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Sheftel J, Davis CR, Phiri CB, Crenshaw TD, Tanumihardjo SA. Repeated High-Dose Vitamin A Supplements, Standard of Care for Treating Xerophthalmia, Leads to Hypervitaminosis A in Piglets. J Nutr 2024; 154:2363-2373. [PMID: 38797483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and excess negatively affect development, growth, and bone health. The World Health Organization's standard of care for xerophthalmia due to VA deficiency, is 3 high-dose VA supplements of 50,000-200,000 IU, based on age, which may cause hypervitaminosis A in some individuals. OBJECTIVES This study measured VA status following 3 VA doses in 2 piglet studies. METHODS In Study 1, 5 groups of piglets (n = 10/group) were weaned 10 d postbirth to VA-free feed and orally administered 0; 25,000; 50,000; 100,000; or 200,000 IU VA ester on days 0, 1, and 7. On days 14 and 15, the piglets underwent the modified relative dose-response (MRDR) test for VA deficiency, and were killed. Tissues were collected for high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Study 2 used the same design in 3 groups (n = 13/group) weaned at 16 d and administered 0; 25,000; and 200,000 IU doses. RESULTS In Study 1 (final weight: 3.6 ± 0.7 kg), liver VA concentration was hypervitaminotic in 40%, 90%, and 100% of 50,000; 100,000; and 200,000 IU groups, respectively. The 25,000 IU group was 100% adequate, and the placebo group was 40% deficient. In Study 2 (final weight: 8.7 ± 0.8 kg), where 200,000 IU could be prescribed to infants with a similar body weight, 31% of the piglets were hypervitaminotic, the 25,000 IU group was 100% VA adequate, and the placebo group was 100% deficient. The MRDR test measured deficiency in 50% and 70% of the placebo group in each study but had 3 false positives among hypervitaminotic piglets in Study 1. CONCLUSIONS Repeated high-dose VA may cause hypervitaminosis, indicating dose sizes may need reduction. The MRDR resulted in false positives in a hypervitaminotic state during malnutrition and should be paired with serum retinyl ester evaluation to enhance VA status assessment in populations with overlapping interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Sheftel
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cacious B Phiri
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas D Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Madison, WI, United States.
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2
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Yue C, Ma M, Guo J, Li H, Yang Y, Liu Y, Xu B. Altered gut microbe metabolites in patients with alcohol‑induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: An integrated omics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:311. [PMID: 38873043 PMCID: PMC11170330 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is considered to be a major risk factor of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AONFH). The gut microbiota (GM) has been reported to aid in the regulation of human physiology and its composition can be altered by alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to improve the understanding of the GM and its metabolites in patients with AONFH. Metabolomic sequencing and 16S rDNA analysis of fecal samples were performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize the GM of patients with AONFH and healthy normal controls (NCs). Metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples was performed to identify whether GM changes on the species level were associated with the expression of gut bacteria genes or their associated functions in patients with AONFH. The abundance of 58 genera was found to differ between the NC group and the AONFH group. Specifically, Klebsiella, Holdemanella, Citrobacter and Lentilactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the AONFH group compared with those in the NC group. Metagenomic sequencing demonstrated that the majority of the bacterial species that exhibited significantly different abundance in patients with AONFH belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Fecal metabolomic analysis demonstrated that several metabolites were present at significantly different concentrations in the AONFH group compared with those in the NC group. These metabolites were products of vitamin B6 metabolism, retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, these changes in metabolite levels were observed to be associated with the altered abundance of specific bacterial species, such as Basidiobolus, Mortierella, Phanerochaete and Ceratobasidium. According to the results of the present study, a comprehensive landscape of the GM and metabolites in patients with AONFH was revealed, suggesting the existence of interplay between the gut microbiome and metabolome in AONFH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yue
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Maoxiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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Shi J, Caldwell J, Sheck L, Tsang B, Alekzander R, Escardo-Paton J, Vincent AL, Spooner C, Heppner P, Danesh-Meyer H, Hull S. Optic neuropathy from hypovitaminosis A in a series of children with severe dietary restrictions. J Paediatr Child Health 2024. [PMID: 39051625 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM Hypovitaminosis A is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, especially in developing nations. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential micronutrient that serves vital functions in the visual system and in regulating bone resorption. We report on a series of four children with mixed nutritional and compressive optic neuropathy and provide a review of the literature. METHODS A retrospective observational study of four males (ages 9-12), three with autism spectrum disorder who presented with loss of vision and multiple vitamin deficiencies including hypovitaminosis A. RESULTS Patients presented with unexplained visual loss or a change in visual behaviour. All patients had severely restricted diet comprising of predominantly carbohydrates. Two of the four cases demonstrated optic nerve pallor at initial presentation with marked optic atrophy developing in all patients over time. Electrophysiology available in two patients demonstrated optic nerve dysfunction with preserved retinal function. Extensive investigations revealed profound deficiency in multiple vitamins including vitamin A (<0.1-0.2 μmol/L, normal = 0.9-1.7 μmol/L). Three patients also had low vitamin B12 (90-111 pmol/L, normal = 170-800 pmol/L) with normal folate. All four cases had radiological evidence of skull base thickening indicative of low vitamin A. Genetic testing did not find any relevant pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS Hypovitaminosis A is a crucial form of nutritional deprivation that results in significant visual loss with potential hyperostosis and optic nerve compression exacerbating nutritional optic neuropathy. Additional micronutrient deficiencies usually co-exist and may contribute. Extra vigilance in vitamin replacement is required of clinicians with patients with autism who have restricted diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shi
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Caldwell
- Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leo Sheck
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bobby Tsang
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Paediatrics, Waitemata, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Alekzander
- Paediatrics, Counties Manukau, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia Escardo-Paton
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea L Vincent
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire Spooner
- Paediatric Neurology, Starship Childrens Hospital, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Heppner
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Paediatric Neurosurgery, Starship Childrens Hospital, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hull
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hasan S, Naseer S, Zamzam M, Mohilldean H, Van Wagoner C, Hasan A, Saleh ES, Uhley V, Kamel-ElSayed S. Nutrient and Hormonal Effects on Long Bone Growth in Healthy and Obese Children: A Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:817. [PMID: 39062266 PMCID: PMC11276385 DOI: 10.3390/children11070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to hormonal and nutritional effects on bone development, child obesity, and pathologic bone development related to weight. The review indicates a complex network of nutrients, hormones, and multi-system interactions mediates long bone growth. As growth of long bones occurs during childhood and the pubertal growth spurt, pediatric bones require adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and a base caloric supply for energy. Recommendations should focus on a nutrient-dense dietary approach rather than restrictive caloric diets to maintain optimal health. In conclusion, childhood obesity has profound multifaceted effects on the developing musculoskeletal system, ultimately causing poor nutritional status during development. Weight loss, under medical supervision, with proper nutritional guidelines, can help counteract the ill effects of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazid Hasan
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Shahrukh Naseer
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Mazen Zamzam
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Hashem Mohilldean
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Colin Van Wagoner
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Ahmad Hasan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ehab S. Saleh
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Virginia Uhley
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Suzan Kamel-ElSayed
- School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Stunes AK, Mosti MP, Gustafsson MK, Børsting T, Thorsby PM, Stafne SN, Syversen U. Maternal vitamin A and D status in second and third trimester of pregnancy and bone mineral content in offspring at nine years of age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1417656. [PMID: 39006361 PMCID: PMC11239386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1417656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maternal nutritional and vitamin status during pregnancy may have long-term effects on offspring health and disease. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between maternal vitamin A and D status in pregnancy and offspring bone mineral content (BMC) at nine years of age. Methods This is a post-hoc study of a randomized control trial including 855 pregnant women from two Norwegian cities; Trondheim and Stavanger. The women were randomized into an exercise intervention or standard antenatal care. Mother and child pairs for the present study were recruited from those still living in Trondheim after 8-10 years. Serum vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, and active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in serum was measured in a subgroup. Spine BMC and trabecular bone score were measured in the children at nine years of age. Associations were analyzed with linear regression models. Results A total of 119 mother and child pairs were included in the analyses. Vitamin A insufficiency (retinol< 1.05 µmol/L) and vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D< 50 mmol/L) increased from ~7% to ~43% and from ~28% to ~33%, respectively, from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester. An increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester was observed in the subgroup. There was a negative association between serum retinol in the 2nd trimester and spine BMC in the boys, but not in the girls, when adjusted for maternal and child confounders. No other associations between maternal serum vitamin A or D and BMC in the children were found. Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of vitamin A insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. A negative association between mid-pregnancy vitamin A status and spine BMC was observed in boys, but not girls, while no associations were found between maternal vitamin D status and child BMC. The implications of optimal vitamin A and D status in pregnancy for offspring bone health, remains a subject for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kamilla Stunes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miriam Katarina Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Børsting
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Henning P, Westerlund A, Horkeby K, Lionikaite V, Nilsson KH, Movérare-Skrtic S, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. Vitamin A enhanced periosteal osteoclastogenesis is associated with increased number of tissue-derived macrophages/osteoclast progenitors. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107308. [PMID: 38657862 PMCID: PMC11163173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A deleterious effect of elevated levels of vitamin A on bone health has been reported in clinical studies. Mechanistic studies in rodents have shown that numbers of periosteal osteoclasts are increased, while endocortical osteoclasts are simultaneously decreased by vitamin A treatment. The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, on periosteal osteoclast progenitors. Mouse calvarial bone cells were cultured in media containing ATRA, with or without the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL), on plastic dishes or bone discs. Whereas ATRA did not stimulate osteoclast formation alone, the compound robustly potentiated the formation of RANKL-induced bone resorbing osteoclasts. This effect was due to stimulation by ATRA (half-maximal stimulation ∼3 nM) on the numbers of macrophages/osteoclast progenitors in the bone cell cultures, as assessed by mRNA and protein expression of several macrophage and osteoclast progenitor cell markers, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B, F4/80, and CD11b, as well as by flow cytometry (FACS) analysis of CD11b+/F480+/Gr1- cells. The stimulation of macrophage numbers in the periosteal cell cultures was not mediated by increased macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-34. In contrast, ATRA did not enhance macrophages in bone marrow cell cultures. Importantly, ATRA treatment upregulated the mRNA expression of several macrophage-related genes in the periosteum of tibia in adult mice. These observations demonstrate a novel mechanism by which vitamin A enhances osteoclast formation specifically on periosteal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vikte Lionikaite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin H Nilsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Lerner UH. Vitamin A - discovery, metabolism, receptor signaling and effects on bone mass and fracture susceptibility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1298851. [PMID: 38711977 PMCID: PMC11070503 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1298851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The first evidence of the existence of vitamin A was the observation 1881 that a substance present in small amounts in milk was necessary for normal development and life. It was not until more than 100 years later that it was understood that vitamin A acts as a hormone through nuclear receptors. Unlike classical hormones, vitamin A cannot be synthesized by the body but needs to be supplied by the food as retinyl esters in animal products and ß-carotene in vegetables and fruits. Globally, vitamin A deficiency is a huge health problem, but in the industrialized world excess of vitamin A has been suggested to be a risk factor for secondary osteoporosis and enhanced susceptibility to fractures. Preclinical studies unequivocally have shown that increased amounts of vitamin A cause decreased cortical bone mass and weaker bones due to enhanced periosteal bone resorption. Initial clinical studies demonstrated a negative association between intake of vitamin A, as well as serum levels of vitamin A, and bone mass and fracture susceptibility. In some studies, these observations have been confirmed, but in other studies no such associations have been observed. One meta-analysis found that both low and high serum levels of vitamin A were associated with increased relative risk of hip fractures. Another meta-analysis also found that low levels of serum vitamin A increased the risk for hip fracture but could not find any association with high serum levels of vitamin A and hip fracture. It is apparent that more clinical studies, including large numbers of incident fractures, are needed to determine which levels of vitamin A that are harmful or beneficial for bone mass and fracture. It is the aim of the present review to describe how vitamin A was discovered and how vitamin A is absorbed, metabolized and is acting as a ligand for nuclear receptors. The effects by vitamin A in preclinical studies are summarized and the clinical investigations studying the effect by vitamin A on bone mass and fracture susceptibility are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Henning P, Westerlund A, Movérare-Skrtic S, Lindholm C, Márquez-Méndez M, Nilsson S, Holmberg AR, Lerner UH. The novel cytotoxic polybisphosphonate osteodex decreases bone resorption by enhancing cell death of mature osteoclasts without affecting osteoclastogenesis of RANKL-stimulated mouse bone marrow macrophages. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:207-220. [PMID: 38427117 PMCID: PMC10944397 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that the polybisphosphonate osteodex (ODX) inhibits bone resorption in organ-cultured mouse calvarial bone. In this study, we further investigate the effects by ODX on osteoclast differentiation, formation, and function in several different bone organ and cell cultures. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) was used for comparison. In retinoid-stimulated mouse calvarial organ cultures, ODX and ZOL significantly reduced the numbers of periosteal osteoclasts without affecting Tnfsf11 or Tnfrsf11b mRNA expression. ODX and ZOL also drastically reduced the numbers of osteoclasts in cell cultures isolated from the calvarial bone and in vitamin D3-stimulated mouse crude bone marrow cell cultures. These data suggest that ODX can inhibit osteoclast formation by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells or by directly targeting mature osteoclasts. We therefore assessed if osteoclast formation in purified bone marrow macrophage cultures stimulated by RANKL was inhibited by ODX and ZOL and found that the initial formation of mature osteoclasts was not affected, but that the bisphosphonates enhanced cell death of mature osteoclasts. In agreement with these findings, ODX and ZOL did not affect the mRNA expression of the osteoclastic genes Acp5 and Ctsk and the osteoclastogenic transcription factor Nfatc1. When bone marrow macrophages were incubated on bone slices, ODX and ZOL inhibited RANKL-stimulated bone resorption. In conclusion, ODX does not inhibit osteoclast formation but inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast numbers through enhanced cell death of mature osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lindholm
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | | | - Sten Nilsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Anders R Holmberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden.
- Molecular Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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9
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Ishaq MU, Kunwar D, Qadeer A, Komel A, Safi A, Malik A, Malik L, Akbar A. Effect of vitamin A on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes: An overview of deficiency, excessive intake, and intake recommendations. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:373-384. [PMID: 38030585 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A imbalance during pregnancy and lactation is a global public health concern with potentially negative consequences for fetuses and neonates. Inadequate vitamin A intake during this critical period can lead to anemia, weakened immune function, night blindness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Conversely, excessive intake of vitamin A can result in birth defects, hypercalcemia, and psychiatric symptoms. This review aims to identify risk factors contributing to vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women and its impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. It also examines the effects of high-dose vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy on offspring health. By analyzing existing literature and recommendations, the review emphasizes the significance of vitamin A in the development of various body systems and organs. It provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of vitamin A during pregnancy and lactation, encompassing deficiencies, excessive intake, and supplementation guidelines. The need for further research in this field is highlighted. In conclusion, maintaining a balanced vitamin A status is crucial during pregnancy to promote better outcomes for fetuses and newborns. Effective monitoring and intervention strategies are essential to address vitamin A deficiency and excess in pregnant women, thereby improving fetal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Digbijay Kunwar
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Komel
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Safi
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Malik
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Linta Malik
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Weiss B, Ott T, Vick P, Lui JC, Roeth R, Vogel S, Waldmüller S, Hoffmann S, Baron J, Wit JM, Rappold GA. Identification of novel genes including NAV2 associated with isolated tall stature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1258313. [PMID: 38152138 PMCID: PMC10752378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1258313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Very tall people attract much attention and represent a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of individuals. Identifying the genetic etiology can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating linear growth. We studied a three-generation pedigree with five isolated (non-syndromic) tall members and one individual with normal stature by whole exome sequencing; the tallest man had a height of 211 cm. Six heterozygous gene variants predicted as damaging were shared among the four genetically related tall individuals and not present in a family member with normal height. To gain insight into the putative role of these candidate genes in bone growth, we assessed the transcriptome of murine growth plate by microarray and RNA Seq. Two (Ift140, Nav2) of the six genes were well-expressed in the growth plate. Nav2 (p-value 1.91E-62) as well as Ift140 (p-value of 2.98E-06) showed significant downregulation of gene expression between the proliferative and hypertrophic zone, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and/or hypertrophic differentiation. IFT140, NAV2 and SCAF11 have also significantly associated with height in GWAS studies. Pathway and network analysis indicated functional connections between IFT140, NAV2 and SCAF11 and previously associated (tall) stature genes. Knockout of the all-trans retinoic acid responsive gene, neuron navigator 2 NAV2, in Xenopus supports its functional role as a growth promotor. Collectively, our data expand the spectrum of genes with a putative role in tall stature phenotypes and, among other genes, highlight NAV2 as an interesting gene to this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weiss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Ott
- Department of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Vick
- Department of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian C. Lui
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ralph Roeth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldmüller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jan M. Wit
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun A. Rappold
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Vo HVT, Nguyen YT, Kim N, Lee HJ. Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17038. [PMID: 38069361 PMCID: PMC10707015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these vitamins is imperative to the upkeep of various physiological processes including vision, bone health, immunity, and protection against oxidative stress. Current research highlights fat-soluble vitamins as potential therapeutics for human diseases, especially cancer. Fat-soluble vitamins exert their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including regulation of matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression and enzymatic activity. As MMPs have been reported to be involved in the pathology of various diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, regulating the expression and/or activity of MMPs could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy. Here, we summarize the properties of fat-soluble vitamins and their potential as promising candidates capable of effectively modulating MMPs through multiple pathways to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Vy Thi Vo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Namdoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
- Kongju National University Institute of Science Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
- Kongju National University’s Physical Fitness for Health Research Lab (KNUPFHR), Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
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12
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Olsen T, Lerner UH. Vitamin A - a scoping review for Nordic nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10229. [PMID: 38686175 PMCID: PMC11057411 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble compounds with retinol activity, including all-trans retinol and pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Bioactive compounds include retinal and all-trans retinoic acid with important functions in vision, immune function, growth, and development. The literature search that was performed for the current scoping review yielded a total of seven publications relevant to setting the recommended daily intake for vitamin A. In total, six publications assessed the relationship of serum retinol and/or dietary vitamin A intake with fracture risk (n = 2), cancer (n = 3), and deficiency after bariatric surgery (n = 1). One additional report by the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) with updated average requirements was included. The outcomes-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed positive associations for vitamin A intake and serum retinol with risk of hip fracture. Weak or inconclusive associations were observed for cancer or obesity. One publication by EFSA with updated estimated average requirements and population reference intakes for dietary vitamin A intakes was published in 2015. The EFSA recommendations and estimated average requirements are based on a European reference population, with body weights derived from an assumed body mass index of 22, which might be too low and not representative of the Nordic and Baltic populations, and consequently resulting in lower estimated average requirements and recommendations. In conclusion, there were limited new outcomes-based data for vitamin A and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Pedroza-García KA, Careaga-Cárdenas G, Díaz-Galindo C, Quintanar JL, Hernández-Jasso I, Ramírez-Orozco RE. Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1120-1137. [PMID: 36537581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
- Biomedical Research, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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14
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Al KF, Akouris PP, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:615-637. [PMID: 37161031 PMCID: PMC10169205 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B6, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polycronis P Akouris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Lee SH, Lee H, You HS, Sung HJ, Hyun SH. Metabolic pathway prediction of core microbiome based on enterotype and orotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1173085. [PMID: 37424791 PMCID: PMC10325833 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1173085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identification of key microbiome components has been suggested to help address the maintenance of oral and intestinal health in humans. The core microbiome is similar in all individuals, whereas the diverse microbiome varies across individuals, based on their unique lifestyles and phenotypic and genotypic determinants. In this study, we aimed to predict the metabolism of core microorganisms in the gut and oral environment based on enterotyping and orotyping. Materials and methods Gut and oral samples were collected from 83 Korean women aged 50 years or older. The extracted DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V3-V4. Results Gut bacteria were clustered into three enterotypes, while oral bacteria were clustered into three orotypes. Sixty-three of the core microbiome between the gut and oral population were correlated, and different metabolic pathways were predicted for each type. Eubacterium_g11, Actinomyces, Atopobium, and Enterococcus were significantly positively correlated between the gut and oral abundance. The four bacteria were classified as type 3 in orotype and type 2 in enterotype. Conclusion Overall, the study suggested that collapsing the human body's multidimensional microbiome into a few categories may help characterize the microbiomes better and address health issues more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sang You
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immunology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-joong Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
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16
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Opoku R, DeCata J, Phillips CL, Schulz LC. Effect of Genetically Reduced Maternal Myostatin on Late Gestation Maternal, Fetal, and Placental Metabolomes in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:719. [PMID: 37367877 PMCID: PMC10302353 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (gene symbol: Mstn) is an autocrine and paracrine inhibitor of muscle growth. Pregnant mice with genetically reduced levels of myostatin give birth to offspring with greater adult muscle mass and bone biomechanical strength. However, maternal myostatin is not detectable in fetal circulations. Fetal growth is dependent on the maternal environment, and the provisioning of nutrients and growth factors by the placenta. Thus, this study examined the effect of reduced maternal myostatin on maternal and fetal serum metabolomes, as well as the placental metabolome. Fetal and maternal serum metabolomes were highly distinct, which is consistent with the role of the placenta in creating a specific fetal nutrient environment. There was no effect from myostatin on maternal glucose tolerance or fasting insulin. In comparisons between pregnant control and Mstn+/- mice, there were more significantly different metabolite concentrations in fetal serum, at 50, than in the mother's serum at 33, confirming the effect of maternal myostatin reduction on the fetal metabolic milieu. Polyamines, lysophospholipids, fatty acid oxidation, and vitamin C, in fetal serum, were all affected by maternal myostatin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Opoku
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Jenna DeCata
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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17
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Akbar A, Duvall S, VanOrmer M, Slotkowski R, Hahka T, Genaro-Mattos T, Korade Z, Hanson C, Anderson Berry A, Thoene M. Plasma Retinol Concentrations and Dietary Intakes of Mother-Infant Sets in Singleton versus Twin Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112553. [PMID: 37299515 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for normal fetal development, but the recommendation for maternal dietary intake (Retinol Activity Equivalent, RAE) does not differ for singleton vs. twin pregnancy, despite the limited evaluation of retinol status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate plasma retinol concentrations and deficiency status in mother-infant sets from singleton vs. twin pregnancies as well as maternal RAE intake. A total of 21 mother-infant sets were included (14 singleton, 7 twin). The HPLC and LC-MS/HS evaluated the plasma retinol concentration, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Plasma retinol was significantly lower in twin vs. singleton pregnancies in both maternal (192.2 vs. 312.1 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002) and umbilical cord (UC) samples (102.5 vs. 154.4 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002). The prevalence of serum-defined vitamin A deficiency (VAD) <200.6 mcg/L was higher in twins vs. singletons for both maternal (57% vs. 7%, p = 0.031) and UC samples (100% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), despite a similar RAE intake (2178 vs. 1862 mcg/day, p = 0.603). Twin pregnancies demonstrated a higher likelihood of vitamin A deficiency in mothers, with an odds ratio of 17.3 (95% CI: 1.4 to 216.6). This study suggests twin pregnancy may be associated with VAD deficiency. Further research is needed to determine optimal maternal dietary recommendations during twin gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah Duvall
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Taija Hahka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Thiago Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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18
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Su AL, Penning TM. Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Metabolic Activation of 1-Nitropyrene via Nitroreduction in Human Lung Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:270-280. [PMID: 36693016 PMCID: PMC9974908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a constituent of diesel exhaust and classified as a group 2A probable human carcinogen. The metabolic activation of 1-NP by nitroreduction generates electrophiles that can covalently bind DNA to form mutations to contribute to cancer causation. NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase (POR), xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase (AOX), and NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) may catalyze 1-NP nitroreduction. We recently found that human recombinant aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) 1C1-1C3 catalyze 1-NP nitroreduction. NQO1 and AKR1C1-1C3 are genes induced by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Despite this knowledge, the relative importance of these enzymes and NRF2 to 1-NP nitroreduction is unknown. We used a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches to assess the relative importance of these enzymes and NRF2 in the aerobic nitroreduction of 1-NP in human bronchial epithelial cells, A549 and HBEC3-KT. 1-NP nitroreduction was assessed by the measurement of 1-aminopyrene (1-AP), the six-electron reduced metabolite of 1-NP, based on its intrinsic fluorescence properties (λex and λem). We found that co-treatment of 1-NP with salicylic acid, an AKR1C1 inhibitor, or ursodeoxycholate, an AKR1C2 inhibitor, for 48 h decreased 1-AP production relative to 1-NP treatment alone (control) in both cell lines. R-Sulforaphane or 1-(2-cyano-3,12,28-trioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-yl)-1H-imidazole (CDDO-Im), two NRF2 activators, each increased 1-AP production relative to control only in HBEC3-KT cells, which have inducible NRF2. Inhibitors of POR, NQO1, and XO failed to modify 1-AP production relative to control in both cell lines. Importantly, A549 wild-type cells with constitutively active NRF2 produced more 1-AP than A549 cells with heterozygous expression of NFE2L2/NRF2, which were able to produce more 1-AP than A549 cells with homozygous knockout of NFE2L2/NRF2. Together, these data show dependence of 1-NP metabolic activation on AKR1Cs and NRF2 in human lung cells. This is the second example whereby NFE2L2/NRF2 is implicated in the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Su
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Petrova SY, Albanova VI, Nozdrin KV, Guzev KS. Main effects of retinol palmitate on skin structures and the technology of its use in dermatological practice. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2023. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its synthetic analogues are used in the treatment of numerous skin diseases. The main genomic effects of the natural form of vitamin A (retinol palmitate) are associated with its active metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid and are compensated by several restrictive mechanisms. Numerous studies have proved that retinol stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes of the basal layer of the epidermis and endothelial cells, and also activates dermal fibroblasts to synthesize proteins of the extracellular matrix of the dermis. As a result, the thickening the epidermis, increases the mechanical strength of the skin and the hydrating ability of the dermis, angiogenesis increase. The ability of retinol to enhance the adhesion of endothelial cells and leukocytes, regulate the processes of keratinization and sebum secretion was found. Vitamin A is also a powerful antioxidant. Retinol palmitate is used as the main or auxiliary drug for the treatment of a wide range of dermatoses. The principle of application is based on clinical studies and confirmed by existing experimental data. In the treatment, the following algorithm is followed. If retinol palmitate is necessary to improve epithelialization and strengthen the epidermal barrier, medium therapeutic doses should be used. For the treatment of disorders of keratinization processes, depending on the severity of the pathological condition, medium and high therapeutic doses of the drug are used. Violation of the processes of sebum secretion and severe hyperkeratosis respond better to treatment at high therapeutic doses. It should be noted that many skins clinical manifestations mostly regress under the action of vitamin A in doses that do not lead to the appearance of signs of toxicity of the drug.
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20
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Guo X, Wang H, Xu J, Hua H. Impacts of vitamin A deficiency on biological rhythms: Insights from the literature. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886244. [PMID: 36466383 PMCID: PMC9718491 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is essential for brain function, in addition to its important roles in vision, immunity, and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive form of vitamin A, is involved in the regulation of various intracellular responses related to biological rhythms. RA is reported to affect the circadian rhythm by binding to RA receptors, such as receptors in the circadian feedback loops in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, evidence of the impacts of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on biological rhythms is limited, and most of the related studies were conducted on animals. In this review, we described the physiological functions of biological rhythms and physiological pathways/molecular mechanisms regulating the biological rhythms. We then discussed the current understanding of the associations of VAD with biological rhythm disorders/diseases (sleep disorders, impairments in learning/memory, emotional disorders, and other immune or metabolism diseases) and summarized the currently proposed mechanisms (mainly by retinoid nuclear receptors and related proteins) for the associations. This review may help recognize the role of VAD in biological rhythm disorders and stimulate clinical or epidemiological studies to confirm the findings of related animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Xing L, Gao Q, Huang X, Xue Y, Ding L, Li J, Hou H, Wang J, Dong P. Simultaneous determination of six vitamin A substances by multi-wavelength HPLC and application to different marine shellfishes. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Thaler R, Khani F, Sturmlechner I, Dehghani SS, Denbeigh JM, Zhou X, Pichurin O, Dudakovic A, Jerez SS, Zhong J, Lee JH, Natarajan R, Kalajzic I, Jiang YH, Deyle DR, Paschalis EP, Misof BM, Ordog T, van Wijnen AJ. Vitamin C epigenetically controls osteogenesis and bone mineralization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5883. [PMID: 36202795 PMCID: PMC9537512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C deficiency disrupts the integrity of connective tissues including bone. For decades this function has been primarily attributed to Vitamin C as a cofactor for collagen maturation. Here, we demonstrate that Vitamin C epigenetically orchestrates osteogenic differentiation and function by modulating chromatin accessibility and priming transcriptional activity. Vitamin C regulates histone demethylation (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) and promotes TET-mediated 5hmC DNA hydroxymethylation at promoters, enhancers and super-enhancers near bone-specific genes. This epigenetic circuit licenses osteoblastogenesis by permitting the expression of all major pro-osteogenic genes. Osteogenic cell differentiation is strictly and continuously dependent on Vitamin C, whereas Vitamin C is dispensable for adipogenesis. Importantly, deletion of 5hmC-writers, Tet1 and Tet2, in Vitamin C-sufficient murine bone causes severe skeletal defects which mimic bone phenotypes of Vitamin C-insufficient Gulo knockout mice, a model of Vitamin C deficiency and scurvy. Thus, Vitamin C's epigenetic functions are central to osteoblastogenesis and bone formation and may be leveraged to prevent common bone-degenerating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sofia S Jerez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ramesh Natarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David R Deyle
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Brandão AS, Borbinha J, Pereira T, Brito PH, Lourenço R, Bensimon-Brito A, Jacinto A. A regeneration-triggered metabolic adaptation is necessary for cell identity transitions and cell cycle re-entry to support blastema formation and bone regeneration. eLife 2022; 11:e76987. [PMID: 35993337 PMCID: PMC9395193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration depends on the ability of mature cells at the injury site to respond to injury, generating tissue-specific progenitors that incorporate the blastema and proliferate to reconstitute the original organ architecture. The metabolic microenvironment has been tightly connected to cell function and identity during development and tumorigenesis. Yet, the link between metabolism and cell identity at the mechanistic level in a regenerative context remains unclear. The adult zebrafish caudal fin, and bone cells specifically, have been crucial for the understanding of mature cell contribution to tissue regeneration. Here, we use this model to explore the relevance of glucose metabolism for the cell fate transitions preceding new osteoblast formation and blastema assembly. We show that injury triggers a modulation in the metabolic profile at early stages of regeneration to enhance glycolysis at the expense of mitochondrial oxidation. This metabolic adaptation mediates transcriptional changes that make mature osteoblast amenable to be reprogramed into pre-osteoblasts and induces cell cycle re-entry and progression. Manipulation of the metabolic profile led to severe reduction of the pre-osteoblast pool, diminishing their capacity to generate new osteoblasts, and to a complete abrogation of blastema formation. Overall, our data indicate that metabolic alterations have a powerful instructive role in regulating genetic programs that dictate fate decisions and stimulate proliferation, thereby providing a deeper understanding on the mechanisms regulating blastema formation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Brandão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Jorge Borbinha
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Patrícia H Brito
- UCIBIO, Dept. Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Raquel Lourenço
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | | | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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25
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Engle-Stone R, Miller JC, Reario MFD, Arnold CD, Stormer A, Lafuente E, Oxley A, Capanzana MV, Cabanilla CVD, Ford JL, Clark A, Velavan TP, Brown KH, Lietz G, Haskell MJ. Filipino Children with High Usual Vitamin A Intakes and Exposure to Multiple Sources of Vitamin A Have Elevated Total Body Stores of Vitamin A But Do Not Show Clear Evidence of Vitamin A Toxicity. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac115. [PMID: 36060221 PMCID: PMC9429969 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young children exposed to high-dose vitamin A supplements (VAS) and vitamin A (VA)-fortified foods may be at risk of high VA intake and high VA total body stores (TBS). Objectives TBS and estimated liver VA concentration were compared among children with adequate or high VA intake and different timing of exposure to VAS, and associations between estimated liver VA concentrations and biomarkers of VA toxicity were examined. Methods Children 12-18 mo of age (n = 123) were selected for 3 groups: 1) retinol intake >600 µg/d and VAS within the past mo, 2) retinol intake >600 µg/d and VAS in the past 3-6 mo, and 3) VA intake 200-500 µg retinol activity equivalents (RAE)/d and VAS in the past 3-6 mo. Dietary intake data were collected to measure VA intakes from complementary foods, breast milk, and low-dose, over-the-counter supplements. TBS were assessed by retinol isotope dilution, and VA toxicity biomarkers were measured. Main outcomes were compared by group. Results Mean (95% CI) VA intakes excluding VAS were 1184 (942, 1426), 980 (772, 1187), and 627 (530, 724) µg RAE/d, in groups 1-3, respectively; mean VA intake was higher in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 (P < 0.05). Geometric mean (GM) (95% CI) TBS were 589 (525, 661), 493 (435, 559), and 466 (411, 528) µmol, respectively. GM TBS and GM liver VA concentrations were higher in group 1 compared with group 3 (liver VA concentration: 1.62 vs. 1.33 µmol/g; P < 0.05). Plasma retinyl ester and 4-oxo-retinoic acid concentrations and serum markers of bone turnover and liver damage did not indicate VA toxicity. Conclusions In this sample, most children had retinol intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) and liver VA concentrations above the proposed cutoff for "hypervitaminosis A" (>1 µmol/g liver). There was no evidence of chronic VA toxicity, suggesting that the liver VA cutoff value should be re-evaluated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03030339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Engle-Stone
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jody C Miller
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles D Arnold
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ame Stormer
- Helen Keller International, Malate, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mario V Capanzana
- Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Carl Vincent D Cabanilla
- Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Jennifer Lynn Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Adam Clark
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
- Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kenneth H Brown
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marjorie J Haskell
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Nyffeler J, Willis C, Harris FR, Taylor LW, Judson R, Everett LJ, Harrill JA. Combining phenotypic profiling and targeted RNA-Seq reveals linkages between transcriptional perturbations and chemical effects on cell morphology: Retinoic acid as an example. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116032. [PMID: 35483669 PMCID: PMC10894461 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a tiered testing strategy for chemical hazard evaluation based on new approach methods (NAMs). The first tier includes in vitro profiling assays applicable to many (human) cell types, such as high-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) and high-throughput phenotypic profiling (HTPP). The goals of this study were to: (1) harmonize the seeding density of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells for use in both assays; (2) compare HTTr- versus HTPP-derived potency estimates for 11 mechanistically diverse chemicals; (3) identify candidate reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance in future screens; and (4) characterize the transcriptional and phenotypic changes in detail for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a model compound known for its adverse effects on osteoblast differentiation. The results of this evaluation showed that (1) HTPP conducted at low (400 cells/well) and high (3000 cells/well) seeding densities yielded comparable potency estimates and similar phenotypic profiles for the tested chemicals; (2) HTPP and HTTr resulted in comparable potency estimates for changes in cellular morphology and gene expression, respectively; (3) three test chemicals (etoposide, ATRA, dexamethasone) produced concentration-dependent effects on cellular morphology and gene expression that were consistent with known modes-of-action, demonstrating their suitability for use as reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance; and (4) ATRA produced phenotypic changes that were highly similar to other retinoic acid receptor activators (AM580, arotinoid acid) and some retinoid X receptor activators (bexarotene, methoprene acid). This phenotype was observed concurrently with autoregulation of the RARB gene. Both effects were prevented by pre-treating U-2 OS cells with pharmacological antagonists of their respective receptors. Thus, the observed phenotype could be considered characteristic of retinoic acid pathway activation in U-2 OS cells. These findings lay the groundwork for combinatorial screening of chemicals using HTTr and HTPP to generate complementary information for the first tier of a NAM-based chemical hazard evaluation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nyffeler
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Clinton Willis
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Felix R Harris
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) National Student Services Contractor, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Laura W Taylor
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Richard Judson
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Logan J Everett
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America.
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Rojo-Trejo MH, Robles-Osorio ML, Sabath E. Liposoluble vitamins A and E in kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2022; 11:96-104. [PMID: 35733655 PMCID: PMC9160709 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i3.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease (KD) is characterized by the presence of elevated oxidative stress, and this is postulated as contributing to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Chronic KD (CKD) is related to high grade inflammatory condition and pro-oxidative state that aggravates the progression of the disease by damaging primary podocytes. Liposoluble vitamins (vitamin A and E) are potent dietary antioxidants that have also anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions. Vitamin deficits in CKD patients are a common issue, and multiple causes are related to them: Anorexia, dietary restrictions, food cooking methods, dialysis losses, gastrointestinal malabsorption, etc. The potential benefit of retinoic acid (RA) and α-tocopherol have been described in animal models and in some human clinical trials. This review provides an overview of RA and α tocopherol in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Sabath
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nutrition School, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
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28
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Exploring the potential of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and strategies for their recovery. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Vu AA, Kushram P, Bose S. Effects of Vitamin A (Retinol) Release from Calcium Phosphate Matrices and Porous 3D Printed Scaffolds on Bone Cell Proliferation and Maturation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1120-1129. [PMID: 35258918 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound widely known for vision health. Highly variable reports on its effects on bone health have necessitated further research to truly understand its role on bone cell proliferation. Retinol, one bioactive form of vitamin A, is incorporated into synthetic bone graft scaffolds for low load-bearing clinical bone treatment. The objective of this work is to understand the effects of retinol on osteoblast and osteoclast cells when embedded within calcium phosphate matrices, including interconnected porous 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. Results show that hydrophobic retinol can be released from bone scaffolds when a combination of biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol, are employed as drug carriers. The release of retinol in vitro can support a 20 ± 1% increase in osteoblast (bone-forming) cell proliferation with proper cell adhesion and filopodial extensions. Osteoclast cell morphology is necrosed and torn with a reduction in proliferation at approximately 6 ± 1% when retinol is present. In addition, inhibition of osteoclastic resorption pit bays is noted using scanning electron microscopy. With the scaffolds' round pore interconnectivity facilitating retinol release, this system can provide an alternative to traditional bone grafts while additionally supporting bone healing through enhanced osteoblast cell proliferation and inhibition of osteoclast resorption activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Vu
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Priya Kushram
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Pouso MR, Cairrao E. Effect of retinoic acid on the neurovascular unit: A review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shen Q, Wang X, Bai H, Tan X, Liu X. Effects of high-dose all-trans retinoic acid on longitudinal bone growth of young rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 62:101446. [PMID: 35149382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signaling axis consisting of GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 is the primary signal taht acts prepubertally to influence height development. Growth plate thinning and even premature closure have been reported in children with tumors treated with retinoid chemotherapy, resulting in long bone dysplasia. Growth failure may occur despite received GH treatment, but the reason is unknown. This study investigate the effect of high-dose all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the development of long bones in growing SD rats. METHODS A total of 20 three-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group (n = 10). Rats were treated by gavage with or without high-dose ATRA for 10 days. The body weights of the rats were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, we measured the length of nose-tail and tibia, stained the tibia and liver for pathological tissue and RT-PCR reaction, and measured the levels of serum GH, IGF1 and IGFBP3, and so on. RESULTS Compared with controls, experimental rats exhibited reduced body weight and shortened nasal-tail and radial tibial length. Cyp26b1 enzyme activity in the liver was elevated, and histopathological staining revealed that the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate was narrowed, the medullary cavity of trabecular bone was sparse, the number of trabecular bones was decreased, trabecular separation was increased, bone marrow mineralization was enhanced, osteoclastic activity was increased, and circulating GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 levels were decreased. However, RT-PCR reaction results of localized proximal tibiae showed upregulation of IGF1 and downregulation of IGFBP3. CONCLUSIONS High-dose ATRA intake over a short period of time can reduce GH-IGF1-IGFBP3 levels, affect cartilage and bone homeostasis, and inhibit bone growth in developing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Haodi Bai
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Orthopedic of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Associations between Serum Vitamin A and Metabolic Risk Factors among Eastern Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030610. [PMID: 35276969 PMCID: PMC8839095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7–17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7–17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents.
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Ruohonen ST, Gaytan F, Usseglio Gaudi A, Velasco I, Kukoricza K, Perdices-Lopez C, Franssen D, Guler I, Mehmood A, Elo LL, Ohlsson C, Poutanen M, Tena-Sempere M. Selective loss of kisspeptin signaling in oocytes causes progressive premature ovulatory failure. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:806-821. [PMID: 35037941 PMCID: PMC8971646 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does direct kisspeptin signaling in the oocyte have a role in the control of follicular dynamics and ovulation? SUMMARY ANSWER Kisspeptin signaling in the oocyte plays a relevant physiological role in the direct control of ovulation; oocyte-specific ablation of kisspeptin receptor, Gpr54, induces a state of premature ovulatory failure in mice that recapitulates some features of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, are essential for the control of ovulation and fertility, acting primarily on hypothalamic GnRH neurons to stimulate gonadotropin secretion. However, kisspeptins and their receptor, Gpr54, are also expressed in the ovary of different mammalian species, including humans, where their physiological roles remain contentious and poorly characterized. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A novel mouse line with conditional ablation of Gpr54 in oocytes, named OoGpr54−/−, was generated and studied in terms of follicular and ovulatory dynamics at different age-points of postnatal maturation. A total of 59 OoGpr54−/− mice and 47 corresponding controls were analyzed. In addition, direct RNA sequencing was applied to ovarian samples from 8 OoGpr54−/− and 7 control mice at 6 months of age, and gonadotropin priming for ovulatory induction was conducted in mice (N = 7) from both genotypes. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Oocyte-selective ablation of Gpr54 in the oocyte was achieved in vivo by crossing a Gdf9-driven Cre-expressing transgenic mouse line with a Gpr54 LoxP mouse line. The resulting OoGpr54−/− mouse line was subjected to phenotypic, histological, hormonal and molecular analyses at different age-points of postnatal maturation (Day 45, and 2, 4, 6 and 10–11 months of age), in order to characterize the timing of puberty, ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation, with particular attention to identification of features reminiscent of POI. The molecular signature of ovaries from OoGpr54−/− mice was defined by direct RNA sequencing. Ovulatory responses to gonadotropin priming were also assessed in OoGpr54−/− mice. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Oocyte-specific ablation of Gpr54 caused premature ovulatory failure, with some POI-like features. OoGpr54−/− mice had preserved puberty onset, without signs of hypogonadism. However, already at 2 months of age, 40% of OoGpr54−/− females showed histological features reminiscent of ovarian failure and anovulation. Penetrance of the phenotype progressed with age, with >80% and 100% of OoGpr54−/− females displaying complete ovulatory failure by 6- and 10 months, respectively. This occurred despite unaltered hypothalamic Gpr54 expression and gonadotropin levels. Yet, OoGpr54−/− mice had decreased sex steroid levels. While the RNA signature of OoGpr54−/− ovaries was dominated by the anovulatory state, oocyte-specific ablation of Gpr54 significantly up- or downregulated of a set of 21 genes, including those encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, Wnt-10B, matrix-metalloprotease-12, vitamin A-related factors and calcium-activated chloride channel-2, which might contribute to the POI-like state. Notably, the anovulatory state of young OoGpr54−/− mice could be rescued by gonadotropin priming. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Conditional ablation of Gpr54 in oocytes unambiguously caused premature ovulatory failure in mice; yet, the ultimate molecular mechanisms for such state of POI can be only inferred on the basis of RNAseq data and need further elucidation, since some of the molecular changes observed in OoGpr54−/− ovaries were secondary to the anovulatory state. Direct translation of mouse findings to human disease should be made with caution since, despite the conserved expression of Kiss1/kisspeptin and Gpr54 in rodents and humans, our mouse model does not recapitulate all features of common forms of POI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Deregulation of kisspeptin signaling in the oocyte might be an underlying, and previously unnoticed, cause for some forms of POI in women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was primarily supported by a grant to M.P. and M.T.-S. from the FiDiPro (Finnish Distinguished Professor) Program of the Academy of Finland. Additional financial support came from grant BFU2017-83934-P (M.T.-S.; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; co-funded with EU funds/FEDER Program), research funds from the IVIRMA International Award in Reproductive Medicine (M.T.-S.), and EFSD Albert Renold Fellowship Programme (S.T.R.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in relation to the contents of this work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T Ruohonen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco Gaytan
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Andrea Usseglio Gaudi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Krisztina Kukoricza
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Perdices-Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ipek Guler
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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Pignolo RJ, Pacifici M. Retinoid Agonists in the Targeting of Heterotopic Ossification. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113245. [PMID: 34831466 PMCID: PMC8617746 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are metabolic derivatives of vitamin A and regulate the function of many tissues and organs both prenatally and postnatally. Active retinoids, such as all trans-retinoic acid, are produced in the cytoplasm and then interact with nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to up-regulate the transcription of target genes. The RARs can also interact with target gene response elements in the absence of retinoids and exert a transcriptional repression function. Studies from several labs, including ours, showed that chondrogenic cell differentiation and cartilage maturation require (i) the absence of retinoid signaling and (ii) the repression function by unliganded RARs. These and related insights led to the proposition that synthetic retinoid agonists could thus represent pharmacological agents to inhibit heterotopic ossification (HO), a process that recapitulates developmental skeletogenesis and involves chondrogenesis, cartilage maturation, and endochondral ossification. One form of HO is acquired and is caused by injury, and another severe and often fatal form of it is genetic and occurs in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Mouse models of FOP bearing mutant ACVR1R206H, characteristic of most FOP patients, were used to test the ability of the retinoid agonists selective for RARα and RARγ against spontaneous and injury-induced HO. The RARγ agonists were found to be most effective, and one such compound, palovarotene, was selected for testing in FOP patients. The safety and effectiveness data from recent and ongoing phase II and phase III clinical trials support the notion that palovarotene may represent a disease-modifying treatment for patients with FOP. The post hoc analyses showed substantial efficacy but also revealed side effects and complications, including premature growth plate closure in some patients. Skeletally immature patients will need to be carefully weighed in any future regulatory indications of palovarotene as an important therapeutic option in FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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35
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Lu H, Liu L, Han S, Wang B, Qin J, Bu K, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ma L, Tian J, Zhang K, Li T, Cui H, Liu X. Expression of tiRNA and tRF in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the change of related proteins expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1457. [PMID: 34734009 PMCID: PMC8506760 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcriptomics, such as that of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which include microRNA (miRNA), circular RNA, and the transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tiRNA and tRF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have attracted much attention recently. The tiRNA and tRFs are produced when the tRNA splits at specific sites. The expression change and related function of tiRNA and tRFs in AD has not been fully investigated. Methods In our study, APP/PS1 transgenic mice (AD mice model) and healthy control mice were used to discover the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs with high-throughput sequencing. Among the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs, we chose two tRFs (tRF-Thr-CGT-003 and tRF-Leu-CAA-004) and predicted the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with miRanda and Target Scan. The target mRNAs of tRF-related function and pathways were analyzed, then we performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot to validate the related target mRNAs and pathways. Results A total of 27 significantly different tiRNA and tRFs were detected between wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 groups, including 14 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated. Through analyzing the target mRNAs of all differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs with GO enrichment, we found the target mRNAs could take part in the learning and memory biological process, synapse organization, cognition biological process, synaptic transmission, amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolic process, and so on. We then chose three differentially expressed tRFs for further qPCR validation and passed two tRFs: tRF-Thr-CGT-003 and tRF-Leu-CAA-004, that were found to regulate the calcium regulation-related proteins (the voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit and the RYR1 endoplasmic reticulum calcium released protein) and the retinol metabolism-related proteins (retinoic acid metabolic enzymes CYP2S1, CYP2C68, CYP2S1). Conclusions The APP expression and presenilin mutation in APP/PS1 mice could cause tiRNA and tRFs expression change. Among the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs, we found some tRFs took part in the voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit expression and regulation, influencing the neuron calcium homeostasis. Moreover, we also found the tRFs may participate in the regulation of retinol metabolism. Our findings suggest that the dysregulated tiRNA and tRFs may be beneficially exploited as potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Han
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kailin Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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36
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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Sali A. The effects of cardiovascular and orthopaedic surgery on vitamin concentrations: a narrative review of the literature and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-31. [PMID: 34619992 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the rise in worldwide chronic diseases, supplemented by an aging population, the volume of global major surgeries, encompassing cardiac and orthopedic procedures is anticipated to surge significantly. Surgical trauma can be accompanied by numerous postoperative complications and metabolic changes. The present review summarized the results from studies assessing the effects of orthopedic and cardiovascular surgery on vitamin concentrations, in addition to exploring the possible mechanisms associated with changes in concentrations. Studies have revealed a potentially severe depletion in plasma/serum concentrations of numerous vitamins following these surgeries acutely. Vitamins C, D and B1 appear particularly vulnerable to significant depletions, with vitamin C and D depletions consistently transpiring into inadequate and deficient concentrations, respectively. The possible multifactorial mechanisms impacting postoperative vitamin concentrations include changes in hemodilution and vitamin utilization, redistribution, circulatory transport and absorption. For a majority of vitamins, there has been a lack of investigation into the effects of both, cardiac and orthopedic surgery. Additionally, studies were predominantly restricted to short-term postoperative investigations, primarily performed within the first postoperative week of surgery. Overall, results indicated that further examination is necessary to determine the severity and clinical significance of the possible depletions in vitamin concentrations that ensue cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia.,Honorary Associate Professor, Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Torrens University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Digital Health, CRC, College of STEM, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Herlin M, Sánchez-Pérez I, Esteban J, Korkalainen M, Barber X, Finnilä MAJ, Hamscher G, Joseph B, Viluksela M, Håkansson H. Bone toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the retinoid system: A causality analysis anchored in osteoblast gene expression and mouse data. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:25-43. [PMID: 34363983 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dioxin exposures impact on bone quality and osteoblast differentiation, as well as retinoic acid metabolism and signaling. In this study we analyzed associations between increased circulating retinol concentrations and altered bone mineral density in a mouse model following oral exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Additionally, effects of TCDD on differentiation marker genes and genes involved with retinoic acid metabolism were analysed in an osteoblast cell model followed by benchmark dose-response analyses of the gene expression data. Study results show that the increased trabecular and decreased cortical bone mineral density in the mouse model following TCDD exposure are associated with increased circulating retinol concentrations. Also, TCDD disrupted the expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and retinoic acid synthesis, degradation, and nuclear translocation in directions compatible with increasing cellular retinoic acid levels. Further evaluation of the obtained results in relation to previously published data by the use of mode-of-action and weight-of-evidence inspired analytical approaches strengthened the evidence that TCDD-induced bone and retinoid system changes are causally related and compatible with an endocrine disruption mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Xavier Barber
- Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 10 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy (Toxicology) and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Pang B, Jin H, Liao N, Li J, Jiang C, Shi J. Vitamin A supplementation ameliorates ulcerative colitis in gut microbiota-dependent manner. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110568. [PMID: 34507723 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal track. The purpose of this study is to explore whether Vitamin A (VA) can treat UC and its mechanisms. A mouse model of UC was established using 3.0% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). VA was used to treat UC by intragastric administration of 5000 international unit (IU) retinyl acetate. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also used to treat the UC model mice to verify the effect of influenced gut microbiota. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents was quantitatively detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. VA supplementation significantly ameliorated UC. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that VA-treated mice exhibited much more abundant gut microbial diversity and flora composition. Targeted metabolomics analysis manifested the increased production of SCFAs in VA-treated mice. Gut microbiota depletion and FMT results confirmed the gut microbiota-dependent mechanism as that VA relieved UC via regulating gut microbiota: increase in SCFA-producing genera and decrease in UC-related genera. The restore of intestinal barrier and the inhibition of inflammation were also found to contribute to the amelioration of UC by VA. It was concluded that a VA supplement was enough to cause a significant change in gut microbiota and amelioration of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Han Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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39
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Fraher D, Mann RJ, Dubuisson MJ, Ellis MK, Yu T, Walder K, Ward AC, Winkler C, Gibert Y. The endocannabinoid system and retinoic acid signaling combine to influence bone growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111267. [PMID: 33839219 PMCID: PMC8127411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an increasing burden on public health as the world-wide population ages and effective therapeutics are severely needed. Two pathways with high potential for osteoporosis treatment are the retinoic acid (RA) and endocannabinoid system (ECS) signaling pathways. We sought to elucidate the roles that these pathways play in bone development and maturation. Here, we use chemical treatments to modulate the RA and ECS pathways at distinct early, intermediate, and late times bone development in zebrafish. We further assessed osteoclast activity later in zebrafish and medaka. Finally, by combining sub-optimal doses of AR and ECS modulators, we show that enhancing RA signaling or reducing the ECS promote bone formation and decrease osteoclast abundance and activity. These data demonstrate that RA signaling and the ECS can be combined as sub-optimal doses to influence bone growth and may be key targets for potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fraher
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Robert J Mann
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Matthew J Dubuisson
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Megan K Ellis
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Tingsheng Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yann Gibert
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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40
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Miller MJ, Foroozan R. Papilledema and hypervitaminosis A after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for cystic fibrosis. Can J Ophthalmol 2021; 57:e6-e10. [PMID: 34058144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Rare functional genetic variants in COL7A1, COL6A5, COL1A2 and COL5A2 frequently occur in Chiari Malformation Type 1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251289. [PMID: 33974636 PMCID: PMC8112708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari Malformation Type 1 (CM-1) is characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum and the presence of headaches and other neurologic symptoms. Cranial bone constriction is suspected to be the most common biologic mechanism leading to CM-1. However, other mechanisms may also contribute, particularly in the presence of connective tissue disorders (CTDs), such as Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Accumulating data suggest CM-1 with connective tissue disorders (CTD+) may have a different patho-mechanism and different genetic risk factors than CM-1 without CTDs (CTD-). To identify CM-1 genetic risk variants, we performed whole exome sequencing on a single large, multiplex family from Spain and targeted sequencing on a cohort of 186 unrelated adult, Caucasian females with CM-1. Targeted sequencing captured the coding regions of 21 CM-1 and EDS candidate genes, including two genes identified in the Spanish family. Using gene burden analysis, we compared the frequency of rare, functional variants detected in CM-1 cases versus publically available ethnically-matched controls from gnomAD. A secondary analysis compared the presence of rare variants in these genes between CTD+ and CTD- CM-1 cases. In the Spanish family, rare variants co-segregated with CM-1 in COL6A5, ADGRB3 and DST. A variant in COL7A1 was present in affected and unaffected family members. In the targeted sequencing analysis, rare variants in six genes (COL7A1, COL5A2, COL6A5, COL1A2, VEGFB, FLT1) were significantly more frequent in CM-1 cases compared to public controls. In total, 47% of CM-1 cases presented with rare variants in at least one of the four significant collagen genes and 10% of cases harbored variants in multiple significant collagen genes. Moreover, 26% of CM-1 cases presented with rare variants in the COL6A5 gene. We also identified two genes (COL7A1, COL3A1) for which the burden of rare variants differed significantly between CTD+ and CTD- CM-1 cases. A higher percentage of CTD+ patients had variants in COL7A1 compared to CTD+ patients, while CTD+ patients had fewer rare variants in COL3A1 than did CTD- patients. In summary, rare variants in several collagen genes are particularly frequent in CM-1 cases and those in COL6A5 co-segregated with CM-1 in a Spanish multiplex family. COL6A5 has been previously associated with musculoskeletal phenotypes, but this is the first association with CM-1. Our findings underscore the contribution of rare genetic variants in collagen genes to CM-1, and suggest that CM-1 in the presence and absence of CTD symptoms is driven by different genes.
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Bose S, Sarkar N, Banerjee D. Natural medicine delivery from biomedical devices to treat bone disorders: A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:63-91. [PMID: 33657451 PMCID: PMC8247456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing life expectancy and aging population, orthopedic defects and bone graft surgeries are increasing in global prevalence. Research to date has advanced the understanding of bone biology and defect repair mechanism, leading to a marked success in the development of synthetic bone substitutes. Yet, the quest for functionalized bone grafts prompted the researchers to find a viable alternative that regulates cellular activity and supports bone regeneration and healing process without causing serious side-effects. Recently, researchers have introduced natural medicinal compounds (NMCs) in bone scaffold that enables them to release at a desirable rate, maintains a sustained release allowing sufficient time for tissue in-growth, and guides bone regeneration process with minimized risk of tissue toxicity. According to World Health Organization (WHO), NMCs are gaining popularity in western countries for the last two decades and are being used by 80% of the population worldwide. Compared to synthetic drugs, NMCs have a broader range of safety window and thus suitable for prolonged localized delivery for bone regeneration. There is limited literature focusing on the integration of bone grafts and natural medicines that provides detailed scientific evidences on NMCs, their toxic limits and particular application in bone tissue engineering, which could guide the researchers to develop functionalized implants for various bone disorders. This review will discuss the emerging trend of NMC delivery from bone grafts, including 3D-printed structures and surface-modified implants, highlighting the significance and potential of NMCs for bone health, guiding future paths toward the development of an ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To date, additive manufacturing technology provids us with many advanced patient specific or defect specific bone constructs exhibiting three-dimensional, well-defined microstructure with interconnected porous networks for defect-repair applications. However, an ideal scaffold should also be able to supply biological signals that actively guide tissue regeneration while simultaneously preventing post-implantation complications. Natural biomolecules are gaining popularity in tissue engineering since they possess a safer, effective approach compared to synthetic drugs. The integration of bone scaffolds and natural biomolecules exploits the advantages of customized, multi-functional bone implants to provide localized delivery of biochemical signals in a controlled manner. This review presents an overview of bone scaffolds as delivery systems for natural biomolecules, which may provide prominent advancement in bone development and improve defect-healing caused by various musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| | - Naboneeta Sarkar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Dishary Banerjee
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
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Qorbani M, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Ejtahed HS, Namazi N, Khoramdad M, Heshmat R, Kazemian E, Kelishadi R. Percentile values for serum levels of vitamins A and D in Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111307. [PMID: 34116487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reference values to determine vitamin A and D deficiency may vary based on ethnicity, age, and region of residence. The aim of this study was to determine the reference interval of circulating vitamin A and D levels among Iranian children and adolescents based on sex, age, and region of residence. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed with 2596 students 7 to 18 y of age from the CASPIAN-V (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non- communicable disease) study. A parametric method was used to define the age-specific reference values by obtaining smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the centile estimates and SD scores for both sexes and regions of residence. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the residents of rural and urban regions in terms of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and retinol concentration (P < 0.05). Boys (27 ± 8 versus 26.04 ± 10, P = 0.009). Children ages 7 to 12 y had higher serum 25(OH)D concentration than 13- to 18-y-old adolescents (26.96 ± 8 versus 26.04 ± 10, P = 0.007). The estimated reference interval for circulating 25(OH)D levels corresponding to the range between the 5th and 95th percentiles were 11.45 to 48.40 ng/mL in boys and 9.51 to 47.69 ng/mL in girls. Estimated reference intervals for serum retinol concentration among boys and girls corresponding to the 5th and 95th percentiles were 0.58 to 3.38 and 0.58 to 4.52, respectively. There were significant variations in both retinol and 25(OH)D concentrations across different age groups. CONCLUSION This study established the reference intervals for circulating 25(OH)D and retinol levels in Iranian adolescents and children in different age groups based on sex and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khoramdad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dwivedi S, Kushalan S, Paithankar JG, D'Souza LC, Hegde S, Sharma A. Environmental toxicants, oxidative stress and health adversities: interventions of phytochemicals. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:516-536. [PMID: 33822130 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is the most common factor mediating environmental chemical-induced health adversities. Recently, an exponential rise in the use of phytochemicals as an alternative therapeutics against oxidative stress-mediated diseases has been documented. Due to their free radical quenching property, plant-derived natural products have gained substantial attention as a therapeutic agent in environmental toxicology. The present review aimed to describe the therapeutic role of phytochemicals in mitigating environmental toxicant-mediated sub-cellular and organ toxicities via controlling cellular antioxidant response. METHODS The present review has covered the recently related studies, mainly focussing on the free radical scavenging role of phytochemicals in environmental toxicology. KEY FINDINGS In vitro and in vivo studies have reported that supplementation of antioxidant-rich compounds can ameliorate the toxicant-induced oxidative stress, thereby improving the health conditions. Improving the cellular antioxidant pool has been considered as a mode of action of phytochemicals. However, the other cellular targets of phytochemicals remain uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the therapeutic value of phytochemicals to mitigate the chemical-induced toxicity is an initial stage; mechanistic understanding needs to decipher for development as therapeutics. Moreover, examining the efficacy of phytochemicals against mixer toxicity and identifying the bioactive molecule are major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Sharanya Kushalan
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Smitha Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. External modulators and redox homeostasis: Scenario in radiation-induced bystander cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108368. [PMID: 34083032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is imperative to maintain normal physiologic and metabolic functions. Radiotherapy disturbs this balance and induces genomic instability in diseased cells. However, radiation-induced effects propagate beyond the targeted cells, affecting the adjacent non-targeted cells (bystander effects). The cellular impact of radiation, thus, encompasses both targeted and non-targeted effects. Use of external modulators along with radiation can increase radio-therapeutic efficiency. The modulators' classification as protectors or sensitizers depends on interactions with damaged DNA molecules. Thus, it is necessary to realize the functions of various radio-sensitizers or radio-protectors in both irradiated and bystander cells. This review focuses on some modulators of radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) and their action mechanisms. Knowledge about the underlying signaling cross-talk may promote selective sensitization of radiation-targeted cells and protection of bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress Biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, India.
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Khojah Q, AlRumaihi S, AlRajeh G, Aburas A, AlOthman A, Ferwana M. Vitamin A and its dervatives effect on bone mineral density, a systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4089-4095. [PMID: 35136772 PMCID: PMC8797105 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_663_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Knudsen TB, Pierro JD, Baker NC. Retinoid signaling in skeletal development: Scoping the system for predictive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 99:109-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Singh R, Shaik L, Mehra I, Kashyap R, Surani S. Novel and Controversial Therapies in COVID-19. Open Respir Med J 2020; 14:79-86. [PMID: 33717367 PMCID: PMC7931150 DOI: 10.2174/1874306402014010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has led scientists all over the world to push for the identification of novel therapies for COVID-19. The lack of a vaccine and specific treatment has led to a surge of novel therapies and their publicity in recent times. Under these unprecedented circumstances, a myriad of drugs used for other diseases is being evaluated and repositioned to treat COVID-19 (example- Remdesivir, Baricitinib). While multiple trials for potential drugs and vaccines are ongoing, and there are many unproven remedies with little or no supporting evidence. Presently, discussions are revolving around the use of multivitamins (Vitamin, C, D, A), minerals (selenium, zinc), probiotics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and herbal remedies (curcumin, artemisinin, herbal drinks). Our review delves further into the details of some of these controversial therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romil Singh
- Department of Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Likhita Shaik
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ishita Mehra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, North Alabama Medical Center, Florence, AL, USA
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
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Alzaben AS. The Potential Influence of Vitamin A, C, and D and Zinc Supplements on the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes: An Updated Review of Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an ongoing viral epidemic that originated in China in December 2019. To date, no specific treatment is available for COVID-19. However, several studies have reported the benefits of vitamins A, C, and D and zinc in critically ill patients and in those with various infections, including respiratory infections and sepsis. The objective of this review is to discuss the potential role of vitamin A, C, and D and zinc supplementation in enhancing immune response, and reducing the severity of symptoms, and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. Several clinical studies have shown that different doses of vitamins A, C, and D and/or zinc supplements reduce the ventilator, length of intensive care unit stay, and mortality rate. Future randomized clinical trials are warranted to conclusively establish protocols for the optimal doses of vitamin A, C, and D, as well as zinc supplements for improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salman Alzaben
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, KSA
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50
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Jovic TH, Ali SR, Ibrahim N, Jessop ZM, Tarassoli SP, Dobbs TD, Holford P, Thornton CA, Whitaker IS. Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2550. [PMID: 32842513 PMCID: PMC7551685 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The role of vitamin and mineral supplementation or "immunonutrition" has previously been explored in a number of clinical trials in intensive care settings, and there are several hypotheses to support their routine use. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate whether vitamin supplementation is beneficial in COVID-19. A systematic search strategy with a narrative literature summary was designed, using the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials Register, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry, and Nexis media databases. The immune-mediating, antioxidant and antimicrobial roles of vitamins A to E were explored and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19 was evaluated. The major topics extracted for narrative synthesis were physiological and immunological roles of each vitamin, their role in respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and COVID-19. Vitamins A to E highlighted potentially beneficial roles in the fight against COVID-19 via antioxidant effects, immunomodulation, enhancing natural barriers, and local paracrine signaling. Level 1 and 2 evidence supports the use of thiamine, vitamin C, and vitamin D in COVID-like respiratory diseases, ARDS, and sepsis. Although there are currently no published clinical trials due to the novelty of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is pathophysiologic rationale for exploring the use of vitamins in this global pandemic, supported by early anecdotal reports from international groups. The final outcomes of ongoing trials of vitamin supplementation are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Jovic
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Stephen R Ali
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Nader Ibrahim
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Zita M Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Sam P Tarassoli
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Thomas D Dobbs
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
| | - Patrick Holford
- Institute for Optimum Nutrition, Ambassador House, Paradise Road, Richmond TW9 1SQ, UK;
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Sciences 1, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PY, UK;
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PY, UK; (N.I.); (Z.M.J.); (S.P.T.); (T.D.D.)
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA66NL, UK
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