1
|
Sidorina A, Catesini G, Sacchetti E, Rizzo C, Dionisi-Vici C. Propionic Acidemia, Methylmalonic Acidemia, and Cobalamin C Deficiency: Comparison of Untargeted Metabolomic Profiles. Metabolites 2024; 14:428. [PMID: 39195524 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA), and cobalamin C deficiency (cblC) share a defect in propionic acid metabolism. In addition, cblC is also involved in the process of homocysteine remethylation. These three diseases produce various phenotypes and complex downstream metabolic effects. In this study, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach to investigate the biochemical differences and the possible connections among the pathophysiology of each disease. The significantly changed metabolites in the untargeted urine metabolomic profiles of 21 patients (seven MMA, seven PA, seven cblC) were identified through statistical analysis (p < 0.05; log2FC > |1|) and then used for annotation. Annotated features were associated with different metabolic pathways potentially involved in the disease's development. Comparative statistics showed markedly different metabolomic profiles between MMA, PA, and cblC, highlighting the characteristic species for each disease. The most affected pathways were related to the metabolism of organic acids (all diseases), amino acids (all diseases), and glycine and its conjugates (in PA); the transsulfuration pathway; oxidative processes; and neurosteroid hormones (in cblC). The untargeted metabolomics study highlighted the presence of significant differences between the three diseases, pointing to the most relevant contrast in the cblC profile compared to MMA and PA. Some new biomarkers were proposed for PA, while novel data regarding the alterations of steroid hormone profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress were obtained for cblC disease. The elevation of neurosteroids in cblC may indicate a potential connection with the development of ocular and neuronal deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sidorina
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Catesini
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Sacchetti
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rizzo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Xu A, Xue J, Qian W, Xu P, Hu Z, Chen C, Wu C. Development and validation of a deep eutectic solvent-assisted liquid-liquid extraction method for simultaneous quantification of six steroid hormones in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464413. [PMID: 37806044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been reported to be associated with endocrine system diseases. This paper proposes a novel procedure of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) to extract six steroid hormones (including cortisone, cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone) from serum coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of five types of L-proline, choline chloride, and citric acid-based DESs were tailored; the DES from L-proline and ethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:4 with 20 % acetonitrile was selected as the best-fit assisted solvent for the six steroid hormones compared with other DESs. The parameters for extraction by selected DES were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD), and the optimal extraction conditions are 200 µL of acetonitrile, 100 µL of the sample, and 80 µL of DES. Under optimum conditions, the method has good linear calibration ranges (between 0.07 ng mL-1 and 600 ng mL-1), correlation coefficients of determination (r2>0.99), and low limits of quantification (between 0.02 and 0.60 ng mL-1). The extraction recoveries were in the range of 81.84-114.43 %, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10 %.In general, the DES-LC-MS/MS method is a simple and environmentally-friendly method, which can be complementary to the presently available methods for determining steroid hormones in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Li
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Laprode (Zhejiang) Analysis Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jianyou Xue
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhineng Hu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vaňková M, Velíková M, Vejražková D, Včelák J, Lukášová P, Rusina R, Vaňková H, Jarolímová E, Kancheva R, Bulant J, Horáčková L, Bendlová B, Hill M. The Role of Steroidomics in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108575. [PMID: 37239922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological markers of AD vs. T2DM for each sex separately and propose models that would distinguish control, AD, T2DM, and AD-T2DM comorbidity groups. AD and T2DM differed in levels of some circulating steroids (measured mostly by GC-MS) and in other observed characteristics, such as markers of obesity, glucose metabolism, and liver function tests. Regarding steroid metabolism, AD patients (both sexes) had significantly higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, and 17-hydroxy progesterone, and lower estradiol and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, compared to T2DM patients. However, compared to healthy controls, changes in the steroid spectrum (especially increases in levels of steroids from the C21 group, including their 5α/β-reduced forms, androstenedione, etc.) were similar in patients with AD and patients with T2DM, though more expressed in diabetics. It can be assumed that many of these steroids are involved in counter-regulatory protective mechanisms that mitigate the development and progression of AD and T2DM. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the ability to effectively differentiate AD, T2DM, and controls in both men and women, distinguish the two pathologies from each other, and differentiate patients with AD and T2DM comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Vaňková
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Velíková
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Včelák
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lukášová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rusina
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vaňková
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jarolímová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radmila Kancheva
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bulant
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Horáčková
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Běla Bendlová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Umminger LF, Rojczyk P, Seitz-Holland J, Sollmann N, Kaufmann E, Kinzel P, Zhang F, Kochsiek J, Langhein M, Kim CL, Wiegand TLT, Kilts JD, Naylor JC, Grant GA, Rathi Y, Coleman MJ, Bouix S, Tripodis Y, Pasternak O, George MS, McAllister TW, Zafonte R, Stein MB, O'Donnell LJ, Marx CE, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. White Matter Microstructure Is Associated with Serum Neuroactive Steroids and Psychological Functioning. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:649-664. [PMID: 36324218 PMCID: PMC10061338 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Military service members are at increased risk for mental health issues, and comorbidity with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Largely overlapping symptoms between conditions suggest a shared pathophysiology. The present work investigates the associations among white matter microstructure, psychological functioning, and serum neuroactive steroids that are part of the stress-response system. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging was acquired from 163 participants (with and without military affiliation) and free-water-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) was extracted. Associations between serum neurosteroid levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO) and pregnenolone (PREGNE), psychological functioning, and whole-brain white matter microstructure were assessed using regression models. Moderation models tested the effect of mTBI and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mTBI on these associations. ALLO is associated with whole-brain white matter FAT (β = 0.24, t = 3.05, p = 0.006). This association is significantly modulated by PTSD+mTBI comorbidity (β = 0.00, t = 2.50, p = 0.027), although an mTBI diagnosis alone did not significantly impact this association (p = 0.088). There was no significant association between PREGNE and FAT (p = 0.380). Importantly, lower FAT is associated with poor psychological functioning (β = -0.19, t = -2.35, p = 0.020). This study provides novel insight into a potential common pathophysiological mechanism of neurosteroid dysregulation underlying the high risk for mental health issues in military service members. Further, comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI may bring the compensatory effects of the brain's stress response to their limit. Future research is needed to investigate whether neurosteroid regulation may be a promising tool for restoring brain health and improving psychological functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Umminger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Rojczyk
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Kinzel
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janna Kochsiek
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Mina Langhein
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara L. Kim
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim L. T. Wiegand
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason D. Kilts
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J. Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark S. George
- Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W. McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lauren J. O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NorthCarolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hatipoglu E, Hacioglu Y, Polat Y, Arslan HF, Oner S, Ekmekci OB, Niyazoglu M. Do neurosteroids have impact on depression and cognitive functions in cases with acromegaly? Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 66:101496. [PMID: 35952406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurosteroids (NSs) are a distinct hormone group and, they are known for their contribution into the status of mood and cognitive functions. Whether they are also involved in the mood disturbances and cognition in acromegaly is not known. Herein we aimed to evaluate the relation of mood status and cognitive functions with the NS levels in cases with acromegaly. DESIGN A total of 33 cases with acromegaly composed the acromegaly group (AG) and, 30 age and gender-matched cases without acromegaly composed the control group (CG). The levels of Allopregnanolone (AP), pregnenolone (PRG), 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androsterone (ADT), GH and IGF-1 were measured in each group. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms, whereas an extensive neuropsychological assessment with several neurocognitive tests were carried out for each subject by an experienced psychologist. RESULTS Cases with acromegaly had lower 24OHC and DHEA levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively) in comparison to CG. Of the cognitive functions time to complete 1 s Series was significantly higher and, the scores on Switching Verbal Fluency Test, Boston Naming Test (BNT)-semantic and BNT-phonological, the highest learning point of Oktem Verbal Memory Processes Test (VMPT) were significantly lower in cases with acromegaly in comparison to those in controls (p = 0.004, p = 0.01, p < 0.001, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively). KAS-perseveration errors were higher in CG (p = 0.03). In AG the levels of AP were negatively correlated with the scores on Months backward Test (MBT), Animal Naming Test, Construction, BNT-spontaneous and positively correlated with BNT-incorrect answers; PRG was positively correlated with VMPT-retention scores, ADT was negatively correlated with MBT and 3 s Series scores, DHEAS was positively correlated with VMPT-the highest learning point whereas it was negatively correlated with MBT scores. Additionally, the scores on BDI were positively correlated with DHEA levels in AG. CONCLUSION Cognitive changes may be encountered in acromegaly and, neurosteroids may contribute to the changes in certain cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Hatipoglu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yalcin Hacioglu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health's Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Polat
- Department of Psychology, Ministry of Health's Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Furkan Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health's Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Oner
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Balci Ekmekci
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Niyazoglu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pautova A, Burnakova N, Revelsky A. Metabolic Profiling and Quantitative Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Current Methods and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:3597. [PMID: 34208377 PMCID: PMC8231178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a key biological fluid for the investigation of new potential biomarkers of central nervous system diseases. Gas chromatography coupled to mass-selective detectors can be used for this investigation at the stages of metabolic profiling and method development. Different sample preparation conditions, including extraction and derivatization, can be applied for the analysis of the most of low-molecular-weight compounds of the cerebrospinal fluid, including metabolites of tryptophan, arachidonic acid, glucose; amino, polyunsaturated fatty and other organic acids; neuroactive steroids; drugs; and toxic metabolites. The literature data analysis revealed the absence of fully validated methods for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and it presents opportunities for scientists to develop and validate analytical protocols using modern sample preparation techniques, such as microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and other potentially applicable techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Pautova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Laboratory of Human Metabolism in Critical States, Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Petrovka str. 25-2, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Burnakova
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Revelsky
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu W, Yuan D, Han M, Huang J, Xie Y. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of thirteen steroid hormones in human serum and its application to the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114059. [PMID: 33848916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous steroid hormones with similar structure, poor content and high efficacy are difficult and vital to be quantitatively detected. In this study, a validated method was established for the simultaneous quantification of thirteen steroids in human serum, and applied to the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of thirteen steroid hormones in human serum, including androstenedione, corticosterone (B), cortisol (F), cortisone, 18-hydroxycortisol (18OHF), 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, androstanolone and estradiol. Under the optimum conditions, method was achieved with a BEH Shield RP18 column within 18 min. The lower limits of quantitation for steroids were 0.08-7.81 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision for all the analytes were less than 15 %, and the accuracy ranged from -14.19 % to 12.89 % at three quality control levels. The proposed method, indicating high steady and sensitivity, was successfully applied to the quantification of thirteen steroids levels in serum from patients with T2DM and healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of 18OHF and F were significantly increased in the patients compared with the healthy individuals, while B was significantly decreased. The fold change was 1.98, 1.25 and 0.79 respectively. The ratio of 18OHF to B (18OHF/B) exhibited a 2.51-fold increase in T2DM patients and presented a more significant change. 18OHF/B was identified as a prospective serum marker, which deserves further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Daoyi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Minlu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Serum Levels Indicate Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of DHEA and Estradiol (E2) in Women at Term Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2823-2829. [PMID: 33772479 PMCID: PMC8523509 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) are associated with structural and functional changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Measurement of steroid levels in the CNS compartments is restricted in accessibility. Consequently, there is only limited human data on the distributional equilibrium for steroid levels between peripheral and central compartments. While some neuroactive steroids including DHEA and E2 have been reported to convey excitatory and proconvulsant properties, the opposite was demonstrated for P4. We aimed to elucidate the correlation between peripheral and central DHEA, E2, and P4 levels in women at term pregnancy. CSF and serum samples of 27 healthy pregnant women (22–39 years) at term pregnancy were collected simultaneously under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and used for DHEA ELISA and E2, and P4 ECLIA. All three neuroactive steroids were detected at markedly lower levels in CSF compared to their corresponding serum concentrations (decrease, mean ± SD, 97.66 ± 0.83%). We found a strong correlation for DHEA between its serum and the corresponding CSF levels (r = 0.65, p = 0.003). Serum and CSF levels of E2 (r = 0.31, p = 0.12) appeared not to correlate in the investigated cohort. DHEA serum concentration correlated significantly with E2 (r = 0.58, p = 0.0016) in CSF. In addition, a strong correlation was found between DHEA and E2, both measured in CSF (r = 0.65, p = 0.0002). Peripheral DHEA levels might serve as an indicator for central nervous levels of the neuroactive steroids DHEA and E2 in pregnant women.
Collapse
|
9
|
Biosynthesis and signalling functions of central and peripheral nervous system neurosteroids in health and disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:591-606. [PMID: 32756865 PMCID: PMC7517341 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are steroid hormones synthesised de novo in the brain and peripheral nervous tissues. In contrast to adrenal steroid hormones that act on intracellular nuclear receptors, neurosteroids directly modulate plasma membrane ion channels and regulate intracellular signalling. This review provides an overview of the work that led to the discovery of neurosteroids, our current understanding of their intracellular biosynthetic machinery, and their roles in regulating the development and function of nervous tissue. Neurosteroids mediate signalling in the brain via multiple mechanisms. Here, we describe in detail their effects on GABA (inhibitory) and NMDA (excitatory) receptors, two signalling pathways of opposing function. Furthermore, emerging evidence points to altered neurosteroid function and signalling in neurological disease. This review focuses on neurodegenerative diseases associated with altered neurosteroid metabolism, mainly Niemann-Pick type C, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Finally, we summarise the use of natural and synthetic neurosteroids as current and emerging therapeutics alongside their potential use as disease biomarkers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Teubel J, Parr MK. Determination of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid in the 21st century: A review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105753. [PMID: 32937199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Determination of steroid hormones synthesized by the human body plays an important role in various fields of endocrinology. Neurosteroids (NS) are steroids that are synthesized in the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is not only a source but also a target for neurosteroids. They are discussed as possible biomarkers in various cognitive disorders and research interest in this topic raises continuously. Nevertheless, knowledge on functions and metabolism is still limited, although the concept of neurosteroids was already introduced in the 1980s. Until today, the analysis of neurosteroids is truly challenging. The only accessible matrix for investigations of brain metabolism in living human beings is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which therefore becomes a very interesting specimen for analysis. However, neurosteroid concentrations are expected to be very low and the available amount of cerebrospinal fluid is limited. Further, high structural similarities of endogenous neurosteroids challenges analysis. Therefore, comprehensive methods, highly selective and sensitive for a large range of concentrations for different steroids in one aliquot are required and under continuous development. Although research has been increasingly intensified, still only few data are available on reference levels of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, published literature of the last twenty years, as a period with relatively contemporary analytical methods, was systematically investigated. Considerations on human cerebrospinal fluid, different analytical approaches, and available data on levels of in analogy to periphery conceivable occurring neurosteroids, including (pro-) gestagens, androgens, corticoids, estrogens, and steroid conjugates, and their interpretation are intensively discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Teubel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strac DS, Konjevod M, Perkovic MN, Tudor L, Erjavec GN, Pivac N. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its Sulphate (DHEAS) in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:141-157. [PMID: 32183671 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200317092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosteroids Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS) are involved in many important brain functions, including neuronal plasticity and survival, cognition and behavior, demonstrating preventive and therapeutic potential in different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of the article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature. The articles were selected considering their titles and abstracts. In the selected full texts, lists of references were searched manually for additional articles. RESULTS We performed a systematic review of the studies investigating the role of DHEA and DHEAS in various in vitro and animal models, as well as in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and provided a comprehensive discussion on their potential preventive and therapeutic applications. CONCLUSION Despite mixed results, the findings of various preclinical studies are generally supportive of the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, showing some promise for potential benefits of these neurosteroids in the prevention and treatment. However, so far small clinical trials brought little evidence to support their therapy in AD. Therefore, large-scale human studies are needed to elucidate the specific effects of DHEA and DHEAS and their mechanisms of action, prior to their applications in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka S Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea N Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana N Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morey RA, Davis SL, Haswell CC, Naylor JC, Kilts JD, Szabo ST, Shampine LJ, Parke GJ, Sun D, Swanson CA, Wagner HR, Marx CE. Widespread Cortical Thickness Is Associated With Neuroactive Steroid Levels. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1118. [PMID: 31798395 PMCID: PMC6862925 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroactive steroids are endogenous molecules with regenerative and neuroprotective actions. Both cortical thickness and many neuroactive steroid levels decline with age and are decreased in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, a systematic examination of the relationship between serum neuroactive steroid levels and in vivo measures of cortical thickness in humans is lacking. Methods Peripheral serum levels of seven neuroactive steroids were assayed in United States military veterans. All (n = 143) subsequently underwent high-resolution structural MRI, followed by parcellelation of the cortical surface into 148 anatomically defined regions. Regression modeling was applied to test the association between neuroactive steroid levels and hemispheric total gray matter volume as well as region-specific cortical thickness. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was used to control for Type 1 error from multiple testing. Results Neuroactive steroid levels of allopregnanolone and pregnenolone were positively correlated with gray matter thickness in multiple regions of cingulate, parietal, and occipital association cortices (r = 0.20–0.47; p < 0.05; FDR-corrected). Conclusion Positive associations between serum neuroactive steroid levels and gray matter cortical thickness are found in multiple brain regions. If these results are confirmed, neuroactive steroid levels and cortical thickness may help in monitoring the clinical response in future intervention studies of neuroregenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra A Morey
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah L Davis
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Naylor
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jason D Kilts
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Steven T Szabo
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Larry J Shampine
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gillian J Parke
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Delin Sun
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chelsea A Swanson
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Henry R Wagner
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Christine E Marx
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tay L, Leung B, Yeo A, Chan M, Lim WS. Elevations in Serum Dickkopf-1 and Disease Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:278. [PMID: 31680933 PMCID: PMC6803458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disruption of Wnt signaling has been implicated in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, the degree of which correlates with Alzheimer's disease severity. We sought to examine whether serum levels of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a Wnt antagonist, are associated with global disease progression in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: We prospectively followed 88 older adults with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD attending a Memory Clinic. Cognitive performance, functional performance and neuropsychological symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. We reviewed neuroimaging for white matter changes and medial temporal atrophy, and performed ApoE genotyping at baseline. Serum Dkk-1 was assayed at baseline and 1 year, along with blood biomarkers of inflammation and endocrine dysfunction. We defined global disease progression ("progressors") as an increase in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB) score by >2 points at 1 year. Results: Fifteen (17.0%) participants had global disease progression. At baseline, there was no difference in cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms between groups, although progressors were more impaired in instrumental activities of daily living (p = 0.008). Progressors had significantly greater deterioration in cognitive performance (p = 0.002), with significantly worse functional performance and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (p = 0.042) at follow-up. Serum inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers at baseline and 1 year were similar between progressors and non-progressors. Serum Dkk-1 had increased significantly from baseline amongst progressors, while non-progressors exhibited decremental Dkk-1 over time (Dkk-1change: 354.304 ± 670.467 vs. -173.582 ± 535.676 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender and baseline cognitive performance, incremental Dkk-1 independently predicted global cognitive decline (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our results suggest progressively dysfunctional Wnt signaling through Dkk-1 antagonism contributes to disease progression amongst older adults with MCI and mild-moderate AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard Leung
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey Yeo
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Chan
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pan X, Wu X, Kaminga AC, Wen SW, Liu A. Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:61. [PMID: 30983988 PMCID: PMC6449476 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Previous studies found inconsistent results for the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate previous studies' results on this relationship. Method: Studies related to this outcome were obtained using a systematic search from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Psyc-ARTICLES in March 2018. The random-effects model was used to measure the strength of the association between Alzheimer's disease and the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, using the standardized mean difference. Results: Thirty-one eligible studies were included in the final analysis. There was no statistically significant association between the level of dehydroepiandrosterone and Alzheimer's disease (standardized mean difference: 0.51, 95% confidence interval: -0.44 to 1.45, Z = 1.06, p = 0.29). On the other hand, lower level dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in controls (standardized mean difference: -0.69, 95% confidence interval: -1.17 to -0.22, Z = -2.84, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Decreased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations may be an important indicator for Alzheimer's disease, although whether dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate could be used as a diagnostic tool requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cruz DA, Glantz LA, McGaughey KD, Parke G, Shampine LJ, Kilts JD, Naylor JC, Marx CE, Williamson DE. Neurosteroid Levels in the Orbital Frontal Cortex of Subjects with PTSD and Controls: A Preliminary Report. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019838570. [PMID: 31276078 PMCID: PMC6604657 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019838570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurosteroids mediate stress signaling and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both preclinical and clinical studies. Compared to controls, subjects with PTSD exhibit altered neurosteroid levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid as well as hypoactivity in the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare neurosteroid levels in the mOFC of subjects with PTSD (n = 18) and controls (n = 35). Methods Gray matter was dissected from fresh-frozen mOFC, and levels of the neurosteroids pregnenolone, allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, epiallopregnanolone, epipregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and androsterone were determined by gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Results Analyses of unadjusted levels revealed that males with PTSD had significantly decreased levels of allopregnanolone (p = 0.03) compared to control males and females with PTSD had significantly increased levels of pregnenolone (p = 0.03) relative to control females. After controlling for age, postmortem interval, and smoking status, results showed that males with PTSD had significantly decreased levels of androsterone (t46 = 2.37, p = 0.02) compared to control males and females with PTSD had significantly increased levels of pregnanolone (t46 = -2.25, p = 0.03) relative to control females. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of neurosteroid levels in postmortem brain tissue of subjects with PTSD. Although replication is required in other brain regions and in a larger cohort of subjects, the results suggest a dysregulation of allopregnanolone and androsterone in males with PTSD and pregnanolone in females with PTSD in the mOFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne A. Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leisa A. Glantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kara D. McGaughey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gillian Parke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Shampine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason D. Kilts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham
VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham, NC,
USA
| | - Douglas E. Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham
VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Understanding how Age-Related Decline in Testosterone Affects Male Sexual Behavior: Neurosteroids as the Missing Piece. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-018-0175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
17
|
Schverer M, Lanfumey L, Baulieu EE, Froger N, Villey I. Neurosteroids: non-genomic pathways in neuroplasticity and involvement in neurological diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:190-206. [PMID: 29953900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are neuroactive brain-born steroids. They can act through non-genomic and/or through genomic pathways. Genomic pathways are largely described for steroid hormones: the binding to nuclear receptors leads to transcription regulation. Pregnenolone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, their respective sulfate esters and Allopregnanolone have no corresponding nuclear receptor identified so far whereas some of their non-genomic targets have been identified. Neuroplasticity is the capacity that neuronal networks have to change their structure and function in response to biological and/or environmental signals; it is regulated by several mechanisms, including those that involve neurosteroids. In this review, after a description of their biosynthesis, the effects of Pregnenolone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, their respective sulfate esters and Allopregnanolone on their targets will be exposed. We then shall highlight that neurosteroids, by acting on these targets, can regulate neurogenesis, structural and functional plasticity. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of neurosteroids in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases in which alterations of neuroplasticity are associated with changes in neurosteroid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Schverer
- Inserm U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Inserm U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Etienne-Emile Baulieu
- MAPREG SAS, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR 1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Methods in endogenous steroid profiling – A comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:101-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Bojar I, Pinkas J, Gujski M, Owoc A, Raczkiewicz D, Gustaw-Rothenberg K. Postmenopausal cognitive changes and androgen levels in the context of apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1148-1159. [PMID: 28883857 PMCID: PMC5575214 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.62869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus of this study was to assess cognitive functions in relation to androgens and specifically testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in postmenopausal women as well as the correlation between cognitive functions and these two androgens according to polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of 402 women was recruited to the study (minimum 2 years after the last menstruation, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) more than 30 U/ml and no dementia signs on Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. APOE genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Testosterone (TTE) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the blood serum were assessed for further statistical correlations analysis. RESULTS In the group of postmenopausal women, higher testosterone concentration was associated with lower scores for Neurocognition Index (NCI) (p = 0.028), memory (p = 0.008) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001). Presence of at least one APOE ε4 allele potentiated testosterone's negative influence on cognitive functions (p < 0.05). Woman with a high normal level of DHEA scored significantly better in verbal (p = 0.027) and visual memory (p < 0.001) than other participants. APOE polymorphism did not modify the relationship between DHEA concentration and scores for cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal balance variations after menopause may influence brain processes concerned with cognition, especially memory and psychomotor speed. The observed effects may be related to androgens' influence on higher cortical functions in the changed hormonal dynamics of the postmenopausal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bojar
- Department for Women Health, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pinkas
- School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfred Owoc
- Center for Public Health and Health Promotion, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasia Gustaw-Rothenberg
- Lou Ruvo Brain Wellness Center, Neurological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chrbolka P, Palúch Z, Hill M, Alušík Š. Circulating steroids negatively correlate with tinnitus. Steroids 2017; 123:37-42. [PMID: 28450069 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While not a disease entity in itself; symptoms of tinnitus (from Latin tinnio - clink) accompany a number of diseases. Tinnitus prevalence increases with age, deteriorates one's quality of life, and may even result in suicidal behavior. Tinnitus develops in response to a variety of risk factors, otoxic substances, noise exposure, hearing disorders, and psychological alterations. Tinnitus is closely related to mood, depression, and psychological state. In the present study, we focused on alterations of the steroid metabolome and particularly neuroactive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory steroids in patients with tinnitus. The study group consisted of 28 patients without evidence of an organic cause of tinnitus as well as without associated diseases or the effect of ototoxic medications. All patients underwent a complete audiological assessment and laboratory tests including routine biochemical markers and quantification of circulating steroids using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassays. To rule out a pathology in the cerebellopontine angle area, CT scan or MRI were performed. To diagnose stem lesions, evoked potentials were also measured. Pearson's correlations and multivariate regression were used to assess any links between tinnitus intensity and frequency on the one hand, and steroid levels on the other. Results indicated a significant and consistent negative correlation between tinnitus indices and intensity of adrenal steroidogenesis. The circulating steroid metabolome including hormones and neuroactive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory steroids negatively correlates with the degree of tinnitus due to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis malfunction. Our results may help explain the pathophysiology of tinnitus and improve its diagnosis. However, further studies are needed to verify our postulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Chrbolka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Thomayer Hospital, Czech Republic.
| | - Zoltán Palúch
- Institute of Pharmacology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Štefan Alušík
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lambert WS, Carlson BJ, Formichella CR, Sappington RM, Ahlem C, Calkins DJ. Oral Delivery of a Synthetic Sterol Reduces Axonopathy and Inflammation in a Rodent Model of Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:45. [PMID: 28223915 PMCID: PMC5293777 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies associated with aging and sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). The disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early progression in glaucoma involves dysfunction of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which comprise the optic nerve. Deficits in anterograde transport along RGC axons to central visual structures precede outright degeneration, and preventing these deficits is efficacious at abating subsequent progression. HE3286 is a synthetic sterol derivative that has shown therapeutic promise in models of inflammatory disease and neurodegenerative disease. We examined the efficacy of HE3286 oral delivery in preventing loss of anterograde transport in an inducible model of glaucoma (microbead occlusion). Adult rats received HE3286 (20 or 100 mg/kg) or vehicle daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Microbead occlusion elevated IOP ~30% in all treatment groups, and elevation was not affected by HE3286 treatment. In the vehicle group, elevated IOP reduced anterograde axonal transport to the superior colliculus, the most distal site in the optic projection, by 43% (p = 0.003); HE3286 (100 mg/kg) prevented this reduction (p = 0.025). HE3286 increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the optic nerve head and retina, while decreasing inflammatory and pathogenic proteins associated with elevated IOP compared to vehicle treatment. Treatment with HE3286 also increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor NFκB in collicular and retinal neurons, but decreased NFκB in glial nuclei in the optic nerve head. Thus, HE3286 may have a neuroprotective influence in glaucoma, as well as other chronic neurodegenerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi S Lambert
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Eye Institute Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian J Carlson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Eye Institute Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cathryn R Formichella
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Eye Institute Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Eye Institute Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - David J Calkins
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Eye Institute Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duarte AC, Hrynchak MV, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Santos CRA. Sex Hormone Decline and Amyloid β Synthesis, Transport and Clearance in the Brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27632792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones (SH) are essential regulators of the central nervous system. The decline in SH levels along with ageing may contribute to compromised neuroprotection and set the grounds for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. In Alzheimer's disease, besides other pathological features, there is an imbalance between amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, leading to its accumulation in the brain of older subjects. Aβ accumulation is a primary cause for brain inflammation and degeneration, as well as concomitant cognitive decline. There is mounting evidence that SH modulate Aβ production, transport and clearance. Importantly, SH regulate most of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, their transport across brain barriers for elimination, and their degradation in the brain interstitial fluid. This review brings together data on the regulation of Aβ production, metabolism, degradation and clearance by SH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M V Hrynchak
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yue XH, Tong JQ, Wang ZJ, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu XJ, Cai HY, Qi JS. Steroid sulfatase inhibitor DU-14 protects spatial memory and synaptic plasticity from disruption by amyloid β protein in male rats. Horm Behav 2016; 83:83-92. [PMID: 27222435 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related mental disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory and multiple cognitive impairments. The overproduction and aggregation of Amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, are closely involved in the memory loss in the patients with AD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Aβ-induced imbalance of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the brain plays an important role in the AD pathogenesis and progression. The level of DHEA is elevated, while DHEAS is dramatically decreased in the AD brain. The present study tried to restore the balance between DHEA and DHEAS by using a non-steroidal sulfatase inhibitor DU-14, which increases endogenous DHEAS through preventing DHEAS converted back into DHEA. We found that: (1) DU-14 effectively attenuated the Aβ1-42-induced cognitive deficits in spatial learning and memory of rats in Morris water maze test; (2) DU-14 prevented Aβ1-42-induced decrease in the cholinergic theta rhythm of hippocampal local field potential (LFP) in the CA1 region; (3) DU-14 protected hippocampal synaptic plasticity against Aβ1-42-induced suppression of long term potentiation (LTP). These results provide evidence for the neuroprotective action of DU-14 against neurotoxic Aβ, suggesting that up-regulation of endogenous DHEAS by DU-14 could be beneficial to the alleviation of Aβ-induced impairments in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Yue
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300100, PR China
| | - Jia-Qing Tong
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300100, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tay L, Lim WS, Chan M, Ye RJ, Chong MS. The Independent Role of Inflammation in Physical Frailty among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:288-99. [PMID: 26892578 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the independent and combined effects of inflammation and endocrine dysregulation on (i) baseline frailty status and (ii) frailty progression at one year, among cognitively impaired community dwelling older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary Memory Clinic. METHODS We recruited patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Physical frailty status was assessed at baseline and 1-year. Blood biomarkers of systemic inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and anabolic hormones [insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS)] were measured at baseline and examined in relation to physical frailty status at baseline and progression at 1-year. Each subject was categorized as (i) neither pro-inflammatory nor endocrine deficient, (ii) pro-inflammatory (IL-6 or TNF-α, or both, being in highest quartile) but not endocrine deficient, (iii) endocrine deficient (IGF-1 or DHEAS, or both, being in lowest quartile) but not pro-inflammatory and (iv) both pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient. RESULTS Twenty (20.2%) of 99 subjects were physically frail at baseline. There was no association between severity of cognitive impairment and baseline frailty status, but the frail group had significantly greater hippocampal atrophy (median MTA: 2 (2-3) vs 1 (1-2), p=0.010). TNF-α was significantly higher in subjects who were physically frail at baseline (median TNF-α: 1.30 (0.60-1.40) vs 0.60 (0.50-1.30) pg/mL, p=0.035). In multiple logistic regression adjusted for age and gender, a pro-inflammatory state in the absence of concomitant endocrine deficiency was significantly associated with physical frailty at baseline (OR=4.99, 95% C.I 1.25-19.88, p=0.023); this was no longer significant when MTA score was included in the model. Isolated pro-inflammatory state (without endocrine deficiency) significantly increased the odds of frailty progression (OR=4.06, 95% CI 1.09-15.10, p=0.037) at 1-year. The combination pro-inflammatory and endocrine deficient state was not significantly associated with either baseline or progressive physical frailty. CONCLUSION A pro-inflammatory state exerts differential effects on physical frailty, contributing to the increased risk of baseline and progressive frailty only in the absence of a concomitant endocrine deficient state, with potential mediation via neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tay
- Dr Laura Tay, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. Phone: 65-6359 6474, Fax: 65-6359 6294, E-Mail:
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Mattern C, Oudinet JP, Labombarda F, De Nicola AF, Liere P. Analytical challenges for measuring steroid responses to stress, neurodegeneration and injury in the central nervous system. Steroids 2015; 103:42-57. [PMID: 26301525 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Levels of steroids in the adult central nervous system (CNS) show marked changes in response to stress, degenerative disorders and injury. However, their analysis in complex matrices such as fatty brain and spinal cord tissues, and even in plasma, requires accurate and precise analytical methods. Radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, even with prepurification steps, do not provide sufficient specificity, and they are at the origin of many inconsistent results in the literature. The analysis of steroids by mass spectrometric methods has become the gold standard for accurate and sensitive steroid analysis. However, these technologies involve multiple purification steps prone to errors, and they only provide accurate reference values when combined with careful sample workup. In addition, the interpretation of changes in CNS steroid levels is not an easy task because of their multiple sources: the endocrine glands and the local synthesis by neural cells. In the CNS, decreased steroid levels may reflect alterations of their biosynthesis, as observed in the case of chronic stress, post-traumatic stress disorders or depressive episodes. In such cases, return to normalization by administering exogenous hormones or by stimulating their endogenous production may have beneficial effects. On the other hand, increases in CNS steroids in response to acute stress, degenerative processes or injury may be part of endogenous protective or rescue programs, contributing to the resistance of neural cells to stress and insults. The aim of this review is to encourage a more critical reading of the literature reporting steroid measures, and to draw attention to the absolute need for well-validated methods. We discuss reported findings concerning changing steroid levels in the nervous system by insisting on methodological issues. An important message is that even recent mass spectrometric methods have their limits, and they only become reliable tools if combined with careful sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Florencia Labombarda
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
SOSVOROVA L, MOHAPL M, HILL M, STARKA L, BICIKOVA M, VITKU J, KANCEVA R, BESTAK J, HAMPL R. Steroid Hormones and Homocysteine in the Outcome of Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S227-36. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is one of a few treatable conditions of cognitive decline affecting predominately elderly people. Treatment, commonly based on the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, leads to a partial or complete correction of patient's state, although its effect does not unfortunately always last. The aim of our study was to observe the changes of homocysteine and selected steroids and neurosteroids and follow-up the patients with respect to the duration of the NPH-related dementia improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, 16α-hydroxy-DHEA (all LC-MS/MS), DHEA-sulphate (DHEAS) (radioimmunoassay) and homocysteine (gas chromatography) were determined in NPH-diagnosed subjects before, during and 6, 12 and 24 months after shunt insertion. The cognitive functions ameliorated after shunt insertion and remain improved within 2 years. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid DHEAS, DHEA and its ratio, cortisone/cortisol and 16α-hydroxy-DHEA and plasma DHEAS, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, cortisone/cortisol and homocysteine were found. Mentioned changes may contribute to the clarification of NPH pathogenesis. Altered neurosteroids levels are possible indicators to be utilized in the follow-up of NPH subjects. Moreover, plasma homocysteine may serve as an early indicator of NPH-related dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. SOSVOROVA
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
DHEA metabolism to the neurosteroid androsterone: a possible mechanism of DHEA's antidepressant action. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3375-83. [PMID: 26105109 PMCID: PMC6309885 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in neurosteroid secretion have been implicated in the efficacy of antidepressants. In a previous study, the adrenal androgen DHEA, a precursor of the neurosteroid androsterone, produced antidepressant and libido-enhancing effects in patients with midlife depression. To investigate the mechanisms underlying DHEA's behavioral effects in this same patient group, we examined plasma levels of four additional neurosteroids implicated in the regulation of affective behavior. METHODS Blood samples were assayed for neurosteroids in men (n = 13) and women (n = 10) with midlife depression who previously participated in a crossover study in which DHEA and placebo were administered for 6 weeks each. Depression severity was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Plasma levels of androsterone (ADT), allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone were measured by GC-MS at baseline and week 6 of each treatment phase. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA-R) and Bonferroni t tests. RESULTS ADT levels (but not allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone) increased after DHEA but not after placebo (F 2,42 = 3.3, p < 0.05). Post-DHEA ADT levels were higher in women than men [t 63 = 2.9, p < 0.05]. However, in both men and women who met criteria for clinical response on the CES-D, baseline ADT levels significantly increased post-DHEA, and the magnitude of the ADT increase post-DHEA treatment was similar in men and women. Consequently, it was the non-responders who accounted for the sex difference in post-DHEA plasma ADT levels, a difference that was driven by values in two women (the only female non-responders). CONCLUSIONS The small sample size notwithstanding, these data emphasize the potential behavioral relevance of ADT in humans, which may include contribution to the antidepressant effects of DHEA.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sosvorova L, Hill M, Mohapl M, Vitku J, Hampl R. Steroid hormones in prediction of normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 152:124-32. [PMID: 25976421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable neurological disorder affecting elderly people with the prevalence increasing with age. NPH is caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption and manifested as a balance impairment, urinary incontinence and dementia development. These symptoms are potentially reversible if recognized early. Diagnosis of NPH is difficult and can be easily mistaken for other neurodegenerative disorders, which makes NPH one of the major misdiagnosed diseases worldwide. The aim of the study was to find out the appropriate combination of indicators, based on CSF steroids, which would contribute to a clearer NPH diagnosis. The levels of CSF cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 7α-OH-DHEA, 7β-OH-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, 16α-OH-DHEA and aldosterone (all LC-MS/MS) were determined in our patients (n=30; NPH, 65-80 years) and controls (n=10; 65-80 years). The model of orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) was constructed to predict NPH. Cortisone, 7α-OH-DHEA, 7β-OH-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, aldosterone, 7α-OH-DHEA /DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA/7α-OH-DHEA, 7β-OH-DHEA/7-oxo-DHEA and 16α-OH-DHEA/DHEA in the CSF were identified as the key predictors and the model discriminated patients from controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The suggested model would contribute to early and accurate NPH diagnosis, enabling promptly treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Sosvorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mohapl
- University Military Hospital Prague, Department of Neurosurgery, U Vojenske nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Youssef NA, Bradford DW, Kilts JD, Szabo ST, Naylor JC, Allen TB, Strauss JL, Hamer RM, Brunca M, Shampine LJ, Marx CE. Exploratory Investigation of Biomarker Candidates for Suicide in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. CRISIS 2015; 36:46-54. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clozapine and lithium increase neurosteroids in rodents, and both drugs demonstrate antisuicidal actions. We therefore hypothesized that neurosteroid levels may be reduced in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who completed suicide. Aims: To investigate neurosteroid levels in the parietal cortex and posterior cingulate in schizophrenia and bipolar patients who died by suicide, and compare them with patients with these disorders who died of other causes. Method: Neurosteroid levels were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the parietal cortex and posterior cingulate. Mann–Whitney analyses were conducted in exploratory post hoc analyses to investigate neurosteroids as possible biomarker candidates for suicide. Results: The study showed that pregnenolone was significantly decreased in the parietal cortex in the combined group of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who died by suicide (n = 13) compared with patients with these disorders who died of other causes (n = 17, p = .02). Pregnenolone levels were also lower in the parietal cortex in the individual group of schizophrenia patients who died by suicide (n = 4) compared with schizophrenia patients who died of other causes (n = 11) p = .04). Conclusion: Pregnenolone alterations may be relevant to the neurobiology of suicide in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagy A. Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W. Bradford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason D. Kilts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven T. Szabo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Trina B. Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert M. Hamer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mira Brunca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Shampine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maggio M, De Vita F, Fisichella A, Colizzi E, Provenzano S, Lauretani F, Luci M, Ceresini G, Dall'Aglio E, Caffarra P, Valenti G, Ceda GP. DHEA and cognitive function in the elderly. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:281-92. [PMID: 24794824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal prohormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate conjugate (DHEAS) steadily decrease with age by 10% per decade reaching a nadir after the age of 80. Both DHEA and DHEAS (DHEA/S) exert many biological activities in different tissues and organs. In particular, DHEA and DHEAS are produced de novo in the brain, hence their classification as neurosteroids. In humans, the brain-to-plasma ratios for DHEA and DHEAS are 4-6.5 and 8.5, respectively, indicating a specific neuroendocrine role for these hormones. DHEA/S stimulates neurite growth, neurogenesis and neuronal survival, apoptosis, catecholamine synthesis and secretion. Together with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-glucocorticoid properties, it has been hypothesized a neuroprotective effect for DHEA/S. We conducted an accurate research of the literature using PubMed. In the period of time between 1994 and 2013, we selected the observational human studies testing the relationship between DHEA/S and cognitive function in both sexes. The studies are presented according to the cross-sectional and longitudinal design and to the positive or neutral effects on different domains of cognitive function. We also analysed the Clinical Trials, available in the literature, having cognitive domains as the main or secondary outcome. Although the cross-sectional evidence of a positive association between DHEA/S and cognitive function, longitudinal studies and RCTs using DHEA oral treatment (50mg/day) in normal or demented adult-older subjects, have produced conflicting and inconsistent results. In summary, the current data do not provide clear evidence for the usefulness of DHEA treatment to improve cognitive function in adult-older subjects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Essential role of DHEA'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Francesca De Vita
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Alberto Fisichella
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Elena Colizzi
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Sandra Provenzano
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Michele Luci
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dall'Aglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma (PR), Italy; Outpatient Clinic for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Cognitive Disorders, AUSL, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marx CE, Lee J, Subramaniam M, Rapisarda A, Bautista DCT, Chan E, Kilts JD, Buchanan RW, Wai EP, Verma S, Sim K, Hariram J, Jacob R, Keefe RSE, Chong SA. Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of pregnenolone in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3647-62. [PMID: 25030803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical and clinical data suggest that pregnenolone may be a promising therapeutic in schizophrenia. Pregnenolone is neuroprotective and enhances learning and memory, myelination, and microtubule polymerization. Treatment with pregnenolone elevates allopregnanolone (a neurosteroid that enhances GABAA receptor responses) and pregnenolone sulfate (a positive NMDA receptor modulator). Pregnenolone could thus potentially mitigate GABA dysregulation and/or NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia via metabolism to other neurosteroids. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of adjunctive pregnenolone in schizophrenia. METHODS Following a placebo lead-in, 120 participants were randomized to pregnenolone or placebo for 8 weeks (Institute for Mental Health, Singapore). Primary endpoints were changes in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite scores (cognitive symptoms), UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B) composite scores (functional capacity), and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total scores (negative symptoms). A modified intent-to-treat analysis approach was utilized. RESULTS No significant changes compared to placebo were demonstrated in composite MCCB scores. In contrast, participants randomized to pregnenolone (n = 56) demonstrated greater improvements in functional capacity (UPSA-B composite changes) compared to placebo (n = 55), p = 0.03. Pregnenolone was also superior to placebo in the communication subscale of the UPSA-B (p < 0.001). Serum pregnenolone changes post-treatment were correlated with UPSA-B composite score changes in females (r s = 0.497, p < 0.042, n = 17) but not in males. Mean total SANS scores were very low at baseline and did not improve further post-treatment. Pregnenolone was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Pregnenolone improved functional capacity in participants with schizophrenia, but did not improve cognitive symptoms over an 8-week treatment period. Neurosteroid changes correlated with functional improvements in female participants. Neurosteroid interventions may exhibit promise as new therapeutic leads for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Marx
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Smith CC, Martin SC, Sugunan K, Russek SJ, Gibbs TT, Farb DH. A role for picomolar concentrations of pregnenolone sulfate in synaptic activity-dependent Ca2+ signaling and CREB activation. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:390-8. [PMID: 25057049 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast excitatory synaptic transmission that is contingent upon N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function contributes to core information flow in the central nervous system and to the plasticity of neural circuits that underlie cognition. Hypoactivity of excitatory NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission is hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, including the associated cognitive deficits. The neurosteroid pregnenolone (PREG) and its metabolites pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) and allopregnanolone in serum are inversely associated with cognitive improvements after oral PREG therapy, raising the possibility that brain neurosteroid levels may be modulated therapeutically. PregS is derived from PREG, the precursor of all neurosteroids, via a single sulfation step and is present at low nanomolar concentrations in the central nervous system. PregS, but not PREG, augments long-term potentiation and cognitive performance in animal models of learning and memory. In this report, we communicate the first observation that PregS, but not PREG, is a potent (EC50 ∼2 pM) enhancer of intracellular Ca(2+) that is contingent upon neuronal activity, NMDAR-mediated synaptic activity, and L-type Ca(2+) channel activity. Low picomolar PregS similarly activates cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation (within 10 minutes), an essential memory molecule, via an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Taken together, the results are consistent with a novel biologic role for the neurosteroid PregS that acts at picomolar concentrations to intensify the intracellular response to glutamatergic signaling at synaptic but not extrasynaptic, NMDARs by differentially augmenting CREB activation. This provides a genomic signal transduction mechanism by which PregS could participate in memory consolidation of relevance to cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor C Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stella C Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kavitha Sugunan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley J Russek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terrell T Gibbs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David H Farb
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology (C.C.S., S.C.M., K.S., T.T.G., D.H.F.), Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Laboratory of Translational Epilepsy (S.J.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sripada RK, Welsh RC, Marx CE, Liberzon I. The neurosteroids allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone modulate resting-state amygdala connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:3249-61. [PMID: 24302681 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurosteroids allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are integral components of the stress response and exert positive modulatory effects on emotion in both human and animal studies. Although these antidepressant and anxiolytic effects have been well established, to date, little research has examined their neural correlates, and no research has been conducted into the effects of neurosteroids on large-scale networks at rest. To investigate the neurosteroid impact on intrinsic connectivity networks, participants were administered 400 mg of pregnenolone (N = 16), 400 mg of DHEA (N = 14), or placebo (N = 15) and underwent 3T fMRI. Resting-state brain connectivity was measured using amygdala as a seed region. When compared with placebo, pregnenolone administration reduced connectivity between amygdala and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, between amygdala and precuneus, and between amygdala and hippocampus. DHEA reduced connectivity between amygdala and periamygdala and between amygdala and insula. Reductions in amygdala to precuneus connectivity were associated with less self-reported negative affect. These results demonstrate that neurosteroids modulate amygdala functional connectivity during resting state and may be a target for pharmacological intervention. Additionally, allopregnanolone and DHEA may shift the balance between salience network and default network, a finding that could provide insight into the neurocircuitry of anxiety psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Suominen T, Haapala M, Takala A, Ketola RA, Kostiainen R. Neurosteroid analysis by gas chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 794:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
36
|
Sripada RK, Marx CE, King AP, Rajaram N, Garfinkel SN, Abelson JL, Liberzon I. DHEA enhances emotion regulation neurocircuits and modulates memory for emotional stimuli. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1798-807. [PMID: 23552182 PMCID: PMC3717538 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a neurosteroid with anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antiglucocorticoid properties. It is endogenously released in response to stress, and may reduce negative affect when administered exogenously. Although there have been multiple reports of DHEA's antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, no research to date has examined the neural pathways involved. In particular, brain imaging has not been used to link neurosteroid effects to emotion neurocircuitry. To investigate the brain basis of DHEA's impact on emotion modulation, patients were administered 400 mg of DHEA (N=14) or placebo (N=15) and underwent 3T fMRI while performing the shifted-attention emotion appraisal task (SEAT), a test of emotional processing and regulation. Compared with placebo, DHEA reduced activity in the amygdala and hippocampus, enhanced connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus, and enhanced activity in the rACC. These activation changes were associated with reduced negative affect. DHEA reduced memory accuracy for emotional stimuli, and also reduced activity in regions associated with conjunctive memory encoding. These results demonstrate that DHEA reduces activity in regions associated with generation of negative emotion and enhances activity in regions linked to regulatory processes. Considering that activity in these regions is altered in mood and anxiety disorders, our results provide initial neuroimaging evidence that DHEA may be useful as a pharmacological intervention for these conditions and invite further investigation into the brain basis of neurosteroid emotion regulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Christine E Marx
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony P King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nirmala Rajaram
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah N Garfinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - James L Abelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ray L, Khemka VK, Behera P, Bandyopadhyay K, Pal S, Pal K, Basu D, Chakrabarti S. Serum Homocysteine, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate and Lipoprotein (a) in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Aging Dis 2013; 4:57-64. [PMID: 23696950 PMCID: PMC3659251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VAD) are the major forms of dementia affecting elderly people, in which the levels of many metabolites are altered in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. These metabolites could be risk factors or potential biomarkers, but the significance of some of these are not clearly understood in the context of the disease pathogenesis. In the present study serum levels of homocysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and lipoprotein (a) or Lp(a) have been measured by ELISA using commercial kits in AD (n = 40), VAD (n = 40) and age matched control subjects (n = 40). The data are compared by ANOVA and post-hoc analysis. The serum homocysteine is markedly elevated compared to control both in AD and VAD subjects, but to a significantly higher extent in the latter. Lp(a) is increased in the serum of VAD subjects only compared to control. Likewise, serum DHEA-S level is lowered in AD but not in VAD compared to control. The analysis of the present data and those published by others suggest that alterations in homocysteine and Lp(a) in serum are indicators of vascular pathology in AD or VAD, while the lowering of serum DHEA-S is a consequence of AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Khemka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Prajna Behera
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Kausik Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Pal
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neuroscience, Kolkata, India
| | - Keya Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasis Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 414:246-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Adrenarche and middle childhood. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 22:327-49. [PMID: 22388879 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Middle childhood, the period from 6 to 12 years of age, is defined socially by increasing autonomy and emotional regulation, somatically by the development of anatomical structures for subsistence, and endocrinologically by adrenarche, the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here I suggest that DHEA plays a key role in the coordinated development of the brain and body beginning with middle childhood, via energetic allocation. I argue that with adrenarche, increasing levels of circulating DHEA act to down-regulate the release of glucose into circulation and hence limit the supply of glucose which is needed by the brain for synaptogenesis. Furthermore, I suggest the antioxidant properties of DHEA may be important in maintaining synaptic plasticity throughout middle childhood within slow-developing areas of the cortex, including the insula, thamalus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, DHEA may play a role in the development of body odor as a reliable social signal of behavioral changes associated with middle childhood.
Collapse
|
40
|
El Kihel L. Oxidative metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and biologically active oxygenated metabolites of DHEA and epiandrosterone (EpiA)--recent reports. Steroids 2012; 77:10-26. [PMID: 22037250 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a multifunctional steroid with a broad range of biological effects in humans and animals. DHEA can be converted to multiple oxygenated metabolites in the brain and peripheral tissues. The mechanisms by which DHEA exerts its effects are not well understood. However, evidence that the effects of DHEA are mediated by its oxygenated metabolites has accumulated. This paper will review the panel of oxygenated DHEA metabolites (7, 16 and 17-hydroxylated derivatives) including a number of 5α-androstane derivatives, such as epiandrosterone (EpiA) metabolites. The most important aspects of the oxidative metabolism of DHEA in the liver, intestine and brain are described. Then, this article reviews the reported biological effects of oxygenated DHEA metabolites from recent findings with a specific focus on cancer, inflammatory and immune processes, osteoporosis, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, the cardiovascular system, the brain and the estrogen and androgen receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laïla El Kihel
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UPRES EA-4258, FR CNRS INC3M, Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maggio M, Dall'Aglio E, Lauretani F, Cattabiani C, Ceresini G, Caffarra P, Valenti G, Volpi R, Vignali A, Schiavi G, Ceda GP. The hormonal pathway to cognitive impairment in older men. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:40-54. [PMID: 22238001 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In older men there is a multiple hormonal dysregulation with a relative prevalence of catabolic hormones such as thyroid hormones and cortisol and a decline in anabolic hormones such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, testosterone and insulin like growth factor 1 levels. Many studies suggest that this catabolic milieu is an important predictor of frailty and mortality in older persons. There is a close relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment with studies suggesting that development of frailty is consequence of cognitive impairment and others pointing out that physical frailty is a determinant of cognitive decline. Decline in cognitive function, typically memory, is a major symptom of dementia. The "preclinical phase" of cognitive impairment occurs many years before the onset of dementia. The identification of relevant modifiable factors, including the hormonal dysregulation, may lead to therapeutic strategies for preventing the cognitive dysfunction. There are several mechanisms by which anabolic hormones play a role in neuroprotection and neuromodulation. These hormones facilitate recovery after brain injury and attenuate the neuronal loss. In contrast, elevated thyroid hormones may increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, leading to neuronal damage or death. In this mini review we will address the relationship between low levels of anabolic hormones, changes in thyroid hormones and cognitive function in older men. Then, giving the contradictory data of the literature and the multi-factorial origin of dementia, we will introduce the hypothesis of multiple hormonal derangement as a better determinant of cognitive decline in older men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maggio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Increased serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in women with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2011; 23:1386-92. [PMID: 21729423 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610211000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that hypercortisolism contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the fact that excess glucocorticoid exposure has potent adverse effects on the central nervous system. In contrast, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been linked to a broad range of beneficial physiological effects including neuronal excitability and neuroprotection and even memory enhancing properties. Of note, proinflammatory cytokines are present in neuritic plaques (a hallmark of AD) and may regulate cortisol/DHEA release. In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that there is a flattened diurnal curve of cortisol and DHEA in mild to moderate AD, linked to increased cytokine levels. METHODS Diurnal profiles of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and DHEA were studied in 15 patients with mild to moderate AD (7 men and 8 women, 75.6 ± 5.5 years) and 15 healthy elderly controls (7 men and 8 women, 73.3 ± 5.8 years, respectively). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and soluble TNF receptors were analyzed. RESULTS Women with AD had significantly increased morning levels of ACTH, DHEA, and IL-6 compared to healthy elderly women. Cortisol levels were significantly increased in men with AD at 0300 h versus healthy elderly men, in spite of slightly decreased ACTH levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest important sex differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and steroid hormone clearance in patients with AD. Increased secretion of IL-6 may have a contributory role in this difference.
Collapse
|
43
|
Johansson P, Johansson JO, Labrie F, Mattsson N, Hansson O, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Wallin A, Ohlsson C, Svensson J. Mild dementia is associated with increased adrenal secretion of cortisol and precursor sex steroids in women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:301-8. [PMID: 21521348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex steroid levels decrease with increasing age, but little is known whether this is of importance for the age-related decline in cognitive function. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A cross-sectional study of 50 (26 men) consecutive patients under primary evaluation of cognitive impairment (D group) and 18 (9 men) matched healthy controls (C group). MEASUREMENTS Sex steroid and precursor levels were determined in serum and, when measurable, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and cortisol concentrations were measured using conventional assays. RESULTS Patients in the D group had higher 24-h urine cortisol levels and increased serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate ester dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), androsterone (ADT), and oestrone (E1) and its sulphate ester E1S, compared with the controls. When men and women were analysed separately, increased serum concentrations of E1 and E1S were observed in both D men and D women, whereas increased levels of other sex steroids and cortisol were seen only in D women. CONCLUSIONS In both D men and women, serum E1 and E1S levels were increased, whereas other changes were gender specific and only seen in D women. Further studies are needed to determine whether these changes are a cause of, or merely a consequence of, cognitive impairment in elderly subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Johansson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Hospital, Falköping,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marx C, Bradford D, Hamer R, Naylor J, Allen T, Lieberman J, Strauss J, Kilts J. Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence. Neuroscience 2011; 191:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are known to decline with age. In an era of increasing use of supplements to better life, the benefits of DHEA in the aging female population are controversial. The goal of this article is to critically review published studies to determine if there is a role for DHEA supplementation in postmenopausal women. RECENT FINDINGS Daily administration of oral DHEA achieves serum concentrations similar to those of women in their 20s. Several observational studies have shown that lower DHEA levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in women; however, interventional trials show no improvement in atherosclerosis or cardiovascular risk factors, and a lowering of HDL cholesterol levels. DHEA supplementation modestly increases bone mineral density in conjunction with adjuvant therapies and improves cognition in those with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, but does not affect cognition in unimpaired women. Use of intravaginal DHEA, but not oral DHEA, alleviates vaginal atrophy and improves sexual function in postmenopausal women. SUMMARY On the basis of current evidence, there is no role for oral DHEA supplementation in healthy, postmenopausal women. Where benefits have been shown, long-term studies are needed to confirm these benefits and verify the safety profile of DHEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachna M Goel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Luchetti S, Huitinga I, Swaab DF. Neurosteroid and GABA-A receptor alterations in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Neuroscience 2011; 191:6-21. [PMID: 21514366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (e.g. estrogens, androgens, progestagens) which are synthesized de novo or metabolized within the CNS are called neurosteroids. There is substantial evidence from animal studies suggesting that these steroids can affect brain function by modulating neurotransmission, and influence neuronal survival, neuronal and glial differentiation and myelination in the CNS by regulating gene expression of neurotrophic factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. Indeed, evidence is emerging that expression of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of neurosteroids changes in neurodegenerative diseases. Some of these changes may contribute to the pathology, while others, conversely, may represent an attempted rescue program in the diseased brain. Here we review the data on changes in neurosteroid levels and neurosteroid synthesis pathways in the human brain in three neurodegenerative conditions, Alzheimers's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the extent to which these findings may implicate protective or pathological roles for neurosteroids in the course of these diseases.Some neurosteroids can modulate neurotransmitter activity, for example, the pregnane steroids allopregnanolone and 3α5α-tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone which are potent positive allosteric modulators of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. Therefore, neurosteroid-modulated GABA-A receptor subunit alterations found in AD and PD will also be discussed. These data imply an involvement of neurosteroid changes in the neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes and suggest that they may deserve further investigation as potential therapeutic agents in AD, PD and MS. Finally, suggestions for therapeutic strategies will be included. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroactive Steroids: Focus on Human Brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Luchetti
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Borowicz KK, Piskorska B, Banach M, Czuczwar SJ. Neuroprotective actions of neurosteroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:50. [PMID: 22649375 PMCID: PMC3355955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids were initially defined as steroid hormones locally synthesized within the nervous tissue. Subsequently, they were described as steroid hormone derivatives that devoid hormonal action but still affect neuronal excitability through modulation of ionotropic receptors. Neurosteroids are further subdivided into natural (produced in the brain) and synthetic. Some authors distinguish between hormonal and regular neurosteroids in the group of natural ones. The latter group, including hormone metabolites like allopregnanolone or tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, is devoid of hormonal activity. Both hormones and their derivatives share, however, most of the physiological functions. It is usually very difficult to distinguish the effects of hormones and their metabolites. All these substances may influence seizure phenomena and exhibit neuroprotective effects. Neuroprotection offered by steroid hormones may be realized in both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms and involve regulation of the pro- and anti-apoptotic factors expression, intracellular signaling pathways, neurotransmission, oxidative, and inflammatory processes. Since regular neurosteroids show no affinity for steroid receptors, they may act only in a non-genomic mode. Multiple studies have been conducted so far to show efficacy of neurosteroids in the treatment of the central and peripheral nervous system injury, ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, or seizures. In this review we focused primarily on neurosteroid mechanisms of action and their role in the process of neurodegeneration. Most of the data refers to results obtained in experimental studies. However, it should be realized that knowledge about neuroactive steroids remains still incomplete and requires confirmation in clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K. Borowicz
- Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical UniversityLublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Piskorska
- Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical UniversityLublin, Poland
| | - Monika Banach
- Experimental Neuropathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical UniversityLublin, Poland
| | - Stanislaw J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical UniversityLublin, Poland
- Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Agricultural MedicineLublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Stanislaw J. Czuczwar, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sinha M, Saha A, Basu S, Pal K, Chakrabarti S. Aging and antioxidants modulate rat brain levels of homocysteine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S): Implications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 483:123-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Azizi H, Mehrjardi NZ, Shahbazi E, Hemmesi K, Bahmani MK, Baharvand H. Dehydroepiandrosterone Stimulates Neurogenesis in Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cell- and Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors and Induces Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:809-18. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges-Zare Mehrjardi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahbazi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Hemmesi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirza Khalil Bahmani
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Naylor JC, Kilts JD, Hulette CM, Steffens DC, Blazer DG, Ervin JF, Strauss JL, Allen TB, Massing MW, Payne VM, Youssef NA, Shampine LJ, Marx CE. Allopregnanolone levels are reduced in temporal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to cognitively intact control subjects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:951-9. [PMID: 20488256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neurosteroid allopregnanolone has pronounced neuroprotective actions, increases myelination, and enhances neurogenesis. Evidence suggests that allopregnanolone dysregulation may play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Our prior data demonstrate that allopregnanolone is reduced in prefrontal cortex in male patients with AD compared to male cognitively intact control subjects, and inversely correlated with neuropathological disease stage (Braak and Braak). We therefore determined if allopregnanolone levels are also reduced in AD patients compared to control subjects in temporal cortex, utilizing a larger set of samples from both male and female patients. In addition, we investigated if neurosteroids are altered in subjects who are APOE4 allele carriers. Allopregnanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and pregnenolone levels were determined in temporal cortex postmortem samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, preceded by high performance liquid chromatography (40 subjects with AD/41 cognitively intact control subjects). Allopregnanolone levels are reduced in temporal cortex in patients with AD (median 2.68 ng/g, n=40) compared to control subjects (median 5.64 ng/g, n=41), Mann-Whitney p=0.0002, and inversely correlated with Braak and Braak neuropathological disease stage (Spearman r=-0.38, p=0.0004). DHEA and pregnenolone are increased in patients with AD compared to control subjects. Patients carrying an APOE4 allele demonstrate reduced allopregnanolone levels in temporal cortex (Mann-Whitney p=0.04). In summary, our findings indicate that neurosteroids are altered in temporal cortex in patients with AD and related to neuropathological disease stage. In addition, the APOE4 allele is associated with reduced allopregnanolone levels. Neurosteroids may be relevant to the neurobiology and therapeutics of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Naylor
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|