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Borowczyk M, Dobosz P, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Budny B, Dębicki S, Filipowicz D, Wrotkowska E, Oszywa M, Verburg FA, Janicka-Jedyńska M, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M. Follicular Thyroid Adenoma and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma-A Common or Distinct Background? Loss of Heterozygosity in Comprehensive Microarray Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:638. [PMID: 36765597 PMCID: PMC9913827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre- and postsurgical differentiation between follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) represents a significant diagnostic challenge. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether they share a common or distinct background and what the mechanisms underlying follicular thyroid lesions malignancy are. The study aimed to compare FTA and FTC by the comprehensive microarray and to identify recurrent regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples acquired from 32 Caucasian patients diagnosed with FTA (16) and FTC (16). We used the OncoScan™ microarray assay (Affymetrix, USA), using highly multiplexed molecular inversion probes for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The total number of LOH was higher in FTC compared with FTA (18 vs. 15). The most common LOH present in 21 cases, in both FTA (10 cases) and FTC (11 cases), was 16p12.1, which encompasses many cancer-related genes, such as TP53, and was followed by 3p21.31. The only LOH present exclusively in FTA patients (56% vs. 0%) was 11p11.2-p11.12. The alteration which tended to be detected more often in FTC (6 vs. 1 in FTA) was 12q24.11-q24.13 overlapping FOXN4, MYL2, PTPN11 genes. FTA and FTC may share a common genetic background, even though differentiating rearrangements may also be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Dębicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Oszywa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Frederik A. Verburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Vasudevan S, Flashner-Abramson E, Alkhatib H, Roy Chowdhury S, Adejumobi IA, Vilenski D, Stefansky S, Rubinstein AM, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Overcoming resistance to BRAF V600E inhibition in melanoma by deciphering and targeting personalized protein network alterations. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:50. [PMID: 34112933 PMCID: PMC8192524 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E melanoma patients, despite initially responding to the clinically prescribed anti-BRAFV600E therapy, often relapse, and their tumors develop drug resistance. While it is widely accepted that these tumors are originally driven by the BRAFV600E mutation, they often eventually diverge and become supported by various signaling networks. Therefore, patient-specific altered signaling signatures should be deciphered and treated individually. In this study, we design individualized melanoma combination treatments based on personalized network alterations. Using an information-theoretic approach, we compute high-resolution patient-specific altered signaling signatures. These altered signaling signatures each consist of several co-expressed subnetworks, which should all be targeted to optimally inhibit the entire altered signaling flux. Based on these data, we design smart, personalized drug combinations, often consisting of FDA-approved drugs. We validate our approach in vitro and in vivo showing that individualized drug combinations that are rationally based on patient-specific altered signaling signatures are more efficient than the clinically used anti-BRAFV600E or BRAFV600E/MEK targeted therapy. Furthermore, these drug combinations are highly selective, as a drug combination efficient for one BRAFV600E tumor is significantly less efficient for another, and vice versa. The approach presented herein can be broadly applicable to aid clinicians to rationally design patient-specific anti-melanoma drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vasudevan
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Flashner-Abramson
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heba Alkhatib
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sangita Roy Chowdhury
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I A Adejumobi
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Vilenski
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Stefansky
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A M Rubinstein
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao X. Targeting Bcl-2 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188569. [PMID: 34015412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis deficiency is one of the most important features observed in neoplastic diseases. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a subset of proteins that act as decisive apoptosis regulators. Research and clinical studies have both demonstrated that the hyperactivation of Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic effects correlates with cancer occurrence, progression and prognosis, also having a role in facilitating the radio- and chemoresistance of various malignancies. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 inactivation has provided some compelling therapeutic advantages by enhancing apoptotic sensitivity or reversing drug resistance. Therefore, this pharmacological route turned into one of the most promising routes for cancer treatment. This review discusses some of the well-defined and emerging roles of Bcl-2 as well as its potential clinical value in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
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Amjad E, Asnaashari S, Sokouti B. The role of PI3K signaling pathway and its associated genes in papillary thyroid cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:11. [PMID: 34002322 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the well-differentiated types of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), often developed by genetic mutations and radiation. METHODS In this study, the public NCBI-GEO database was systematically searched. The eligible datasets were the targets for biomarker discovery associated with PI3K signaling pathway. RESULTS Only two datasets were suitable and passed the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis outcomes revealed eleven upregulation and thirteen downregulation genes differentially expressed between PTC and healthy tissues. Moreover, the outcomes for survival and disease-free rates for each gene were illustrated. CONCLUSIONS The present research suggests a panel signature of 24 gene biomarkers in diagnosing the PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amjad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Anticancer Effects of Cyclocarya paliurus Polysaccharide (CPP) on Thyroid Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/2768120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the role and mechanisms of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide on cell apoptosis in thyroid cancer (TC) cells. The apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells in vitro and tumor tissues in vivo induced by Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometric assay. The downstream molecules including phosphop-protein kinase B (p-Akt), Akt, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in tumor tissue were evaluated by western blotting. MTT and flow cytometry assay in vitro revealed Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide-induced apoptosis of thyroid cancer cell line in a manner of time-dependent and dose-dependent. In vivo assay showed 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide significantly suppressed the proliferation of thyroid cancer in mice. Western blotting showed downregulation of p-Akt, Akt, and Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax. These results suggest that Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide may enhance thyroid cancer cell apoptosis by suppressing the activation of p-Akt, Akt, and Bcl-2 and activating Bax, which provide a novel use of CPP as a thyroid cancer treatment.
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The BH3 mimetic compound BH3I-1 impairs mitochondrial dynamics and promotes stress response in addition to its pro-apoptotic key function. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:369-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gunda V, Sarosiek KA, Brauner E, Kim YS, Amin S, Zhou Z, Letai A, Parangi S. Inhibition of MAPKinase pathway sensitizes thyroid cancer cells to ABT-737 induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2017; 395:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Broecker-Preuss M, Becher-Boveleth N, Müller S, Mann K. The BH3 mimetic drug ABT-737 induces apoptosis and acts synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs in thyroid carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 27042160 PMCID: PMC4818940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dedifferentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas that do not take up radioiodine are resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment and external irradiation and thus are difficult to treat. Direct induction of apoptosis is a promising approach in these apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. The BH3 mimetic ABT-737 belongs to a new class of drugs that target anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family and facilitate cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ABT-737 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs on thyroid carcinoma cell lines. METHODS A total of 16 cell lines derived from follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were treated with ABT-737. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. Cell death was determined by cell cycle phase distribution and subG1 peak analyses, determination of caspase 3/7 activity and caspase cleavage products, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation assays and LC3 analysis by western blot. RESULTS The number of viable cells was decreased in all cell lines examined after ABT-737 treatment, with IC50 values ranging from 0.73 to 15.6 μM. Biochemical markers of apoptosis like caspase activities, caspase cleavage products and DNA fragmentation determined as SubG1 peak were elevated after ABT-737 treatment, but no LC3 cleavage was induced by ABT-737 indicating no autophagic processes. In combination with doxorubicin and gemcitabine, ABT-737 showed synergistic effects on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS With these experiments we demonstrated the efficacy of the BH3 mimetic drug ABT-737 against dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells of various histological origins and showed synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic drugs. ABT-737-treated cells underwent an apoptotic cell death. ABT-737 and related BH3 mimetic drugs, alone or in combination, may thus be of value as a new therapeutic option for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Becher-Boveleth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ; Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, Munich, Germany
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Pandey MK, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Deb L, Huang J, Karelia DN, Amin SG, Aggarwal BB. Targeting Cell Survival Proteins for Cancer Cell Death. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:11. [PMID: 26927133 PMCID: PMC4812375 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010011; 10.3390/biomedicines5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Escaping from cell death is one of the adaptations that enable cancer cells to stave off anticancer therapies. The key players in avoiding apoptosis are collectively known as survival proteins. Survival proteins comprise the Bcl-2, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), and heat shock protein (HSP) families. The aberrant expression of these proteins is associated with a range of biological activities that promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. Several therapeutic strategies that target survival proteins are based on mimicking BH3 domains or the IAP-binding motif or competing with ATP for the Hsp90 ATP-binding pocket. Alternative strategies, including use of nutraceuticals, transcriptional repression, and antisense oligonucleotides, provide options to target survival proteins. This review focuses on the role of survival proteins in chemoresistance and current therapeutic strategies in preclinical or clinical trials that target survival protein signaling pathways. Recent approaches to target survival proteins-including nutraceuticals, small-molecule inhibitors, peptides, and Bcl-2-specific mimetic are explored. Therapeutic inventions targeting survival proteins are promising strategies to inhibit cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. However, complete eradication of resistance is a distant dream. For a successful clinical outcome, pretreatment with novel survival protein inhibitors alone or in combination with conventional therapies holds great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Deepkamal N Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Targeting Cell Survival Proteins for Cancer Cell Death. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010011. [PMID: 26927133 PMCID: PMC4812375 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escaping from cell death is one of the adaptations that enable cancer cells to stave off anticancer therapies. The key players in avoiding apoptosis are collectively known as survival proteins. Survival proteins comprise the Bcl-2, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), and heat shock protein (HSP) families. The aberrant expression of these proteins is associated with a range of biological activities that promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. Several therapeutic strategies that target survival proteins are based on mimicking BH3 domains or the IAP-binding motif or competing with ATP for the Hsp90 ATP-binding pocket. Alternative strategies, including use of nutraceuticals, transcriptional repression, and antisense oligonucleotides, provide options to target survival proteins. This review focuses on the role of survival proteins in chemoresistance and current therapeutic strategies in preclinical or clinical trials that target survival protein signaling pathways. Recent approaches to target survival proteins-including nutraceuticals, small-molecule inhibitors, peptides, and Bcl-2-specific mimetic are explored. Therapeutic inventions targeting survival proteins are promising strategies to inhibit cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. However, complete eradication of resistance is a distant dream. For a successful clinical outcome, pretreatment with novel survival protein inhibitors alone or in combination with conventional therapies holds great promise.
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Juin P, Geneste O, Gautier F, Depil S, Campone M. Decoding and unlocking the BCL-2 dependency of cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:455-65. [PMID: 23783119 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are subject to many apoptotic stimuli that would kill them were it not for compensatory prosurvival alterations. BCL-2-like (BCL-2L) proteins contribute to such aberrant behaviour by engaging a network of interactions that is potent at promoting survival but that is also fragile: inhibition of a restricted number of interactions may suffice to trigger cancer cell death. Currently available and novel compounds that inhibit these interactions could be efficient therapeutic agents if this phenotype of BCL-2L dependence was better understood at a molecular, cellular and systems level and if it could be diagnosed by relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Juin
- Team 8 Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer, UMR 892 INSERM / 6299 CNRS / Université de Nantes, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l'Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, 1 France.
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Erovic BM, Kim D, Cassol C, Goldstein DP, Irish JC, Asa SL, Mete O. Prognostic and predictive markers in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol 2012; 23:232-42. [PMID: 23150029 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-012-9225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unlike papillary thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma is insensitive to adjuvant treatment with radioactive iodine. The clinical management of patients with advanced or metastatic disease remains challenging since no effective systemic adjuvant therapy is available. We aimed to identify markers of aggressive disease and novel drugable protein targets that would provide systemic adjuvant treatment for patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma. We therefore examined morphologic features of aggressive behavior and the expression of 41 proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, inflammation, cell adhesion, tumor-specific markers, and WNT, SHH, and AKT pathways using tissue microarray from 23 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Protein expression was determined using computerized image analysis software. Statistical analysis was carried out to correlate clinical data with the average score for each marker. Angioinvasion proved to be the most reliable predictor of disease recurrence and death. The rate of angioinvasion was 43 %. All angioinvasive medullary thyroid carcinomas had locoregional and/or distant metastasis; 60 % of angioinvasive medullary thyroid carcinomas developed distant metastasis. We identified expression of several potentially important protein targets such as COX-1/2, Bcl-2a, Gst-π, Gli-1, Gli-2, Gli-3, and Bmi-1 that may be therapeutically targeted in medullary thyroid carcinoma. More importantly, the immunohistochemical profile of SSTRs in medullary thyroid carcinoma may also have clinical relevance for the administration of peptide receptor radionuclide treatment. Successful outcome of clinical trials directed against these novel targets would provide much needed systemic adjuvant treatment for patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma, and our data suggest the possibility of stratifying patients who are likely to require adjuvant therapy before their burden of disease precludes successful therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boban M Erovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dinets A, Hulchiy M, Sofiadis A, Ghaderi M, Höög A, Larsson C, Zedenius J. Clinical, genetic, and immunohistochemical characterization of 70 Ukrainian adult cases with post-Chornobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:1049-60. [PMID: 22457234 PMCID: PMC3361791 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is observed as a consequence of radiation exposure in connection to the Chornobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. In this study, we report a cohort of adult Ukrainian patients diagnosed with PTC from 2004 to 2008 following exposure at the age of 18 years or younger. METHODS In total, 70 patients were identified and clinically characterized. The common BRAF 1799T>A mutation was assessed by pyrosequencing, the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 (NCOA4) rearrangements by RT-PCR, and the expression of Ki-67 (MIB-1 index), BCL2, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, 46/70 (66%) cases carried a BRAF mutation and/or a RET/PTC rearrangement. A BRAF mutation was detected in 26 tumors, RET/PTC1 in 20 cases, and RET/PTC3 in four cases. In four of these cases, BRAF mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement were coexisting. The BRAF mutation was underrepresented among PTCs with accompanying chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) compared with PTCs without this feature (12 vs 44%). MIB-1 proliferation index determined by double staining with leukocyte common antigen was low (mean 0.8%; range 0.05-4.5%). Moreover, increased expression of cyclin A was observed in PTCs with a tumor size >2 cm compared with PTCs ≤2 cm (1.2 vs 0.6%). BCL2 and cyclin D1 showed frequent expression but without associations to clinical characteristics or amplification of the CCND1 locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that this cohort has frequent BRAF mutation, RET/PTC1 rearrangement, and low proliferation index. Furthermore, BRAF 1799T>A was underrepresented in PTCs with CLT, and cyclin A expression was associated with increased PTC tumor size.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/etiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin A/analysis
- Cyclin D1/analysis
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators/genetics
- Patched Receptors
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Thyroid Neoplasms/chemistry
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- USSR
- Ukraine/epidemiology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Mykola Hulchiy
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
| | - Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
- Department of Pathology-CytologyKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
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Wunderlich A, Arndt T, Fischer M, Roth S, Ramaswamy A, Greene BH, Brendel C, Hinterseher U, Bartsch DK, Hoffmann S. Targeting the proteasome as a promising therapeutic strategy in thyroid cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:357-64. [PMID: 22006286 DOI: 10.1002/jso.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system by using proteasome inhibitors represents a novel approach for cancer therapy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a subtype of thyroid cancer (TC), fails to respond to conventional TC treatment. Here we investigated the effects of bortezomib on TC in vitro. Further, the study aimed to evaluate its potential for TC treatment in vivo. METHODS Three anaplastic (Hth74, C643, Kat4), one follicular (FTC133), and one papillary (TPC1) TC cell lines were used. Antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and transcriptional effects of bortezomib treatment were analyzed in vitro and growth inhibition of ATC xenografts in vivo. Tumor samples were analyzed by Ki67, CD31, caspase-3, and NF-κB immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro, bortezomib inhibited proliferation of TC cells (IC(50) 4-10 nM), increased caspase-3 activity and induced cell cycle arrest. NF-κB activity was affected differently. In vivo, bortezomib treatment was effective in reducing tumor volume (up to 74%), accompanied by reduced proliferation (Ki67) and 57% reduced tumor vascularity. CONCLUSION Proteasome inhibition is effective in reducing cell growth and inducing apoptosis of ATC in vitro and inhibiting tumor growth and vascularity in vivo. However, the impact on nuclear transcription remains controversial. Clinical evaluation of bortezomib treatment in ATC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Wunderlich
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Bax activation by engagement with, then release from, the BH3 binding site of Bcl-xL. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 31:832-44. [PMID: 21173168 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00161-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 homologues (such as Bcl-x(L)) promote survival in part through sequestration of "activator" BH3-only proteins (such as Puma), preventing them from directly activating Bax. It is thus assumed that inhibition of interactions between activators and Bcl-x(L) is a prerequisite for small molecules to antagonize Bcl-x(L) and induce cell death. The biological properties, described here of a terphenyl-based alpha-helical peptidomimetic inhibitor of Bcl-x(L) attest that displacement of Bax from Bcl-x(L) is also critical. Terphenyl 14 triggers Bax-dependent but Puma-independent cell death, disrupting Bax/Bcl-x(L) interactions without affecting Puma/Bcl-x(L) interactions. In cell-free assays, binding of inactive Bax to Bcl-x(L), followed by its displacement from Bcl-x(L) by terphenyl 14, produces mitochondrially permeabilizing Bax molecules. Moreover, the peptidomimetic kills yeast cells that express Bax and Bcl-x(L), and it uses Bax-binding Bcl-x(L) to induce mammalian cell death. Likewise, ectopic expression of Bax in yeast and mammalian cells enhances sensitivity to another Bcl-x(L) inhibitor, ABT-737, when Bcl-x(L) is present. Thus, the interaction of Bcl-x(L) with Bax paradoxically primes Bax at the same time it keeps Bax activity in check, and displacement of Bax from Bcl-x(L) triggers an apoptotic signal by itself. This mechanism might contribute to the clinical efficiency of Bcl-x(L) inhibitors.
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Hockenbery DM. Targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:476-489. [PMID: 20213841 DOI: 10.1002/em.20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several recent insights into the roles of mitochondria in cancer have renewed efforts to develop nongenotoxic therapies targeting mitochondrial proteins and functions. Mitochondria are central hubs for intrinsic apoptotic pathways that are activated by cellular stress and injury, and as a consequence, cancers often have defects in these pathways. Bcl-2, the first identified regulator of apoptotic cell deaths, was discovered as an oncogene in human cancers. BCL-2 inhibits mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis through local effects at mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Increased expression of BCL-2 and the related antiapoptotic proteins BCL-X(L), MCL-1, and BCL-W occurs in significant subsets of common cancer types (Table I) and is generally correlated with poor response. Although incomplete, the emerging understanding of BCL-2 functions through structural, biochemical, and organelle physiology studies has provided paths for targeting BCL-2 with small molecules. Cancer cells also exhibit metabolic differences with their normal cell counterparts, including aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, and unusual dependence on nutrient substrates such as glucose and glutamine. This knowledge has prompted reexamination of the potential cancer selectivity of previously identified mitochondriotoxic compounds, including approved drugs for other indications, and screening programs to identify new compounds with mitochondrial activities.
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Pacifico F, Leonardi A. Role of NF-kappaB in thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 321:29-35. [PMID: 19879919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common neoplasia of the endocrine system and accounts for approximately 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. Its incidence has rapidly grown over the past few decades. Although most thyroid carcinomas are of the well-differentiated papillary histology, and respond well to treatment with surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine ablation, tumors with more aggressive phenotype, such as follicular, poorly differentiated, anaplastic, and medullary cancers, lead to almost 1500 patient deaths annually. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate the biology of these carcinomas could be helpful to identify new molecules acting as novel targets for therapeutic intervention. NF-kappaB has been recently shown to play an important role in thyroid cancer for its ability to control the proliferative and the anti-apoptotic signaling pathways of thyroid neoplastic cells. Oncogenic proteins RET/PTC, RAS and BRAF, that are involved in many aspects of thyroid carcinogenesis, can induce NF-kappaB activation in papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid carcinomas, while constitutive de-regulated NF-kappaB activity has been found in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. A number of NF-kappaB inhibitors have been demonstrated to induce anti-proliferative effects and/or massive apoptosis, especially in combination with radio- or chemo-therapy. The results obtained suggest that targeting NF-kappaB could be a promising strategy for advanced thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pacifico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kim DH, Jarvis RM, Xu Y, Oliver AW, Allwood JW, Hampson L, Hampson IN, Goodacre R. Combining metabolic fingerprinting and footprinting to understand the phenotypic response of HPV16 E6 expressing cervical carcinoma cells exposed to the HIV anti-viral drug lopinavir. Analyst 2010; 135:1235-44. [PMID: 20390218 DOI: 10.1039/b923046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that the anti-viral drug, lopinavir, which is currently used as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor, could also inhibit E6-mediated proteasomal degradation of mutant p53 in E6-transfected C33A cells. In this study, C33A parent control cells and HPV16 E6-transfected cells were exposed to lopinavir at concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 microM. The phenotypic response was assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy directly on cells (the metabolic fingerprint) and on the cell growth medium (the metabolic footprint). Multivariate analysis of the data using both principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (PC-CVA) showed trends in scores plots that were related to the concentration of the drug. Inspection of the PC-CVA loadings vector revealed that the effect was not due to the drug alone and that several IR spectral regions including proteins, nucleotides and carbohydrates contributed to the separation in PC-CVA space. Finally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) could be used to predict the concentration of the drug accurately from the metabolic fingerprints and footprints, indicating a dose related phenotypic response. This study shows that the combination of metabolic fingerprinting and footprinting with appropriate chemometric analysis is a valuable approach for studying cellular responses to anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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