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Ye M, Reyes Palomares A, Iwarsson E, Oberg AS, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA. Imprinting disorders in children conceived with assisted reproductive technology in Sweden. Fertil Steril 2024; 122:706-714. [PMID: 38825304 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) therapy for conception is associated with imprinting disorders in children and the impact of parental factors related to infertility. DESIGN A nationwide register-based cohort study. SETTING Swedish national registers and nationwide quality IVF register. PATIENT(S) All liveborn singletons in Sweden (N = 2,084,127) between 1997 and 2017 with follow-up to December 31, 2018. INTERVENTION(S) The use of specific methods implemented in ART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The International Classification of Diseases version 10 was used to identify three distinct imprinting disorder groups: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), as well as central precocious puberty. The Cox model combined with inverse probability treatment weights was used to estimate the weighted hazard ratio (wHR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), accounting for multiple confounders. RESULT(S) A total of 1,044 children were diagnosed with the disorders of interest, and 52 of them were conceived using ART therapy. The overall risk of being diagnosed with any of the studied imprinting disorders was elevated in children conceived using ART therapy compared with all other children (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.38-2.45). After adjusting for parental background factors, the association was partially attenuated (wHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.97-2.32), but remained in the weighted comparison restricted to children of couples with known infertility (wHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.21). For the specific diagnoses of PWS/SRS, and BWS compared with children of couples with known infertility, children conceived with ART therapy showed a small excess risk, which could not be distinguished from the null (wHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.93-2.62 and 1.80; 95% CI, 0.99-3.28, respectively). Further subgroup analysis showed that the combined use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cryopreserved embryos was associated with a higher risk of both PWS/SRS (wHR, 4.60; 95% CI, 1.72-12.28) and BWS (wHR, 6.69; 95% CI, 2.09-21.45). The number of central precocious puberty cases in children conceived using ART therapy was too small (N = 3) to make any meaningful inference. CONCLUSION(S) The combined use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cryopreserved embryos was associated with small elevated risks of PWS/SRS, and BWS in children, independent of parental factors related to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujin Ye
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Iwarsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna S Oberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Gynecology and Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cherayil BJ, Jain N. From Womb to World: Exploring the Immunological Connections between Mother and Child. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:552-562. [PMID: 39172025 PMCID: PMC11374749 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mother and child are immunologically interconnected by mechanisms that we are only beginning to understand. During pregnancy, multiple molecular and cellular factors of maternal origin are transferred across the placenta and influence the development and function of the fetal and newborn immune system. Altered maternal immune states arising from pregnancy-associated infections or immunizations have the potential to program offspring immune function in ways that may have long-term health consequences. In this study, we review current literature on the impact of prenatal infection and vaccination on the developing immune system, highlight knowledge gaps, and look to the horizon to envision maternal interventions that could benefit both the mother and her child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby J Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General for Children, Charlestown, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nitya Jain
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General for Children, Charlestown, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA
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Chen H, Luo S, Deng X, Li S, Mao Y, Yan J, Cheng Y, Liu X, Pan J, Huang H. Pre-eclamptic foetal programming predisposes offspring to hepatic steatosis via DNA methylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167189. [PMID: 38648899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gamete and embryo-foetal origins of adult diseases hypothesis proposes that adulthood chronic disorders are associated with adverse foetal and early life traits. Our study aimed to characterise developmental changes and underlying mechanisms of metabolic disorders in offspring of pre-eclampsia (PE) programmed pregnancy. METHODS Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced pre-eclampsia-like C57BL/6J mouse model was used. Lipid profiling, histological morphology, indirect calorimetry, mRNA sequencing, and pyrosequencing were performed on PE offspring of both young and elderly ages. RESULTS PE offspring exhibited increased postnatal weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, enlarged adipocytes, and impaired energy balance that continued to adulthood. Integrated RNA sequencing of foetal and 52-week-old livers revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, including glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase 3 (Gpat3), a key enzyme for de novo synthesis of triglycerides (TG), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (Cpt1a), a key transmembrane enzyme that mediates fatty acid degradation. Pyrosequencing of livers from PE offspring identified hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions in Gpat3 and Cpt1a promoters, which were associated with upregulated and downregulated expressions of Gpat3 and Cpt1a, respectively. These epigenetic alterations are persistent and consistent from the foetal stage to adulthood in PE offspring. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a methylation-mediated epigenetic mechanism for PE-induced intergenerational lipid accumulation, impaired energy balance and obesity in offspring, and indicate the potential benefits of early interventions in offspring exposed to maternal PE to reduce their susceptibility to metabolic disorder in their later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixi Chen
- The International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai 200000, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiuyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200000, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Yiting Mao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xia Liu
- The International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiexue Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai 200011, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Zhang S, Luo Q, Meng R, Yan J, Wu Y, Huang H. Long-term health risk of offspring born from assisted reproductive technologies. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:527-550. [PMID: 38146031 PMCID: PMC10957847 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the world's first in vitro fertilization baby was born in 1978, there have been more than 8 million children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) worldwide, and a significant proportion of them have reached puberty or young adulthood. Many studies have found that ART increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, small size for gestational age, perinatal mortality, and congenital anomalies. However, data regarding the long-term outcomes of ART offspring are limited. According to the developmental origins of health and disease theory, adverse environments during early life stages may induce adaptive changes and subsequently result in an increased risk of diseases in later life. Increasing evidence also suggests that ART offspring are predisposed to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, such as malignancies, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the risks for long-term health in ART offspring, discuss the underlying mechanisms, including underlying parental infertility, epigenetic alterations, non-physiological hormone levels, and placental dysfunction, and propose potential strategies to optimize the management of ART and health care of parents and children to eliminate the associated risks. Further ongoing follow-up and research are warranted to determine the effects of ART on the long-term health of ART offspring in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qinyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyu Meng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Research Unit of Embryo Original Diseases (No. 2019RU056), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, No. 419, Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Unit of Embryo Original Diseases (No. 2019RU056), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Chen Y, Qu H, Li X, Wang H. Effects of amoxicillin exposure at different stages, doses and courses of pregnancy on adrenal development in fetal mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113754. [PMID: 37001632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are usually treated with amoxicillin before cesarean section to prevent infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of amoxicillin exposure on fetal adrenal development at different stages, doses and courses of pregnancy. We found prenatal amoxicillin exposure (PAmE) could cause adrenal developmental toxicity in both male and female fetal mice in a stage, dose and course-dependent manner, among which the third trimester, high dose and multiple courses of PAmE could significantly reduce the maximum cross-sectional area and diameter. Besides, the proliferation was inhibited, the apoptosis was enhanced, and the serum corticosterone level and expression of steroidogenic enzymes were decreased in the PAmE group. Further, the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway were inhibited in the male and female fetal mice at the third trimester, high dose and multiple courses of treatment, and adrenal IGF1 expression was positively correlated with the indicators of adrenal development. In conclusion, PAmE could induce adrenal dysplasia in fetal mice in the stage, dose and course-dependent manner, which was related to the inhibition of IGF1 signaling pathway. This study provides guidance for evaluating the toxicity and risk of fetal adrenal development and the rational use of amoxicillin during pregnancy.
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Wang H, Zhou C, Gu S, Sun Y. Surrogate fostering of mice prevents prenatal estradiol-induced insulin resistance via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1050352. [PMID: 36699605 PMCID: PMC9868306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal and early postnatal development are known to influence future health. We previously reported that prenatal high estradiol (HE) exposure induces insulin resistance in male mice by disrupting hypothalamus development. Because a foster dam can modify a pup's gut microbiota and affect its health later in life, we explored whether surrogate fostering could also influence glucose metabolism in HE offspring and examined mechanisms that might be involved. Methods We performed a surrogate fostering experiment in mice and examined the relationship between the metabolic markers associated to insulin resistance and the composition of the gut microbiota. Results HE pups raised by HE foster dams (HE-HE) developed insulin resistance, but HE pups fostered by negative control dams (NC-HE) did not. The gut microbiota composition of HE-HE mice differed from that of NC mice raised by NC foster dams (NC-NC), whereas the composition in NC-HE mice was similar to that of NC-NC mice. Compared with NC-NC mice, HE-HE mice had decreased levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids and serum intestinal hormones, increased food intake, and increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression. In contrast, none of these indices differed between NC-HE and NC-NC mice. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the altered gut microbiota composition and the insulin resistance-related metabolic indicators, indicating involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Discussion Our findings suggest that alterations in the early growth environment may prevent fetal-programmed glucose metabolic disorder via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These findings offer direction for development of translational solutions for adult diseases associated with aberrant microbial communities in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Gu
- Department of Science and Technology Research, Shanghai Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yun Sun, ✉
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7
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Cao X, Zhu L, Qi R, Wang X, Sun G, Ying Y, Chen R, Li X, Gao L. Effect of a High Estrogen Level in Early Pregnancy on the Development and Behavior of Marmoset Offspring. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36175-36183. [PMID: 36278046 PMCID: PMC9583300 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has risen steadily worldwide over the past 3 decades and helps many infertile families. However, ART treatments lead to an abnormal internal environment in the uterus, which may increase the risks of health problems for the offspring. Higher maternal estradiol (E2) is a notable feature in women who use ART treatments, and this has been suggested as a key factor for the risk of diseases in the offspring. In the current study, we have established a marmoset model with a high E2 level in early pregnancy to examine its potential risk to the development and behavior of the offspring. In comparison with the normal group, babies of the high E2 group exhibited lower average survival rates and birth weights. However, those who survived in the high E2 group demonstrated normal vocal production with rich call repertoires, normal speed during locomotion, and normal behaviors in the home cage. In contrast to the normal group, surviving babies of the high E2 group spent more time sleeping during development without signs of sleep disorders. In summary, our study revealed that high estrogen in early pregnancy may cause low survival rates and birth weights of the offspring, though the surviving infants did not show obvious behavioral deficiencies during development. The current study is a valuable and highly important non-human primate study for evaluating the safety of ART treatments. However, it is worth noting that some results did not reach the significant level, which may be due to the small sample size caused by animal shortage stemming from the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cao
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Runze Qi
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College
of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanglong Sun
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yue Ying
- Key
Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department
of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department
of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- NHC
and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science
Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of
Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department
of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary
Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- NHC
and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science
Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of
Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College
of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Chen Y, Duan F, Liu L, Chen G, He Z, Huang H, Wang H. Sex differences and heritability of adrenal steroidogenesis in offspring rats induced by prenatal nicotine exposure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106102. [PMID: 35367371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological investigation has suggested prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induces multiorgan developmental toxicity and increases the risk of metabolic diseases in offspring. Our previous study found that the occurrence of fetal-originated diseases was associated with abnormal adrenal development in offspring. However, the long-term harmful effects on adrenal development in offspring induced by PNE remain unclear. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with nicotine (2 mg/kg·d) from gestation day (GD) 9 to GD20 to obtain the adrenal gland from fetal and adult offspring rats of F1 and F2 generations. We found that the adrenal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway and steroidogenic function were increased in male while decreased in female of PNE fetal rats, which could extend into adulthood. Furthermore, the primary adrenal cells of fetal rats were treated with nicotine to observe the phenomena and clarify the possible mechanism of the sex difference. The results suggested that there are sex differences in IGF1 signaling pathway and steroidogenic function induced by PNE, which may be associated with sex differences in nAChRβ1 expression. In addition, the adrenal steroidogenic function was reduced in F2 offspring of F1 PNE female rats (regardless of mating with control or Male PNE rats). Therefore, the decrease of adrenal steroidogenic function in female offspring rats induced by PNE has maternal heritability. In conclusion, PNE could lead to sex differences and heritability of adrenal steroidogenic function in offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hegui Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Feng W, Zhang D, Fu L, Hu J, Gao S, Song X, Cui L. Temporary Increased LDL-C in Offspring with Extreme Elevation of Maternal Preconception Estradiol: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:453-462. [PMID: 35418784 PMCID: PMC9001024 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s358999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of maternal estradiol (E2) elevation on long-term metabolic manifestations in the offspring. Study Design and Setting This was a retrospective cohort study. Overall, 3690 children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between July 2014 and December 2017 were recruited and divided into four groups categorized by maternal E2 quartiles (Q1, <2420; Q2, 2420–3839; Q3, 3839–5599; and Q4, ≥5599 pg/mL). The metabolic profiles were measured during childhood. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between maternal E2 elevation and metabolic phenotypes of the offspring. Results Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly higher in the highest quartile group than in the lowest quartile group during infancy (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]): 0.11 [0.02, 0.20], P = 0.005), but the difference disappeared in the later childhood phase. In children born after fresh embryo transfer, LDL-C showed an increasing trend with the increase in maternal E2 level (adjusted mean difference [95% CI]: Q2 vs Q1, −0.01 [−0.11, 0.08], Q3 vs Q1, 0.06 [−0.04, 0.15], Q4 vs Q1, 0.10 [0, 0.20]). Other metabolic variables were comparable across increasing quartiles of maternal E2 levels. Conclusion This study demonstrates a temporary increase in LDL-C levels in infants with higher levels of maternal preconception E2 levels. However, the long-term safety of hyperestrogens after ovarian stimulation in the next generation is favorable. The mechanism underlying the transiently increased metabolic dysfunction risk in infants conceived by IVF/ICSI requires investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbing Feng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Linlin Cui; Xiaocui Song, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 157, Jingliu Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, 250001, Tel +86 531 85651598, Fax +86 531 87068226, Email ;
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10
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Yu P, Chen Y, Ge C, Wang H. Sexual dimorphism in placental development and its contribution to health and diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:555-570. [PMID: 34666604 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1977237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD), intrauterine exposure to adverse environments can affect fetus and birth outcomes and lead to long-term disease susceptibility. Evidence has shown that neonatal outcomes and the timing and severity of adult diseases are sexually dimorphic. As the link between mother and fetus, the placenta is an essential regulator of fetal development programming. It is found that the physiological development trajectory of the placenta has sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, under pathological conditions, the placental function undergoes sex-specific adaptation to ensure fetal survival. Therefore, the placenta may be an important mediator of sexual dimorphism in neonatal outcomes and adult disease susceptibility. Few systematic reviews have been conducted on sexual dimorphism in placental development and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, sex chromosomes and sex hormones, as the main reasons for sexual differentiation of the placenta, will be discussed. Besides, in the etiology of fetal-originated adult diseases, overexposure to glucocorticoids is closely related to adverse neonatal outcomes and long-term disease susceptibility. Studies have found that prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure leads to sexually dimorphic expression of placental glucocorticoid receptor isoforms, resulting in different sensitivity of the placenta to glucocorticoids, and may further affect fetal development. The present review examines what is currently known about sex differences in placental development and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of this sex bias. This review highlights the importance of placental contributions to the origins of sexual dimorphism in health and diseases. It may help develop personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies for fetal development in pathological pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyun Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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11
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Zhu YX, Zhou YC, Zhang Y, Sun P, Chang XA, Han X. Protocol for in vivo and ex vivo assessments of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse islet β cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100728. [PMID: 34409308 PMCID: PMC8361272 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β cells secrete insulin in a biphasic manner when sensing high blood glucose level. This protocol describes the evaluation of different phases of insulin secretion, as well as basal, glucose-stimulated and total insulin secretion abilities, thereby enabling precise assessment of β cell function both in vivo and ex vivo. The in vivo assay consists of intravenous tube imbedding surgery and hyperglycemic clamp. The ex vivo assay consists of islet isolation, dynamic perfusion and static immersion. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sun et al. (2021). Glucose-stimulated biphasic insulin secretion (GSIS) in mouse islet β cells Optimized and detailed tube embedding surgery for in vivo GSIS assay Careful islet isolation and verification is essential for ex vivo GSIS assay Adaptable procedure to monitor both human and murine islet β-cell function ex vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yun-Cai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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12
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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13
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Wang H, Zhou C, Hou M, Huang H, Sun Y. Neurogenesis Potential Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Hypothalamic Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells With Prenatal High Estradiol Exposure. Front Genet 2021; 12:677935. [PMID: 34239542 PMCID: PMC8258253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.677935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High maternal estradiol is reported to induce metabolic disorders by modulating hypothalamic gene expression in offspring. Since neurogenesis plays a crucial role during hypothalamus development, we explored whether prenatal high estradiol exposure (HE) affects proliferation and differentiation of fetal hypothalamic neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) in mice and performed RNA sequencing to identify the critical genes involved. NSC/NPCs in HE mice presented attenuated cell proliferation but increased neuronal differentiation in vitro compared with control (NC) cells. Gene set enrichment analysis of mRNA profiles indicated that genes downregulated in HE NSC/NPCs were enriched in neurogenesis-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms, while genes upregulated in HE NSC/NPCs were enriched in response to estradiol. Protein-protein interaction analysis of genes with core enrichment in GO terms of neurogenesis and response to estradiol identified 10 Hub mRNAs, among which three were potentially correlated with six differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs based on lncRNA profiling and co-expression analysis. These findings offer important insights into developmental modifications in hypothalamic NSC/NPCs and may provide new clues for further investigation on maternal environment programmed neural development disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Hou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Animal Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Rolon S, Huynh C, Guenther M, Gardezi M, Phillips J, Gehrand AL, Raff H. Insulin and glucose responses to hypoxia in male and female neonatal rats: Effects of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14663. [PMID: 33393733 PMCID: PMC7780235 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is common with preterm birth and may lead to long-term effects on adult pancreatic endocrine function and insulin sensitivity. This phenomenon may be sexually dimorphic due to the hypoxia-induced augmentation of the neonatal androgen surge in male newborns. We evaluated this phenomenon by pretreating neonatal rats on postnatal days (PD) 1, 6, 13, or 20 with flutamide (a nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist) at a standard or a high dose (10 or 50 mg/kg) compared to vehicle control. One day later, neonatal rats were exposed to either acute normoxic or hypoxic separation (fasting) for 90 min, and blood was sampled for the measurement of insulin and glucose and the calculation of HOMA-IR as an index of insulin resistance. During normoxic and hypoxic separation (fasting), flutamide increased insulin secretion in PD2, PD7, and PD14 pups, high dose flutamide attenuated insulin secretion, and high dose flutamide attenuated the increase in HOMA-IR due to hypoxia. Our studies suggest a unique role of the androgen receptor in the control of neonatal pancreatic function, possibly by blocking a direct effect of neonatal testosterone or in response to indirect regulatory effects of androgens on insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rolon
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Christine Huynh
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Maya Guenther
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Minhal Gardezi
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Ashley L. Gehrand
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Endocrine Research LaboratoryAurora St. Luke's Medical CenterAdvocate Aurora Research InstituteMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
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15
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Puttabyatappa M, Sargis RM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming of insulin resistance: are androgens the culprits? J Endocrinol 2020; 245:R23-R48. [PMID: 32240982 PMCID: PMC7219571 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a common feature of many metabolic disorders. The dramatic rise in the incidence of insulin resistance over the past decade has enhanced focus on its developmental origins. Since various developmental insults ranging from maternal disease, stress, over/undernutrition, and exposure to environmental chemicals can all program the development of insulin resistance, common mechanisms may be involved. This review discusses the possibility that increases in maternal androgens associated with these various insults are key mediators in programming insulin resistance. Additionally, the intermediaries through which androgens misprogram tissue insulin sensitivity, such as changes in inflammatory, oxidative, and lipotoxic states, epigenetic, gut microbiome and insulin, as well as data gaps to be filled are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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16
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Sievers W, Rathner JA, Kettle C, Zacharias A, Irving HR, Green RA. The capacity for oestrogen to influence obesity through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:592-602. [PMID: 31890250 PMCID: PMC6934433 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to aid weight loss have historically targeted either appetite suppression or increased metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the capacity to expend energy in a futile cycle, thus increasing basal metabolic rate. In animal models, oestrogen has been implicated in the regulation of body weight, and it is hypothesized that oestrogen is acting by modulating BAT metabolism. A systematic search was performed, to identify research articles implementing in vivo oestrogen-related interventions and reporting outcome measures that provide direct or indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available. The final library of 67 articles were predominantly in rodent models and provided mostly indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Results of this review found that oestrogen's effects on body weight, in rats and possibly mice, are likely facilitated by both metabolic and appetitive mechanisms but are largely only found in ovariectomized models. There is a need for further studies to clarify the potential effects of oestrogen on BAT metabolism in gonad-intact and castrated male animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
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17
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Santen RJ, Simpson E. History of Estrogen: Its Purification, Structure, Synthesis, Biologic Actions, and Clinical Implications. Endocrinology 2019; 160:605-625. [PMID: 30566601 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes key points from the Clark Sawin Memorial Lecture on the History of Estrogen delivered at Endo 2018 and focuses on the rationales and motivation leading to various discoveries and their clinical applications. During the classical period of antiquity, incisive clinical observations uncovered important findings; however, extensive anatomical dissections to solidify proof were generally lacking. Initiation of the experimental approach followed later, influenced by Claude Bernard's treatise "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine." With this approach, investigators began to explore the function of the ovaries and their "internal secretions" and, after intensive investigations for several years, purified various estrogens. Clinical therapies for hot flashes, osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea were quickly developed and, later, methods of hormonal contraception. Sophisticated biochemical methods revealed the mechanisms of estrogen synthesis through the enzyme aromatase and, after discovery of the estrogen receptors, their specific biologic actions. Molecular techniques facilitated understanding of the specific transcriptional and translational events requiring estrogen. This body of knowledge led to methods to prevent and treat hormone-dependent neoplasms as well as a variety of other estrogen-related conditions. More recently, the role of estrogen in men was uncovered by prismatic examples of estrogen deficiency in male patients and by knockout of the estrogen receptor and aromatase in animals. As studies became more extensive, the effects of estrogen on nearly every organ were described. We conclude that the history of estrogen illustrates the role of intellectual reasoning, motivation, and serendipity in advancing knowledge about this important sex steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Santen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Evan Simpson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Yu DQ, Lv PP, Yan YS, Xu GX, Sadhukhan A, Dong S, Shen Y, Ren J, Zhang XY, Feng C, Huang YT, Tian S, Zhou Y, Cai YT, Ming ZH, Ding GL, Zhu H, Sheng JZ, Jin M, Huang HF. Intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia retards the development of brown adipose tissue. FASEB J 2019; 33:5425-5439. [PMID: 30759346 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801818r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an exclusive tissue of nonshivering thermogenesis. It is fueled by lipids and glucose and involved in energy and metabolic homeostasis. Intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia during gestational diabetes mellitus may result in abnormal fetal development and metabolic phenotypes in adulthood. However, whether intrauterine hyperglycemia influences the development of BAT is unknown. In this study, mouse embryos were exposed to the intrauterine hyperglycemia environment by injecting streptozocin into pregnant mice at 1 d post coitum (dpc). The structure of BAT was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The glucose uptake in BAT was measured in vivo by [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-micro-positron emission tomography. The gene expression in BAT was determined by real-time PCR, and the 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' site-specific methylation was quantitatively analyzed. Intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure resulted in the impaired structure of BAT and decreased glucose uptake function in BAT in adulthood. The expressions of the genes involved in thermogenesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain in BAT, such as Ucp1, Cox5b, and Elovl3, were down-regulated by intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure at 18.5 dpc and at 16 wk of age. Furthermore, higher methylation levels of Ucp1, Cox5b, and Elovl3 were found in offspring of mothers with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Our results provide the evidence for enduring inhibitory effects of intrauterine hyperglycemia on BAT development in offspring. Intrauterine hyperglycemia is associated with increased DNA methylation of the BAT specific genes in offspring, which support an epigenetic involvement.-Yu, D.-Q., Lv, P.-P., Yan, Y.-S., Xu, G.-X., Sadhukhan, A., Dong, S., Shen, Y., Ren, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Feng, C., Huang, Y.-T., Tian, S., Zhou, Y., Cai, Y.-T., Ming, Z.-H., Ding, G.-L., Zhu, H., Sheng, J.-Z., Jin, M., Huang, H.-F. Intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia retards the development of brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qing Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Ping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Xin Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Annapurna Sadhukhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ming
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Lian Ding
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Min Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zou K, Ding G, Huang H. Advances in research into gamete and embryo-fetal origins of adult diseases. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:360-368. [PMID: 30685828 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fetal and infant origins of adult disease hypothesis proposed that the roots of adult chronic disease lie in the effects of adverse environments in fetal life and early infancy. In addition to the fetal period, fertilization and early embryonic stages, the critical time windows of epigenetic reprogramming, rapid cell differentiation and organogenesis, are the most sensitive stages to environmental disturbances. Compared with embryo and fetal development, gametogenesis and maturation take decades and are more vulnerable to potential damage for a longer exposure period. Therefore, we should shift the focus of adult disease occurrence and pathogenesis further back to gametogenesis and embryonic development events, which may result in intergenerational, even transgenerational, epigenetic re-programming with transmission of adverse traits and characteristics to offspring. Here, we focus on the research progress relating to diseases that originated from events in the gametes and early embryos and the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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The forty years of medical genetics in China. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:569-582. [PMID: 30459119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medical genetics is the newest cutting-edge discipline that focuses on solving medical problems using genetics knowledge and methods. In China, medical genetics research activities initiated from a poor inner basis but a prosperous outer environment. During the 40 years of reform and opening-up policy, Chinese scientists contributed significantly in the field of medical genetics, garnering considerable attention worldwide. In this review, we highlight the significant findings and/or results discovered by Chinese scientists in monogenic diseases, complex diseases, cancer, genetic diagnosis, as well as gene manipulation and gene therapy. Due to these achievements, China is widely recognized to be at the forefront of medical genetics research and development. However, the significant progress and development that has been achieved could not have been accomplished without sufficient funding and a well-constructed logistics network. The successful implementation of translational and precise medicine sourced from medical genetics will depend on an open ethics policy and intellectual property protection, along with strong support at the national industry level.
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Dearden L, Bouret SG, Ozanne SE. Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 15:8-19. [PMID: 29773464 PMCID: PMC6066743 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early life environment experienced by an individual in utero and during the neonatal period is a major factor in shaping later life disease risk-including susceptibility to develop obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of metabolic disease is different between males and females. How the early life environment may underlie these sex differences is an area of active investigation. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of how the early life environment influences metabolic disease risk in a sex specific manner. We also discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for mediating these sexually dimorphic effects and highlight the results of recent intervention studies in animal models. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exposure to states of both under- and over-nutrition during early life predisposes both sexes to develop metabolic disease. Females seem particularly susceptible to develop increased adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis as a result of exposure to in utero undernutrition or high sugar environments, respectively. The male placenta is particularly vulnerable to damage by adverse nutritional states and this may underlie some of the metabolic phenotypes observed in adulthood. More studies investigating both sexes are needed to understand how changes to the early life environment impact differently on the long-term health of male and female individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien G Bouret
- The Saban Research Institute, Developmental Neuroscience Program & Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA; Inserm, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172, University Lille 2, Lille, 59045, France
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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