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Dubey P, Reddy S, Sharma K, Johnson S, Hardy G, Dwivedi AK. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:483-495. [PMID: 38568339 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It has been associated with metabolic, reproductive, and psychiatric disorders. Despite its association with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the association between PCOS and CVD outcomes has been conflicting. This review reports the updated evidence between PCOS, insulin resistance, and CVD events. RECENT FINDINGS IR is highly prevalent occurring in 50 to 95% of general and obese PCOS women. The etiology of PCOS involves IR and hyperandrogenism, which lead to CVD risk factors, subclinical CVD, and CVD outcomes. Multiple studies including meta-analysis confirmed a strong association between PCOS and CVD events including ischemic heart disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, particularly among premenopausal women, and these associations were mediated by metabolic abnormalities. PCOS is highly familial and has substantial CVD risk and transgenerational effects regardless of obesity. A personalized approach to the CVD risk assessment and management of symptom manifestations should be conducted according to its phenotypes. Lifestyle modifications and reduction in environmental stressors should be encouraged for CVD prevention among PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| | - Sireesha Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Kunal Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ghislain Hardy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Niribili R, Jeyakumar S, Kumaresan A, Lavanya M, Sinha MK, Kausik M, Elango K, Patil S, Allu T, Veerappa VG, Manimaran A, Das DN, Bhuyan M, Ramesha KP. Prolonged follicular dominance is associated with dysregulated proteomic profile of the follicular fluid in Bos indicus cows. Theriogenology 2024; 213:34-42. [PMID: 37793223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged follicular dominance is one of the conditions associated with disconcerted follicular dynamics that result in substantial economic losses to the farmers through low reproductive efficiency in cattle. Hormonal aberrations associated with prolonged follicular dominance may affect the follicular microenvironment and composition of follicular fluid. The current study focused on proteome changes of follicular fluid in prolonged follicular dominance compared to physiological follicular dominance. Prolonged dominance was induced in Deoni cows (n = 6) by using CIDR (previously used for 7 days) from day 4-8 of estrus, with PGF2 injection on day 6 and day 7 at 12 h intervals. Follicular fluid was collected by ultrasound guided transvaginal follicular aspiration method. Global proteomic analysis of follicular fluid revealed 217 proteins in the Deoni cow, with the majority of proteins involved in 21 pathways, 42 molecular functions, and 106 biological processes. Complement and coagulation cascades (22.8%) and cholesterol metabolism (4.68%) were the major pathways in which identified proteins were involved. Comparison of physiological and prolonged dominant follicular fluid revealed differential expression of 26 proteins, of which 15 were upregulated and 11 were downregulated. Proteins involved in complement and coagulation cascades, and vitamin digestion and absorption were found to be dysregulated in PFD. The present study suggests that the expression of proteins involved in inflammation, oocyte metabolism, and ovulation cascade were found to be dysregulated in the follicular fluid of prolonged follicular dominance consequently resulting in delayed ovulation or anovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbangshi Niribili
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India.
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Maharajan Lavanya
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Majumder Kausik
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Kamaraj Elango
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Shivanagouda Patil
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Teja Allu
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Vedamurthy G Veerappa
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Ayyasamy Manimaran
- Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - D N Das
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
| | - Manjyoti Bhuyan
- Department of ARGO, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781 022, India
| | - K P Ramesha
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, India
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Liao M, Li X, Zhang H, Zhou L, Shi L, Li W, Shen R, Peng G, Zhao H, Shao J, Wang X, Sun Z, Zheng H, Long M. Effects and plasma proteomic analysis of GLP-1RA versus CPA/EE, in combination with metformin, on overweight PCOS women: a randomized controlled trial. Endocrine 2024; 83:227-241. [PMID: 37653215 PMCID: PMC10806039 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by reproductive dysfunctions and metabolic disorders. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) + Metformin (Met) versus cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE) + Met in overweight PCOS women and identify potential proteomic biomarkers of disease risk in women with PCOS. METHODS In this prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial, we recruited 60 overweight PCOS women into two groups at a 1:1 ratio to receive CPA/EE (2 mg/day: 2 mg cyproterone acetate and 35-μg ethinylestradiol,) +Met (1500 mg/day) or GLP-1 RA (liraglutide, 1.2-1.8 mg/day) +Met (1500 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The clinical effectiveness and adverse effects were evaluated, followed by plasma proteomic analysis and verification of critical biomarkers by ELISA. RESULTS Eighty(80%) patients completed the study. Both interventions improved menstrual cycle, polycystic ovaries, LH(luteinizing hormone) and HbA1c(hemoglobin A1c) levels after the 12-week treatment. GLP-1RA + Met was more effective than CPA/EE + Met in reducing body weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), and waist circumference, FBG(fasting blood glucose), AUCI(area under curve of insulin),TC (Total Cholesterol), IL-6(Interleukin-6) and improving insulin sensitivity, and ovulation in overweight women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects. CPA/EE + Met was more effective in improving hyperandrogenemia, including T(total testosterone), LH, LH/FSH(Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone), SHBG(sex hormone-binding globulin) and FAI (free androgen index). By contract, GLP-1RA+Met group only improved LH. Plasma proteomic analysis revealed that the interventions altered proteins involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification (PRDX6, GSTO1, GSTP1, GSTM2), platelet degranulation (FN1), and the immune response (SERPINB9). CONCLUSIONS Both CPA/EE+Met and GLP-1RA + Met treatment improved reproductive functions in overweight PCOS women. GLP-1RA + Met was more effective than CPA/EE + Met in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist, and improving metabolism, and ovulation in overweight women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects. CPA/EE + Met was more effective in reducing hyperandrogenemia. The novel plasma biomarkers PRDX6, FN1, and SERPINB9, might be indicators and targets for PCOS treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTIALS. GOV TRIAL NO NCT03151005. Registered 12 May, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03151005 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Univeristy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Rufei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guiliang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Univeristy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Babu A, Ramanathan G. Multi-omics insights and therapeutic implications in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 37079114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that causes adverse effects in women in their reproductive phase. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Over the last decade, sequencing and omics approaches have advanced at an increased pace. Omics initiatives have come to the forefront of biomedical research by presenting the significance of biological functions and processes. Thus, multi-omics profiling has yielded important insights into understanding the biology of PCOS by identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Multi-omics platforms provide high-throughput data to leverage the molecular mechanisms and pathways involving genetic alteration, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, protein interaction, and metabolic alterations in PCOS. The purpose of this review is to outline the prospects of multi-omics technologies in PCOS research by revealing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps and emerging treatment strategies for the management of PCOS. Future PCOS research in multi-omics at the single-cell level may enhance diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Vaez S, Parivr K, Amidi F, Rudbari NH, Moini A, Amini N. Quercetin and polycystic ovary syndrome; inflammation, hormonal parameters and pregnancy outcome: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13644. [PMID: 36317442 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Women with PCOS have a reduced total antioxidant level in addition to higher oxidative stress. Quercetin is a flavonol-type antioxidant that may be found in many foods. Does quercetin affect inflammatory and hormonal factors and clinical outcomes in PCOS patients? METHOD OF STUDY Seventy-two women with PCOS were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, and each received a daily dosage of 500 mg of Quercetin for the intervention group or a placebo for the control group for a period of 40 days from the start of the menstrual cycle until the day of ovulation. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, LH, FSH, and AMH were measured using ELISA. In addition, oocyte and embryo grade before IVF and pregnancy rate have been examined. RESULTS LH levels reduce significantly in the quercetin group (4.351.62 at baseline to 3.061.43 after 3 months) (p = .029). The results indicated that Quercetin significantly decreased TNF alpha levels in comparison to the pretest (p = .008). Following capsule administration, IL-6 levels significantly decreased in the quercetin group (p = .001). Except for Δ LH, ΔIL6, and ΔFSH, there was no significant difference in any of the hormones and inflammations parameter changes. CONCLUSION Quercetin consumption causes improvement in oocyte and embryo grade and the pregnancy rate in PCOS patients. As a result, regular consumption of Quercetin has been shown to decrease inflammatory and LH parameters, making it beneficial for the management of PCOS and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Vaez
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Parivr
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Rudbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Polycystic ovary syndrome and iron overload: biochemical link and underlying mechanisms with potential novel therapeutic avenues. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232133. [PMID: 36408981 PMCID: PMC9867939 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women with components of significant genetic predisposition and possibly multiple, but not yet clearly defined, triggers. This disorder shares several clinical features with hemochromatosis, a genetically defined inheritable disorder of iron overload, which includes insulin resistance, increased adiposity, diabetes, fatty liver, infertility, and hyperandrogenism. A notable difference between the two disorders, however, is that the clinical symptoms in PCOS appear at much younger age whereas they become evident in hemochromatosis at a much later age. Nonetheless, noticeable accumulation of excess iron in the body is a common finding in both disorders even at adolescence. Hepcidin, the iron-regulatory hormone secreted by the liver, is reduced in both disorders and consequently increases intestinal iron absorption. Recent studies have shown that gut bacteria play a critical role in the control of iron absorption in the intestine. As dysbiosis is a common finding between PCOS and hemochromatosis, changes in bacterial composition in the gut may represent another cause for iron overload in both diseases via increased iron absorption. This raises the possibility that strategies to prevent accumulation of excess iron with iron chelators and/or probiotics may have therapeutic potential in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Insenser M, Vilarrasa N, Vendrell J, Escobar-Morreale HF. Remission of Diabetes Following Bariatric Surgery: Plasma Proteomic Profiles. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173879. [PMID: 34501327 PMCID: PMC8432028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery restores glucose tolerance in many, but not all, severely obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to evaluate the plasma protein profiles associated with the T2D remission after obesity surgery. We recruited seventeen women with severe obesity submitted to bariatric procedures, including six non-diabetic patients and eleven patients with T2D. After surgery, diabetes remitted in 7 of the 11 patients with T2D. Plasma protein profiles at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery were analyzed by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight coupled to mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). Remission of T2D following bariatric procedures was associated with changes in alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA 3, p < 0.05), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M, p < 0.005), ceruloplasmin (CP, p < 0.05), fibrinogen beta chain (FBG, p < 0.05), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG, p < 0.05), gelsolin (GSN, p < 0.05), prothrombin (F2, p < 0.05), and serum amyloid p-component (APCS, p < 0.05). The resolution of diabetes after bariatric surgery is associated with specific changes in the plasma proteomic profiles of proteins involved in acute-phase response, fibrinolysis, platelet degranulation, and blood coagulation, providing a pathophysiological basis for the study of their potential use as biomarkers of the surgical remission of T2D in a larger series of severely obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.); (J.V.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.); (J.V.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, E-43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.V.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of mitochondrial functional alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RECENT FINDINGS Although numerous studies have focused on PCOS, the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause this common disease remain unclear. Mitochondria play a central role in energy production, and mitochondrial dysfunction may underlie several abnormalities observed in women with PCOS. Recent studies associated mtDNA mutations and low mtDNA copy number with PCOS, and set out to characterize the potential protective role of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responses (UPR and UPR). SUMMARY Mitochondrial dysfunction likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS by increasing reactive oxygen (ROS) and oxidative stress. This occurs in a metabolic milieu often affected by insulin resistance, which is a common finding in women with PCOS, especially in those who are overweight or obese. Mutations in mtDNA and low mtDNA copy number are found in these patients and may have potential as diagnostic modalities for specific PCOS phenotypes. More recently, UPR and UPR are being investigated as potential cellular rescue mechanisms in PCOS, the failure of which may lead to apoptosis, and contribute to decreased reproductive potential.
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di Masi A, De Simone G, Ciaccio C, D'Orso S, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Haptoglobin: From hemoglobin scavenging to human health. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 73:100851. [PMID: 32660714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) belongs to the family of acute-phase plasma proteins and represents the most important plasma detoxifier of hemoglobin (Hb). The basic Hp molecule is a tetrameric protein built by two α/β dimers. Each Hp α/β dimer is encoded by a single gene and is synthesized as a single polypeptide. Following post-translational protease-dependent cleavage of the Hp polypeptide, the α and β chains are linked by disulfide bridge(s) to generate the mature Hp protein. As human Hp gene is characterized by two common Hp1 and Hp2 alleles, three major genotypes can result (i.e., Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2). Hp regulates Hb clearance from circulation by the macrophage-specific receptor CD163, thus preventing Hb-mediated severe consequences for health. Indeed, the antioxidant and Hb binding properties of Hp as well as its ability to stimulate cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and to modulate the helper T-cell type 1 and type 2 balance significantly associate with a variety of pathogenic disorders (e.g., infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer). Alternative functions of the variants Hp1 and Hp2 have been reported, particularly in the susceptibility and protection against infectious (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria) and non-infectious (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity) diseases. Both high and low levels of Hp are indicative of clinical conditions: Hp plasma levels increase during infections, inflammation, and various malignant diseases, and decrease during malnutrition, hemolysis, hepatic disease, allergic reactions, and seizure disorders. Of note, the Hp:Hb complexes display heme-based reactivity; in fact, they bind several ferrous and ferric ligands, including O2, CO, and NO, and display (pseudo-)enzymatic properties (e.g., NO and peroxynitrite detoxification). Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of Hp are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Orso
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146, Roma, Italy.
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Huang J, Liu L, Chen C, Gao Y. PCOS without hyperandrogenism is associated with higher plasma Trimethylamine N-oxide levels. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:3. [PMID: 31906930 PMCID: PMC6945624 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder, and its pathogenesis is still under debate. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small, organic compound generated by the gut microbiome with a hypothesized relation to insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation in PCOS. By comparing plasma TMAO levels in non-PCOS participants and PCOS patients without hyperandrogenism (HA), we aimed to determine whether plasma TMAO levels correlate with PCOS without HA and to analyze their relationship with low-grade inflammation and IR. METHODS A total of 27 PCOS patients without HA and 23 non-PCOS participants were enrolled in this study and subdivided into "nonobese" and "obese" arms for each group. Levels of plasma TMAO were quantified, and basic clinical characteristics and plasma biomarkers of inflammation were assessed. RESULTS First, plasma TMAO levels, insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were higher in PCOS patients without HA, especially in the obese subgroup. Second, the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-18 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly increased in obese PCOS patients without HA. Third, plasma TMAO levels were associated with body mass index (BMI) in the normal-weight groups, and the obese groups had higher fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR values. Finally, logistic regression showed that the plasma levels of TMAO and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) were independent predictors of PCOS and indicated an increased risk of PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma TMAO levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS without HA and correlated with increased systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the suitability of TMAO as a predictive biomarker and to identify possible therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Thromboinflammatory changes in plasma proteome of pregnant women with PCOS detected by quantitative label-free proteomics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17578. [PMID: 31772271 PMCID: PMC6879536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder of fertile-aged women. Several adverse pregnancy outcomes and abnormalities of the placenta have been associated with PCOS. By using quantitative label-free proteomics we investigated whether changes in the plasma proteome of pregnant women with PCOS could elucidate the mechanisms behind the pathologies observed in PCOS pregnancies. A total of 169 proteins with ≥2 unique peptides were detected to be differentially expressed between women with PCOS (n = 7) and matched controls (n = 20) at term of pregnancy, out of which 35 were significant (p-value < 0.05). A pathway analysis revealed that networks related to humoral immune responses, inflammatory responses, cardiovascular disease and cellular growth and proliferation were affected by PCOS. Classification of cases and controls was carried out using principal component analysis, orthogonal projections on latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), hierarchical clustering, self-organising maps and ROC-curve analysis. The most significantly enriched proteins in PCOS were properdin and insulin-like growth factor II. In the dataset, properdin had the best predictive accuracy for PCOS (AUC = 1). Additionally, properdin abundances correlated with AMH levels in pregnant women.
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13
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Fuertes-Martín R, Moncayo S, Insenser M, Martínez-García MÁ, Luque-Ramírez M, Grau NA, Blanchar XC, Escobar-Morreale HF. Glycoprotein A and B Height-to-Width Ratios as Obesity-Independent Novel Biomarkers of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4038-4045. [PMID: 31503497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women in reproductive age. Obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation are frequently associated with PCOS. Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-derived glycoprotein profiles have emerged as potential biomarkers that reflect systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other pathological processes. The aim of this work is to study plasma glycoprotein profiles as metabolic/inflammatory biomarkers underlying PCOS and its association with inflammation and obesity. We used 1H-NMR spectroscopy to study five glycoprotein variables, namely GlycA, GlycB, and GlycF and the height-to-width (H/W) ratio of GlycA and GlycB, in 17 women with PCOS (9 non-obese and 8 obese), 17 control women (9 non-obese and 8 obese), and 19 healthy men (10 non-obese and 9 obese). H/W ratios of GlycA and GlycB, but not glycoprotein areas, were specifically associated with PCOS independently of obesity. When considered as a whole, obese subjects presented higher GlycA, GlycB, and GlycF areas and higher H/W GlycA and GlycB ratios than their non-obese counterparts. All glycoprotein variables were associated with hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, showing different correlations among PCOS, women, and men. Our present exploratory results suggest that 1H-NMR-derived glycoprotein profiles might serve as novel diagnostic markers of low-grade chronic inflammation in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fuertes-Martín
- 1Biosfer Teslab SL , DEEEA , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Metabolomics platform , DEEEA-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Samuel Moncayo
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Xavier Correig Blanchar
- 1Biosfer Teslab SL , DEEEA , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Metabolomics platform , DEEEA-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , 43204 Reus , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group , Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) , 28034 Madrid , Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
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14
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Zhang X, Xu X, Li P, Zhou F, Kong L, Qiu J, Yuan Z, Tan J. TMT Based Proteomic Analysis of Human Follicular Fluid From Overweight/Obese and Normal-Weight Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31983920 PMCID: PMC6966116 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine and metabolic disorder with heterogeneous manifestations and complex etiology. As a leading cause of anovulatory infertility, the molecular diversity of the follicular microenvironment has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the follicular fluid proteomic profiles of overweight/obese and normal-weight women with PCOS, to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS and to determine the effect of obesity on the follicular fluid protein profiles. Methods: Follicular fluid samples were collected from 3 different groups: overweight/obese PCOS patients (n = 29), normal-weight PCOS patients (n = 29), and normo-ovulatory controls (n = 29). We used a quantitative approach with tandem mass tag labeling and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Differential abundance of four selected proteins was confirmed by ELISA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was also conducted to further explore our findings. Furthermore, we compared the clinical, hormonal, and biochemical characteristics of overweight/obese and normal-weight patients with PCOS to determine the effects of obesity. Results: A total of 1,153 proteins were identified, of which 41 and 19 proteins were differentially expressed in the overweight/obese PCOS group vs. the control group, and in the normal-weight PCOS group vs. the control group, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic-related biological processes were co-enriched in both subgroups of PCOS. Apolipoprotein A-II, complement C5, fetuin-B, and stromal cell-derived factor 1 were found to be involved in various processes and were validated using the ELISA analysis. From clinical features and proteomic data, obesity was found to worsen follicular development disturbances in PCOS. Conclusion: In this proteomic study, a panel of proteins were found differentially expressed in the follicular fluid of PCOS. Inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic abnormalities were identified inside the intra-follicular environment, which could be aggravated by obesity. The identified proteins were correlated with follicular growth and may be considered as candidate biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahui Qiu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Tan
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15
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Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Agarwal A. Proteomics of reproduction: Prospects and perspectives. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 92:217-243. [PMID: 31472755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, proteomics has been used widely in reproductive research in order to understand the molecular mechanisms related to gametes at the cellular level and the role of proteins involved in fertilization. Network and pathway analysis using bioinformatic tools have paved way to obtain a wider picture on the possible pathways associated with the key differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and its implication in various infertility scenarios. A brief overview of advanced techniques and bioinformatic tools used for reproductive proteomics is presented. Key findings of proteomic-based studies on male and female reproduction are also presented. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the cellular pathways and potential biomarkers associated with male and female infertility. Proteomics coupled with bioinformatic analysis provides an ideal platform for non-invasive management of infertility in couples.
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16
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a systemic disease with multiple molecular pathways: a narrative review. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:208-221. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries. This endocrinopathy is associated with many metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular complications. Inflammation is likely to play an important role in the promoting these metabolic imbalances, while prothrombotic and pro-oxidative mechanisms further contribute to the cardiovascular risk of these patients. The etiology of PCOS is still not fully understood, but there is evidence of genetic and environmental components. This review aims to discuss some molecular pathways associated with PCOS that could contribute to the better understanding about this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that intrauterine exposure of female mice to an excess of anti-Müllerian hormone may induce PCOS features in their post-natal life. High cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms also appear to be associated with the pathophysiology of PCOS. Furthermore, high levels of microparticles may contribute to the altered hemostasis and enhanced inflammation in PCOS. All these mechanisms may be relevant to clarify some aspects of PCOS pathogenesis and inspire new strategies to prevent the syndrome as well as treat its symptoms and mitigate the risk of long-term complications.
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17
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Kösem A, Tokmak A, Bodur S, Aksoy RT, Topcuoglu C, Turhan T, Tasci Y. Association of oxidative stress marker ischemia modified albumin and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent and young girls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2018-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The pathophysiologic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seem to be a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. However, data regarding the exact effect of oxidative stress on PCOS is conflicting. This cross sectional and case-control study was designed to compare the serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels in adolescent and young girls with and without PCOS.
Methods
A total of 41 non-obese adolescents and young girls (15–21 years) diagnosed as PCOS and 41 age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls were enrolled to study. The main features of PCOS and markers of chronic inflammation were determined together with serum IMA levels at the time of study enrollment.
Results
The C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were within the normal ranges and also there were no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Serum levels of IMA were significantly increased in adolescents with PCOS respect to healthy controls (0.44±0.12 versus 0.35±0.10 absorbance units, p<0.001). And also there was a significant positive correlation between serum IMA and BMI in all groups (r=0.274, p=0.013).
Conclusion
Serum IMA levels were higher in PCOS patients than in the healthy controls. This elevation may contribute to the increased cardiovascular diseases risk in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kösem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serkan Bodur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Rıfat Taner Aksoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Canan Topcuoglu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Turan Turhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Tasci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Ankara , Turkey
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18
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Amjadi F, Mehdizadeh M, Ashrafi M, Nasrabadi D, Taleahmad S, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Salekdeh GH, Aflatoonian R. Distinct changes in the proteome profile of endometrial tissues in polycystic ovary syndrome compared with healthy fertile women. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:184-200. [PMID: 29729850 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the molecular basis of infertility related to uterine dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? DESIGN In this study, differences in protein expression between PCOS and normal endometrium were identified using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The proteome of endometrium were analysed during the proliferative (on day 2 or 3 before ovulation, n = 6) and luteal phases (on day 3-5 after ovulation, n = 6) from healthy women and PCOS patients (12-14 days after spontaneous bleeding, n = 12). The differentially expressed proteins were categorized based on the biological process using the DAVID bioinformatics resources. RESULTS Over 803 reproducible protein spots were detected on gels, and 150 protein spots showed different intensities between PCOS and normal women during the proliferative and luteal phases. MS analysis detected 70 proteins out of 150 spots. For four of the 70 proteins, 14-3-3 protein, annexin A5, SERPINA1 and cathepsin D, 2-DE results were validated and localized by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and their gene expression profiles were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. The obtained results corresponded to the proteomic analysis. The differentially expressed proteins identified are known to be involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and the cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS The processes related to the differentially expressed proteins play important roles in fecundity and fecundability. The present study may reveal the cause of various endometrial aberrations as a limiting factor for achieving pregnancy in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Department of Anatomical Sciences , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Nasrabadi
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Carvalho LML, Ferreira CN, de Oliveira DKD, Rodrigues KF, Duarte RCF, Teixeira MFA, Xavier LB, Candido AL, Reis FM, Silva IFO, Campos FMF, Gomes KB. Haptoglobin levels, but not Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism, are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1691-1698. [PMID: 28900795 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteomic studies suggest an association between haptoglobin (Hp) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hp is a classic inflammatory marker and binds to the intravascular hemoglobin, avoiding the oxidative damages that can be caused by free hemoglobin. Inflammation and oxidative stress are important in the pathogenesis of the PCOS, one of the most frequent metabolic diseases in women. METHODS To validate these proteomic studies, we developed a controlled cross-sectional study that aimed to evaluate the Hp levels and allelic and genotypic frequencies of Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism in Brazilian women with PCOS. We also investigated the correlation between Hp levels and several important parameters in PCOS as follows: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, post-prandial glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), lipid accumulation product (LAP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and metabolization test of tetrazolium salts (MTTs-serum antioxidant capacity). RESULTS Plasma Hp levels were higher in the PCOS group than in controls [8.20 (4.04) g/L; 7.98 (3.31) g/L; p = 0.018]. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of Hp1-Hp2 genotypes under additive, recessive, or dominant model of inheritance between the PCOS and the control groups. Plasma Hp levels did not differ according to the genotype. However, plasma Hp showed a negative correlation with MTT (r = - 0.383; p = 0.028), as well as a positive correlation with CRP (r = 0.361; p = 0.014) in the PCOS group. CONCLUSION Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism is not associated with PCOS but plasma Hp could be a potential biomarker for PCOS and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M L Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia N Ferreira
- Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy K D de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kathryna F Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita C F Duarte
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia F A Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luana B Xavier
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Candido
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ieda F O Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M F Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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20
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Hossein Rashidi B, Shams S, Shariat M, Kazemi Jaliseh H, Mohebi M, Haghollahi F. Evaluation of serum hepcidin and iron levels in patients with PCOS: a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:779-784. [PMID: 28276006 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of chronic anovulation with a prevalence of 5-10% in women of reproductive age. The etiology of this disease is not well known, and hepcidin is one of the factors affecting the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of hepcidin in patients with PCOS and its correlation with serum iron level. METHODS In this case-control study, plasma levels of hepcidin, IL-6, and ferritin using ELISA method and serum iron levels using a spectrophotometric method were tested on 56 women with PCOS (case group) and 41 healthy subjects (control group). The results were analyzed using t test, General Linear Model, Binary logistic regression, and linear regression tests. RESULTS The mean hepcidin levels were 1.97 ± 0.53 and 2.40 ± 0.25 pg/ml in the case and control groups, respectively. The t-test results showed significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The mean serum iron levels were 72.89 ± 28.97 and 70.62 ± 31.18 g/dl in the case and control groups, respectively. The t test analysis indicated no significant difference between the two groups. The serum ferritin and iron levels had no significant relation with serum hepcidin level in two groups. CONCLUSION Despite the differences in the serum levels of hepcidin between the two groups, no significant relation was observed between serum iron levels and hepcidin level in this group of patients. This implies the need for more comprehensive studies on gene expression in hepcidin and iron pathways using real-time and Western techniques to investigate more precisely serum hepcidin level and its relationship with the factors mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hossein Rashidi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shams
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Kazemi Jaliseh
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohebi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Haghollahi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chang AY, Lalia AZ, Jenkins GD, Dutta T, Carter RE, Singh RJ, Nair KS. Combining a nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approach to identify metabolic pathways significantly altered in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2017; 71:52-63. [PMID: 28521878 PMCID: PMC5520539 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition of androgen excess and chronic anovulation frequently associated with insulin resistance. We combined a nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approach to identify pathways and metabolites that distinguished PCOS from metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Twenty obese women with PCOS were compared with 18 obese women without PCOS. Both groups met criteria for MetS but could not have diabetes mellitus or take medications that treat PCOS or affect lipids or insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity was derived from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. A nontargeted metabolomics approach was performed on fasting plasma samples to identify differentially expressed metabolites, which were further evaluated by principal component and pathway enrichment analysis. Quantitative targeted metabolomics was then applied on candidate metabolites. Measured metabolites were tested for associations with PCOS and clinical variables by logistic and linear regression analyses. RESULTS This multiethnic, obese sample was matched by age (PCOS, 37±6; MetS, 40±6years) and body mass index (BMI) (PCOS, 34.6±5.1; MetS, 33.7±5.2kg/m2). Principal component analysis of the nontargeted metabolomics data showed distinct group separation of PCOS from MetS controls. From the subset of 385 differentially expressed metabolites, 22% were identified by accurate mass, resulting in 19 canonical pathways significantly altered in PCOS, including amino acid, lipid, steroid, carbohydrate, and vitamin D metabolism. Targeted metabolomics identified many essential amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) that were elevated in PCOS compared with MetS. PCOS was most associated with BCAA (P=.02), essential amino acids (P=.03), the essential amino acid lysine (P=.02), and the lysine metabolite α-aminoadipic acid (P=.02) in models adjusted for surrogate variables representing technical variation in metabolites. No significant differences between groups were observed in concentrations of free fatty acids or vitamin D metabolites. Evaluation of the relationship of metabolites with clinical characteristics showed 1) negative associations of essential and BCAA with insulin sensitivity and sex hormone-binding globulin and 2) positive associations with homeostasis model of insulin resistance and free testosterone; metabolites were not associated with BMI or percent body fat. CONCLUSIONS PCOS was associated with significant metabolic alterations not attributed exclusively to androgen-related pathways, obesity, or MetS. Concentrations of essential amino acids and BCAA are increased in PCOS, which might result from or contribute to their insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Antigoni Z Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gregory D Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tumpa Dutta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, Massaro MG, Morgante G, Petraglia F. Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:38. [PMID: 27423183 PMCID: PMC4947298 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries, together with a considerable prevalence of insulin resistance. Although the aetiology of the syndrome is not completely understood yet, PCOS is considered a multifactorial disorder with various genetic, endocrine and environmental abnormalities. Moreover, PCOS patients have a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and their related morbidity, if compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. De Leo
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M. C. Musacchio
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - V. Cappelli
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M. G. Massaro
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G. Morgante
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F. Petraglia
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
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23
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Amjadi F, Aflatoonian R, Javanmard SH, Saifi B, Ashrafi M, Mehdizadeh M. Apolipoprotein A1 as a novel anti-implantation biomarker in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:1039-45. [PMID: 26941806 PMCID: PMC4755089 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower pregnancy rates, possibly due to the decreased uterine receptivity. Successful implantation depends on protein networks that are essential for cross-talk between the embryo and endometrium. Apolipoprotein A1 has been proposed as a putative anti-implantation factor. In this study, we evaluated apolipoprotein A1 expression in human endometrial tissues. Materials and Methods: Endometrial apolipoprotein A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The distribution of apolipoprotein A1 was also detected by immunostaining. Samples were obtained from 10 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 15 healthy fertile women in the proliferative (on day 2 or day 3 before ovulation, n = 7) and secretory (on days 3-5 after ovulation, n = 8) phases. Results: Endometrial apolipoprotein A1 expression was upregulated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to normal subjects. However, apolipoprotein A1 expression in the proliferative phase was significantly higher than in the luteal phase (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that differentially expressed apolipoprotein A1 negatively affects endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. The results showed that apolipoprotein A1 level significantly changes in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle with minimum expression in the secretory phase, coincident with the receptive phase (window of implantation). Further studies are required to clarify the clinical application of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, The Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjoo Javanmard
- Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bita Saifi
- Department of Anatomy, Mashhad Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Beyazit F, Yilmaz N, Balci O, Adam M, Yaman ST. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome as Represented by Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin and Its Correlation with Testosterone and Insulin Resistance. Intern Med 2016; 55:2359-64. [PMID: 27580534 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemia-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to be important contributors to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a novel marker generated under ischemic and oxidative conditions and may reflect disease activity in distinct disease states. Therefore, we investigated whether the serum IMA levels are affected in infertile PCOS patients. Methods Forty-six patients with infertile PCOS, 30 patients with unexplained infertility, and 31 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical parameters, serum IMA levels, and their correlations with serum testosterone and insulin resistance were determined for each subject. Results In patients with infertile PCOS, the serum IMA levels were significantly elevated (p=0.003) compared with unexplained infertility patients and controls. A correlation analysis suggested that the IMA levels only correlated with the serum free testosterone levels in PCOS patients (r=0.43, p=0.028). Conclusion Elevations in the serum IMA levels in infertile PCOS patients may suggest a possible additional role of oxidative stress mechanisms in disease pathophysiology. Moreover, correlation between serum IMA and testosterone levels may influence the quality of oocytes via alterations in the balance of critical follicular fluid factors in the follicular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Beyazit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
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25
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Yang H, Lau WB, Lau B, Xuan Y, Zhou S, Zhao L, Luo Z, Lin Q, Ren N, Zhao X, Wei Y. A mass spectrometric insight into the origins of benign gynecological disorders. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 36:450-470. [PMID: 26633258 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Applications of mass spectrometry (MS) are rapidly expanding and encompass molecular and cellular biology. MS aids in the analysis of in vivo global molecular alterations, identifying potential biomarkers which may improve diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies. MS has added new dimensionality to medical research. Pioneering gynecologists now study molecular mechanisms underlying female reproductive pathology with MS-based tools. Although benign gynecologic disorders including endometriosis, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) carry low mortality rates, they cause significant physical, mental, and social detriments. Additionally, some benign disorders are unfortunately associated with malignancies. MS-based technology can detect malignant changes in formerly benign proteomes and metabolomes with distinct advantages of speed, sensitivity, and specificity. We present the use of MS in proteomics and metabolomics, and summarize the current understanding of the molecular pathways concerning female reproductive anatomy. Highlight discoveries of novel protein and metabolite biomarkers via MS-based technology, we underscore the clinical application of these techniques in the diagnosis and management of benign gynecological disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:450-470, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Bonnie Lau
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center, Affiliate of Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Yu Xuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyue Luo
- College of Biological Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Lin
- College of Biological Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ren
- College of Biological Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Haoula Z, Ravipati S, Stekel DJ, Ortori CA, Hodgman C, Daykin C, Raine-Fenning N, Barrett DA, Atiomo W. Lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolomics 2015; 11:657-666. [PMID: 25972770 PMCID: PMC4419155 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder affecting between 5 and 18 % of females of reproductive age and can be diagnosed based on a combination of clinical, ultrasound and biochemical features, none of which on its own is diagnostic. A lipidomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled with accurate mass high-resolution mass-spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used to investigate if there were any differences in plasma lipidomic profiles in women with PCOS compared with control women at different stages of menstrual cycle. Plasma samples from 40 women with PCOS and 40 controls aged between 18 and 40 years were analysed in combination with multivariate statistical analyses. Multivariate data analysis (LASSO regression and OPLS-DA) of the sample lipidomics datasets showed a weak prediction model for PCOS versus control samples from the follicular and mid-cycle phases of the menstrual cycle, but a stronger model (specificity 85 % and sensitivity 95 %) for PCOS versus the luteal phase menstrual cycle controls. The PCOS vs luteal phase model showed increased levels of plasma triglycerides and sphingomyelins and decreased levels of lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines in PCOS women compared with controls. Lipid biomarkers of PCOS were tentatively identified which may be useful in distinguishing PCOS from controls especially when performed during the menstrual cycle luteal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Haoula
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Srinivasarao Ravipati
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dov J. Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Catharine A. Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlie Hodgman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Clare Daykin
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- MetaboConsult UK, Derby, UK
| | - Nick Raine-Fenning
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Atiomo
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
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Identification of reduced circulating haptoglobin concentration as a biomarker of the severity of pulmonary embolism: a nontargeted proteomic study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100902. [PMID: 24979072 PMCID: PMC4076207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) may identify patients at high risk of early death who may benefit from more intensive surveillance or aggressive therapy. Nontargeted proteomics may identify biomarkers useful for the risk stratification of patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE). We studied 6 patients presenting with low-risk PE and 6 patients presenting with intermediate (n = 3) or high-risk (n = 3) PE. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was used to compare their plasma protein abundances. Candidate protein markers were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A panel of four biomarkers (haptoglobin, hemopexin, α2-macroglobulin, and Ig α1-chain C region) showed differences in plasma abundance among patients with acute symptomatic PE of different severity. Haptoglobin and hemopexin were decreased, whereas α2-macroglobulin and Ig α1-chain C region were increased, in patients with high or intermediate-risk PE compared with low-risk PE patient. In a separate clinical population consisting of 104 adults with acute PE, serum haptoglobin concentrations had an 85% chance of correctly identifying patients with high-risk PE according to receiving operating characteristics curve analysis. Moreover, serum haptoglobin concentrations ≤1 g/l showed an 80% sensitivity and a 96% specificity for the diagnosis of high-risk PE. Nontargeted proteomics identified protein biomarkers for the severity of PE that are involved in iron metabolism pathways and acute-phase response. Among them, reduced serum haptoglobin concentrations show a high accuracy for the biochemical detection of high-risk PE.
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Haoula Z, Shaw B, Daykin C, Hodgman C, Layfield R, Atiomo W. Validation of proteomic biomarkers previously found to be differentially expressed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:213-6. [PMID: 24397393 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.871520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to independently validate proteomic biomarkers previously reported to be differentially expressed in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) compared with controls. This study focused on plasma proteomic biomarkers. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study at the University of Nottingham, in which samples from 30 PCOS and 30 control women were analysed by Western blotting. RESULTS Mean abundance ratios from Western blots of plasma total haptoglobin and haptoglobin beta proteins were 1.25 (CI 1.11-1.4) and 1.24 (CI 1.04-1.44). The mean abundance ratio from the blots of alpha-2 macroglobulin was however 1.05 (CI, 1-1.1). The mean PCOS/control BMI ratio was 1.18 (CI 1.17-1.20). There was no correlation between PCOS/control BMI ratio and alpha-2 macroglobulin, total haptoglobin and haptoglobin beta abundance ratios. There was also no correlation between PCOS/control insulin ratio and alpha-2 macroglobulin, total haptoglobin and haptoglobin beta abundance ratios. CONCLUSIONS Total haptoglobin and haptoglobin beta chain protein abundance was found to be elevated in women with PCOS compared with controls. We were unable to confirm decreased alpha-2 macroglobulin levels as reported in a previous study. Independent validation studies are required to validate early promising proteomic biomarkers in PCOS.
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Galazis N, Pang YL, Galazi M, Haoula Z, Layfield R, Atiomo W. Proteomic biomarkers of endometrial cancer risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and biomarker database integration. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:638-44. [PMID: 23527552 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.777416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for research studies into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the link between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer (EC) to facilitate screening and to encourage the development of novel strategies to prevent disease progression. The objective of this review was to identify proteomic biomarkers of EC risk in women with PCOS. All eligible published studies on proteomic biomarkers for EC identified through the literature were evaluated. Proteomic biomarkers for EC were then integrated with an updated previously published database of all proteomic biomarkers identified so far in PCOS women. Nine protein biomarkers were similarly either under or over expressed in women with EC and PCOS in various tissues. These include transgelin, pyruvate kinase M1/M2, gelsolin-like capping protein (macrophage capping protein), glutathione S-transferase P, leucine aminopeptidase (cytosol aminopeptidase), peptidyl-prolyl cis-transisomerase, cyclophilin A, complement component C4A and manganese-superoxide dismutase. If validated, these biomarkers may provide a useful framework on which the knowledge base in this area could be developed and will facilitate future mathematical modelling to enhance screening and prevention of EC in women with PCOS who have been shown to be at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galazis
- Nottingham Medical School, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Campus Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
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31
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Insenser M, Montes-Nieto R, Murri M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Proteomic and metabolomic approaches to the study of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 370:65-77. [PMID: 23422073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a complex multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences. Nontargeted proteomics and metabolomics have been used in the past years with the aim of identifying molecules potentially involved in the pathophysiology of this frequent disorder. The biomolecules identified so far participate in many metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism (glucose and lipid metabolism), protein metabolic processes and protein folding, cytoskeleton structure, immune response, inflammation and iron metabolism, fibrinolysis and thrombosis, oxidative stress and intracellular calcium metabolism. These molecules provide key information about molecular functions altered in PCOS and raise questions concerning their precise role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The biomolecules identified by nontargeted proteomic and metabolomic approaches should be considered as candidates in future studies aiming to define specific molecular phenotypes of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain
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Boutzios G, Livadas S, Piperi C, Vitoratos N, Adamopoulos C, Hassiakos D, Iavazzo C, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Polycystic ovary syndrome offspring display increased oxidative stress markers comparable to gestational diabetes offspring. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the intestinal and colonic proteome in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) may help to characterize the disease pathology and identify new biomarkers and treatment targets for NEC. METHODS Using gel-based proteomics, proteins in NEC-affected intestinal and colonic sections were compared with those in adjacent, near-normal tissue sections within the same patients. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were applied to crossvalidate proteomic data and histological location of some selected proteins. RESULTS Thirty proteins were identified with differential expression between necrotic and vital small-intestine sections and 23 proteins were identified for colon sections. Five proteins were similarly affected in the small intestine and colon: histamine receptors (HRs), actins, globins, immunoglobulin, and antitrypsin. Two heat shock proteins (HSPs) were affected in the small intestine. Furthermore, proteins involved in antioxidation, angiogenesis, cytoskeleton formation, and metabolism were affected. Finally, secretory proteins such as antitrypsin, fatty-acid binding protein 5, and haptoglobin differed between NEC-affected and vital tissues. CONCLUSION NEC progression affects different pathways in the small intestine and colon. HSPs may play an important role, especially in the small intestine. The identified secretory proteins should be investigated as possible circulating markers of NEC progression in different gut regions.
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Montes-Nieto R, Insenser M, Martínez-García MÁ, Escobar-Morreale HF. A nontargeted proteomic study of the influence of androgen excess on human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue proteomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E576-85. [PMID: 23348399 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex hormones, particularly androgens, may influence not only adipose tissue distribution but also its functions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate if sexual dimorphism in body composition is accompanied by differences in the protein abundance of adipose tissue by applying a nontargeted proteomic approach. DESIGN This was a case-control study. SETTINGS The setting was an academic hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-one morbidly obese patients, including 7 men, 7 women showing no evidence of androgen excess, and 7 hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. INTERVENTIONS We obtained subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue samples during bariatric surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Protein abundance in VAT and SAT was analyzed by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight coupled to mass spectrometry. Results were validated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The abundance of 2 spots of peroxiredoxin 6, creatine kinase B-type, 2 spots of selenium-binding protein 1, ruvB-like 2, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, and albumin were higher in VAT compared with SAT in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Men showed a similar pattern, whereas no difference between adipose tissue depots was observed in control women. Other proteins showed differences between VAT and SAT, confirming previous studies, or between the groups of subjects, without interaction between both effects. Several findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dimorphism influences the abundance of several proteins in VAT and SAT. The patterns of abundance in adipose tissue depots of several proteins involved in metabolic processes were similar in women with androgen excess and in men, suggesting that androgens influence adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montes-Nieto
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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35
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Galazis N, Afxentiou T, Xenophontos M, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Atiomo W. Proteomic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168:R33-43. [PMID: 23093701 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we attempted to list the proteomic biomarkers of PCOS and T2DM that have been published in the literature so far. We identified eight common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both women with PCOS and T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These include pyruvate kinase M1/M2, apolipoprotein A-I, albumin, peroxiredoxin 2, annexin A2, α-1-B-glycoprotein, flotillin-1 and haptoglobin. These biomarkers could help improve our understanding of the links between PCOS and T2DM and could be potentially used to identify subgroups of women with PCOS at increased risk of T2DM. More studies are required to further evaluate the role these biomarkers play in women with PCOS and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galazis
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals, University of Nottingham D Floor, East Block, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Galazis N, Docheva N, Nicolaides KH, Atiomo W. Proteomic biomarkers of preterm birth risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review and biomarker database integration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53801. [PMID: 23382852 PMCID: PMC3558492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm Birth (PTB) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of PTB. There is a need for research studies to investigate the mechanisms linking PCOS and PTB, to facilitate screening, and develop novel preventative strategies. Objective To list all the proteomic biomarkers of PTB and integrate this list with the PCOS biomarker database to identify commonly expressed biomarkers of the two conditions. Search Strategy A systematic review of PTB biomarkers and update of PCOS biomarker database. All eligible published studies on proteomic biomarkers for PTB and PCOS identified through various databases were evaluated. Selection Criteria For the identification of the relevant studies, the following search terms were used: “proteomics”, “proteomic”, “preterm birth”, “preterm labour”, “proteomic biomarker” and “polycystic ovary syndrome”. This search was restricted to humans only Data Collection and Analysis A database on proteomic biomarkers for PTB was created while an already existing PCOS biomarker database was updated. The two databases were integrated and biomarkers that were co-expressed in both women with PCOS and PTB were identified and investigated. Results A panel of six proteomic biomarkers was similarly differentially expressed in women with PTB and women with PCOS compared to their respective controls (normal age-matched women in the case of PCOS studies and women with term pregnancy in the case of PTB studies). These biomarkers include Pyruvate kinase M1/M2, Vimentin, Fructose bisphosphonate aldolase A, Heat shock protein beta-1, Peroxiredoxin-1 and Transferrin. Conclusions These proteomic biomarkers (Pyruvate kinase M1/M2, Vimentin, Fructose bisphosphonate aldolase A, Heat shock protein beta-1, Peroxiredoxin-1 and Transferrin) can be potentially used to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms linking PCOS and PTB. This would help to identify subgroups of women with PCOS at risk of PTB and hence the potential of developing preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galazis
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Galazis N, Olaleye O, Haoula Z, Layfield R, Atiomo W. Proteomic biomarkers for ovarian cancer risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and biomarker database integration. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:1590-601.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Insenser M, Montes-Nieto R, Vilarrasa N, Lecube A, Simó R, Vendrell J, Escobar-Morreale HF. A nontargeted proteomic approach to the study of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 363:10-9. [PMID: 22796336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) differ in biochemical and metabolic properties, especially when obesity is present. We submitted paired SAT and VAT samples from six morbidly obese patients and six non-obese persons to two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared with non-obese subjects, obese patients presented with increased carboxylesterase-1, zinc finger protein 324A, annexin A5, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, α-crystallin B chain, osteoglycin, retinal dehydrogenase-1 and 14-3-3 protein γ, and decreased transferrin, complement C3, fibrinogen γ chain, albumin, α1-antitrypsin and peroxiredoxin-6, irrespective of the adipose tissue depot studied. SAT and VAT differed in protein species of fibrinogen and osteoglycin, whereas adipose tissue depot and obesity interacted on the protein abundance of actin, α-actinin 1, one protein species of carboxylesterase-1, retinal dehydrogenase-1 and 14-3-3 protein γ. Our nontargeted proteomic approach identified novel protein species that may be involved in the development of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Group, Universidad de Alcalá & Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Upadhyay RD, Balasinor NH, Kumar AV, Sachdeva G, Parte P, Dumasia K. Proteomics in reproductive biology: beacon for unraveling the molecular complexities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:8-15. [PMID: 23072795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics, an interface of rapidly evolving advances in physics and biology, is rapidly developing and expanding its potential applications to molecular and cellular biology. Application of proteomics tools has contributed towards identification of relevant protein biomarkers that can potentially change the strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. The emergence of powerful mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique has added a new dimension to the field of medical research in liver, heart diseases and certain forms of cancer. Most proteomics tools are also being used to study physiological and pathological events related to reproductive biology. There have been attempts to generate the proteomes of testes, sperm, seminal fluid, epididymis, oocyte, and endometrium from reproductive disease patients. Here, we have reviewed proteomics based investigations in humans over the last decade, which focus on delineating the mechanism underlying various reproductive events such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, embryo development. The challenge is to harness new technologies like 2-DE, DIGE, MALDI-MS, SELDI-MS, MUDPIT, LC-MS etc., to a greater extent to develop widely applicable clinical tools in understanding molecular aspects of reproduction both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Upadhyay
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India.
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Escobar-Morreale HF. Iron metabolism and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:509-15. [PMID: 22579050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance. Iron overload may lead also to insulin resistance and diabetes. Serum ferritin levels are increased in PCOS, especially when glucose tolerance is abnormal, suggesting mild iron overload. Factors contributing to potential iron overload in PCOS include the iron sparing effect of chronic menstrual dysfunction, insulin resistance, and a decrease in hepcidin leading to increased iron absorption. Enhancement of erythropoiesis by androgen excess is unlikely, because soluble transferrin receptor levels are not increased in PCOS. Future venues of research should address the long-term effects of PCOS treatment on iron overload and, conversely, the possible effects of iron lowering strategies on the glucose tolerance of patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, University of Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar km 9'1, E-28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Antibiotics increase gut metabolism and antioxidant proteins and decrease acute phase response and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44929. [PMID: 23028687 PMCID: PMC3441690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The appropriate use of antibiotics for preterm infants, which are highly susceptible to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is not clear. While antibiotic therapy is commonly used in neonates with NEC symptoms and sepsis, it remains unknown how antibiotics may affect the intestine and NEC sensitivity. We hypothesized that broad-spectrum antibiotics, given immediately after preterm birth, would reduce NEC sensitivity and support intestinal protective mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Preterm pigs were treated with antibiotics for 5 d (oral and systemic doses of gentamycin, ampicillin and metrodinazole; AB group) and compared with untreated pigs. Only the untreated pigs showed evidence of NEC lesions and reduced digestive function, as indicated by lowered villus height and activity of brush border enzymes. In addition, 53 intestinal and 22 plasma proteins differed in expression between AB and untreated pigs. AB treatment increased the abundance of intestinal proteins related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism, actin filaments, iron homeostasis and antioxidants. Further, heat shock proteins and the complement system were affected suggesting that all these proteins were involved in the colonization-dependent early onset of NEC. In plasma, acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, complement proteins) decreased, while albumin, cleaved C3, ficolin and transferrin increased. Conclusions/Significance Depressed bacterial colonization following AB treatment increases mucosal integrity and reduces bacteria-associated inflammatory responses in preterm neonates. The plasma proteins C3, ficolin, and transferrin are potential biomarkers of the colonization-dependent NEC progression in preterm neonates.
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Atiomo W, Daykin CA. Metabolomic biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 18:546-53. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Escobar-Morreale HF, Samino S, Insenser M, Vinaixa M, Luque-Ramírez M, Lasunción MA, Correig X. Metabolic Heterogeneity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Determined by Obesity: Plasma Metabolomic Approach Using GC-MS. Clin Chem 2012; 58:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.176396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Abdominal adiposity and obesity influence the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance and diabetes. We aimed to characterize the intermediate metabolism phenotypes associated with PCOS and obesity.
METHODS
We applied a nontargeted GC-MS metabolomic approach to plasma samples from 36 patients with PCOS and 39 control women without androgen excess, matched for age, body mass index, and frequency of obesity.
RESULTS
Patients with PCOS were hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant compared with the controls. The increase in plasma long-chain fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acid, and glycerol in the obese patients with PCOS suggests increased lipolysis, possibly secondary to impaired insulin action at adipose tissue. Conversely, nonobese patients with PCOS showed a metabolic profile consisting of suppression of lipolysis and increased glucose utilization (increased lactic acid concentrations) in peripheral tissues, and PCOS patients as a whole showed decreased 2-ketoisocaproic and alanine concentrations, suggesting utilization of branched-chain amino acids for protein synthesis and not for gluconeogenesis. These metabolic processes required effective insulin signaling; therefore, insulin resistance was not universal in all tissues of these women, and different mechanisms possibly contributed to their hyperinsulinemia. PCOS was also associated with decreased α-tocopherol and cholesterol concentrations irrespective of obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Substantial metabolic heterogeneity, strongly influenced by obesity, underlies PCOS. The possibility that hyperinsulinemia may occur in the absence of universal insulin resistance in nonobese women with PCOS should be considered when designing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of this prevalent disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili & Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vinaixa
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili & Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili & Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Sun L, Hu W, Liu Q, Hao Q, Sun B, Zhang Q, Mao S, Qiao J, Yan X. Metabonomics reveals plasma metabolic changes and inflammatory marker in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2937-46. [PMID: 22428626 DOI: 10.1021/pr3000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, clinically heterogeneous endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, associated with endocrinopathy and metabolic abnormalities. Although some metabolic parameters have been investigated, very little information has been reported on the changes of small metabolites in biofluids. The aim of this study was to establish the metabolic profile of PCOS and compare it with that of controls. In this cross-sectional study of 34 women with PCOS and 36 controls, contents of small metabolites and lipids in plasma samples were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based techniques and analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glutamine, and arginine), citrate, choline, and glycerophosphocholine/phosphocholine (GPC/PC), and increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of lactate, dimethylamine (DMA), creatine, and N-acetyl glycoproteins were observed in PCOS patients compared with the controls. Subgroups of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, or hyperandrogenism exhibited greater metabolic deviations than their corresponding subgroups without these factors. PCOS patients have perturbations in amino acid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and gut microflora, as well as mild disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. The elevated level of N-acetyl glycoproteins demonstrates the existence of low-grade chronic inflammation in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
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Duleba AJ, Dokras A. Is PCOS an inflammatory process? Fertil Steril 2012; 97:7-12. [PMID: 22192135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PRO--PCOS is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation as evidenced by elevation of multiple markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and white blood cell count as well as endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. CON--Current studies examining the evidence for low grade inflammation in PCOS are small, heterogeneous for the diagnosis, confounded by degree of adiposity and do not consistently demonstrate a clinically relevant increase in the above mentioned biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Insenser M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Application of proteomics to the study of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:869-75. [PMID: 22104628 DOI: 10.3275/8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical proteomics consists of qualitative and quantitative profiling of proteins present in clinical specimens such as body fluids or tissues, with the aim of discovering novel proteins and cellular pathways associated with the disease of interest. AIM To review the proteomic studies conducted to date that addressed different aspects of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Descriptive review of studies that applied proteomic techniques to the study of PCOS. Published articles were identified using the Entrez-PubMed online search facilities. RESULTS Most studies conducted to date focused on protein variations in plasma and different target tissues. Plasma proteomics analysis revealed that PCOS associates changes in protein expression in several acute-phase response proteins. Moreover, some of these molecules play major roles in iron metabolism and low-grade chronic inflammation. Studies using omental adipose tissue from morbidly obese women with or without PCOS revealed differences in abundance of proteins that may be involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress processes, and adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, identification of differentially expressed proteins in ovarian tissue, granulosa cells or T lymphocites may help to characterize more clearly some aspects of this disorder. CONCLUSIONS Although the application of proteomic techniques to the study of PCOS is in its early infancy, studies conducted to date highlight its heterogeneous nature. Aside from androgen excess, several pathways related to intermediate metabolism, oxidative stress processes, inflammation and iron metabolism appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
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Gamberi T, Puglia M, Guidi F, Magherini F, Bini L, Marzocchini R, Modesti A, Modesti PA. A proteomic approach to identify plasma proteins in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2855-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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