clinical condition. BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice are a model commonly used for the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adults and adolescents with ASD frequently exhibit profound sleep and circadian disruptions, including increased latency to sleep, insomnia, advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders, and sleep fragmentation. Here, we investigated the circadian phenotype of BTBR mice in freerunning and light-entrained conditions and found that this strain of mice showed noticeably short freerunning periods (~22.75 h). In addition, when compared to C57BL/6J controls, BTBR mice also showed higher levels of activity even though this activity was compressed into a shorter active phase. Phase delays and phase advances to light were significantly larger in BTBR mice. Despite the short freerunning period, BTBR mice exhibited normal entrainment in light-dark cycles and accelerated entrainment to both advanced and delayed light cycles. Their ability to entrain to skeleton photoperiods of 1 min suggests that this entrainment cannot be attributed to masking. Period differences were also correlated with differences in the number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–expressing cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Overall, the BTBR model, with their unique freerunning and entrainment properties, makes an interesting model to understand the underlying circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katelyn G Horsley
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ning Cheng
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael C Antle
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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9
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Piilgaard L, Rose L, Hviid CG, Kohlmeier KA, Kornum BR. Sex-related differences within sleep-wake dynamics, cataplexy, and EEG fast-delta power in a narcolepsy mouse model. Sleep 2022; 45:6546341. [PMID: 35266540 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a sleep-wake disorder caused by selective loss of hypocretin (HCRT, also called orexin) neurons. Although the prevalence of NT1 is equal in men and women, sex differences in NT1 symptomatology have been reported in humans and other species. Yet, most preclinical studies fail to include females, resulting in gender bias within translational drug development. We used hcrt-tTA;TetO DTA mice (NT1 mice) that lose their HCRT neurons upon dietary doxycycline removal to examine in detail the effect of sex on NT1 symptoms and sleep-wake characteristics. We recorded 24-h electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and video in adult male and female NT1 mice for behavioural state quantification. While conducting this study, we recognized another type of behavioural arrest different from cataplexy: shorter lasting and with high δ power. We termed these delta attacks and propose a set of criteria for quantifying these in future research. Our findings show that both sexes exhibit high behavioural state instability, which was markedly higher in females with more behavioural arrests interrupting the wake episodes. Females exhibited increased wake at the expense of sleep during the dark phase, and decreased rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep during the 24-h day. During the dark phase, fast-δ (2.5-4 Hz) in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and θ (6-10 Hz) EEG spectral power in REM sleep were lower in females compared to males. We demonstrate that biologically driven sex-related differences exist in the symptomatology of NT1 mice which calls for including both sexes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Piilgaard
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Rose
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Gylling Hviid
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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He X, Wang N, Li Z, Zhang S, Yao Z, Xie X, Yang Z, Qiao S, Hui Z, Chen J, Du X. Network pharmacology and GEO database-based analysis of Sini powder in the prevention of depression among shift workers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.2019130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanding Wang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengning Yang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Qiao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi Huamen, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenliang Hui
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi Huamen, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi Huamen, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Du
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi an, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Farkas S, Szabó A, Török B, Sólyomvári C, Fazekas CL, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Zelena D. Ovariectomy-induced hormone deprivation aggravates Aβ 1-42 deposition in the basolateral amygdala and cholinergic fiber loss in the cortex but not cognitive behavioral symptoms in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:985424. [PMID: 36303870 PMCID: PMC9596151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.985424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, being highly prevalent in elderly women. The advanced progression may be due to decreased hormone synthesis during post-menopause as estradiol and progesterone both have neuroprotective potentials. We aimed to confirm that female hormone depletion aggravates the progression of dementia in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). As pathological hallmarks are known to appear in 6-month-old animals, we expected to see disease-like changes in the 4-month-old 3xTg-AD mice only after hormone depletion. Three-month-old female 3xTg-AD mice were compared with their age-matched controls. As a menopause model, ovaries were removed (OVX or Sham surgery). After 1-month recovery, the body composition of the animals was measured by an MRI scan. The cognitive and anxiety parameters were evaluated by different behavioral tests, modeling different aspects (Y-maze, Morris water maze, open-field, social discrimination, elevated plus maze, light-dark box, fox odor, operant conditioning, and conditioned fear test). At the end of the experiment, uterus was collected, amyloid-β accumulation, and the cholinergic system in the brain was examined by immunohistochemistry. The uterus weight decreased, and the body weight increased significantly in the OVX animals. The MRI data showed that the body weight change can be due to fat accumulation. Moreover, OVX increased anxiety in control, but decreased in 3xTg-AD animals, the later genotype being more anxious by default based on the anxiety z-score. In general, 3xTg-AD mice moved less. In relation to cognition, neither the 3xTg-AD genotype nor OVX surgery impaired learning and memory in general. Despite no progression of dementia-like behavior after OVX, at the histological level, OVX aggravated the amyloid-β plaque deposition in the basolateral amygdala and induced early cholinergic neuronal fiber loss in the somatosensory cortex of the transgenic animals. We confirmed that OVX induced menopausal symptoms. Removal of the sexual steroids aggravated the appearance of AD-related alterations in the brain without significantly affecting the behavior. Thus, the OVX in young, 3-month-old 3xTg-AD mice might be a suitable model for testing the effect of new treatment options on structural changes; however, to reveal any beneficial effect on behavior, a later time point might be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szidónia Farkas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Sólyomvári
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Dóra Zelena,
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12
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Joye DAM, Evans JA. Sex differences in daily timekeeping and circadian clock circuits. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:45-55. [PMID: 33994299 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates behavior and physiology in many ways important for health. Circadian rhythms are expressed by nearly every cell in the body, and this large system is coordinated by a central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Sex differences in daily rhythms are evident in humans and understanding how circadian function is modulated by biological sex is an important goal. This review highlights work examining effects of sex and gonadal hormones on daily rhythms, with a focus on behavior and SCN circuitry in animal models commonly used in pre-clinical studies. Many questions remain in this area of the field, which would benefit from further work investigating this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A M Joye
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Evans
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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13
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Alvord VM, Kantra EJ, Pendergast JS. Estrogens and the circadian system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:56-65. [PMID: 33975754 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ~24 h cycles of behavior and physiology that are generated by a network of molecular clocks located in nearly every tissue in the body. In mammals, the circadian system is organized hierarchically such that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the main circadian clock that receives light information from the eye and entrains to the light-dark cycle. The SCN then coordinates the timing of tissue clocks so internal rhythms are aligned with environmental cycles. Estrogens interact with the circadian system to regulate biological processes. At the molecular level, estrogens and circadian genes interact to regulate gene expression and cell biology. Estrogens also regulate circadian behavior across the estrous cycle. The timing of ovulation during the estrous cycle requires coincident estrogen and SCN signals. Studies using circadian gene reporter mice have also elucidated estrogen regulation of peripheral tissue clocks and metabolic rhythms. This review synthesizes current understanding of the interplay between estrogens and the circadian system, with a focus on female rodents, in regulating molecular, physiological, and behavioral processes.
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14
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Koshiba M, Watarai-Senoo A, Karino G, Ozawa S, Kamei Y, Honda Y, Tanaka I, Kodama T, Usui S, Tokuno H. A Susceptible Period of Photic Day-Night Rhythm Loss in Common Marmoset Social Behavior Development. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:539411. [PMID: 33603653 PMCID: PMC7884770 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.539411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as pervasive developmental disorders is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although these developmental disorders are known to be influenced by an individual’s genetic background, the potential biological responses to early life’s environmental exposure to both physical and psychological factors must also be considered. Many studies have acknowledged the influence of shorter time for rest at night and the simultaneous occurrence of various kinds of complications involving developmental disorders. In a prior study, we examined how a common marmoset’s (Callithrix jacchus) psychosocial development was affected when it was reared under constant daylight from birth and then reared individually by humans nursing them under constant light (LL) during their juvenile development stages. The behaviors of these marmosets were compared with those of normal day-night cycle (LD) marmosets using a multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). That study found that LL marmosets relatively elicited egg-like calls (Ecall) and side-to-side shakes of the upper body with rapid head rotation through adulthood frequently. Based on the PCA, these behaviors were interpreted as “alert” or “hyperactive” states. However, we did not clarify susceptible periods of the photic rhythm loss experience and the psychological development output. In this study we summarize the following studies in our model animal colonies involving 30 animals (11 female, 19 males) to further explore critical age states of inquiry about each social behavior profiling. We compared social behaviors of three age stages, juvenile, adolescent and young adult equivalent to one another in four LL experience conditions, LL (postnatal day (P) 0 to around 150), Middle (P60–149, 90 days), Late (P150–239, 90 days), and LD (no experience). In the most representative 1st and 2nd principal component scores, the shifting to higher frequency of alert behaviors developed at the adult stage in LL, Middle, then Late in turn. The no LL experience group, LD, generally featured higher frequency of local preference of high position compared to LL experience present groups, in adulthood. This limited model primate study might inspire different developmental age sensitive mechanisms of neuronal network to control socio-emotional functions by utilizing the multivariate visualization method, BOUQUET. This study could potentially contribute to nurturing educational designs for social developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Koshiba
- Engineering Department, Yamaguchi University, Ube City, Japan.,Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Genta Karino
- Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shimpei Ozawa
- Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kamei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Honda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Ikuko Tanaka
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Tohru Kodama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Setsuo Usui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tokuno
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
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15
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Bottalico LN, Weljie AM. Cross-species physiological interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113650. [PMID: 33166531 PMCID: PMC7993548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The circadian clock is a transcriptional oscillator responsible for entraining 24-hour rhythms of physiology, behavior and metabolism. Extensive bidirectional cross talk exists between circadian and endocrine systems and circadian rhythmicity is present at all levels of endocrine control, from synthesis and release of hormones, to sensitivity of target tissues to hormone action. In mammals, a range of hormones directly alter clock gene expression and circadian physiology via nuclear receptor (NR) binding and subsequent genomic action, modulating physiological processes such as nutrient and energy metabolism, stress response, reproductive physiology and circadian behavioral rhythms. The potential for EDCs to perturb circadian clocks or circadian-driven physiology is not well characterized. For this reason, we explore evidence for parallel endocrine and circadian disruption following EDC exposure across species. In the reviewed studies, EDCs dysregulated core clock and circadian rhythm network gene expression in brain and peripheral organs, and altered circadian reproductive, behavioral and metabolic rhythms. Circadian impacts occurred in parallel to endocrine and metabolic alterations such as impaired fertility and dysregulated metabolic and energetic homeostasis. Further research is warranted to understand the nature of interaction between circadian and endocrine systems in mediating physiological effects of EDC exposure at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Rohr KE, Telega A, Savaglio A, Evans JA. Vasopressin regulates daily rhythms and circadian clock circuits in a manner influenced by sex. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104888. [PMID: 33202247 PMCID: PMC7855892 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neurohormone that alters cellular physiology through both endocrine and synaptic signaling. Circadian rhythms in AVP release and other biological processes are driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Loss of vasopressin signaling alters circadian behavior, but the basis of these effects remains unclear. Here we investigate the role of AVP signaling in circadian timekeeping by analyzing behavior and SCN function in a novel AVP-deficient mouse model. Consistent with previous work, loss of AVP signaling increases water consumption and accelerates recovery to simulated jetlag. We expand on these results to show that loss of AVP increases period, imprecision and plasticity of behavioral rhythms under constant darkness. Interestingly, the effect of AVP deficiency on circadian period was influenced by sex, with loss of AVP lengthening period in females but not males. Examining SCN function directly with ex vivo bioluminescence imaging of clock protein expression, we demonstrate that loss of AVP signaling modulates the period, precision, and phase relationships of SCN neurons in both sexes. This pattern of results suggests that there are likely sex differences in downstream targets of the SCN. Collectively, this work indicates that AVP signaling modulates circadian circuits in a manner influenced by sex, which provides new insight into sexual dimorphisms in the regulation of daily rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Rohr
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Adam Telega
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Savaglio
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Evans
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, United States of America.
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17
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Michaud JM, Price JC, Deane HV, Concepcion HA, Coronella JA, DeCourcey H, Seggio JA. The effects of ovariectomy on the behavioral and physiological responses to constant light in C57BL6/J Mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1842970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Michaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John C. Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah V. Deane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Holly A. Concepcion
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason A. Coronella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Holly DeCourcey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A. Seggio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Sex differences in circadian endocrine rhythms: Clinical implications. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2575-2585. [PMID: 32012359 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organisms have developed a highly conserved and tightly regulated circadian system, to adjust their daily activities to day/night cycles. This system consists of a central clock, which is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the peripheral clocks that are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. Both the central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other and achieve circadian oscillations of gene expression through transcriptional/translational loops mediated by clock transcription factors. It is worth mentioning that circadian non-transcriptional/non-translational rhythms also occur in non-nucleated cells. Interestingly, sex has been identified as an important factor influencing the activity of the circadian system. Indeed, several sex differences have been documented in the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology that pertain to circadian rhythms. In this review, we present the historical milestones of understanding circadian rhythms, describe the central and peripheral components of the circadian clock system, discuss representative examples of sexual dimorphism of circadian rhythms, and present the most relevant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, and University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, and University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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19
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Meira E Cruz M, Gozal D. Slow-wave sleep loss and cardiometabolic dysfunction: androgenic hormone secretion as a critical intermediate mediator. Sleep Med 2020; 66:82-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Santen RJ, Simpson E. History of Estrogen: Its Purification, Structure, Synthesis, Biologic Actions, and Clinical Implications. Endocrinology 2019; 160:605-625. [PMID: 30566601 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes key points from the Clark Sawin Memorial Lecture on the History of Estrogen delivered at Endo 2018 and focuses on the rationales and motivation leading to various discoveries and their clinical applications. During the classical period of antiquity, incisive clinical observations uncovered important findings; however, extensive anatomical dissections to solidify proof were generally lacking. Initiation of the experimental approach followed later, influenced by Claude Bernard's treatise "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine." With this approach, investigators began to explore the function of the ovaries and their "internal secretions" and, after intensive investigations for several years, purified various estrogens. Clinical therapies for hot flashes, osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea were quickly developed and, later, methods of hormonal contraception. Sophisticated biochemical methods revealed the mechanisms of estrogen synthesis through the enzyme aromatase and, after discovery of the estrogen receptors, their specific biologic actions. Molecular techniques facilitated understanding of the specific transcriptional and translational events requiring estrogen. This body of knowledge led to methods to prevent and treat hormone-dependent neoplasms as well as a variety of other estrogen-related conditions. More recently, the role of estrogen in men was uncovered by prismatic examples of estrogen deficiency in male patients and by knockout of the estrogen receptor and aromatase in animals. As studies became more extensive, the effects of estrogen on nearly every organ were described. We conclude that the history of estrogen illustrates the role of intellectual reasoning, motivation, and serendipity in advancing knowledge about this important sex steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Santen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Evan Simpson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Circadian regulation of endocrine systems. Auton Neurosci 2019; 216:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Hatcher KM, Royston SE, Mahoney MM. Modulation of circadian rhythms through estrogen receptor signaling. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:217-228. [PMID: 30270552 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are physiological and behavioral processes that exhibit a 24-hr cycle. These daily rhythms are essential for living organisms to align their behavior and physiology with the environment to increase the likelihood of survival. In mammals, circadian rhythms synchronize with the environment primarily by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a hypothalamic brain region that integrates exogenous and endogenous timing cues. Sex steroid hormones, including estrogens, are thought to modulate sexually dimorphic behaviors through developmental programming of the brain (i.e., organization), as well as acute receptor signaling during adulthood (i.e., activation). Importantly, there are known sex differences in the expression of circadian locomotor activity and molecular organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, likely due, in part, to the actions of circulating estrogens. Circadian locomotor rhythms, which are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, have been shown to be regulated by developmental and adult levels of circulating estrogens. Further, increasing evidence suggests that estrogens can modulate expression of circadian clock genes that are essential for orchestration of circadian rhythms by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In this review, we will discuss the organizational and activational modulation of the circadian timekeeping system by estrogens through estrogen receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hatcher
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sara E Royston
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Spine and Pain Management, Christie Clinic, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Megan M Mahoney
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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23
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24
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Jardí F, Laurent MR, Dubois V, Kim N, Khalil R, Decallonne B, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F. Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R31-R52. [PMID: 29743340 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a pandemic that contributes to several chronic diseases and poses a significant burden on health care systems worldwide. The search for effective strategies to combat sedentary behavior has led to an intensification of the research efforts to unravel the biological substrate controlling activity. A wide body of preclinical evidence makes a strong case for sex steroids regulating physical activity in both genders, albeit the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. The beneficial effects of androgens on muscle as well as on other peripheral functions might play a role in favoring adaptation to exercise. Alternatively or in addition, sex steroids could act on specific brain circuitries to boost physical activity. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting a role for androgens and estrogens stimulating male physical activity, with special emphasis on the possible role of peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Finally, the potential translation of these findings to humans is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Jardí
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Gerontology and GeriatricsDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nari Kim
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rougin Khalil
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Wu M, Zhou F, Cao X, Yang J, Bai Y, Yan X, Cao J, Qi J. Abnormal circadian locomotor rhythms and Per gene expression in six-month-old triple transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:13-18. [PMID: 29626648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbance (CRD) is one of the iconic manifestations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease tightly associated with age, but the characteristics and gender difference of CRD occurred in AD have not been well demonstrated. Using 6-month-old triple transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD) without obvious brain pathological changes, we demonstrated the gender difference of CRD at this age. We further showed abnormal Per gene expression in the central clock suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the 3xTg-AD mice. Specifically, compared with the wide type (WT) mice, the 3xTg-AD mice showed disrupted circadian locomotor rhythms both at LD (light-dark 12 h:12 h) and DD (constant dark) conditions, such as increased activities in the resting phase, decreased and scattered activities in the active phase, decreased overall activity intensities, amplitude, robustness, and increased intradaily variability. We further observed that 3xTg-AD female mice showed obviously less CRD compared with the 3xTg-AD male mice, and female mice of both WT and 3xTg-AD were more active in locomotor activity. Accordingly, 3xTg-AD mice showed a phase delay in the expression of Per1 and Per2 mRNA in the SCN, with the levels of Per1 and Per2 mRNA were significantly lower than that of WT mice at specific time points. We conclude that 3xTg-AD mice exhibit behavioral CRD at the age of six months with male gender preference, and these phenomena are at least partly associated with the alteration of Per1 and Per2 transcription patterns in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiuli Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Junting Yang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xudong Yan
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jinshun Qi
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Ovariectomy influences the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and the photic phase shifts in the volcano mouse. Physiol Behav 2017; 182:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carrier J, Semba K, Deurveilher S, Drogos L, Cyr-Cronier J, Lord C, Sekerovick Z. Sex differences in age-related changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:66-85. [PMID: 28757114 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in sleep and circadian regulation occur as early as the middle years of life. Research also suggests that sleep and circadian rhythms are regulated differently between women and men. However, does sleep and circadian rhythms regulation age similarly in men and women? In this review, we present the mechanisms underlying age-related differences in sleep and the current state of knowledge on how they interact with sex. We also address how testosterone, estrogens, and progesterone fluctuations across adulthood interact with sleep and circadian regulation. Finally, we will propose research avenues to unravel the mechanisms underlying sex differences in age-related effects on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samuel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lauren Drogos
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica Cyr-Cronier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zoran Sekerovick
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cooke PS, Nanjappa MK, Ko C, Prins GS, Hess RA. Estrogens in Male Physiology. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:995-1043. [PMID: 28539434 PMCID: PMC6151497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) also regulate male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is measureable in blood of men and males of other species, but in rete testis fluids, E2 reaches concentrations normally found only in females and in some species nanomolar concentrations of estrone sulfate are found in semen. Aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is expressed in Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium, and other male organs. Early studies showed E2 binding in numerous male tissues, and ESR1 and ESR2 each show unique distributions and actions in males. Exogenous estrogen treatment produced male reproductive pathologies in laboratory animals and men, especially during development, and studies with transgenic mice with compromised estrogen signaling demonstrated an E2 role in normal male physiology. Efferent ductules and epididymal functions are dependent on estrogen signaling through ESR1, whose loss impaired ion transport and water reabsorption, resulting in abnormal sperm. Loss of ESR1 or aromatase also produces effects on nonreproductive targets such as brain, adipose, skeletal muscle, bone, cardiovascular, and immune tissues. Expression of GPER is extensive in male tracts, suggesting a possible role for E2 signaling through this receptor in male reproduction. Recent evidence also indicates that membrane ESR1 has critical roles in male reproduction. Thus estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manjunatha K Nanjappa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Palmisano BT, Stafford JM, Pendergast JS. High-Fat Feeding Does Not Disrupt Daily Rhythms in Female Mice because of Protection by Ovarian Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:44. [PMID: 28352249 PMCID: PMC5348546 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in women is increased by the loss of circulating estrogen after menopause. Shift work, which disrupts circadian rhythms, also increases the risk for obesity. It is not known whether ovarian hormones interact with the circadian system to protect females from obesity. During high-fat feeding, male C57BL/6J mice develop profound obesity and disruption of daily rhythms. Since C57BL/6J female mice did not develop diet-induced obesity (during 8 weeks of high-fat feeding), we first determined if daily rhythms in female mice were resistant to disruption from high-fat diet. We fed female PERIOD2:LUCIFERASE mice 45% high-fat diet for 1 week and measured daily rhythms. Female mice retained robust rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity during high-fat feeding that were similar to chow-fed females. In addition, the phase of the liver molecular timekeeping (PER2:LUC) rhythm was not altered by high-fat feeding in females. To determine if ovarian hormones protected daily rhythms in female mice from high-fat feeding, we analyzed rhythms in ovariectomized mice. During high-fat feeding, the amplitudes of the eating behavior and locomotor activity rhythms were reduced in ovariectomized females. Liver PER2:LUC rhythms were also advanced by ~4 h by high-fat feeding, but not chow, in ovariectomized females. Together these data show circulating ovarian hormones protect the integrity of daily rhythms in female mice during high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M. Stafford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie S. Pendergast
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- *Correspondence: Julie S. Pendergast,
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Sen A, Sellix MT. The Circadian Timing System and Environmental Circadian Disruption: From Follicles to Fertility. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3366-73. [PMID: 27501186 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The internal or circadian timing system is deeply integrated in female reproductive physiology. Considerable details of rheostatic timing function in the neuroendocrine control of pituitary hormone secretion, adenohypophyseal hormone gene expression and secretion, gonadal steroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, ovulation, implantation, and parturition have been reported. The molecular clock, an autonomous feedback loop oscillator of interacting transcriptional regulators, dictates the timing and amplitude of gene expression in each tissue of the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Although multiple targets of the molecular clock have been identified, many associated with critical physiological functions in the HPG axis, the full extent of clock-driven gene expression and physiology in this critical system remains unknown. Environmental circadian disruption (ECD), the disturbance of temporal relationships within and between internal clocks (brain and periphery), and external timing cues (eg, light, nutrients, social cues) due to rotating/night shift work or transmeridian travel have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and subfertility. Moreover, ECD resulting from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, environmental toxins, and/or irregular hormone levels during sexual development can also reduce fertility. Thus, perturbations that disturb clock function at the molecular, cellular or systemic level correlate with significant declines in female reproductive function. Here we briefly review the evidence for molecular clock function in each tissue of the female HPG axis (GnRH neuron, pituitary, uterus, oviduct, and ovary), describe the human epidemiological and animal data supporting the negative effects of ECD on fertility, and explore the potential for novel chronotherapeutics in women's health and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester New York 14642
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester New York 14642
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Candidate SNP Markers of Chronopathologies Are Predicted by a Significant Change in the Affinity of TATA-Binding Protein for Human Gene Promoters. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8642703. [PMID: 27635400 PMCID: PMC5011241 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8642703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in human genome (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) may be associated with hereditary diseases, their complications, comorbidities, and drug responses. Using Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator presented in our previous paper, here we analyzed immediate surroundings of known SNP markers of diseases and identified several candidate SNP markers that can significantly change the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters, with circadian consequences. For example, rs572527200 may be related to asthma, where symptoms are circadian (worse at night), and rs367732974 may be associated with heart attacks that are characterized by a circadian preference (early morning). By the same method, we analyzed the 90 bp proximal promoter region of each protein-coding transcript of each human gene of the circadian clock core. This analysis yielded 53 candidate SNP markers, such as rs181985043 (susceptibility to acute Q fever in male patients), rs192518038 (higher risk of a heart attack in patients with diabetes), and rs374778785 (emphysema and lung cancer in smokers). If they are properly validated according to clinical standards, these candidate SNP markers may turn out to be useful for physicians (to select optimal treatment for each patient) and for the general population (to choose a lifestyle preventing possible circadian complications of diseases).
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Yan L, Silver R. Neuroendocrine underpinnings of sex differences in circadian timing systems. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:118-26. [PMID: 26472554 PMCID: PMC4841755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There are compelling reasons to study the role of steroids and sex differences in the circadian timing system. A solid history of research demonstrates the ubiquity of circadian changes that impact virtually all behavioral and biological responses. Furthermore, steroid hormones can modulate every attribute of circadian responses including the period, amplitude and phase. Finally, desynchronization of circadian rhythmicity, and either enhancing or damping amplitude of various circadian responses can produce different effects in the sexes. Studies of the neuroendocrine underpinnings of circadian timing systems and underlying sex differences have paralleled the overall development of the field as a whole. Early experimental studies established the ubiquity of circadian rhythms by cataloging daily and seasonal changes in whole organism responses. The next generation of experiments demonstrated that daily changes are not a result of environmental synchronizing cues, and are internally orchestrated, and that these differ in the sexes. This work was followed by the revelation of molecular circadian rhythms within individual cells. At present, there is a proliferation of work on the consequences of these daily oscillations in health and in disease, and awareness that these may differ in the sexes. In the present discourse we describe the paradigms used to examine circadian oscillation, to characterize how these internal timing signals are synchronized to local environmental conditions, and how hormones of gonadal and/or adrenal origin modulate circadian responses. Evidence pointing to endocrinologically and genetically mediated sex differences in circadian timing systems can be seen at many levels of the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems, from the cell, the gland and organ, and to whole animal behavior, including sleep/wake or rest/activity cycles, responses to external stimuli, and responses to drugs. We review evidence indicating that the analysis of the circadian timing system is amenable to experimental analysis at many levels of the neuraxis, and on several different time scales, rendering it especially useful for the exploration of mechanisms associated with sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Rae Silver
- Psychology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Health Sciences, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Vinel A, Hay E, Valera MC, Buscato M, Adlanmerini M, Guillaume M, Cohen-Solal M, Ohlsson C, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Fontaine C. Role of ERαMISS in the Effect of Estradiol on Cancellous and Cortical Femoral Bone in Growing Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2533-44. [PMID: 27105385 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) acts primarily in the nucleus as a transcription factor involving two activation functions, AF1 and AF2, but it can also induce membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) through the modulation of various kinase activities and/or secondary messenger levels. Previous work has demonstrated that nuclear ERα is required for the protective effect of the estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), whereas the selective activation of ERαMISS is sufficient to confer protection in cortical but not cancellous bone. The aim of this study was to define whether ERαMISS is necessary for the beneficial actions of chronic E2 exposure on bone. We used a mouse model in which ERα membrane localization had been abrogated due to a point mutation of the palmitoylation site of ERα (ERα-C451A). Alterations of the sex hormones in ERα-C451A precluded the interpretation of bone parameters that were thus analyzed on ovariectomized and supplemented or not with E2 (8 μg/kg/d) to circumvent this bias. We found the beneficial action of E2 on femoral bone mineral density as well as in both cortical and cancellous bone was decreased in ERα-C451A mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Histological and biochemical approaches concurred with the results from bone marrow chimeras to demonstrate that ERαMISS signaling affects the osteoblast but not the osteoclast lineage in response to E2. Thus, in contrast to the uterine and endothelial effects of E2 that are specifically mediated by nuclear ERα and ERαMISS effects, respectively, bone protection is dependent on both, underlining the exquisite tissue-specific actions and interactions of membrane and nuclear ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Vinel
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Hay
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Cécile Valera
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mélissa Buscato
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Royston SE, Bunick D, Mahoney MM. Oestradiol Exposure Early in Life Programs Daily and Circadian Activity Rhythms in Adult Mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26560973 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hormone signalling during critical periods organises the adult circadian timekeeping system by altering adult hormone sensitivity and shaping fundamental properties of circadian rhythmicity. However, the timing of when developmental oestrogens modify the timekeeping system is poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that alterations in postnatal oestrogenic signalling organise adult daily activity rhythms, we utilised aromatase knockout mice (ArKO), which lack the enzyme required for oestradiol synthesis. ArKO and wild-type (WT) males and females were administered either oestradiol (E) or oil (OIL) daily for the first 5 postnatal days (p1-5E and p1-5OIL , respectively) because this time encompasses the emergence of clock gene rhythmicity and light responsiveness in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a bilateral hypothalamic structure regarded as the 'master oscillator'. After sexual maturation, gonadectomy and exogenous oestradiol supplementation, locomotor parameters were assessed. We determined that altered oestrogenic signalling in early life exerts organisational control over the expression of daily and circadian activity rhythms in adult mice. Specifically, p1-5E reduced total wheel running activity in male and female ArKO and female WT mice but had no effect on WT male activity levels. In females, wheel running was consolidated by p1-5E to the early versus late evening, a phenomenon characteristic of male mice. The time of peak activity was advanced by p1-5E in WT and ArKO females but not males. P1-5E shortened the length of the active phase (alpha) in WT males but had no effect on ArKO males or females of either genotypes. Finally, p1-5E altered the magnitude of photic-induced shifts, suggesting that developmental oestrogenic signalling impacts adult circadian functions. In the present study, we further define both a critical period of development of the adult timekeeping system and the role that oestrogenic signalling plays in the expression of daily and circadian activity rhythms throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Royston
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D Bunick
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M M Mahoney
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Blattner MS, Mahoney MM. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling alters the timekeeping system in male mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stowie AC, Glass JD. Longitudinal Study of Changes in Daily Activity Rhythms over the Lifespan in Individual Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:563-8. [PMID: 26271539 DOI: 10.1177/0748730415598023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice are used widely for research on circadian, molecular and other processes; however, little is known of circadian age- and, particularly, sex-related changes that occur over the entire lifespan of this species. To shed light on this question, the authors used a longitudinal design for the first continuous actogram measurements of general circadian locomotor activity rhythms unperturbed by photocycle or other experimental manipulations over the lifespan in male and female C57BL/6J mice. These weaning-to-death actograms are the most inclusive undertaken to date. Comparisons of circadian parameters (phase angle of entrainment, length of daily activity, bout length/intensity) were made among 4 life stages (adolescence, adult, middle age, and senescence). The present data reveal the progressive and sex-related changes in general locomotor activity pattern that occur throughout the lifespan. From the overall perspective of this study, there appears to be a need for wider age and sex representation in circadian research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Stowie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - J David Glass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Ervin KSJ, Lymer JM, Matta R, Clipperton-Allen AE, Kavaliers M, Choleris E. Estrogen involvement in social behavior in rodents: Rapid and long-term actions. Horm Behav 2015; 74:53-76. [PMID: 26122289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue ("Estradiol and cognition"). Estrogens have repeatedly been shown to influence a wide array of social behaviors, which in rodents are predominantly olfactory-mediated. Estrogens are involved in social behavior at multiple levels of processing, from the detection and integration of socially relevant olfactory information to more complex social behaviors, including social preferences, aggression and dominance, and learning and memory for social stimuli (e.g. social recognition and social learning). Three estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα, ERβ, and the G protein-coupled ER 1 (GPER1), differently affect these behaviors. Social recognition, territorial aggression, and sexual preferences and mate choice, all requiring the integration of socially related olfactory information, seem to primarily involve ERα, with ERβ playing a lesser, modulatory role. In contrast, social learning consistently responds differently to estrogen manipulations than other social behaviors. This suggests differential ER involvement in brain regions important for specific social behaviors, such as the ventromedial and medial preoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in social preferences and aggression, the medial amygdala and hippocampus in social recognition, and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in social learning. While the long-term effects of ERα and ERβ on social behavior have been extensively investigated, our knowledge of the rapid, non-genomic, effects of estrogens is more limited and suggests that they may mediate some social behaviors (e.g. social learning) differently from long-term effects. Further research is required to compare ER involvement in regulating social behavior in male and female animals, and to further elucidate the roles of the more recently described G protein-coupled ERs, both the GPER1 and the Gq-mER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsy S J Ervin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Lymer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Matta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martin Kavaliers
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Hill SM, Belancio VP, Dauchy RT, Xiang S, Brimer S, Mao L, Hauch A, Lundberg PW, Summers W, Yuan L, Frasch T, Blask DE. Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R183-204. [PMID: 25876649 PMCID: PMC4457700 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present review discusses recent work on melatonin-mediated circadian regulation, the metabolic and molecular signaling mechanisms that are involved in human breast cancer growth, and the associated consequences of circadian disruption by exposure to light at night (LEN). The anti-cancer actions of the circadian melatonin signal in human breast cancer cell lines and xenografts heavily involve MT1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. In estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive human breast cancer, melatonin suppresses ERα mRNA expression and ERα transcriptional activity via the MT1 receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of core clock and clock-related genes. Furthermore, melatonin also suppresses tumor aerobic metabolism (the Warburg effect) and, subsequently, cell-signaling pathways critical to cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Melatonin demonstrates both cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells that appears to be cell type-specific. Melatonin also possesses anti-invasive/anti-metastatic actions that involve multiple pathways, including inhibition of p38 MAPK and repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies have demonstrated that melatonin promotes genomic stability by inhibiting the expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons. Finally, research in animal and human models has indicated that LEN-induced disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer and drives breast tumors to endocrine and chemotherapeutic resistance. These data provide the strongest understanding and support of the mechanisms that underpin the epidemiologic demonstration of elevated breast cancer risk in night-shift workers and other individuals who are increasingly exposed to LEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Hill
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Victoria P Belancio
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Shulin Xiang
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Samantha Brimer
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Lulu Mao
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Adam Hauch
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Peter W Lundberg
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Whitney Summers
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Tripp Frasch
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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39
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Hill SM, Belancio VP, Dauchy RT, Xiang S, Brimer S, Mao L, Hauch A, Lundberg PW, Summers W, Yuan L, Frasch T, Blask DE. Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015. [PMID: 25876649 DOI: 10.1530/er-c-15-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The present review discusses recent work on melatonin-mediated circadian regulation, the metabolic and molecular signaling mechanisms that are involved in human breast cancer growth, and the associated consequences of circadian disruption by exposure to light at night (LEN). The anti-cancer actions of the circadian melatonin signal in human breast cancer cell lines and xenografts heavily involve MT1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. In estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive human breast cancer, melatonin suppresses ERα mRNA expression and ERα transcriptional activity via the MT1 receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of core clock and clock-related genes. Furthermore, melatonin also suppresses tumor aerobic metabolism (the Warburg effect) and, subsequently, cell-signaling pathways critical to cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Melatonin demonstrates both cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells that appears to be cell type-specific. Melatonin also possesses anti-invasive/anti-metastatic actions that involve multiple pathways, including inhibition of p38 MAPK and repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies have demonstrated that melatonin promotes genomic stability by inhibiting the expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons. Finally, research in animal and human models has indicated that LEN-induced disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer and drives breast tumors to endocrine and chemotherapeutic resistance. These data provide the strongest understanding and support of the mechanisms that underpin the epidemiologic demonstration of elevated breast cancer risk in night-shift workers and other individuals who are increasingly exposed to LEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Hill
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Victoria P Belancio
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Shulin Xiang
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Samantha Brimer
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Lulu Mao
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Adam Hauch
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Peter W Lundberg
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Whitney Summers
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Tripp Frasch
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Department of Structural and Cellular BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-49, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of SurgeryTulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research ConsortiumCircadian Cancer Biology GroupTulane Center for Circadian BiologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Simonneaux V, Bahougne T. A Multi-Oscillatory Circadian System Times Female Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:157. [PMID: 26539161 PMCID: PMC4611855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythms in female reproduction are critical to insure that timing of ovulation coincides with oocyte maturation and optimal sexual arousal. This fine tuning of female reproduction involves both the estradiol feedback as an indicator of oocyte maturation, and the master circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as an indicator of the time of the day. Herein, we are providing an overview of the state of knowledge regarding the differential inhibitory and stimulatory effects of estradiol at different stages of the reproductive axis, and the mechanisms through which the two main neurotransmitters of the SCN, arginine vasopressin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, convey daily time cues to the reproductive axis. In addition, we will report the most recent findings on the putative functions of peripheral clocks located throughout the reproductive axis [kisspeptin (Kp) neurons, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, gonadotropic cells, the ovary, and the uterus]. This review will point to the critical position of the Kp neurons of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, which integrate both the stimulatory estradiol signal, and the daily arginine vasopressinergic signal, while displaying a circadian clock. Finally, given the critical role of the light/dark cycle in the synchronization of female reproduction, we will discuss the impact of circadian disruptions observed during shift-work conditions on female reproductive performance and fertility in both animal model and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Simonneaux, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS (UPR 3212), 5 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67084, France,
| | - Thibault Bahougne
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS (UPR 3212), Strasbourg, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabète, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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41
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Abstract
Rhythmic events in the female reproductive system depend on the coordinated and synchronized activity of multiple neuroendocrine and endocrine tissues. This coordination is facilitated by the timing of gene expression and cellular physiology at each level of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, including the basal hypothalamus and forebrain, the pituitary gland, and the ovary. Central to this pathway is the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that, through its myriad outputs, provides a temporal framework for gonadotropin release and ovulation. The heart of the timing system, a transcription-based oscillator, imparts SCN pacemaker cells and a company of peripheral tissues with the capacity for daily oscillations of gene expression and cellular physiology. Although the SCN sits comfortably at the helm, peripheral oscillators (such as the ovary) have undefined but potentially critical roles. Each cell type of the ovary, including theca cells, granulosa cells, and oocytes, harbor a molecular clock implicated in the processes of follicular growth, steroid hormone synthesis, and ovulation. The ovarian clock is influenced by the reproductive cycle and diseases that perturb the cycle and/or follicular growth can disrupt the timing of clock gene expression in the ovary. Chronodisruption is known to negatively affect reproductive function and fertility in both rodent models and women exposed to shiftwork schedules. Thus, influencing clock function in the HPO axis with chronobiotics may represent a novel avenue for the treatment of common fertility disorders, particularly those resulting from chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Sellix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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42
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Krizo JA, Mintz EM. Sex differences in behavioral circadian rhythms in laboratory rodents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:234. [PMID: 25620955 PMCID: PMC4288375 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong bias in basic research on circadian rhythms toward the use of only male animals in studies. Furthermore, of the studies that use female subjects, many use only females and do not compare results between males and females. This review focuses on behavioral aspects of circadian rhythms that differ between the sexes. Differences exist in the timing of daily onset of activity, responses to both photic and non-photic stimuli, and in changes across the lifespan. These differences may reflect biologically important traits that are ecologically relevant and impact on a variety of responses to behavioral and physiological challenges. Overall, more work needs to be done to investigate differences between males and females as well as differences that are the result of hormonal changes across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Krizo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, OH , USA
| | - Eric M Mintz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, OH , USA ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, OH , USA
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