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Bischoff AR, Dalle Molle R, Mucellini AB, Pokhvisneva I, Levitan RD, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Accumbal μ-opioid receptors and salt taste-elicited hedonic responses in a rodent model of prenatal adversity, and their correlates using human functional genomics. Stress 2024; 27:2294954. [PMID: 38140734 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2294954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal adversity is associated with behavioral obesogenic features such as preference for palatable foods. Salt appetite may play a role in the development of adiposity and its consequences in individuals exposed to prenatal adversity, and sodium consumption involves individual differences in accumbal µ-opioid receptors function. We investigated the hedonic responses to salt and the levels of µ-opioid receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) of pups from an animal model of prenatal dietary restriction. In children, we evaluated the interaction between fetal growth and the genetic background associated with the accumbal µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) expression on sodium consumption during a snack test. Sprague-Dawley dams were randomly allocated from pregnancy day 10 to receive an ad libitum (Adlib) or a 50% restricted (FR) diet. The pups' hedonic responses to a salt solution (NaCl 2%) or water were evaluated on the first day of life. FR and Adlib pups differ in their hedonic responses to salt, and there were decreased levels of accumbal µ-opioid and p-µ-opioid receptors in FR pups. In humans, a test meal and genotyping from buccal epithelial cells were performed in 270 children (38 intrauterine growth restricted-IUGR) at 4 years old from a Canadian prospective cohort (MAVAN). The OPRM1 genetic score predicted the sodium intake in IUGR children, but not in controls. The identification of mechanisms involved in the brain response to prenatal adversity and its consequences in behavioral phenotypes and risk for chronic diseases later in life is important for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Rahde Bischoff
- Neonatal Hemodynamics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences and Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrícia P Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Lopes KRDM, Alves JG, Souza ASR. Maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometry in women with obesity and diabetes. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:404-409. [PMID: 36820769 PMCID: PMC10004300 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the correlation of maternal visceral adiposity with sonographic variables related to fetal biometry in the second trimester of pregnancy in mothers who were previously obese versus nonobese and gestational diabetic versus nondiabetic. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 583 pregnant women who received prenatal care between October 2011 and September 2013 at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, northeast of Brazil. Maternal visceral adiposity was measured by ultrasound examination at the same time as fetal biometry. Gestational age was 14.9±3.2 weeks. The correlation between maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometric variables was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Among the groups, the correlation coefficients were compared using Fisher's Z-test. This test was also used to evaluate the null hypothesis of correlation coefficients between pairs of variables. RESULTS Maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference, estimated fetal weight, head circumference, femur length, and biparietal diameter in pregnant women with obesity, nonobesity, gestational diabetes, and nondiabetes, but the correlation coefficients were statistically similar among the groups. CONCLUSION Maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal biometry in the second trimester of pregnancy in the same manner in pregnant women previously obese and nonobese, as well as in pregnant women with gestational diabetes and nondiabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Reis de Melo Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Fetal Cardiology Department, Fetal Medicine Unit - Recife (PE), Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Post Graduation Department - Recife (PE), Brazil
| | - Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Post Graduation Department - Recife (PE), Brazil.,Universisade Católica de Pernambuco, School of Health and Life Sciences - Recife (PE), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Academic Area of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Recife (PE), Brazil
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Dalle Molle R, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Minuzzi L, Machado TD, Reis RS, Rodrigues DM, Mucellini AB, Franco AR, Buchweitz A, Toazza R, Bortoluzzi A, Salum GA, Boscenco S, Meaney MJ, Levitan RD, Manfro GG, Silveira PP. Thrifty-Eating Behavior Phenotype at the Food Court - Programming Goes Beyond Food Preferences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882532. [PMID: 35677721 PMCID: PMC9168906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal growth impairment leads to higher preference for palatable foods in comparison to normal prenatal growth subjects, which can contribute to increased body fat mass and a higher risk for developing chronic diseases in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) individuals throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SGA on feeding behavior in children and adolescents, as well as resting-state connectivity between areas related to reward, self-control, and value determination, such as orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC), amygdala and dorsal striatum (DS). METHODS Caregivers and their offspring were recruited from two independent cohorts in Brazil (PROTAIA) and Canada (MAVAN). Both cohorts included anthropometric measurements, food choice tasks, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. RESULTS In the Brazilian sample (17 ± 0.28 years, n=70), 21.4% of adolescents were classified as SGA. They exhibited lower monetary-related expenditure to buy a snack compared to controls in the food choice test. Decreased functional connectivity (n=40) between left OFC and left DL-PFC; and between right OFC and: left amygdala, right DS, and left DS were observed in the Brazilian SGA participants. Canadian SGA participants (14.9%) had non-significant differences in comparison with controls in a food choice task at 4 years old ( ± 0.01, n=315). At a follow-up brain scan visit (10.21 ± 0.140 years, n=49), SGA participants (28.6%) exhibited higher connectivity between the left OFC and left DL-PFC, also higher connectivity between the left OFC and right DL-PFC. We did not observe significant anthropometric neither nutrients' intake differences between groups in both samples. CONCLUSIONS Resting-state fMRI results showed that SGA individuals had altered connectivity between areas involved in encoding the subjective value for available goods and decision-making in both samples, which can pose them in disadvantage when facing food options daily. Over the years, the cumulative exposure to particular food cues together with the altered behavior towards food, such as food purchasing, as seen in the adolescent cohort, can play a role in the long-term risk for developing chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Diniz Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Letras, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Linguística, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bortoluzzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sonia Boscenco
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia Pelufo Silveira,
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Ivanova N, Nenchovska Z, Atanasova M, Laudon M, Mitreva R, Tchekalarova J. Chronic Piromelatine Treatment Alleviates Anxiety, Depressive Responses and Abnormal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Prenatally Stressed Male and Female Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2257-2272. [PMID: 34003403 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal stress (PNS) model in rodents can induce different abnormal responses that replicate the pathophysiology of depression. We applied this model to evaluate the efficacy of piromelatine (Pir), a novel melatonin analog developed for the treatment of insomnia, in male and female offspring. Adult PNS rats from both sexes showed comparable disturbance associated with high levels of anxiety and depressive responses. Both males and females with PNS demonstrated impaired feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to the intact offspring and increased glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. However, opposite to female offspring, the male PNS rats showed an increased expression of mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Piromelatine (20 mg/kg, i.p., for 21 days injected from postnatal day 60) attenuated the high anxiety level tested in the open field, elevated plus-maze and light-dark test, and depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference and the forced swimming tests in a sex-specific manner. The drug reversed to control level stress-induced increase of plasma corticosterone 120 min later in both sexes. Piromelatine also corrected to control level the PNS-induced alterations of corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring. Our findings suggest that the piromelatine treatment exerts beneficial effects on impaired behavioral responses and dysregulated HPA axis in both sexes, while it corrects the PNS-induced changes in the hippocampal corticosteroid receptors only in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zlatina Nenchovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Atanasova
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Pleven, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Moshe Laudon
- Drug Discovery, Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rumyana Mitreva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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5
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Ashtree DN, McGuinness AJ, Plummer M, Sun C, Craig JM, Scurrah KJ. Developmental origins of cardiometabolic health outcomes in twins: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1609-1621. [PMID: 32682747 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of twins can reduce confounding and provide additional evidence about the causes of disease, due to within-pair matching for measured and unmeasured factors. Although findings from twin studies are typically applicable to the general population, few studies have taken full advantage of the twin design to explore the developmental origins of cardiometabolic health outcomes. We aimed to systematically review the evidence from twin studies and generate pooled estimates for the effects of early-life risk factors on later-life cardiometabolic health. METHODS AND RESULTS An initial search was conducted in March 2018, with 55 studies of twins included in the review. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and eligible studies were included in a meta-analysis, where pooled estimates were calculated. Twenty-six studies analysed twins as individuals, and found that higher birthweight was associated with lower SBP (β = -2.02 mmHg, 95%CI: -3.07, -0.97), higher BMI (β = 0.52 kg/m2, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.84) and lower total cholesterol (β = -0.07 mmol/L, 95%CI: -0.11, -0.04). However, no associations were reported in studies which adjusted for gestational age. Few of the included studies separated their analyses into within-pair and between-pair associations. CONCLUSIONS Early-life risk factors were associated with cardiometabolic health outcomes in twin studies. However, many estimates from studies in this review were likely to have been confounded by gestational age, and few fully exploited the twin design to assess the developmental origins of cardiometabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah N Ashtree
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Amelia J McGuinness
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle Plummer
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cong Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Katrina J Scurrah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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6
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Kadayifci FZ, Haggard S, Jeon S, Ranard K, Tao D, Pan YX. Early-life Programming of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Association between Epigenetics/Genetics and Environmental Factors. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:453-463. [PMID: 32477001 PMCID: PMC7235385 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191009110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is an increasing public health problem that poses a severe social and economic burden affecting both developed and developing countries. Defects in insulin signaling itself are among the earliest indications that an individual is predisposed to the development of insulin resistance and subsequently Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. To date, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms which result in resistance to the actions of insulin are poorly understood. Furthermore, it has been shown that maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring. However, the genetic and/or epigenetic modifications within insulin-sensitive tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle, which contribute to the insulin-resistant phenotype, still remain unknown. More importantly, a lack of in-depth understanding of how the early life environment can have long-lasting effects on health and increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in adulthood poses a major limitation to such efforts. The focus of the current review is thus to discuss recent experimental and human evidence of an epigenetic component associated with components of nutritional programming of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, including altered feeding behavior, adipose tissue, and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and transgenerational risk transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Z Kadayifci
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sage Haggard
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katie Ranard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dandan Tao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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7
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Larqué E, Labayen I, Flodmark CE, Lissau I, Czernin S, Moreno LA, Pietrobelli A, Widhalm K. From conception to infancy - early risk factors for childhood obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:456-478. [PMID: 31270440 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, as well as early nutrition and the environment infants are raised in, are considered relevant factors for the prevention of childhood obesity. Several models are available for the prediction of childhood overweight and obesity, yet most have not been externally validated. Moreover, the factors considered in the models differ among studies as the outcomes manifest after birth and depend on maturation processes that vary between individuals. The current Review examines and interprets data on the early determinants of childhood obesity to provide relevant strategies for daily clinical work. We evaluate a selection of prenatal and postnatal factors associated with child adiposity. Actions to be considered for preventing childhood obesity include the promotion of healthy maternal nutrition and weight status at reproductive age and during pregnancy, as well as careful monitoring of infant growth to detect early excessive weight gain. Paediatricians and other health-care professionals should provide scientifically validated, individual nutritional advice to families to counteract excessive adiposity in children. Based on systematic reviews, original papers and scientific reports, we provide information to help with setting up public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD) and Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carl-Erik Flodmark
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inge Lissau
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sarah Czernin
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism and Austrian Academic institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism and Austrian Academic institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Lopes KRM, Souza ASR, Figueiroa JN, Alves JGB. Correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index and maternal visceral adiposity with fetal biometry during the second trimester. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 138:133-137. [PMID: 28485827 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal visceral adiposity with fetal biometry during the second trimester. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among pregnant women who received prenatal care at a center in Recife, Brazil, between October 3, 2011, and September 27, 2013. Pre-pregnancy BMI was determined at the first prenatal care visit. Maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometry were measured at the same ultrasonography session. The associations between maternal and fetal variables were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R). The Student t test was used to test the null hypothesis of adjusted correlation coefficients. RESULTS Overall, 740 women were included. No correlation was found between pre-pregnancy BMI and any of the fetal biometric variables assessed. By contrast, maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference (R=0.529), estimated fetal weight (R=0.524), head circumference (R=0.521), femur length (R=0.521), and biparietal diameter (R=0.524; P<0.001 for all fetal variables). These findings remained statistically significant after controlling for pregnancy length. CONCLUSION Maternal visceral adiposity, but not pre-pregnancy BMI, positively correlated with fetal biometry during the second trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R M Lopes
- Fetal Cardiology Department, Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alex Sandro R Souza
- Post Graduation Department, Integral Health Unit, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - José N Figueiroa
- Post Graduation Department, Integral Health Unit, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme B Alves
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Unit, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
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9
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Diemert A, Goletzke J, Barkmann C, Jung R, Hecher K, Arck P. Maternal progesterone levels are modulated by maternal BMI and predict birth weight sex-specifically in human pregnancies. J Reprod Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28641119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful pregnancy outcome is the result of a tailored adaptation of the maternal endocrine and immune system throughout gestation. We aimed to investigate if maternal endocrine, anthropometric and life style factors assessed longitudinally throughout pregnancy allow prediction of birth weight. STUDY DESIGN Data on maternal factors and obstetrical characteristics from 220 pregnancies from a German prospective pregnancy cohort were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models. The association between maternal progesterone levels at the end of the 1st (gw 12-14), the 2nd (gw 22-24) and the 3rd trimester (gw 34-36) and birth weight of children born at term was examined. Interaction terms were included to identify possible sex-specific associations. Furthermore, associations between maternal and obstetric characteristics and progesterone levels were tested. RESULTS After controlling for possible confounders, progesterone in the 2nd trimester emerged as an independent predictor for birth weight in pregnancies with female (p=0.01), but not male fetuses (p=0.6). In female fetuses each increase of progesterone by 1ng/ml in the 2nd trimester was associated with an increase of birth weight by 6.8g (95%-CI=1.44-12.24). Maternal 1st trimester BMI showed a significant inverse correlation to progesterone levels throughout gestation (p<0.0001 in the 1st and 2nd, p=0.01 in the 3rd trimester). This inverse association between maternal BMI and progesterone levels was confined to overweight women. CONCLUSION Our data support that maternal progesterone levels have the potential to serve as early biomarker for reduced birth weight and underpins the importance of normal weight when entering the reproductive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janina Goletzke
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus Barkmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Robert Jung
- Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Brøns C, Grunnet LG. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Skeletal muscle lipotoxicity in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: a causal mechanism or an innocent bystander? Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R67-R78. [PMID: 27913612 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). One characteristic of a dysfunctional adipose tissue is the reduced expandability of the subcutaneous adipose tissue leading to ectopic storage of fat in organs and/or tissues involved in the pathogenesis of T2D that can cause lipotoxicity. Accumulation of lipids in the skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance, but the majority of previous studies do not prove any causality. Most studies agree that it is not the intramuscular lipids per se that causes insulin resistance, but rather lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols, fatty acyl-CoAs and ceramides and that it is the localization, composition and turnover of these intermediates that play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and T2D. Adipose tissue is a more active tissue than previously thought, and future research should thus aim at examining the exact role of lipid composition, cellular localization and the dynamics of lipid turnover on the development of insulin resistance. In addition, ectopic storage of fat has differential impact on various organs in different phenotypes at risk of developing T2D; thus, understanding how adipogenesis is regulated, the interference with metabolic outcomes and what determines the capacity of adipose tissue expandability in distinct population groups is necessary. This study is a review of the current literature on the adipose tissue expandability hypothesis and how the following ectopic lipid accumulation as a consequence of a limited adipose tissue expandability may be associated with insulin resistance in muscle and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism)Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Groth Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism)Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Laureano DP, Dalle Molle R, Alves MB, Luft C, Desai M, Ross MG, Silveira PP. Intrauterine growth restriction modifies the hedonic response to sweet taste in newborn pups - Role of the accumbal μ-opioid receptors. Neuroscience 2016; 322:500-8. [PMID: 26926962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased preference for palatable foods. The hedonic response to sweet taste, modulated by the nucleus accumbens μ-opioid-receptors, may be involved. We investigated hedonic responses and receptor levels in IUGR and Control animals. From pregnancy day 10, Sprague-Dawley dams received either an ad libitum (Control), or a 50% food restricted (FR) diet. At birth, pups were cross-fostered, and nursed by Adlib fed dams. The hedonic response was evaluated at 1 day after birth and at 90 days of life, by giving sucrose solution or water and analyzing the hedonic facial responses (within 60s). Control pups exposed either to water or sucrose resolved their hedonic responses after 16 and 18s, respectively, while FR hedonic responses to sucrose persisted over 20s. FR pups had deceased phospho-μ-opioid-receptor (p=0.009) and reduced phosphor:total mu opioid receptor ratio compared to controls pups (p=0.003). In adults, there was an interaction between group and solution at the end of the evaluation (p=0.044): Control decreased the response after sucrose solution, FR did not change over time. There were no differences in phosphorylation of μ-opioid-receptor in adults. These results demonstrate IUGR newborn rats exhibit alterations in hedonic response accompanied by a decrease in μ-opioid-receptor phosphorylation, though these alterations do not persist at 3 months of age. Opioid system alterations in early life may contribute to the development of preference for highly palatable foods and contribute to rapid weight gain and obesity in IUGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M B Alves
- PPG Neurociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Luft
- Pontífica Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Desai
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, Harbor-UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - M G Ross
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, Harbor-UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - P P Silveira
- PPG Neurociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PPGSCA-HCPA-FAMED UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Dalle Molle R, Laureano DP, Alves MB, Reis TM, Desai M, Ross MG, Silveira PP. Intrauterine growth restriction increases the preference for palatable foods and affects sensitivity to food rewards in male and female adult rats. Brain Res 2015; 1618:41-9. [PMID: 26006109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause persistent changes in the preference for palatable foods. In this study, we compared food preferences, the response to food rewards, and the role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in feeding behavior, between IUGR and control rats. Time-mated pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a control group (standard chow ad libitum) or a 50% food restriction (FR) group, which received 50% of the control dams׳ habitual intake. These diets were provided from gestation day 10 to the 21st day of lactation. Within 24h of birth, pups were cross-fostered and divided into four groups: Adlib/Adlib, FR/Adlib, FR/FR, Adlib/FR. Standard chow consumption was compared between all groups. Food preferences, conditioned place preference to a palatable diet, and the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation and D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens were analyzed and compared between the two groups of interest: Adlib/Adlib (control) and FR/Adlib (exposed to growth restriction during the fetal period only). IUGR adult rats had a stronger preference for palatable foods, but showed less conditioned place preference to a palatable diet than controls. D2 receptors levels were lower in IUGR rats. At baseline, TH and pTH levels were higher in FR/Adlib than control males. Measurements taken after exposure to sweet foods revealed higher levels of TH and pTH in FR/Adlib than control females. These data showed that IUGR rats exhibited a preference for palatable foods, potentially due to alterations in their mesolimbic reward pathway. Additionally, the changes observed in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of IUGR rats proved to be sex-specific. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 1618.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente. Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Largo Eduardo Zaccaro Faraco, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Pereira Laureano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Sala 107 (Campus Centro), CEP 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bonesso Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Sala 107 (Campus Centro), CEP 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Madeira Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente. Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Largo Eduardo Zaccaro Faraco, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Box 446, RB-1 Bldg., Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Box 446, RB-1 Bldg., Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente. Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Largo Eduardo Zaccaro Faraco, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Sala 107 (Campus Centro), CEP 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Hou L, Hellgren LI, Kongsted AH, Vaag A, Nielsen MO. Pre-natal undernutrition and post-natal overnutrition are associated with permanent changes in hepatic metabolism markers and fatty acid composition in sheep. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:317-29. [PMID: 24313944 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Determine the impacts of pre- and early-post-natal nutrition on selected markers of hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. METHODS Twin-bearing ewes were fed 100% (NORM) or 50% (LOW) of protein and energy requirements during the last 6-weeks of gestation. Twin-lambs received either a high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) or conventional (CONV) diet from 3 days to 6 months of age (around puberty), whereafter lambs from the four subgroups were slaughtered (16 males/3 females). Remaining lambs (19 females) were fed a moderate diet and slaughtered at 2 years of age (young adults). RESULTS Pre-natal LOW nutrition was associated with increased hepatic triglyceride, ceramide and free fatty acid content in adulthood (not observed in lambs), which was accompanied by up-regulated early-stage insulin signalling as reflected by increased INSRβ and PI3K-p110 protein expression. The HCHF diet increased hepatic triglyceride content in lambs, associated with down-regulated expressions of energy-metabolism-related genes (GLUT1, PPARα, SREBP1c, PEPCK). These post-natal effects were not observed in adult HCHF sheep, after they had received a moderate (body-fat correcting) diet for 1.5 years. Interestingly, pre-natal LOW nutrition induced permanent alterations in hepatic phospholipids' fatty acid composition. Thus, the amount of linoleic acid (C18 : 2 ∆(9,12)) was significantly increased and composition of rumen-derived fatty acids were altered, indicating changed composition of rumenal microbiota. CONCLUSION Hepatic insulin signalling and linoleic and microbial-derived fatty acid content in phospholipids are targets of foetal programming induced by late-gestation undernutrition. Future studies are required to explain their cause-effect associations with increased risks of developing hepatic steatosis and insulin insensitivity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Hou
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
- Centre for Fetal Programming; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. I. Hellgren
- Centre for Fetal Programming; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - A. H. Kongsted
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
- Centre for Fetal Programming; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Vaag
- Centre for Fetal Programming; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. O. Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg Denmark
- Centre for Fetal Programming; Copenhagen Denmark
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14
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Investigating the relationship between prenatal growth and postnatal outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2013; 4:434-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Theories regarding the relationship between pre- and postnatal growth and programming of health have been based on characteristics at birth, with little or no reference to the patterns of growth occurring in utero. Review of the literature to identify studies using ultrasonographically obtained fetal dimensions to track prenatal growth and relate these patterns of growth to postnatal anthropometry and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Review of Medline, Scopus and Proquest for studies reporting on ultrasonographically derived estimates of fetal growth and their association with postnatal anthropometry, body composition or cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Quality of papers were assessed using the method developed by Downs and Black. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with a mean score of high quality. Twenty of the studies had follow-up in infancy, five in childhood, three in adolescence and one in adulthood. The associations observed suggest that centile tracking may occur early in pregnancy though whether this is as early as the first trimester is uncertain. The second trimester may be a critical period for the programming of blood pressure and abdominal circumference may be the most sensitive fetal dimension to indicate any programming.
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15
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Mortensen B, Hingst JR, Frederiksen N, Hansen RWW, Christiansen CS, Iversen N, Friedrichsen M, Birk JB, Pilegaard H, Hellsten Y, Vaag A, Wojtaszewski JFP. Effect of birth weight and 12 weeks of exercise training on exercise-induced AMPK signaling in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1379-90. [PMID: 23612997 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00295.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with a low birth weight (LBW) display increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that this is associated with defects in muscle adaptations following acute and regular physical activity, evident by impairments in the exercise-induced activation of AMPK signaling. We investigated 21 LBW and 21 normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during 1 h of acute exercise performed at the same relative workload before and after 12 wk of exercise training. Multiple skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after exercise. Protein levels and phosphorylation status were determined by Western blotting. AMPK activities were measured using activity assays. Protein levels of AMPKα1 and -γ1 were significantly increased, whereas AMPKγ3 levels decreased with training independently of group. The LBW group had higher exercise-induced AMPK Thr(172) phosphorylation before training and higher exercise-induced ACC2 Ser(221) phosphorylation both before and after training compared with NBW. Despite exercise being performed at the same relative intensity (65% of Vo2peak), the acute exercise response on AMPK Thr(172), ACC2 Ser(221), AMPKα2β2γ1, and AMPKα2β2γ3 activities, GS activity, and adenine nucleotides as well as hexokinase II mRNA levels were all reduced after exercise training. Increased exercise-induced muscle AMPK activation and ACC2 Ser(221) phosphorylation in LBW subjects may indicate a more sensitive AMPK system in this population. Long-term exercise training may reduce the need for AMPK to control energy turnover during exercise. Thus, the remaining γ3-associated AMPK activation by acute exercise after exercise training might be sufficient to maintain cellular energy balance.
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16
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Hou L, Kongsted AH, Ghoreishi SM, Takhtsabzy TK, Friedrichsen M, Hellgren LI, Kadarmideen HN, Vaag A, Nielsen MO. Pre- and early-postnatal nutrition modify gene and protein expressions of muscle energy metabolism markers and phospholipid Fatty Acid composition in a muscle type specific manner in sheep. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65452. [PMID: 23755234 PMCID: PMC3675032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that undernutrition in late fetal life reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity in adult sheep, irrespective of dietary exposure in early postnatal life. Skeletal muscle may play an important role in control of insulin action. We therefore studied a range of putative key muscle determinants of insulin signalling in two types of skeletal muscles (longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF)) and in the cardiac muscle (ventriculus sinister cordis (VSC)) of sheep from the same experiment. Twin-bearing ewes were fed either 100% (NORM) or 50% (LOW) of their energy and protein requirements during the last trimester of gestation. From day-3 postpartum to 6-months of age (around puberty), twin offspring received a high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) or a moderate-conventional (CONV) diet, whereafter all males were slaughtered. Females were subsequently raised on a moderate diet and slaughtered at 2-years of age (young adults). The only long-term consequences of fetal undernutrition observed in adult offspring were lower expressions of the insulin responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1α (PGC1α) mRNA in BF, but increased PGC1α expression in VSC. Interestingly, the HCHF diet in early postnatal life was associated with somewhat paradoxically increased expressions in LD of a range of genes (but not proteins) related to glucose uptake, insulin signalling and fatty acid oxidation. Except for fatty acid oxidation genes, these changes persisted into adulthood. No persistent expression changes were observed in BF and VSC. The HCHF diet increased phospholipid ratios of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in all muscles, even in adults fed identical diets for 1½ years. In conclusion, early postnatal, but not late gestation, nutrition had long-term consequences for a number of determinants of insulin action and metabolism in LD. Tissues other than muscle may account for reduced whole body insulin sensitivity in adult LOW sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna H. Kongsted
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tasnim K. Takhtsabzy
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Friedrichsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, the August Krogh Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars I. Hellgren
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haja N. Kadarmideen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette O. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bloomfield FH, Spiroski AM, Harding JE. Fetal growth factors and fetal nutrition. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 18:118-123. [PMID: 23639574 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimal fetal growth is important for a healthy pregnancy outcome and also for lifelong health. Fetal growth is largely regulated by fetal nutrition, and mediated via the maternal and fetal glucose/insulin/insulin-like growth factor axes. Fetal nutrition may reflect maternal nutrition, but abnormalities of placental function can also affect fetal growth, as the placenta plays a key intermediary role in nutritional signalling between mother and fetus. Fetal nutrition also impacts on the development of key fetal endocrine systems such as the glucose-insulin and insulin-like growth factor axes. This is likely to contribute to the link between both fetal growth restriction and fetal overgrowth, and increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in later life. This review focuses on the associations between maternal and fetal nutrition, fetal growth and later disease risk, with particular emphasis on the role of insulin-like growth factors and the importance of the periconceptional period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J E Harding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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18
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Huang LT. Roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5380-401. [PMID: 23466884 PMCID: PMC3634509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, maternal undernutrition, and maternal stress may negatively affect fetal development. Such pregnancies may induce oxidative stress to the fetus and alter fetal development through the epigenetic process that may affect development at a later stage. Melatonin is an oxidant scavenger that reverses oxidative stress during the prenatal period. Moreover, the role of melatonin in epigenetic modifications in the field of developmental programming has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the physiological function of melatonin in pregnancy and discuss the roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies, focusing on its involvement in redox and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Miao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-169; Fax: +886-773-380-09
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight has its origins largely in early life. We aimed to identify the most important parental, fetal, and infant risk factors of preschool overweight. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, among 3,610 Caucasian preschool children, we assessed the associations of 34 putative parental, fetal, and infant factors with overweight risk. RESULTS Higher maternal BMI, paternal BMI, and birth weight were associated with higher risk of preschool overweight (odds ratio (OR): 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.39; OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.53; and OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 2.27, 3.25, respectively, per SD increase). The same model identified low household income (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.45), being female (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.01), and experiencing third-trimester accelerated growth (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.40) or postnatal accelerated growth (OR: 6.39, 95% CI: 4.54, 8.99) as risk factors for preschool overweight. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake at 14 mo was associated with a lower risk of preschool overweight (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.96 per SD). CONCLUSION Parental anthropometrics and household income, fetal and infant accelerated growth, and infant dietary fat intake are the major risk factors for the development of preschool overweight. Further studies need to explore whether these risk factors could be potential targets for preventive interventions.
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20
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Intrauterine growth restriction and the fetal programming of the hedonic response to sweet taste in newborn infants. Int J Pediatr 2012; 2012:657379. [PMID: 22851979 PMCID: PMC3407636 DOI: 10.1155/2012/657379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased risk for adult metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, which seems to be related to altered food preferences in these individuals later in life. In this study, we sought to understand whether intrauterine growth leads to fetal programming of the hedonic responses to sweet. Sixteen 1-day-old preterm infants received 24% sucrose solution or water and the taste reactivity was filmed and analyzed. Spearman correlation demonstrated a positive correlation between fetal growth and the hedonic response to the sweet solution in the first 15 seconds after the offer (r = 0.864, P = 0.001), without correlation when the solution given is water (r = 0.314, P = 0.455). In fact, the more intense the intrauterine growth restriction, the lower the frequency of the hedonic response observed. IUGR is strongly correlated with the hedonic response to a sweet solution in the first day of life in preterm infants. This is the first evidence in humans to demonstrate that the hedonic response to sweet taste is programmed very early during the fetal life by the degree of intrauterine growth. The altered hedonic response at birth and subsequent differential food preference may contribute to the increased risk of obesity and related disorders in adulthood in intrauterine growth-restricted individuals.
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21
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Silveira PP, Agranonik M, Faras H, Portella AK, Meaney MJ, Levitan RD. Preliminary evidence for an impulsivity-based thrifty eating phenotype. Pediatr Res 2012; 71:293-8. [PMID: 22278183 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2011.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low birth weight is associated with obesity and an increased risk for metabolic/cardiovascular diseases in later life. RESULTS The results of the snack delay test, which encompassed four distinct trials, indicated that the gender × intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) × trial interaction was a predictor of the ability to delay the food reward (P = 0.002). Among children with normal birth weights, girls showed a greater ability to delay food rewards than did boys (P = 0.014).In contrast, among children with IUGR, there was no such differential ability between girls and boys. Furthermore, in girls, impulsive responding predicted both increased consumption of palatable fat (P = 0.007) and higher BMIs (P = 0.020) at 48 mo of age, although there was no such association with BMI at 36 mo. DISCUSSION In girls, the quality of fetal growth may contribute to impulsive eating, which may promote an increased intake of fats and consequently higher BMIs. As with the original thrifty phenotype, such a mechanism would be adaptive when food supplies are sparse, but would be problematic in societies with ample access to calorically rich foods. METHODS We examined whether the quality of intrauterine growth programs obesogenic eating behaviors, by investigating (i) the relationship between birth weight and impulsive eating in 3-year-old children (using the snack delay test), and (ii) whether impulsive eating predicts fat intake and/or BMI at 4 years of age (using a laboratory-based test meal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia P Silveira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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