1
|
Denisova EI, Makarova EN. Influence of leptin administration to pregnant mice on fetal gene expression and adaptation to sweet and fatty food in adult offspring of different sexes. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:288-298. [PMID: 38952707 PMCID: PMC11214896 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated leptin in pregnant mice improves metabolism in offspring fed high-calorie diet and its influence may be sex-specific. Molecular mechanisms mediating leptin programming action are unknown. We aimed to investigate programming actions of maternal leptin on the signaling function of the placenta and fetal liver and on adaptation to high-calorie diet in male and female offspring. Female C57BL/6J mice received leptin injections in mid-pregnancy. Gene expression was assessed in placentas and in the fetal brain and liver at the end of pregnancy. Metabolic parameters and gene expression in the liver, brown fat and hypothalamus were assessed in adult male and female offspring that had consumed sweet and fatty diet (SFD: chow, lard, sweet biscuits) for 2 weeks. Females had lower blood levels of leptin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol than males. Consuming SFD, females had increased Ucp1 expression in brown fat, while males had accumulated fat, decreased blood triglycerides and liver Fasn expression. Leptin administration to mothers increased Igf1 and Dnmt3b expression in fetal liver, decreased post-weaning growth rate, and increased hypothalamic Crh expression in response to SFD in both sexes. Only in male offspring this administration decreased expression of Fasn and Gck in the mature liver, increased fat mass, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol and Dmnt3a expression in the fetal liver. The results suggest that the influence of maternal leptin on the expression of genes encoding growth factors and DNA methyltransferases in the fetal liver may mediate its programming effect on offspring metabolic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Denisova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E N Makarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Denisova EI, Savinkova MM, Makarova EN. Influence of leptin administration to pregnant female mice on obesity development, taste preferences, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of their male and female offspring. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:669-676. [PMID: 34782887 PMCID: PMC8558916 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
. The consumption of food rich in sugar and fat provokes obesity. Prenatal conditions have an impact on taste preferences and metabolism in the adult offspring, and this impact may manifest differently in different sexes. An increase in blood leptin level in pregnant females reduces the risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring, although the mechanisms mediating this effect are unknown. Neither is it known whether maternal leptin affects taste preferences. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin administration to pregnant mice on the development of diet-induced obesity, food choice, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of the offspring with regard to sex. Leptin was administered to female mice on days 11, 12, and 13 of pregnancy. In male and female offspring, growth rate and intake of standard chow after weaning, obesity development, gene expression in the liver and muscles, and food choice when kept on a high-calorie diet (standard chow, lard, sweet cookies) were recorded. Leptin administration to pregnant females reduced body weight in the female offspring fed on the standard diet. When the offspring were given a high-calorie diet, leptin administration inhibited obesity development and reduced the consumption of cookies only in males. It also increased the consumption of standard chow and the mRNA levels of genes for the insulin receptor and glucose transporter type 4 in the muscles of both male and female offspring. The results demonstrate that an increase in blood leptin levels in pregnant females has a sex-specif ic effect on the metabolism of the offspring increasing resistance to obesity only in male offspring. The mechanism underlying this effect includes a shift in food preference in favor of a balanced diet and maintenance of insulin sensitivity in muscle tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Denisova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - E N Makarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koerber-Rosso I, Brandt S, von Schnurbein J, Fischer-Posovszky P, Hoegel J, Rabenstein H, Siebert R, Wabitsch M. A fresh look to the phenotype in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and the leptin receptor gene. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:10. [PMID: 34448070 PMCID: PMC8390564 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) play a major role in energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproductive function. While effects of biallelic likely pathogenic variants (-/-) on the phenotype are well characterized, effects of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants (wt/-) in the LEP and LEPR gene on the phenotype compared to wild-type homozygosity (wt/wt) have not been systematically investigated. We identified in our systematic review 44 animal studies (15 on Lep, 29 on Lepr) and 39 studies in humans reporting on 130 mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 20 distinct LEP variants and 108 heterozygous mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 35 distinct LEPR variants. We found indications for a higher weight status in carriers of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant in the leptin and in the leptin receptor gene compared to wt/wt, in both animal and human studies. In addition, animal studies showed higher body fat percentage in Lep and Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Animal studies provided indications for lower leptin levels in Lep wt/- vs. wt/wt and indications for higher leptin levels in Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Data on leptin levels in human studies was limited. Evidence for an impaired metabolism in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and in leptin receptor gene was not conclusive (animal and human studies). Mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin and in leptin receptor gene have phenotypic effects disposing to increased body weight and fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Koerber-Rosso
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Hoegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Rabenstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao X, He J, Zhu A, Xie K, Yan K, Jiang X, Xu Y, Li Q, Xu A, Ye D, Guo J. Modelling gestational diabetes mellitus: large animals hold great promise. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:407-420. [PMID: 33245468 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) characterized by hyperglycemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for various maternal and fetal complications. The key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its development have not been elucidated, largely due to the lack of a model that accurately simulates the major clinical and pathological features of human GDM. In this review, we discuss the refined criteria for an ideal animal model of GDM, focusing on the key clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of human GDM. We provide a comprehensive overview of different models and currently used species for GDM research. In general, insulin insufficiency consequent to pancreatic β-cell death represents the current leading strategy to mimic human GDM-like hyperglycemia in animals. Nonetheless, these models have a limited capacity to mimic the natural history of GDM, the marked alteration in circulating estrogen/ progestogen, obesity and its related metabolic complications. We discuss emerging evidence of the increased susceptibility to GDM in rodents and large animals with genetic modifications in pregnancy-related hormones. An appraisal of current GDM models suggests that a combination strategy involving dietary stress, pregnancy-related hormones, insulin resistance and metabolic disorders might enable the development of better GDM models and expedite the translation of basic research findings to GDM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Lab 406, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Room 403, 4th Floor, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greene SM, Sanchez YR, Pathapati N, Davis GN, Gould GG. Assessment of autism-relevant behaviors in C57BKS/J leptin receptor deficient mice. Horm Behav 2021; 129:104919. [PMID: 33428921 PMCID: PMC7965341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with greater autism risk in epidemiological studies. Disrupted leptin signaling may contribute to their coincidence, as it is found in both disorders. Given this we examined leptin receptor (Lepr) deficient (BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J diabetic (db)) heterozygous (db/+) mice for autism-relevant behaviors. BKS db/+ females are lean with normal blood glucose, but they develop GDM while pregnant. We hypothesized BKS db/+ offspring might exhibit physiological and behavior traits consistent with autism. Adolescent body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum corticosterone, social preferences, self-grooming, marble burying, social dominance and cognitive flexibility of BKS db/+ mice was compared to C57BLKS/J (BKS) and C57BL/6J (BL6) mice. Male db/+ weighed more and had higher blood glucose and corticosterone relative to BL6, but not BKS mice. Also, male db/+ lacked social interaction preference, explored arenas less, and buried more marbles than BL6, but not BKS males. Male and female db/+ were more dominant and made more mistakes in water T-mazes locating a sunken platform after its position was reversed than BL6, but not BKS mice. Overall BKS db/+, particularly males, exhibited some autism-like social deficits and restrictive-repetitive behaviors relative to BL6, but BKS strain contributions to BKS db/+ behaviors were evident. Since BKS db/+ and BKS behavioral and physiological phenotypes are already so similar, it will be difficult to use these models in studies designed to detect contributions of fetal GDM exposures to offspring behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Greene
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
| | - Yatzil R Sanchez
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
| | - Nikhita Pathapati
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
| | - Gianna N Davis
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clark KL, Talton OO, Ganesan S, Schulz LC, Keating AF. Developmental origins of ovarian disorder: impact of maternal lean gestational diabetes on the offspring ovarian proteome in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:771-781. [PMID: 31290541 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric disorder affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies. The four high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) mouse model emulates GDM in lean women. Dams are fed a HFHS diet 1 week prior to mating and throughout gestation resulting in inadequate insulin response to glucose in mid-late pregnancy. The offspring of HFHS dams have increased adiposity, thus, we hypothesized that maternal metabolic alterations during lean GDM would compromise ovarian function in offspring both basally and in response to a control or HFHS diet in adulthood. Briefly, DLPL were lean dams and control diet pups; DLPH were lean dams and HFHS pups; DHPL were HFHS dams and control diet pups; and DHPH were HFHS dams and HFHS pups. A HFHS challenge in the absence of maternal GDM (DLPL vs. DLPH) increased 3 and decreased 30 ovarian proteins. Maternal GDM in the absence of a dietary stress (DLPL vs. DHPL) increased abundance of 4 proteins and decreased abundance of 85 proteins in the offspring ovary. Finally, 87 proteins increased, and 4 proteins decreased in offspring ovaries due to dietary challenge and exposure to maternal GDM in utero (DLPL vs. DHPH). Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2, deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, septin 7, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 were altered across multiple offspring groups. Together, these findings suggest a possible impact on fertility and oocyte quality in relation to GDM exposure in utero as well as in response to a western diet in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Clark
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Omonseigho O Talton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oestreich AK, Onuzuriuke A, Yao X, Talton O, Wang Y, Pfeiffer FM, Schulz LC, Phillips CL. Leprdb/+ Dams Protect Wild-type Male Offspring Bone Strength from the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5850509. [PMID: 32484851 PMCID: PMC7417874 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and increases the life-long risk of developing cardiometabolic disease in adult offspring. Leptin, an adipokine, is systemically elevated in the obese milieu. We recently showed that maternal hyperleptinemia without obesity improves offspring insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance while protecting against weight gain on a high-fat, high-sugar (HFD). Here, we investigate the effect of maternal hyperleptinemia on offspring bone by using 2 independent maternal models. First, we compared wild-type (WT) offspring from severely hyperleptinemic Leprdb/+ (DB/+) dams with those from WT dams. In the second model, WT females were implanted with miniosmotic pumps that released either saline (group SAL) or leptin (group LEP; 650ng/hour) and the WT offspring were compared. At 23 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were challenged with a HFD for 8 weeks. When the offspring were 31 weeks of age, bone geometry, strength, and material properties were investigated. The HFD increased trabecular bone volume but decreased both total breaking strength and material strength of femora from the offspring of WT dams. However, male offspring of DB/+ dams were protected from the detrimental effects of a HFD, while offspring of LEP dams were not. Further material analysis revealed a modest decrease in advanced glycation end product accumulation coupled with increased collagen crosslinking in male offspring from DB/+ dams on a HFD. These data suggest that while maternal leptin may protect bone quality from the effects of a HFD, additional factors of the maternal environment controlled by leptin receptor signaling are likely also involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arin K Oestreich
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Correspondence: Arin Oestreich, Washington University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, Scott McKinley Building, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110. E-mail:
| | | | - Xiaomei Yao
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Yong Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ferris M Pfeiffer
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pollock KE, Talton OO, Schulz LC. Morphology and gene expression in mouse placentas lacking leptin receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:336-342. [PMID: 32248977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the pregnant mouse, the hormone leptin is primarily produced by adipose tissue and does not significantly cross the placenta into fetal circulation. Nonetheless, leptin treatment during gestation affects offspring phenotypes. Leptin treatment also affects placental trophoblast cells in vitro, by altering proliferation, invasion and nutrient transport. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the absence of placental leptin receptors alters placental development and gene expression. Leprdb-3j+ mice possessing only one functional copy of the leptin receptor were mated to obtain wildtype, Leprdb-3j+ and Leprdb-3j/db-3j conceptuses, which were then transferred to wildtype recipient dams. Placentas were collected at gestational d18.5 to examine placental morphology and gene expression. Placentas lacking functional leptin receptor had reduced weights, but were otherwise morphologically indistinguishable from control placentas. Relative mRNA levels, however, were altered in Leprdb-3j/db-3j placentas, particularly transcripts related to amino acid and lipid metabolism and transport. Consistent with a previous in vitro study, leptin was found to promote expression of stathmin, a positive regulator of trophoblast invasion, and of serotonin receptors, potential mediators of offspring neurological development. Overall placental leptin receptor was found not to play a significant role in morphological development of the placenta, but to regulate placental gene expression, including in metabolic pathways that affect fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Pollock
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | | | - Laura C Schulz
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Lopez-Tello J, Napso T, Yong HEJ. Exploring the causes and consequences of maternal metabolic maladaptations during pregnancy: Lessons from animal models. Placenta 2020; 98:43-51. [PMID: 33039031 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable physiological state, during which the metabolic system of the mother adapts to ensure that nutrients are made available for transfer to the fetus for growth and development. Adaptations of maternal metabolism during pregnancy are influenced by the metabolic and nutritional status of the mother and the production of endocrine factors by the placenta that exert metabolic effects. Insufficient or inappropriate adaptations in maternal metabolism during pregnancy may lead to pregnancy complications with important short- and long-term effects for both the health of the child and mother. This is very evident in gestational diabetes, which is marked by greater glucose intolerance and insulin resistance above that expected of a normal pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is associated with increased fetal weight and/or increased adiposity, higher instrumented delivery rates and greater risks for both mother and child of developing type 2 diabetes in the long-term. However, despite the negative health impacts of such metabolic imbalances during pregnancy, the precise mechanisms responsible for orchestrating these changes remain largely unknown. The present review describes the dynamic pregnancy-specific changes that occur in the metabolic system of the mother during pregnancy. It also discusses findings using surgical, pharmacological, genetic and dietary methods in experimental animals that highlight the role of pathways in maternal tissues that lead to metabolic dysfunction, with a particular focus on gestational diabetes. Finally, it summarises the work largely employing gene targeting and hormone administration in rodents that have illuminated the involvement of placental endocrine function in driving maternal metabolic adaptations. While current animal models may not fully replicate what is observed in humans, these have been instrumental in showing that there is a dynamic interplay between changes in maternal metabolic physiology and the placental production of endocrine factors that govern the availability of nutrients to the growing fetus. However, more work is required to specifically identify the placenta-driven changes in maternal metabolic physiology that ensure the appropriate level of insulin production and action during pregnancy. In doing so, these studies may pave the way to understanding the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes, as well as further our understanding of type-2 diabetes and the control of metabolic physiology more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Denisova EI, Kozhevnikova VV, Bazhan NM, Makarova EN. Sex-specific effects of leptin administration to pregnant mice on the placentae and the metabolic phenotypes of offspring. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:96-106. [PMID: 31703240 PMCID: PMC6943234 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. However, the factors within the maternal milieu which affect offspring phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The adipocyte hormone leptin plays a key role in regulating energy homeostasis and is known to participate in sex‐specific developmental programming. To examine the action of leptin on fetal growth, placental gene expression and postnatal offspring metabolism, we injected C57BL mice with leptin or saline on gestational day 12 and then measured body weights (BWs) of offspring fed on a standard or obesogenic diet, as well as mRNA expression levels of insulin‐like growth factors and glucose and amino acid transporters. Male and female offspring born to leptin‐treated mothers exhibited growth retardation before and a growth surge after weaning. Mature male offspring, but not female offspring, exhibited increased BWs on a standard diet. Leptin administration prevented the development of hyperglycaemia in the obese offspring of both sexes. The placentas of the male and female foetuses differed in size and gene expression, and leptin injection decreased the fetal weights of both sexes, the placental weights of the male foetuses and placental gene expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter in female foetuses. The data suggest that mid‐pregnancy is an ontogenetic window for the sex‐specific programming effects of leptin, and these effects may be exerted via fetal sex‐specific placental responses to leptin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Denisova
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeria V Kozhevnikova
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Bazhan
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena N Makarova
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song H, Xu Y, Yang X, Rong X, Wang Y, Wei N. Tertiary butylhydroquinone alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus in C57BL/KsJ-Lep db/+ mice by suppression of oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15310-15319. [PMID: 31050362 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy, affecting 2% to 5% of pregnant women. Currently, clinical treatment for GDM is very limited. The present study was designed to investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in a pregnant C57BL/KsJ-Lep db/+ (referred to as db+) GDM mouse model. The results showed that nonpregnant db/+ mice did not show a diabetic phenotype, and TBHQ had no effect on glucose and insulin tolerance in these mice. Moreover, in db/+ pregnant mice exhibiting typical diabetes symptoms, such as hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, TBHQ could remarkably decrease the blood glucose level, increase insulin level, and improve glucose and insulin intolerance. The results also revealed that TBHQ could inhibit oxidative stress in pregnant db/+ mice. Furthermore, TBHQ greatly improved offspring survival rate, glucose metabolism, and insulin tolerance. In addition, TBHQ inhibited oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Moreover, we found that TBHQ activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby increasing the levels of Nrf2, and ultimately upregulating the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (NO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that TBHQ alleviated GDM via Nrf2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbi Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Rong
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okamoto T, Morino K, Ugi S, Nakagawa F, Lemecha M, Ida S, Ohashi N, Sato D, Fujita Y, Maegawa H. Microbiome potentiates endurance exercise through intestinal acetate production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E956-E966. [PMID: 30860879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00510.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from dietary fiber and has specific effects on other organs. During endurance exercise, fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids are major energy substrates. However, little is known about the role of SCFAs during exercise. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics or a low microbiome-accessible carbohydrate (LMC) diet, before endurance testing on a treadmill. Two-week antibiotic treatment significantly reduced endurance capacity versus the untreated group. In the cecum acetate, propionate, and butyrate became almost undetectable in the antibiotic-treated group, plasma SCFA concentrations were lower, and the microbiome was disrupted. Similarly, 6-wk LMC treatment significantly reduced exercise capacity, and fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations. Continuous acetate but not saline infusion in antibiotic-treated mice restored their exercise capacity (P < 0.05), suggesting that plasma acetate may be an important energy substrate during endurance exercise. In addition, running time was significantly improved in LMC-fed mice by fecal microbiome transplantation from others fed a high microbiome-accessible carbohydrate diet and administered a single portion of fermentable fiber (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the microbiome can contribute to endurance exercise by producing SCFAs. Our findings provide new insight into the effects of the microbiome on systemic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
- CMIC Pharma Science, Osaka , Japan
| | - Mengistu Lemecha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Shogo Ida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Makarova EN, Denisova EI, Kozhevnikova VV, Kuleshova AE. GENDER-SPECIFIC INFLUENCE OF Aу MUTATION ON PROGENY METABOLIC PHENOTYPE, FETAL GROWTH AND PLACENTAL GENE EXPRESSION IN MICE. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in offspring. To correct the offspring development in obese mothers, it is necessary to reveal the molecular mechanisms that mediate the influence of the maternal environment on the offspring ontogenesis. Leptin levels increase with obesity. In C57Bl mice, the Ауmutation is associated with elevated blood levels of leptin in pregnant females and exerts a gender-specific effect on the metabolic phenotype of mature offspring. Aim: to study the influence of Ауmutation on sensitivity to diet-induced obesity in male and female offspring, on fetal and placental weight and on the expression of genes in the placentas of the fetuses of different sexes. Body weight and food intake on a standard and an obesogenic diet, fetal and placental weights on pregnancy days 13 and 18, and gene expression of glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3), neutral amino acid transporters (SNAT1, SNAT2, SNAT4), insulin-like growth factor 2 IGF2 and its receptor IGF2R were measured in male and female offspring of и ɑ/ɑ (control) and Ау/ɑ mothers. Aymutation influenced the body weight only in male offspring, which consumed a standard diet, and did not influence obesity development in both male and female offspring. The weight of fetuses and placentas in Ау/ɑ as compared to ɑ/ɑ females was reduced on day 13 of pregnancy and was not different on day 18. On day 13 of pregnancy, the mRNA levels of the examined genes did not differ in placentas of male and female fetuses in ɑ/ɑ females. In Ау/ɑ females, the gene expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, SNAT1 and SNAT4 was reduced in female placentas compared to male placentas. The results suggest that the sex-specific transcription response of placentas to elevated leptin levels in pregnant Ау/ɑ females can mediate the gender-specific impact of Ауmutation on the offspring metabolism in postnatal life.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pennington KA, van der Walt N, Pollock KE, Talton OO, Schulz LC. Effects of acute exposure to a high-fat, high-sucrose diet on gestational glucose tolerance and subsequent maternal health in mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:435-445. [PMID: 28203773 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric complication. Half of women who have GDM will go on to develop type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms by which this occurs requires an animal model of GDM without ongoing diabetes at conception. C57Bl/6J mice react acutely to a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) challenge. Here, we hypothesized that a periconceptional HFHS challenge will induce glucose intolerance during gestation. C57Bl/6J female mice were placed on an HFHS either 1 or 3 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, insulin measurements, and histological analysis of pancreatic islets were used to assess the impact of acute HFHS. C57Bl/6J females fed HFHS beginning 1 week prior to pregnancy became severely glucose intolerant, with reduced insulin response to glucose, and decreased pancreatic islet expansion during pregnancy compared to control mice. These GDM characteristics did not occur when the HFHS diet was started 3 weeks prior to mating, suggesting the importance of acute metabolic stress. Additionally, HFHS feeding resulted in only mild insulin resistance in nonpregnant females. When the diet was discontinued at parturition, symptoms resolved within 3 weeks. However, mice that experienced glucose intolerance in pregnancy became glucose intolerant more readily in response to a HFHS challenge later in life than congenic females that experienced a normal pregnancy, or that were fed the same diet outside of pregnancy. Thus, acute HFHS challenge in C57Bl/6 mice results in a novel, nonobese, animal model that recapitulates the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes following GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Pennington
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicola van der Walt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly E Pollock
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Omonseigho O Talton
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Any effective strategy to tackle the global obesity and rising noncommunicable disease epidemic requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these conditions that manifest as a consequence of complex gene-environment interactions. In this context, it is now well established that alterations in the early life environment, including suboptimal nutrition, can result in an increased risk for a range of metabolic, cardiovascular, and behavioral disorders in later life, a process preferentially termed developmental programming. To date, most of the mechanistic knowledge around the processes underpinning development programming has been derived from preclinical research performed mostly, but not exclusively, in laboratory mouse and rat strains. This review will cover the utility of small animal models in developmental programming, the limitations of such models, and potential future directions that are required to fully maximize information derived from preclinical models in order to effectively translate to clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Absence of a gestational diabetes phenotype in the LepRdb/+ mouse is independent of control strain, diet, misty allele, or parity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45130. [PMID: 28338021 PMCID: PMC5364537 DOI: 10.1038/srep45130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for gestational diabetes (GDM) are limited. In order to better understand mechanisms and improve treatments, appropriate animal models of GDM are crucial. Heterozygous db mice (db/+) present with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased weight gain during, but not prior to, pregnancy. This makes them an ideal model for GDM. However, several recent studies have reported an absence of GDM phenotype in their colony. We investigated several hypotheses for why the phenotype may be absent, with the aim of re-establishing it and preventing further resources being wasted on an ineffective model. Experiments were carried out across two laboratories in two countries (New Zealand and China), and were designed to assess type of control strain, diet, presence of the misty allele, and parity as potential contributors to the lost phenotype. While hyperleptinemia and pre-pregnancy weight gain were present in all db/+mice across the four studies, we found no consistent evidence of glucose intolerance or insulin resistance during pregnancy. In conclusion, we were unable to acquire the GDM phenotype in any of our experiments, and we recommend researchers do not use the db/+ mouse as a model of GDM unless they are certain the phenotype remains in their colony.
Collapse
|
17
|
The Effects of Myo-Inositol and B and D Vitamin Supplementation in the db/+ Mouse Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020141. [PMID: 28212289 PMCID: PMC5331572 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing concern, affecting an increasing number of pregnant women worldwide. By predisposing both the affected mothers and children to future disease, GDM contributes to an intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes. In order to stop this cycle, safe and effective treatments for GDM are required. This study sought to determine the treatment effects of dietary supplementation with myo-inositol (MI) and vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D in a mouse model of GDM (pregnant db/+ dams). In addition, the individual effects of vitamin B2 were examined. Suboptimal B2 increased body weight and fat deposition, decreased GLUT4 adipose tissue expression, and increased expression of inflammatory markers. MI supplementation reduced weight and fat deposition, and reduced expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of mice on suboptimal B2. MI also significantly reduced the hyperleptinemia observed in db/+ mice, when combined with supplemented B2. MI was generally associated with adipose tissue markers of improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, while the combination of vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D was associated with a reduction in adipose inflammatory marker expression. These results suggest that supplementation with MI and vitamin B2 could be beneficial for the treatment/prevention of GDM.
Collapse
|
18
|
Silva C, Nunes C, Correia-Branco A, Araújo JR, Martel F. Insulin Exhibits an Antiproliferative and Hypertrophic Effect in First Trimester Human Extravillous Trophoblasts. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:582-594. [PMID: 27662903 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effect of high levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, biomarkers of diabetes in pregnancy, in the process of placentation, using as a cell model a first trimester extravillous human trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo cells). Exposure of HTR8/SVneo cells for 24 hours to either glucose (20 mmol/L) or leptin (25-100 ng/mL) did not cause significant changes in cell proliferation and viability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (24 hours; 10-100 ng/L) caused a small decrease (10%) in cell proliferation and an increase (9%) in cell viability; however, both effects disappeared when exposure time was increased. Insulin (24 hours; 1-10 nmol/L) caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease (10%-20%) in cell proliferation; the effect of insulin (10 nmol/L) was more pronounced after a 48 hours exposure (35%). In contrast, exposure to insulin (10 nmol/L; 48 hours) showed no significant effect on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration capacity. Insulin appears to cause hypertrophy of HTR8/SVneo cells as it reduces the cell mitotic index while increasing the culture protein content. The antiproliferative effect of insulin seems to involve activation of mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Finally, simvastatin and the polyphenol quercetin potentiated the antiproliferative effect of insulin; on the contrary, the polyphenol resveratrol, the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and folic acid were not able to change it. In conclusion, we show that insulin has an antiproliferative and hypertrophic effect on a first trimester extravillous human trophoblast cell line. So insulin might affect the process of placentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nunes
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Araújo
- 3 Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fátima Martel
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,2 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Talton OO, Pennington KA, Pollock KE, Bates K, Ma L, Ellersieck MR, Schulz LC. Maternal Hyperleptinemia Improves Offspring Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2636-48. [PMID: 27145007 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are prevalent worldwide. Offspring of mothers with these conditions weigh more and are predisposed to metabolic syndrome. A hallmark of both conditions is maternal hyperleptinemia, but the role of elevated leptin levels during pregnancy on developmental programming is largely unknown. We previously found that offspring of hyperleptinemic mothers weighed less and had increased activity. The goal of this study was to determine whether maternal leptin affects offspring insulin sensitivity by investigating offspring glucose metabolism and lipid accumulation. Offspring from two maternal hyperleptinemic models were compared. The first model of hyperleptinemia is the Lepr(db/+) mouse, which has a mutation in one copy of the gene that encodes the leptin receptor, resulting in a truncated long form of the receptor, and hyperleptinemia. Wild-type females served as the control for the Lepr(db/+) females. For the second hyperleptinemic model, wild-type females were implanted with miniosmotic pumps, which released leptin (350 ng/h) or saline (as the control) just prior to mating and throughout gestation. In the offspring of these dams, we measured glucose tolerance; serum leptin, insulin, and triglyceride levels; liver triglycerides; pancreatic α- and β-cell numbers; body composition; incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; and the expression of key metabolic genes in the liver and adipose tissue. We found that the offspring of hyperleptinemic dams exhibited improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin and leptin concentrations, reduced liver triglycerides, and a lower incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Overall, maternal hyperleptinemia was beneficial for offspring glucose and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omonseigho O Talton
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Kathleen A Pennington
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Kelly E Pollock
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Keenan Bates
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Lixin Ma
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health (O.O.T., K.A.P., K.E.P., K.B., L.C.S.) and Radiology (L.M.) and Divisions of Biological Sciences (O.O.T., K.B., L.C.S.) and Animal Sciences (K.E.P., M.R.E., L.C.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212; and Biomolecular Imaging Center (L.M.), Harry S. Truman Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pennington KA, Ramirez-Perez FI, Pollock KE, Talton OO, Foote CA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Wu HH, Ji T, Martinez-Lemus LA, Schulz LC. Maternal Hyperleptinemia Is Associated with Male Offspring's Altered Vascular Function and Structure in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155377. [PMID: 27187080 PMCID: PMC4871503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Children of mothers with gestational diabetes have greater risk of developing hypertension but little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that high maternal concentrations of leptin during pregnancy, which are present in mothers with gestational diabetes and/or obesity, alter blood pressure, vascular structure and vascular function in offspring. Wildtype (WT) offspring of hyperleptinemic, normoglycemic, Leprdb/+ dams were compared to genotype matched offspring of WT-control dams. Vascular function was assessed in male offspring at 6, and at 31 weeks of age after half the offspring had been fed a high fat, high sucrose diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was increased by HFD but not affected by maternal hyperleptinemia. On a standard diet, offspring of hyperleptinemic dams had outwardly remodeled mesenteric arteries and an enhanced vasodilatory response to insulin. In offspring of WT but not Leprdb/+ dams, HFD induced vessel hypertrophy and enhanced vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine, while HFD reduced insulin responsiveness in offspring of hyperleptinemic dams. Offspring of hyperleptinemic dams had stiffer arteries regardless of diet. Therefore, while maternal hyperleptinemia was largely beneficial to offspring vascular health under a standard diet, it had detrimental effects in offspring fed HFD. These results suggest that circulating maternal leptin concentrations may interact with other factors in the pre- and post -natal environments to contribute to altered vascular function in offspring of diabetic pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Pennington
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Francisco I. Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kelly E. Pollock
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Omonseigho O. Talton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Ho-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tieming Ji
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LAM); (LCS)
| | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LAM); (LCS)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DiSilvestro DJ, Melgar-Bermudez E, Yasmeen R, Fadda P, Lee LJ, Kalyanasundaram A, Gilor CL, Ziouzenkova O. Leptin Production by Encapsulated Adipocytes Increases Brown Fat, Decreases Resistin, and Improves Glucose Intolerance in Obese Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153198. [PMID: 27055280 PMCID: PMC4824514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroendocrine effects of leptin on metabolism hold promise to be translated into a complementary therapy to traditional insulin therapy for diabetes and obesity. However, injections of leptin can provoke inflammation. We tested the effects of leptin, produced in the physiological adipocyte location, on metabolism in mouse models of genetic and dietary obesity. We generated 3T3-L1 adipocytes constitutively secreting leptin and encapsulated them in a poly-L-lysine membrane, which protects the cells from immune rejection. Ob/ob mice (OB) were injected with capsules containing no cells (empty, OB[Emp]), adipocytes (OB[3T3]), or adipocytes overexpressing leptin (OB[Lep]) into both visceral fat depots. Leptin was found in the plasma of OB[Lep], but not OB[Emp] and OB[3T3] mice at the end of treatment (72 days). The OB[Lep] and OB[3T3] mice have transiently suppressed appetite and weight loss compared to OB[Emp]. Only OB[Lep] mice have greater brown fat mass, metabolic rate, and reduced resistin plasma levels compared to OB[Emp]. Glucose tolerance was markedly better in OB[Lep]vs. OB[Emp] and OB[3T3] mice as well as in wild type mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance treated with encapsulated leptin-producing adipocytes. Our proof-of-principle study provides evidence of long-term improvement of glucose tolerance with encapsulated adipocytes producing leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. DiSilvestro
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Emiliano Melgar-Bermudez
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Rumana Yasmeen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - L. James Lee
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Chen L. Gilor
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eclarinal JD, Zhu S, Baker MS, Piyarathna DB, Coarfa C, Fiorotto ML, Waterland RA. Maternal exercise during pregnancy promotes physical activity in adult offspring. FASEB J 2016; 30:2541-8. [PMID: 27033262 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous rodent studies have shown that maternal voluntary exercise during pregnancy leads to metabolic changes in adult offspring. We set out to test whether maternal voluntary exercise during pregnancy also induces persistent changes in voluntary physical activity in the offspring. Adult C57BL/6J female mice were randomly assigned to be caged with an unlocked (U) or locked (L) running wheel before and during pregnancy. Maternal running behavior was monitored during pregnancy, and body weight, body composition, food intake, energy expenditure, total cage activity, and running wheel activity were measured in the offspring at various ages. U offspring were slightly heavier at birth, but no group differences in body weight or composition were observed at later ages (when mice were caged without access to running wheels). Consistent with our hypothesis, U offspring were more physically active as adults. This effect was observed earlier in female offspring (at sexual maturation). Remarkably, at 300 d of age, U females achieved greater fat loss in response to a 3-wk voluntary exercise program. Our findings show for the first time that maternal physical activity during pregnancy affects the offspring's lifelong propensity for physical activity and may have important implications for combating the worldwide epidemic of physical inactivity and obesity.-Eclarinal, J. D., Zhu, S., Baker, M. S., Piyarathna, D. B., Coarfa, C., Fiorotto, M. L., Waterland, R. A. Maternal exercise during pregnancy promotes physical activity in adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Eclarinal
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaoyu Zhu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria S Baker
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA; and
| | - Marta L Fiorotto
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Waterland
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|