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Nguyen BN, Hong S, Choi S, Lee CG, Yoo G, Kim M. Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and bone loss in six genetically diverse collaborative cross founder strains demonstrates phenotypic variability by Rg3 treatment. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:310-322. [PMID: 38707648 PMCID: PMC11069000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcopenia is a common condition characterized by the loss of both bone and muscle mass, which can lead to an increased risk of fractures and disability in older adults. The study aimed to elucidate the response of various mouse strains to treatment with Rg3, one of the leading ginsenosides, on musculoskeletal traits and immune function, and their correlation. Methods Six Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains induced muscle atrophy and bone loss with dexamethasone (15 mg/kg) treatment for 1 month, and half of the mice for each strain were orally administered Rg3 (20 mg/kg). Different responses were observed depending on genetic background and Rg3 treatment. Results Rg3 significantly increased grip strength, running performance, and expression of muscle and bone health-related genes in a two-way analysis of variance considering the genetic backgrounds and Rg3 treatment. Significant improvements in grip strength, running performance, bone area, and muscle mass, and the increased gene expression were observed in specific strains of PWK/PhJ. For traits related to muscle, bone, and immune functions, significant correlations between traits were confirmed following Rg3 administration compared with control mice. The phenotyping analysis was compiled into a public web resource called Rg3-OsteoSarco. Conclusion This highlights the complex interplay between genetic determinants, pathogenesis of muscle atrophy and bone loss, and phytochemical bioactivity and the need to move away from single inbred mouse models to improve their translatability to genetically diverse humans. Rg3-OsteoSarco highlights the use of CC founder strains as a valuable tool in the field of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ngoc Nguyen
- College of Dentistry, Gangneung Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowoon Choi
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - GyHye Yoo
- Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Yang G(K, Chen H, Cheng KL, Tang MF, Wang Y, Hung LH(A, Cheng CY(J, Mak KL(K, Lee YW(W. Potential Interaction between WNT16 and Vitamin D on Bone Qualities in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients and Healthy Controls. Biomedicines 2024; 12:250. [PMID: 38275421 PMCID: PMC10813331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation has been suggested to improve BMD in AIS, and its outcomes may be related to genetic factors. The present study aimed to (a) investigate the synergistic effect between a low BMD-related gene (wingless-related integration site 16, WNT16) and two important Vit-D pathway genes (Vit-D receptor, VDR, and Vit-D binding protein, VDBP) on serum Vit-D and bone qualities in Chinese AIS patients and healthy adolescents, and (b) to further investigate the effect of ablating Wnt16 on the cortical bone quality and whether diets with different dosages of Vit-D would further influence bone quality during the rapid growth phase in mice in the absence of Wnt16. A total of 519 girls (318 AIS vs. 201 controls) were recruited, and three selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (WNT16 rs3801387, VDBP rs2282679, and VDR rs2228570) were genotyped. The serum 25(OH)Vit-D level was significantly associated with VDBP rs2282679 alleles (OR = -4.844; 95% CI, -7.521 to -2.167, p < 0.001). Significant multi-locus models were identified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analyses on the serum 25(OH)Vit-D level (p = 0.006) and trabecular area (p = 0.044). In the gene-edited animal study, Wnt16 global knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) male mice were provided with different Vit-D diets (control chow (1000 IU/Kg) vs. Vit-D-deficient chow (Nil in Vit-D) vs. high-dose Vit-D chow (20,000 IU/Kg)) from 4 weeks to 10 weeks old. Wnt16 global KO mice had significantly lower serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels and higher liver Vdbp mRNA expression levels than WT mice. In addition, Wnt16 global KO mice showed a decrease in bone density, cortical thickness and cortical area compared with WT mice. Interestingly, high-dose Vit-D chow led to lower bone density, cortical thickness, and cortical area in WT mice, which were less obvious in Wnt16 global KO mice. In conclusion, WNT16 may regulate the serum 25(OH)Vit-D level and bone qualities, which might be associated with VDBP expression. Further investigations with a larger sample size and wider spectrum of scoliosis severity are required to validate our findings regarding the interaction between WNT16 and Vit-D status in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu (Kenneth) Yang
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanxiong Chen
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ka-Lo Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lik-Hang (Alec) Hung
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yiu (Jack) Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yuk-Wai (Wayne) Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Jawich K, Hadakie R, Jamal S, Habeeb R, Al Fahoum S, Ferlin A, De Toni L. Emerging Role of Non-collagenous Bone Proteins as Osteokines in Extraosseous Tissues. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:215-225. [PMID: 37937553 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268414231017074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a unique tissue, composed of various types of cells embedded in a calcified extracellular matrix (ECM), whose dynamic structure consists of organic and inorganic compounds produced by bone cells. The main inorganic component is represented by hydroxyapatite, whilst the organic ECM is primarily made up of type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins. These proteins play an important role in bone homeostasis, calcium regulation, and maintenance of the hematopoietic niche. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of specific bone proteins, named "osteokines", possessing endocrine functions and exerting effects on nonosseous tissues. Accordingly, osteokines have been found to act as growth factors, cell receptors, and adhesion molecules, thus modifying the view of bone from a static tissue fulfilling mobility to an endocrine organ itself. Since bone is involved in a paracrine and endocrine cross-talk with other tissues, a better understanding of bone secretome and the systemic roles of osteokines is expected to provide benefits in multiple topics: such as identification of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses in detail the known osseous and extraosseous effects of these proteins and the possible respective clinical and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda Jawich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Hadakie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Souhaib Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Habeeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Sahar Al Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Zhang X, Lin H, Zheng DL, Lu YG, Zou Y, Su B. Exploring the Role of Wnt Ligands in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:64. [PMID: 38158464 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the functions of 19 types of Wnt ligands during the process of osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), with particular attention to WNT3A and WNT4. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of 19 types of Wnt ligands were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) during hPDLSCs osteogenic differentiation at 7, 10, and 14 days. Knockdown of WNT3A and WNT4 expression was achieved using adenovirus vectors, and conditioned medium derived from WNT3A and WNT4 overexpression plasmids was employed to investigate their roles in hPDLSCs osteogenesis. Osteogenic-specific genes were analyzed using real-time qPCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S activities and staining were employed to assess hPDLSCs' osteogenic differentiation ability. RESULTS During hPDLSCs osteogenic differentiation, the expression of 19 types of Wnt ligands varied, with WNT3A and WNT4 showing significant upregulation. Inhibiting WNT3A and WNT4 expression hindered hPDLSCs' osteogenic capacity. Conditioned medium of WNT3A promoted early osteogenic differentiation, while WNT4 facilitated late osteogenesis slightly. CONCLUSION Wnt ligands, particularly WNT3A and WNT4, play an important role in hPDLSCs' osteogenic differentiation, highlighting their potential as promoters of osteogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given the challenging nature of alveolar bone regeneration, therapeutic strategies that target WNT3A and WNT4 signaling pathways offer promising opportunities. Additionally, innovative gene therapy approaches aimed at regulating of WNT3A and WNT4 expression hold potential for improving alveolar bone regeneration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hanrui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuchun Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Bohua Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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5
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Chen Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Xue X, Hua Y. Identification of four-gene signature to diagnose osteoarthritis through bioinformatics and machine learning methods. Cytokine 2023; 169:156300. [PMID: 37454542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint disorders, effective biomarkers to diagnose OA are still unavailable. This study aimed to acquire some key synovial biomarkers (hub genes) and analyze their correlation with immune infiltration in OA. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical characteristics of OA and healthy synovial samples were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Hub genes for OA were mined based on a combination of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest (RF) algorithms. A diagnostic nomogram model for OA prediction was developed based on the hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were performed to confirm the abnormal expression of hub genes in the experimemtal and validation datasets. qRT-PCR using patients' samples were conducted as well. In addition, the infiltration level of 28 immune cells in the expression profile and their relationship with hub genes were analyzed using single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). RESULTS 4 hub genes (ZBTB16, TNFSF11, SCRG1 and KDELR3) were obtained by WGCNA, lasso, SVM-RFE, RF algorithms as potential biomarkers for OA. The immune infiltration analyses revealed that hub genes were most correlated with regulatory T cell and natural killer cell. CONCLUSION A machine learning model to diagnose OA based on ZBTB16, TNFSF11, SCRG1 and KDELR3 using synovial tissue was constructed, providing theoretical foundation and guideline for diagnostic and treatment targets in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao'ao Xue
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Liu XP, Li JQ, Li RY, Cao GL, Feng YB, Zhang W. Loss of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase V is involved in the impaired osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Anim 2023; 72:413-424. [PMID: 37019682 PMCID: PMC10435351 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation causes osteoporosis (OP), a common skeletal disorder. Decreased osteogenic activity was found in the bone marrow cultures from N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase V (MGAT5)-deficient mice. We hypothesized that MGAT5 was associated with osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and involved in the pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis. To test this hypothesis, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MGAT5 were determined in bone tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a well-established OP model, and the role of MGAT5 in osteogenic activity was investigated in murine BMSCs. As expected, being accompanied by the loss of bone mass density and osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and osterix), a reduced expression of MGAT5 in vertebrae and femur tissues were found in OP mice. In vitro, knockdown of Mgat5 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs, as evidenced by the decreased expressions of osteogenic markers and less alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining. Mechanically, knockdown of Mgat5 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, thereby downregulating the expressions of downstream genes c-myc and axis inhibition protein 2, which were also associated with osteogenic differentiation. In addition, Mgat5 knockdown inhibited bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. In conclusion, MGAT5 may modulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the β-catenin, BMP type 2 (BMP2) and TGF-β signals and involved in the process of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Po Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Yu Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Long Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Bo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Pan L, Jiang W, Dong H, Jin Z, Kang J, Liu R, Ning B. Periplocin targets low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 to attenuate osteoclastogenesis and protect against osteoporosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115516. [PMID: 36966936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common inflammaging-related condition, where long-term accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines causes massive bone loss. Periplocin, a cardiotonic steroid isolated from Periploca forrestii, has been proved to reduce inflammation in several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, its effect and mechanism of inflammation in osteoporosis, in which pro-inflammatory factors accelerate bone loss, has not been well demonstrated. In this study, periplocin attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells in vitro. It reduced osteoclast numbers and bone resorption in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further, periplocin treatment resulted in reduced bone loss on mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in vivo. By transcriptome sequencing, periplocin was indicated to function through inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and attenuating interactions between NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1). It was further detected to bind low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) in osteoclasts to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic effects. Overall, the findings have highlighted a better understanding for the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic role of periplocin in osteoporosis and its mechanism, bringing new possibilities for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhengfang Sun
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Liuzhu Pan
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China
| | - Zhengxin Jin
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China.
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250013, China; Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China.
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8
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Milanese JS, Marcotte R, Costain WJ, Kablar B, Drouin S. Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Development: A Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Overview. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:21-55. [PMID: 37955770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to assess various cellular events consequent to perturbations, such as genetic mutations, disease states and therapies, has been recently revolutionized by technological advances in multiple "omics" fields. The resulting deluge of information has enabled and necessitated the development of tools required to both process and interpret the data. While of tremendous value to basic researchers, the amount and complexity of the data has made it extremely difficult to manually draw inference and identify factors key to the study objectives. The challenges of data reduction and interpretation are being met by the development of increasingly complex tools that integrate disparate knowledge bases and synthesize coherent models based on current biological understanding. This chapter presents an example of how genomics data can be integrated with biological network analyses to gain further insight into the developmental consequences of genetic perturbations. State of the art methods for conducting similar studies are discussed along with modern methods used to analyze and interpret the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Marcotte
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Willard J Costain
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Kablar
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Du S, Zhu C, Ren X, Chen X, Cui X, Guan S. Regulation of secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins in human cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:942849. [PMID: 36825005 PMCID: PMC9941534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.942849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory pathway kinase or kinase-like proteins (SPKKPs) are effective in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (GA), and extracellular space. These proteins are involved in secretory signaling pathways and are distinctive from typical protein kinases. Various reports have shown that SPKKPs regulate the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancer via the phosphorylation of various substrates, which is essential in physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence has revealed that the expression of SPKKPs in human cancers is regulated by multiple factors. This review summarizes the current understanding of the contribution of SPKKPs in tumorigenesis and the progression of immunity. With the epidemic trend of immunotherapy, targeting SPKKPs may be a novel approach to anticancer therapy. This study briefly discusses the recent advances regarding SPKKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Pathogenesis of FGF23-Related Hypophosphatemic Diseases Including X-linked Hypophosphatemia. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since phosphate is indispensable for skeletal mineralization, chronic hypophosphatemia causes rickets and osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is mainly produced by osteocytes in bone, functions as the central regulator of phosphate metabolism by increasing the renal excretion of phosphate and suppressing the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The excessive action of FGF23 results in hypophosphatemic diseases, which include a number of genetic disorders such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). Phosphate-regulating gene homologous to endopeptidase on the X chromosome (PHEX), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1, and family with sequence similarity 20c, the inactivating variants of which are responsible for FGF23-related hereditary rickets/osteomalacia, are highly expressed in osteocytes, similar to FGF23, suggesting that they are local negative regulators of FGF23. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is caused by cleavage-resistant variants of FGF23, and iron deficiency increases serum levels of FGF23 and the manifestation of symptoms in ADHR. Enhanced FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling in osteocytes is suggested to be involved in the overproduction of FGF23 in XLH and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1, which are caused by the inactivation of PHEX and DMP1, respectively. TIO is caused by the overproduction of FGF23 by phosphaturic tumors, which are often positive for FGFR. FGF23-related hypophosphatemia may also be associated with McCune-Albright syndrome, linear sebaceous nevus syndrome, and the intravenous administration of iron. This review summarizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases.
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Maridas DE, Gamer L, Moore ER, Doedens AM, Yu Y, Ionescu A, Revollo L, Whitman M, Rosen V. Loss of Vlk in Prx1 + Cells Delays the Initial Steps of Endochondral Bone Formation and Fracture Repair in the Limb. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:764-775. [PMID: 35080046 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate lonesome kinase (Vlk) is a secreted tyrosine kinase important for normal skeletogenesis during embryonic development. Vlk null mice (Vlk-/- ) are born with severe craniofacial and limb skeletal defects and die shortly after birth. We used a conditional deletion model to remove Vlk in limb bud mesenchyme (Vlk-Prx1 cKO) to assess the specific requirement for Vlk expression by skeletal progenitor cells during endochondral ossification, and an inducible global deletion model (Vlk-Ubq iKO) to address the role of Vlk during fracture repair. Deletion of Vlk with Prx1-Cre recapitulated the limb skeletal phenotype of the Vlk-/- mice and enabled us to study the postnatal skeleton as Vlk-Prx1 cKO mice survived to adulthood. In Vlk-Prx1 cKO adult mice, limbs remained shorter with decreased trabecular and cortical bone volumes. Both Vlk-Prx1 cKO and Vlk-Ubq iKO mice had a delayed fracture repair response but eventually formed bridging calluses. Furthermore, levels of phosphorylated osteopontin (OPN) were decreased in tibias of Vlk-Ubq iKO, establishing OPN as a Vlk substrate in bone. In summary, our data indicate that Vlk produced by skeletal progenitor cells influences the timing and extent of chondrogenesis during endochondral bone formation and fracture repair. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Maridas
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily R Moore
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annemiek M Doedens
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Leila Revollo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malcolm Whitman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Jonvik KL, Torstveit MK, Sundgot-Borgen JK, Mathisen TF. Do we need to change the guideline values for determining low bone mineral density in athletes? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1320-1322. [PMID: 35060767 PMCID: PMC9126212 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00851.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L. Jonvik
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway
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13
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Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Osteoblast Differentiation and Function Are Associated with Anthropometric Phenotypes in Spanish Women. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122012. [PMID: 34946961 PMCID: PMC8701034 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the genetic variance associated with osteoporosis is still unknown. Bone mineral density (BMD) is the main predictor of osteoporosis risk, although other anthropometric phenotypes have recently gained importance. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of SNPs in genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and function with BMD, body mass index (BMI), and waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences. Four genes that affect osteoblast differentiation and/or function were selected from among the differentially expressed genes in fragility hip fracture (FOXC1, CTNNB1, MEF2C, and EBF2), and an association study of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted in a cohort of 1001 women. Possible allelic imbalance was also studied for SNP rs87939 of the CTNNB1 gene. We found significant associations of SNP rs87939 of the CTNNB1 gene with LS-sBMD, and of SNP rs1366594 of the MEF2C gene with BMI, after adjustment for confounding variables. The SNP of the MEF2C gene also showed a significant trend to association with FN-sBMD (p = 0.009). A possible allelic imbalance was ruled out as no differences for each allele were detected in CTNNB1 expression in primary osteoblasts obtained from homozygous women. In conclusion, we demonstrated that two SNPs in the MEF2C and CTNNB1 genes, both implicated in osteoblast differentiation and/or function, are associated with BMI and LS-sBMD, respectively.
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Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Lockey SJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Hennis PJ, Day SH, Stebbings GK. Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: part A-site-specific characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3437-3445. [PMID: 34510274 PMCID: PMC8571133 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity, particularly mechanical loading that results in high-peak force and is multi-directional in nature, increases bone mineral density (BMD). In athletes such as endurance runners, this association is more complex due to other factors such as low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction. Moreover, many studies of athletes have used small sample sizes and/or athletes of varying abilities, making it difficult to compare BMD phenotypes between studies. METHOD The primary aim of this study was to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone phenotypes of high-level endurance runners (58 women and 45 men) to non-athletes (60 women and 52 men). Our secondary aim was to examine the influence of menstrual irregularities and sporting activity completed during childhood on these bone phenotypes. RESULTS Female runners had higher leg (4%) but not total body or lumbar spine BMD than female non-athletes. Male runners had lower lumbar spine (9%) but similar total and leg BMD compared to male non-athletes, suggesting that high levels of site-specific mechanical loading was advantageous for BMD in females only and a potential presence of reduced energy availability in males. Menstrual status in females and the number of sports completed in childhood in males and females had no influence on bone phenotypes within the runners. CONCLUSION Given the large variability in BMD in runners and non-athletes, other factors such as variation in genetic make-up alongside mechanical loading probably influence BMD across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - R M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - P J Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - S H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - G K Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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15
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Mäkitie RE, Henning P, Jiu Y, Kämpe A, Kogan K, Costantini A, Välimäki V, Medina‐Gomez C, Pekkinen M, Salusky IB, Schalin‐Jäntti C, Haanpää MK, Rivadeneira F, Bassett JHD, Williams GR, Lerner UH, Pereira RC, Lappalainen P, Mäkitie O. An ARHGAP25 variant links aberrant Rac1 function to early-onset skeletal fragility. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10509. [PMID: 34258505 PMCID: PMC8260816 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homologous guanosine triphosphatases (RhoGTPases) control several cellular functions, including cytoskeletal actin remodeling and cell migration. Their activities are downregulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Although RhoGTPases are implicated in bone remodeling and osteoclast and osteoblast function, their significance in human bone health and disease remains elusive. Here, we report defective RhoGTPase regulation as a cause of severe, early-onset, autosomal-dominant skeletal fragility in a three-generation Finnish family. Affected individuals (n = 13) presented with multiple low-energy peripheral and vertebral fractures despite normal bone mineral density (BMD). Bone histomorphometry suggested reduced bone volume, low surface area covered by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and low bone turnover. Exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.652G>A (p.G218R) in ARHGAP25, encoding a GAP for Rho-family GTPase Rac1. Variants in the ARHGAP25 5' untranslated region (UTR) also associated with BMD and fracture risk in the general population, across multiple genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses (lead variant rs10048745). ARHGAP25 messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated human monocytes and mouse osteoblasts, indicating a possible role for ARHGAP25 in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. Studies on subject-derived osteoclasts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not reveal robust defects in mature osteoclast formation or resorptive activity. However, analysis of osteosarcoma cells overexpressing the ARHGAP25 G218R-mutant, combined with structural modeling, confirmed that the mutant protein had decreased GAP-activity against Rac1, resulting in elevated Rac1 activity, increased cell spreading, and membrane ruffling. Our findings indicate that mutated ARHGAP25 causes aberrant Rac1 function and consequently abnormal bone metabolism, highlighting the importance of RhoGAP signaling in bone metabolism in familial forms of skeletal fragility and in the general population, and expanding our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying skeletal fragility. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionCentre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Yaming Jiu
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ville‐Valtteri Välimäki
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyHelsinki University Central Hospital and Helsinki University, Jorvi HospitalEspooFinland
| | - Carolina Medina‐Gomez
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Camilla Schalin‐Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria K. Haanpää
- Department of Genomics and Clinical GeneticsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - John H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionCentre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Renata C. Pereira
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Children's HospitalUniversity and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Lee JH, Park J, Kim JH, Choi JY, Choi HJ, Ku EJ, Hong AR, Shin CS, Cho NH. Integrative analysis of genetic and clinical risk factors for bone loss in a Korean population. Bone 2021; 147:115910. [PMID: 33722773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relative contribution of genetic and clinical factors for bone loss is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the annualized percentage change in total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and the genetic and clinical risk factors for bone loss in a Korean prospective cohort study over a 6-year period. METHODS We included 645 men aged ≥50 years and 683 postmenopausal women who had repeated BMD testing between 2007 and 2014. The association between covariates and annualized percentage change in hip BMD was analyzed through the multivariate linear regression analysis. A total of 2614 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 23 known BMD-related candidate genes and genome-wise association study were investigated. RESULTS Hip bone loss increased more rapidly in women than in men with advancing age. Hip bone loss in men increased with lean mass (LM) loss (%/year) (P < 0.001) and current smoking (P = 0.024) and decreased with increasing waist circumference (WC) (P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.049), and increase in red blood cell counts (P = 0.031). Decreasing WC (P = 0.009), LM loss (%/year) (P < 0.001), and years since menopause ≤ 3 years (P = 0.003) significantly correlated with hip bone loss in women aged 45-59 years. Hip bone loss in women aged ≥60 years increased with advancing age (P = 0.012), alcohol consumption (P = 0.028), LM loss (%/year) (P = 0.031), and fat mass loss (%/year) (P < 0.001) and decreased with increasing WC (P = 0.025). LRP5 rs498830 (β = 0.127, P = 0.007) and TNFSF11 rs7325635 (β = 0.146, P = 0.001) were the top SNPs related to hip bone loss in men and postmenopausal women, respectively. However, none of the SNPs were associated with hip bone loss after Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment. CONCLUSION In this study, decreasing WC and LM were significant risk factors for hip bone loss in both men and women. Those factors were also identified that had sex-specific or age-specific effects on hip bone loss. None of the SNPs were associated with hip bone loss after multiple testing adjustments. The understanding of the modifiable factors contributing to bone loss has been broadened, and this may have implications such as in developing individualized preventive strategy. Further studies are needed to better predict the risk for bone loss in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JooYong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University hospital, Cheongju Si, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Related to Bone Stability in Laying Hens Using Random Forests. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050702. [PMID: 34066823 PMCID: PMC8151682 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders, including fractures and osteoporosis, in laying hens cause major welfare and economic problems. Although genetics have been shown to play a key role in bone integrity, little is yet known about the underlying genetic architecture of the traits. This study aimed to identify genes associated with bone breaking strength and bone mineral density of the tibiotarsus and the humerus in laying hens. Potentially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified using Random Forests classification. We then searched for genes known to be related to bone stability in close proximity to the SNPs and identified 16 potential candidates. Some of them had human orthologues. Based on our findings, we can support the assumption that multiple genes determine bone strength, with each of them having a rather small effect, as illustrated by our SNP effect estimates. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis showed that some of these candidates are involved in metabolic pathways critical for bone integrity. In conclusion, the identified candidates represent genes that may play a role in the bone integrity of chickens. Although further studies are needed to determine causality, the genes reported here are promising in terms of alleviating bone disorders in laying hens.
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18
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Abuna RPF, Almeida LO, Souza ATP, Fernandes RR, Sverzut TFV, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Osteoporosis and osteoblasts cocultured with adipocytes inhibit osteoblast differentiation by downregulating histone acetylation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3906-3917. [PMID: 33124698 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and adipocyte accumulation within the bone marrow that inhibits osteoblast maturation, leading to a high risk of fractures. Thus, we hypothesized that osteoblasts, besides being negatively affected by interacting with adipocytes, reduce the differentiation of neighboring osteoblasts through the same mechanisms that affect osteoblasts under osteoporotic conditions. We investigated the effect of osteoporosis on osteoblast differentiation and the effect of the conditioned medium of osteoblasts cocultured with adipocytes on the differentiation of other osteoblasts. Osteoporosis was induced by orchiectomy in rats and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were differentiated into osteoblasts. Also, the bone marrow and adipose tissue MSCs were obtained from healthy rats and differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, respectively. Messenger RNA expression, in situ alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization confirmed the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis on osteoblast differentiation. This harmful effect was mimicked by the in vitro model using the conditioned medium and it was demonstrated that osteoblasts keep the memory of the negative impact of interacting with adipocytes, revealing an unknown mechanism relevant to the osteoporotic bone loss. Finally, we showed the involvement of acetyl-histone 3 (AcH3) in bone homeostasis as its reduction induced by osteoporosis and conditioned medium impaired osteoblast differentiation. The AcH3 involvement was proved by treating osteoblasts with Trichostatin A that recovered the AcH3 expression and osteoblast differentiation capacity in both situations. Together, our findings indicated that AcH3 might be a target for future studies focused on epigenetic-based therapies to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P F Abuna
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Almeida
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alann T P Souza
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger R Fernandes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thales F V Sverzut
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pan FF, Shao J, Shi CJ, Li ZP, Fu WM, Zhang JF. Apigenin promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and accelerates bone fracture healing via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E760-E771. [PMID: 33645251 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00543.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin (API), a natural plant flavone, is abundantly found in common fruits and vegetables. As a bioactive flavonoid, API exhibits several activities including antiproliferation and anti-inflammation. A recent study showed that API could retard osteoporosis progress, indicating its role in the skeletal system. However, the detailed function and mechanism remain obscure. In the present study, API was found to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). And further investigation showed that API could enhance the expression of the critical transcription factor β-catenin and several downstream target genes of Wnt signaling, thus activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Using a rat femoral fracture model, API was found to improve new bone formation and accelerate fracture healing in vivo. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that API could promote osteogenesis in vitro and facilitate the fracture healing in vivo via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that API may be a promising therapeutic candidate for bone fracture repair.NEW & NOTEWORTHY1) API promoted osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in vitro; 2) API facilitated bone formation and accelerated fracture healing in vivo; 3) API stimulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during osteogenesis of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Xu F, Li W, Yang X, Na L, Chen L, Liu G. The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619301. [PMID: 33569383 PMCID: PMC7868402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and the destruction of bone microstructure, which can lead to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the pathological mechanism of osteoporosis, the research on epigenetics has made significant progress. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels that are not caused by changes in gene sequences, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (lncRNA, microRNA, and circRNA). Epigenetics play mainly a post-transcriptional regulatory role and have important functions in the biological signal regulatory network. Studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are closely related to osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis, bone remodeling and other bone metabolism-related processes. Abnormal epigenetic regulation can lead to a series of bone metabolism-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Considering the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone metabolism, we mainly review the research progress on epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs) in the osteogenic differentiation and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis to provide a new direction for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Yang P, Yang Y, Sun P, Tian Y, Gao F, Wang C, Zong T, Li M, Zhang Y, Yu T, Jiang Z. βII spectrin (SPTBN1): biological function and clinical potential in cancer and other diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:32-49. [PMID: 33390831 PMCID: PMC7757025 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
βII spectrin, the most common isoform of non-erythrocyte spectrin, is a cytoskeleton protein present in all nucleated cells. Interestingly, βII spectrin is essential for the development of various organs such as nerve, epithelium, inner ear, liver and heart. The functions of βII spectrin include not only establishing and maintaining the cell structure but also regulating a variety of cellular functions, such as cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, cell spreading and cell cycle regulation. Notably, βII spectrin dysfunction is associated with embryonic lethality and the DNA damage response. More recently, the detection of altered βII spectrin expression in tumors indicated that βII spectrin might be involved in the development and progression of cancer. Its mutations and disorders could result in developmental disabilities and various diseases. The versatile roles of βII spectrin in disease have been examined in an increasing number of studies; nonetheless, the exact mechanisms of βII spectrin are still poorly understood. Thus, we summarize the structural features and biological roles of βII spectrin and discuss its molecular mechanisms and functions in development, homeostasis, regeneration and differentiation. This review highlight the potential effects of βII spectrin dysfunction in cancer and other diseases, outstanding questions for the future investigation of therapeutic targets. The investigation of the regulatory mechanism of βII spectrin signal inactivation and recovery may bring hope for future therapy of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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22
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Ebrahimi P, Luthman H, McGuigan FE, Akesson KE. Epigenome-wide cross-tissue correlation of human bone and blood DNA methylation - can blood be used as a surrogate for bone? Epigenetics 2020; 16:92-105. [PMID: 32692944 PMCID: PMC7889104 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1788325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulty in obtaining bone tissue is an obstacle to studying epigenetics to understand gene–environment interactions, and their role in disease pathogenesis. Blood is an obvious alternative and in this proof of principle study, our aim was to systematically investigate whether blood is a viable surrogate for bone. We measured epigenome-wide DNA methylation at 850 K CpG sites in matched trabecular bone and peripheral blood collected from the same patients at the same time-point (n = 12 women; 66–85y), to investigate the between-tissue correspondence. What constituted a CpG site with corresponding methylation in both tissues was stringently defined. Only sites highly correlated (r2 > 0.74; FDR q-value <0.05) and at least 80% similarity in methylation level (Δβ <0.2) between paired samples were retained. In total, 28,549 CpG sites were similarly methylated in bone and blood. Between 33% and 49% of loci associated with bone phenotypes through GWAS were represented among these sites, and major pathways relevant to bone regulation were enriched. The results from this study indicate that blood can mirror the bone methylome and capture sites related to bone regulation. This study shows that in principal, peripheral blood is a feasible surrogate for bone tissue in DNA methylation investigations. As the first step, this will provide a platform for future studies in bone epigenetics, and possibly for larger-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Holger Luthman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Genetics Unit, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital , Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Levy R, Levet C, Cohen K, Freeman M, Mott R, Iraqi F, Gabet Y. A genome-wide association study in mice reveals a role for Rhbdf2 in skeletal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3286. [PMID: 32094386 PMCID: PMC7039944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low bone mass and an increased risk of fracture are predictors of osteoporosis. Individuals who share the same bone-mineral density (BMD) vary in their fracture risk, suggesting that microstructural architecture is an important determinant of skeletal strength. Here, we utilized the rich diversity of the Collaborative Cross mice to identify putative causal genes that contribute to the risk of fractures. Using microcomputed tomography, we examined key structural features that pertain to bone quality in the femoral cortical and trabecular compartments of male and female mice. We estimated the broad-sense heritability to be 50–60% for all examined traits, and we identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with six traits. We refined each QTL by combining information inferred from the ancestry of the mice, ranging from RNA-Seq data and published literature to shortlist candidate genes. We found strong evidence for new candidate genes, particularly Rhbdf2, whose close association with the trabecular bone volume fraction and number was strongly suggested by our analyses. We confirmed our findings with mRNA expression assays of Rhbdf2 in extreme-phenotype mice, and by phenotyping bones of Rhbdf2 knockout mice. Our results indicate that Rhbdf2 plays a decisive role in bone mass accrual and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roei Levy
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Clemence Levet
- Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Keren Cohen
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Mott
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fuad Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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24
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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis reference genes for qPCR expression assays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16533. [PMID: 31712560 PMCID: PMC6848520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic factors in more than half of the cases. In spite of the efforts to clarify the relationship among genetic factors and susceptibility to develop OP, many genetic associations need to be further functionally validated. Besides, some limitations as the choice of stably expressed reference genes (RG) should be overcome to ensure the quality and reproducibility of gene expression assays. To our knowledge, a validation study for RG in OP is still missing. We compared the expression levels, using polymerase chain reaction quantitative real time (qPCR) of 10 RG (G6PD, B2M, GUSB, HSP90, EF1A, RPLP0, GAPDH, ACTB, 18 S and HPRT1) to assess their suitability in OP analysis by using GeNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder programs. A minimal number of two RG was recommended by GeNorm to obtain a reliable normalization. RPLP0 and B2M were identified as the most stable genes in OP studies while ACTB, 18 S and HPRT1 were inadequate for normalization in our data set. Moreover, we showed the dramatic effects of suboptimal RG choice on the quantification of a target gene, highlighting the importance in the identification of the most appropriate reference gene to specific diseases. We suggest the use of RPLP0 and B2M as the most stable reference genes while we do not recommend the use of the least stable reference genes HPRT1, 18 S and ACTB in OP expression assays using PBMC as biological source. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of individualized and careful choice in software and reference genes selection.
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25
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Schlesinger PH, Blair HC, Beer Stolz D, Riazanski V, Ray EC, Tourkova IL, Nelson DJ. Cellular and extracellular matrix of bone, with principles of synthesis and dependency of mineral deposition on cell membrane transport. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C111-C124. [PMID: 31532718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone differs from other connective tissues; it is isolated by a layer of osteoblasts that are connected by tight and gap junctions. This allows bone to create dense lamellar type I collagen, control pH, mineral deposition, and regulate water content forming a compact and strong structure. New woven bone formed after degradation of mineralized cartilage is rapidly degraded and resynthesized to impart structural order for local bone strength. Ossification is regulated by thickness of bone units and by patterning via bone morphogenetic receptors including activin, other bone morphogenetic protein receptors, transforming growth factor-β receptors, all part of a receptor superfamily. This superfamily interacts with receptors for additional signals in bone differentiation. Important features of the osteoblast environment were established using recent tools including osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Osteoblasts deposit matrix protein, over 90% type I collagen, in lamellae with orientation alternating parallel or orthogonal to the main stress axis of the bone. Into this organic matrix, mineral is deposited as hydroxyapatite. Mineral matrix matures from amorphous to crystalline hydroxyapatite. This process includes at least two-phase changes of the calcium-phosphate mineral as well as intermediates involving tropocollagen fibrils to form the bone composite. Beginning with initiation of mineral deposition, there is uncertainty regarding cardinal processes, but the driving force is not merely exceeding the calcium-phosphate solubility product. It occurs behind a epithelial-like layer of osteoblasts, which generate phosphate and remove protons liberated during calcium-phosphate salt deposition. The forming bone matrix is discontinuous from the general extracellular fluid. Required adjustment of ionic concentrations and water removal from bone matrix are important details remaining to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir Riazanski
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Evan C Ray
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Zhang N, Jiang H, Bai Y, Lu X, Feng M, Guo Y, Zhang S, Luo Q, Wu H, Wang L. The molecular mechanism study of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts under high glucose conditions. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:385-394. [PMID: 31140646 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nong Zhang
- Department of StomatologyShenzhen Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, a CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, China B college of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mi Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, a CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, China B college of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
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27
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Bailey RL, Sahni S, Chocano-Bedoya P, Daly RM, Welch AA, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Weaver CM. Best Practices for Conducting Observational Research to Assess the Relation between Nutrition and Bone: An International Working Group Summary. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:391-409. [PMID: 30926984 PMCID: PMC6520043 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that can affect bone strength and integrity, and the risk of fractures. Currently, a hierarchy of scientific evidence contributes to our understanding of the role of diet on bone health and fracture risk. The strength of evidence is generally based on the type of study conducted, the quality of the methodology employed, the rigor and integrity of the data collected and analysis plan, and the transparency and completeness of the results. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered to be the gold standard from a clinical research paradigm, but there is a dearth of high-quality diet-related intervention trials with bone as the primary outcome, forcing the use of observational research to inform research and clinical practices. However, for observational research to be of the most utility, standardization and optimization of the study design, accurate and reliable measurement of key variables, and appropriate data analysis and data reporting are paramount. Although there have been recommendations made in relation to RCTs in the field of nutrition, no clear rubric exists for best practices in conducting observational research with regard to nutrition and bone health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the best practices and considerations for designing, conducting, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting observational research specifically for understanding the role of nutrition in bone health, amassed by a global panel of scientific experts with strengths in bone, nutrition epidemiology, physical activity, public health, clinical and translational trials, and observational study methods. The global panel of scientific experts represents the leadership and selected participants from the 10th annual International Symposium for the Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. The topics selected and best practices presented reflect expert opinion and areas of scientific expertise of the authors rather than a systematic or comprehensive literature review or professional reporting guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,Address correspondence to RLB (e-mail: )
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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28
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Yuan J, Tickner J, Mullin BH, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Morahan G, Xu J. Advanced Genetic Approaches in Discovery and Characterization of Genes Involved With Osteoporosis in Mouse and Human. Front Genet 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31001327 PMCID: PMC6455049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex condition with contributions from, and interactions between, multiple genetic loci and environmental factors. This review summarizes key advances in the application of genetic approaches for the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes. Genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLA) is the classical approach for identification of genes that cause monogenic diseases; however, it has shown limited success for complex diseases like osteoporosis. In contrast, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified over 200 osteoporosis susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance, and have provided most of the candidate genes identified to date. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) apply a phenotype-to-genotype approach which can be used to complement GWAS. PheWAS is capable of characterizing the association between osteoporosis and uncommon and rare genetic variants. Another alternative approach, whole genome sequencing (WGS), will enable the discovery of uncommon and rare genetic variants in osteoporosis. Meta-analysis with increasing statistical power can offer greater confidence in gene searching through the analysis of combined results across genetic studies. Recently, new approaches to gene discovery include animal phenotype based models such as the Collaborative Cross and ENU mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis and genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs and ZNFs have been used in functional analysis of candidate genes in vitro and in vivo. These resources are revolutionizing the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes through the use of genetically defined inbred mouse libraries, which are screened for bone phenotypes that are then correlated with known genetic variation. Identification of osteoporosis-related susceptibility genes by genetic approaches enables further characterization of gene function in animal models, with the ultimate aim being the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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29
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Wang H, Liu Y, Liu HC, Han D, Feng HL. [Detection and functional analysis of BMP2 gene mutation in patients with tooth agenesis]. JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2019; 51:9-15. [PMID: 30773537 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for BMP2 mutation with functional impact in patients with congenital tooth agenesis and to make oral and skeletal phenotype record and functional analysis with in vitro experiments. METHODS We enrolled eighteen patients with congenital tooth agenesis. The medical and dental history was collected,and clinical and dental examinations including the X-ray examination of oral-facial and skeletal bone were performed for the phenotypic analysis. Blood samples were collected to extract DNA and whole exome sequencing was conducted. The genes involved in oral-facial development and congenital skeletal diseases were investigated for mutation screening. The mutations with functional impact were then investigated. In one patient, the BMP2 mutation with putative functional impact was selected for functional analysis. Wild type and mutant BMP2 plasmids with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. Subcellular protein distribution was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope. The activation of downstream SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation by BMP2 was detected by Western blotting to investigate the functional impact and genetic pathogenicity. RESULTS BMP2 mutation NM_001200.3:c.393A>T (p.Arg131Ser), rs140417301 was detected in one patient with congenital tooth agenesis, while for other genes involved in oral-facial development and congenital skeletal diseases, no functionally significant mutation was found. The proband's parents didn't carry this mutation. The father had normal dentition, while the mother lacked one premolar, and both the parents showed normal palate and maxilla. The patient also had maxillary hypoplasia in both sagittal and coronal planes, palatal dysmorphology, and malocclusion, and was diagonsed with osteopenia after the X-ray examnination of his skeletal bone. Functional analysis showed this mutation had normal subcelluar localization but reduced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9 (reduction by 32%, 22%, and 27% in three independent replicates). Taken together with family co-segregation, this mutaion was considered as "likely pathogenic". CONCLUSION BMP2 mutation c.393A>T (p. Arg131Ser) affects bone morphogenetic protein signaling activity, and may affect the number of teeth, growth of maxilla and palate, and bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H C Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - D Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H L Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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30
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31
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Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Hennis PJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Day SH, Stebbings GK. The interactions of physical activity, exercise and genetics and their associations with bone mineral density: implications for injury risk in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:29-47. [PMID: 30377780 PMCID: PMC6342881 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite sporting environment. BMD is a highly multi-factorial phenotype influenced by diet, hormonal characteristics and physical activity. The interrelationships between such factors, and a strong genetic component, suggested to be around 50-85% at various anatomical sites, determine skeletal health throughout life. Genome-wide association studies and case-control designs have revealed many loci associated with variation in BMD. However, a number of the candidate genes identified at these loci have no known associated biological function or have yet to be replicated in subsequent investigations. Furthermore, few investigations have considered gene-environment interactions-in particular, whether specific genes may be sensitive to mechanical loading from physical activity and the outcome of such an interaction for BMD and potential injury risk. Therefore, this review considers the importance of physical activity on BMD, genetic associations with BMD and how subsequent investigation requires consideration of the interaction between these determinants. Future research using well-defined independent cohorts such as elite athletes, who experience much greater mechanical stress than most, to study such phenotypes, can provide a greater understanding of these factors as well as the biological underpinnings of such a physiologically "extreme" population. Subsequently, modification of training, exercise or rehabilitation programmes based on genetic characteristics could have substantial implications in both the sporting and public health domains once the fundamental research has been conducted successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
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32
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Mechanoactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways in health and disease. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:701-712. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces play an important role in regulating tissue development and homeostasis in multiple cell types including bone, joint, epithelial and vascular cells, and are also implicated in the development of diseases, e.g. osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Defining the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical forces therefore has important implications for our understanding of tissue function in health and disease and may lead to the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention. Mechanoactivation of the Wnt signalling pathway was first identified in osteoblasts with a key role for β-catenin demonstrated in loading-induced osteogenesis. Since then, mechanoregulation of the Wnt pathway has also been observed in stem cells, epithelium, chondrocytes and vascular and lymphatic endothelium. Wnt can signal through both canonical and non-canonical pathways, and evidence suggests that both can mediate responses to mechanical strain, stretch and shear stress. This review will discuss our current understanding of the activation of the Wnt pathway in response to mechanical forces.
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33
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Cynoglossus semilaevis Rspo3 Regulates Embryo Development by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071915. [PMID: 29966290 PMCID: PMC6073468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynoglossus semilaevis is an important economic fish species and has long been cultivated in China. Since the completion of its genome and transcriptome sequencing, genes relating to C. semilaevis development have been extensively studied. R-spondin 3 (Rspo3) is a member of the R-spondin family. It plays an important role in biological processes such as vascular development and oncogenesis. In this study, we cloned and characterized the expression patterns and functions of C. semilaevisRspo3. Initial structural and phylogenetic analyses revealed a unique FU3 domain that exists only in ray-finned fish RSPO3. Subsequent embryonic expression profile analysis showed elevating expression of Rspo3 from gastrulation to the formation of the eye lens, while, in tail bud embryos, Rspo3 expression was significantly high in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The overexpression of C. semilaevis Rspo3 in Danio rerio embryos resulted in a shortened rostral–caudal axis, edema of the pericardial cavity, stubby yolk extension, and ecchymosis. Vascular anomalies were also observed, which is consistent with Rspo3 role in vascular development. Drug treatment and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the inhibitory role of C. semilaevis Rspo3 in D. rerio Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We further concluded that the FU2, FU3, and TSP1 domains regulate the maternal Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while the FU1 domain regulates the zygotic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study enriches Rspo3 research in non-model animals and serves as the basis for further research into the interactions between Rspo and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Zhu XB, Lin WJ, Lv C, Wang L, Huang ZX, Yang SW, Chen X. MicroRNA-539 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and osteoclast apoptosis through the AXNA-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporotic rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8346-8358. [PMID: 29893431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of miR-539 on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and osteoclast apoptosis in a rat model of osteoporosis, and its mechanism involving the regulation of the AXIN1-mediated wingless-Int (Wnt) signaling pathway. A rat model of osteoporosis was successfully established by ovariectomy. With osteoblasts and osteoclasts of rats not receiving ovariectomy in the sham group as control, those of osteoporotic rats were treated with miR-539 inhibitor, miR-539 mimic, and AXIN1 shRNA. The expression of miR-53, AXIN1, the Wnt pathway related-genes, apoptosis related-genes, and osteogenic markers were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in osteoblast and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts were determined after cell transfection. Osteoblast and osteoclast viability was assayed by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected by flow cytometry. Lastly, alizarin red S staining was used to detect mineralized nodules of osteoblasts. Firstly, we determined that miR-539 was down-regulated in osteoblast and osteoclast of osteoporotic rats and AXIN1 was negatively regulated by miR-539. Additionally, overexpression of miR-539 increased the expressions of β-catenin, LEF1, c-myc, cyclin D1, RUNX2, BGP, BMP-2 in osteoblast as well as β-catenin, RhoA, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 in osteoclasts. Finally, overexpression of miR-539 elevated ALP activity, proliferation, and mineralized nodules in osteoblast and osteoclast apoptosis, with reduced TRAP activity in osteoclasts. Our results demonstrate that miR-539 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation as well as osteoclast apoptosis through the AXIN1-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Bai Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Wang X, Salimi S, Deng Z, Perry J, Ryan KA, Li Z, Liu D, Streeten E, Shuldiner AR, Fu M. Evaluation of WISP1 as a candidate gene for bone mineral density in the Old Order Amish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7141. [PMID: 29739999 PMCID: PMC5940677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1) is a novel target of the Wnt pathway for modulating osteogenesis and improving bone strength. However, it is not clear if genetic variants in the WISP1 region are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in human. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of genetic variation in WISP1 gene as a determinant of BMD in 1,510 Old Order Amish (OOA). We performed regional association analysis of 58 tag variants within 5 kb upstream and downstream to WISP1 with BMD and found 5 variants that were associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites (P values from 2.89 × 10−6 to 1.62 × 10−2), with some significant associations even after adjustment for multiple comparisons. To replicate these results in an independent dataset, we performed a look-up of BMD associations with these variants in European ancestry subjects from the large GEFOS Consortium and observed the nominal associations of two of these variants with BMD (P values: 0.031 to 0.048). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that genetic variants surrounding WISP1 are associated with BMD at multiple skeletal sites in the OOA, thus influencing osteoporosis risk. These results support a role for the WISP1 gene on influencing variation in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - James Perry
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhizhen Li
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- The Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mao Fu
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Jin X, Zhou B, Zhang D. Replication Study Confirms the Association of the Common rs1800629 Variant of the TNFα Gene with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Susceptibility in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:246-251. [PMID: 29481288 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Jin
- Department of Nursing, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baozhen Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dangfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Albanese
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca Barratt
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Grigorie D, Lerner U. THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF THE WNT SYSTEM IN BONE REMODELLING. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:90-101. [PMID: 31149241 PMCID: PMC6516605 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of bone mass is critically dependent on the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, processes in which osteocytes play also an important role. The activities of these bone cells are regulated by a variety of endocrine and paracrine factors of which sex steroids, parathyroid hormone, 1.25(OH)2-vitamin D3, glucocorticoids, retinoids and thyroid hormones are the most well known systemic factors. To the long list of locally acting factors belong cytokines and growth factors. This list was extended some 15 years ago by the discovery of the very important role of the WNT signalling system for the maintenance of bone mass. The first evidence of its role was the findings that mutations in the LRP5 gene, encoding a co-receptor in WNT-signaling, could result in either gain or loss of bone mass, i.e. either high bone mass or osteoporosis. This was a most unexpected observation since no indications existed prior to this discovery that the WNT signalling system had a role in bone remodeling. Since then, many observations have been made demonstrating the important role of different WNTs in regulating bone formation and resorption. Interestingly, some of these findings have demonstrated that trabecular and cortical bone are regulated by different mechanisms. It is the aim of the present overview to give the readers an insight into the WNT signalling system and its role in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Grigorie
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - U.H. Lerner
- Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg - Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Association of lactase 13910 C/T polymorphism with bone mineral density and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. J Genet 2017; 96:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Genetic association study identified a 20 kb regulatory element in WLS associated with osteoporosis and bone mineral density in Han Chinese. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13668. [PMID: 29057911 PMCID: PMC5651806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have linked the WNT pathway and human skeleton formation; therefore, genes related to WNT might contribute to the onset and development of osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the potential genetic association of WLS, which encodes an important mediator in the WNT pathway, with osteoporosis and its related quantitative traits in a sample of 6,620 individuals from Han Chinese population. A two-stage approach, with a discovery stage with 859 cases and 1,690 controls and a validation stage with 1,039 cases and 3,032 controls, was applied in the study. Forty SNPs were genotyped in the discovery stage. The intronic SNP rs2566752 was identified to be significantly associated with osteoporosis (ORdiscovery = 0.78, Pdiscovery = 3.73 × 10−5; ORvalidation = 0.80, Pvalidation = 1.96 × 10−5). Two SNPs surrounding rs2566752 (in addition to this SNP itself) were identified to be associated with bone mineral density. In addition, we have identified a 20 kb peak region of H3K27Ac histone mark enrichment between rs2772304 and rs2566752. Our study suggested that WLS is an important locus for osteoporosis and its related quantitative phenotypes in Han Chinese population. Additional sequencing-based studies are needed to investigate the genetic architecture of this regulatory region and its relationship with osteoporosis-related phenotypes.
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Panach L, Serna E, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. A translational approach from an animal model identifies CD80 as a candidate gene for the study of bone phenotypes in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2445-2455. [PMID: 28466138 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study represented a translational study that first compared gene expression of B cells of BM from ovariectomized and control mice, and then analyzed some of the differentially expressed genes in women. Results showed novel genetic associations with bone phenotypes and points to the CD80 gene as relevant in postmenopausal bone loss. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. However, to date, research into osteoporosis has only been able to explain a small part of its heritability. Moreover, several components of the immune system are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. Among them, B cells occupy a prominent place. METHODS The study consisted of two stages. In the first, gene expression in bone marrow B cells is compared between ovariectomized and SHAM control mice using microarrays. In the second, we studied the association of polymorphisms in some differentially expressed genes (DEG) in a cohort of postmenopausal women. RESULTS The present study has found 2791 DEG (false discovery rate (FDR) <5%), of which 1569 genes were upregulated (56.2%) and 1122 genes (43.8%) were downregulated. Among the most altered pathways were inflammation, interleukin signaling, B cell activation, TGF-beta signaling, oxidative stress response, and Wnt-signaling. Sixteen DEG were validated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or qPCR. The translational stage of the study genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DEG or related and detected association with bone mineral density (BMD) (nominal P values), while adjusting for confounders, for SNPs in the CD80, CD86, and HDAC5 genes. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, in addition to the SNPs in the aforementioned genes, the SNPs in the MMP9 and SOX4 genes were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Finally, two SNPs (in the CD80 and SOX6 genes) were associated with an increased risk of bone fragility fracture (FF). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, only the association between CD80 with BMD and risk of osteoporosis remained significant. CONCLUSION These results show that the use of animal models is an appropriate method for identifying genes associated with human bone phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Panach
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Serna
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Á García-Pérez
- Research Unit - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 4 accesorio, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
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Zhao F, Gao LH, Li SS, Wei ZY, Fu WZ, He JW, Liu YJ, Hu YQ, Dong J, Zhang ZL. Association between SNPs and haplotypes in the METTL21C gene and peak bone mineral density and body composition in Chinese male nuclear families. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:437-447. [PMID: 27628047 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The methyltransferase-like 21C gene (METTL21C), which is mainly expressed in muscle, can promote the differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes and reduce glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteocytes. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of METTL21C and peak bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index, total fat mass (TFM), and total lean mass (TLM) in Chinese young men. Fifteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, and haplotype blocks were derived in 400 Chinese male nuclear families. The peak BMD of the lumbar and hip, TFM, and TLM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association analyses were performed by a quantitative transmission disequilibrium test. Both TLM and TFM had a significant positive effect on peak BMD, but the positive regulation of TLM was stronger than that of TFM. After 1000 permutations, significant within-family associations were found between rs9585961 and lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD, rs9518810 and femoral neck BMD, and rs599976 and body mass index, TFM, and percentage fat mass (all P < 0.05). The association analyses with haplotypes showed that haplotype AG in block 1 was significantly associated with TFM (P = 0.031) and haplotype CAG in block 2 was significantly associated with lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.020). Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that the polymorphisms and haplotypes of METTL21C contribute to the peak BMD and TFM in Chinese males, which suggests that as a quantitative trait locus with potential pleiotropy it may have an influence on osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li-Hong Gao
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Wei
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Fu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jin-Wei He
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu-Juan Liu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Hu
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Division of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Greenbaum J, Wu K, Zhang L, Shen H, Zhang J, Deng HW. Increased detection of genetic loci associated with risk predictors of osteoporotic fracture using a pleiotropic cFDR method. Bone 2017; 99:62-68. [PMID: 28373146 PMCID: PMC5488332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although GWAS have been successful in identifying some osteoporosis associated loci, the findings explain only a small fraction of the total genetic variance. In this study we use a recently developed novel pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method to identify novel genetic loci associated with two risk traits for osteoporotic fracture (the clinical outcome and end result of osteoporosis), Height (HT) and Femoral Neck (FNK) BMD. The cFDR method allows us to improve the detection of associated variants by incorporating any potentially shared genetic mechanisms between the two associated traits. We analyzed the summary statistics from two GWAS meta-analyses for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with HT and FNK BMD. Using the cFDR method, we show enrichment in the identification of SNPs associated with each trait conditioned on their strength of association with the second trait. The findings revealed 18 SNPs that are associated with both HT and FNK BMD, 4 of which had not previously been reported to play a role in bone health. The novel SNPs located at KIF1B and the intergenic region between FERD3L and TWISTNB are noteworthy as these genes may be associated with processes that are functionally important in bone metabolism. By leveraging GWAS results from related phenotypes we identified several novel loci that may contribute to the proportion of variability explained for each trait, although we cannot speculate about these potential contributions to heritability based on this analysis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenbaum
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kehao Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jigang Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Hendrickx G, Boudin E, Steenackers E, Nielsen TL, Andersen M, Brixen K, Van Hul W. Genetic Screening of WNT4 and WNT5B in Two Populations with Deviating Bone Mineral Densities. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:244-249. [PMID: 28078366 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A role for WNT4 and WNT5B in bone metabolism was indicated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a Wnt4 knockout mouse model. The aim of this study was therefore to replicate and further investigate the causality between genetic variation in WNT4 and WNT5B and deviating bone mineral density (BMD) values. A WNT4 and WNT5B mutation screening was performed in patients with craniotubular hyperostosis using Sanger sequencing. Here, no putative causal mutations were detected. Moreover, a high and low BMD cohort was selected from the Odense Androgen Study population for re-sequencing. In WNT4 we detected four variants (three rare, one common), while in WNT5B we detected five variants (two rare, three common). For the common variants, no significant difference in genotype frequencies between the high and low BMD cohorts was observed. The SNPs associated with the GWAS were genotyped in these cohorts, but again no significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed. Despite the findings of the GWAS, we were not able to replicate or further verify the genetic association of polymorphisms in WNT4 and WNT5B with BMD. In order to do so, the intronic regions of both genes could be investigated more thoroughly in more extended populations (or extremes) with greater power. Future genetic and functional studies toward adjacent genes of WNT4 and WNT5B can also be interesting to figure out whether the signal from GWAS could possibly be attributed to genetic variation in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretl Hendrickx
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Steenackers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Torben Leo Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Brixen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
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Hsu YH, Li G, Liu CT, Brody JA, Karasik D, Chou WC, Demissie S, Nandakumar K, Zhou Y, Cheng CH, Gill R, Gibbs RA, Muzny D, Santibanez J, Estrada K, Rivadeneira F, Harris T, Gudnason V, Uitterlinden A, Psaty BM, Robbins JA, Adrienne Cupples L, Kiel DP. Targeted sequencing of genome wide significant loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD) reveals significant novel and rare variants: the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) targeted sequencing study. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5234-5243. [PMID: 27616567 PMCID: PMC5837042 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable phenotype that predicts fracture risk. We performed fine-mapping by targeted sequencing at WLS, MEF2C, ARHGAP1/F2 and JAG1 loci prioritized by eQTL and bioinformatic approaches among 56 BMD loci from our previous GWAS meta-analysis. Targeted sequencing was conducted in 1,291 Caucasians from the Framingham Heart Study ( n = 925) and Cardiovascular Health Study ( n = 366), including 206 women and men with extreme low femoral neck (FN) BMD. A total of 4,964 sequence variants (SNVs) were observed and 80% were rare with MAF <1%. The associations between previously identified SNPs in these loci and BMD, while nominally significant in sequenced participants, were no longer significant after multiple testing corrections. Conditional analyses did not find protein-coding variants that may be responsible for GWAS signals. On the other hand, in the sequenced subjects, we identified novel associations in WLS , ARHGAP1 , and 5' of MEF2C ( P- values < 8x10 - 5 ; false discovery rate (FDR) q-values < 0.01) that were much more strongly associated with BMD compared to the GWAS SNPs. These associated SNVs are less-common; independent from previous GWAS signals in the same loci; and located in gene regulatory elements. Our findings suggest that protein-coding variants in selected GWAS loci did not contribute to GWAS signals. By performing targeted sequencing in GWAS loci, we identified less-common and rare non-coding SNVs associated with BMD independently from GWAS common SNPs, suggesting both common and less-common variants may associate with disease risks and phenotypes in the same loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Kannabiran Nandakumar
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ho Cheng
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Richard Gill
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Jireh Santibanez
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Harris
- National Instute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,
USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland and Faculty of Medicine,
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology,
and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Group Health Research Institute,
Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A. Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA,
USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health,
Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- The Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife and the Department of
Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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46
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How rare bone diseases have informed our knowledge of complex diseases. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:839. [PMID: 27688878 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare bone diseases, generally defined as monogenic traits with either autosomal recessive or dominant patterns of inheritance, have provided a rich database of genes and associated pathways over the past 2-3 decades. The molecular genetic dissection of these bone diseases has yielded some major surprises in terms of the causal genes and/or involved pathways. The discovery of genes/pathways involved in diseases such as osteopetrosis, osteosclerosis, osteogenesis imperfecta and many other rare bone diseases have all accelerated our understanding of complex traits. Importantly these discoveries have provided either direct validation for a specific gene embedded in a group of genes within an interval identified through a complex trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) or based upon the pathway associated with a monogenic trait gene, provided a means to prioritize a large number of genes for functional validation studies. In some instances GWAS studies have yielded candidate genes that fall within linkage intervals associated with monogenic traits and resulted in the identification of causal mutations in those rare diseases. Driving all of this discovery is a complement of technologies such as genome sequencing, bioinformatics and advanced statistical analysis methods that have accelerated genetic dissection and greatly reduced the cost. Thus, rare bone disorders in partnership with GWAS have brought us to the brink of a new era of personalized genomic medicine in which the prevention and management of complex diseases will be driven by the molecular understanding of each individuals contributing genetic risks for disease.
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47
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Marini F, Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bone Biology and Osteoporosis: Can They Drive Therapeutic Choices? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081329. [PMID: 27529237 PMCID: PMC5000726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial disorder of the skeleton. Genetic factors are important in determining peak bone mass and structure, as well as the predisposition to bone deterioration and fragility fractures. Nonetheless, genetic factors alone are not sufficient to explain osteoporosis development and fragility fracture occurrence. Indeed, epigenetic factors, representing a link between individual genetic aspects and environmental influences, are also strongly suspected to be involved in bone biology and osteoporosis. Recently, alterations in epigenetic mechanisms and their activity have been associated with aging. Also, bone metabolism has been demonstrated to be under the control of epigenetic mechanisms. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), the master transcription factor of osteoblast differentiation, has been shown to be regulated by histone deacetylases and microRNAs (miRNAs). Some miRNAs were also proven to have key roles in the regulation of Wnt signalling in osteoblastogenesis, and to be important for the positive or negative regulation of both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Exogenous and environmental stimuli, influencing the functionality of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, may contribute to the development of osteoporosis and other bone disorders, in synergy with genetic determinants. The progressive understanding of roles of epigenetic mechanisms in normal bone metabolism and in multifactorial bone disorders will be very helpful for a better comprehension of disease pathogenesis and translation of this information into clinical practice. A deep understanding of these mechanisms could help in the future tailoring of proper individual treatments, according to precision medicine's principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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48
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Adams DJ, Rowe DW, Ackert-Bicknell CL. Genetics of aging bone. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:367-80. [PMID: 27272104 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the skeleton experiences a number of changes, which include reductions in mass and changes in matrix composition, leading to fragility and ultimately an increase of fracture risk. A number of aspects of bone physiology are controlled by genetic factors, including peak bone mass, bone shape, and composition; however, forward genetic studies in humans have largely concentrated on clinically available measures such as bone mineral density (BMD). Forward genetic studies in rodents have also heavily focused on BMD; however, investigations of direct measures of bone strength, size, and shape have also been conducted. Overwhelmingly, these studies of the genetics of bone strength have identified loci that modulate strength via influencing bone size, and may not impact the matrix material properties of bone. Many of the rodent forward genetic studies lacked sufficient mapping resolution for candidate gene identification; however, newer studies using genetic mapping populations such as Advanced Intercrosses and the Collaborative Cross appear to have overcome this issue and show promise for future studies. The majority of the genetic mapping studies conducted to date have focused on younger animals and thus an understanding of the genetic control of age-related bone loss represents a key gap in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - David W Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA.
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49
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Duan P, Bonewald LF. The role of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in formation and maintenance of bone and teeth. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:23-29. [PMID: 27210503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is known as one of the important molecular cascades that regulate cell fate throughout lifespan. The Wnt signaling pathway is further separated into the canonical signaling pathway that depends on the function of β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin pathway) and the noncanonical pathways that operate independently of β-catenin (planar cell polarity pathway and Wnt/Ca(2+) pathway). The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is complex and consists of numerous receptors, inhibitors, activators, modulators, phosphatases, kinases and other components. However, there is one central, critical molecule to this pathway, β-catenin. While there are at least 3 receptors, LRP 4, 5 and 6, and over twenty activators known as the wnts, and several inhibitors such as sclerostin, dickkopf and secreted frizzled-related protein, these all target β-catenin. These regulators/modulators function to target β-catenin either to the proteasome for degradation or to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Therefore, the interaction of β-catenin with different factors and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway will be the subject of this review with a focus on how this pathway relates to and functions in the formation and maintenance of bone and teeth based on mainly basic and pre-clinical research. Also in this review, the role of this pathway in osteocytes, bone cells embedded in the mineralized matrix, is covered in depth. This pathway is not only important in mineralized tissue growth and development, but for modulation of the skeleton in response to loading and unloading and the viability and health of the adult and aging skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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50
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Ferlin A, De Toni L, Sandri M, Foresta C. Relaxin and insulin-like peptide 3 in the musculoskeletal system: from bench to bedside. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1015-1024. [PMID: 27059798 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bones form a joined functional unit sharing a complex mechanical, biochemical and hormonal crosstalk. A number of factors, including sex hormones, physiologically regulate the musculoskeletal system. Striking gender differences in muscle and bone mass, and function are mainly caused by distinct actions exerted by oestrogens and androgens. However, relaxin and relaxin-related peptides, such as insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), might contribute to these sex-associated differences in physiological and pathological conditions (such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia). Relaxin is a 'pregnancy' hormone, but it is also produced from the prostate gland, and has recently attracted attention as a potential drug for cardiovascular disorders and fibrosis. In contrast, INSL3 is a male-specific hormone produced by the Leydig cells of the testis with a fundamental role in testicular descent during fetal life. Recent evidence suggests that both hormones have interesting roles in the musculoskeletal system. Relaxin and INSL3, by finely tuning bone formation and resorption, are involved in bone remodelling processes, and relaxin contributes to the healing of injured ligaments and promotes skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects of relaxin and INSL3 on skeletal muscle and the cell components of bone. In the light of the experimental evidence available and animal models, their clinical implications are also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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