1
|
Rizk J, Sahu R, Duteil D. An overview on androgen-mediated actions in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Steroids 2023; 199:109306. [PMID: 37634653 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are a class of steroid hormones primarily associated with male sexual development and physiology, but exert pleiotropic effects in either sex. They have a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis. The effects of androgens are mainly mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor expressed in both tissues. In skeletal muscle, androgens via AR exert a multitude of effects, ranging from increased muscle mass and strength, to the regulation of muscle fiber type composition, contraction and metabolic functions. In adipose tissue, androgens influence several processes including proliferation, fat distribution, and metabolism but they display depot-specific and organism-specific effects which differ in certain context. This review further explores the potential mechanisms underlying androgen-AR signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Understanding the roles of androgens and their receptor in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is essential for elucidating their contributions to physiological processes, disease conditions, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rizk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Duteil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Düzçeker Y, Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan M, Akgül S, Özgül RK, Kanbur N, Derman O. Investigation of androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length polymorphism in pubertal gynecomastia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:349-354. [PMID: 34954930 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat, AR (CAG)n, polymorphism is thought to have an effect on male reproductive functions and a relationship between long AR (CAG)n and decreased androgenic activity has been shown. Therefore, we hypothesized that in adolescents with long AR CAG repeat the prevalence of pubertal gynecomastia (PG) will be higher and we aimed to investigate the association between AR (CAG)n polymorphism and PG in Turkish adolescents. METHODS Adolescents with PG between 11 and 19 years of age were enrolled as the study group and healthy individuals without a history of PG, who were at least 14 years of age and Tanner 4 or 5 were enrolled as the control group. The AR (CAG)n length was detected by direct DNA sequencing analysis and reproductive hormones were measured by standardized analyses. RESULTS The mean AR (CAG)n was 22.3 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) in the PG group (n=101) and 21.9 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD) in the control group (n=88) (p=0.276). The adolescents with short AR (CAG)n had lower body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) compared to the adolescents with intermediate and long repeat numbers (p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed a lack of direct association between AR (CAG)n and PG. However, the significant relationship between the AR (CAG)n quartiles and BMI SDS suggests that long AR (CAG)n might cause PG indirectly. Further studies are needed to better clarify this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Düzçeker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Derman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albrethsen J, Ljubicic ML, Juul A. Longitudinal Increases in Serum Insulin-like Factor 3 and Testosterone Determined by LC-MS/MS in Pubertal Danish Boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5882032. [PMID: 32761207 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum concentrations of the peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a candidate marker for improved distinction between constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) and permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in boys. AIM To assess the possible diagnostic role of LC-MS/MS-based INSL3 measurements as a marker of imminent puberty by comparison with testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in serum longitudinally collected from 18 healthy boys throughout puberty. RESULTS The first increase in serum LH was detected on average 4 months earlier, as compared with the first observed increases in INSL3 and T. When comparing the 2 testicular hormones only, we found that in 22% (4 of 18) of the boys the first increase in serum INSL3 was observed prior to the first observed increase in T, whereas in 44% (8 of 18) the first increase in T was observed before the first observed increase in INSL3. In the remaining 6 boys, the 2 testicular hormones showed the first increase at the same examination. CONCLUSION In some boys with delayed puberty, the first indication of testicular maturation may be detectable by observing serum INSL3. Further studies of LC-MS/MS determination of serum INSL3 in patients with CDGP and HH are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Warner GR, Mourikes VE, Neff AM, Brehm E, Flaws JA. Mechanisms of action of agrochemicals acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110680. [PMID: 31838026 PMCID: PMC6942667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals represent a significant class of endocrine disrupting chemicals that humans and animals around the world are exposed to constantly. Agrochemicals can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals through a variety of mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that several mechanisms of action involve the ability of agrochemicals to mimic the interaction of endogenous hormones with nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and thyroid hormone receptors. Further, studies indicate that agrochemicals can exert toxicity through non-nuclear receptor-mediated mechanisms of action. Such non-genomic mechanisms of action include interference with peptide, steroid, or amino acid hormone response, synthesis and degradation as well as epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications). This review summarizes the major mechanisms of action by which agrochemicals target the endocrine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Vasiliki E Mourikes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Alison M Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61802, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lundberg Giwercman Y. Androgen Receptor Genotype in Humans and Susceptibility to Endocrine Disruptors. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:264-270. [PMID: 26829394 DOI: 10.1159/000443686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although animal studies have raised concern that the influence of endocrine-disrupting compounds would obstruct the development of the male reproductive system, in general, exposure levels far above those found in humans have been needed to induce reproductive toxicity in animal models. Human data are inconclusive and have evoked the question whether endocrine-disrupting compounds can have any impact on hormonal function and thus health consequences when natural hormones are present. Indeed, many contaminants with hormone-like activity are much less potent than endogenous hormones themselves: 17β-oestradiol was, for instance, estimated to be 17,000 times more potent than o,p'-DDT. However, humans are exposed to a multitude of agents, and when present in sufficient number and concentration, they might in principle act collected on the actions of endogenous hormones. Whether such effects will be physiologically relevant is still not known. Nevertheless, in the worst-case scenario, there are no threshold levels below which there are no effects at all, and one target molecule is the androgen receptor. This mini review focuses on the androgen receptor gene, its link with classical endocrine disruptors and smoking, and how common genetic variants in the androgen receptor gene may influence physiological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JW, Bae YD, Ahn ST, Kim JW, Kim JJ, Moon DG. Positive Correlation between Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length and Metabolic Syndrome in a Korean Male Population. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:73-78. [PMID: 29299905 PMCID: PMC5756810 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Dae Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Tae Ahn
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Jong Kim
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du Geon Moon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang D, Tian J, Zhang X, Yu J, Li S, Wang Z, Ma Y, Liu L, Huang Q, Ma R, Wang J, Li X, Jiang M. The polymorphic CAG repeat in exon 1 of androgen receptor is associated with level of HDL cholesterol and hypertension in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:29-34. [PMID: 28295444 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The length of the CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been shown to be inversely correlated with AR transcriptional activity. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the length of CAG repeat in AR and serum lipids and hypertension in Chinese men. DESIGN AND PATIENTS The relationship between length of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of AR with prevalence of hypertension and the levels of serum lipids among Chinese men (aged ≥40 years). MEASUREMENTS The physical condition of the subjects was examined and recorded. The concentrations of blood lipids and sex hormones were measured, and the CAG repeat lengths of the AR gene were determined. RESULTS The length of the AR CAG repeats was associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, and the stepwise multiple regression model showed that this association was independent of body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), although these factors influence HDL-C concentration. Furthermore, men with <22 vs men with ≥22 CAG repeats showed higher blood pressure and higher prevalence of hypertension. Shorter CAG repeat numbers were associated with the increased risk of hypertension in a multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 0·715; 95% confidence interval, 0·517-0·989; P = 0·043). No significant correlation of AR CAG repeat polymorphism with sex hormone levels, TG, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) or TC was found. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that men carrying shorter (<22) AR CAG repeats have lower HDL-C level and increased risk of hypertension. The androgenic activity may differ due to the polymorphic length of CAG repeats of the AR gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinhai Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuya Li
- Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- Health Examination Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ryan CP, Georgiev AV, McDade TW, Gettler LT, Eisenberg DTA, Rzhetskaya M, Agustin SS, Hayes MG, Kuzawa CW. Androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat length (AR‐CAGn) modulates the effect of testosterone on androgen‐associated somatic traits in Filipino young adult men. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:317-327. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calen P. Ryan
- Department of AnthropologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
| | | | - Thomas W. McDade
- Department of AnthropologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
- Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
| | - Lee T. Gettler
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame Indiana
- The Eck Institute for Global HealthUniversity of Notre DameNotre Dame Indiana
| | - Dan T. A. Eisenberg
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography and EcologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington
| | - Margarita Rzhetskaya
- Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago Illinois
| | - Sonny S. Agustin
- USC‐Office of Population Studies FoundationUniversity of San CarlosCebu City Philippines
| | - M. Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of AnthropologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
- Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago Illinois
- Center for Genetic MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago Illinois
| | - Christopher W. Kuzawa
- Department of AnthropologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
- Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityEvanston Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bogefors K, Giwercman YL, Eberhard J, Stahl O, Cavallin-Stahl E, Cohn-Cedermark G, Arver S, Giwercman A. Androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat lengths as predictors of recovery of spermatogenesis following testicular germ cell cancer treatment. Asian J Androl 2016; 19:538-542. [PMID: 27873769 PMCID: PMC5566846 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.191126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor (AR). Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer (TC), and it is important to identify the factors influencing the timing of spermatogenesis recovery following cancer treatment. It is known that the CAG and GGN repeat numbers affect the activity of the AR; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate if the CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the AR gene predict recovery of sperm production after TC treatment. TC patients (n = 130) delivered ejaculates at the following time points: postorchiectomy and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months posttherapy (T0, T6, T12, T24, T36, and T60). The CAG lengths were categorized into three groups, <22 CAG, 22–23 CAG, and >23 CAG, and the GGN tracts were also categorized into three groups, <23 GGN, 23 GGN, and >23 GGN. At T12, men with 22–23 CAG presented with a statistically significantly (P = 0.045) lower sperm concentration than those with other CAG numbers (8.4 × 106 ml−1vs 16 × 106 ml−1; 95% CI: 1.01–2.65). This association was robust to omitting adjustment for treatment type and sperm concentration at T0 (P = 0.021; 3.7 × 106 ml−1vs 10 × 106 ml−1; 95% CI: 1.13–4.90). The same trends were observed for total sperm number. The least active AR variant seems to be associated with a more rapid recovery of spermatogenesis. This finding adds to our understanding of the biology of postcancer therapy recovery of fertility in males and has clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bogefors
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Stahl
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Stefan Arver
- Centre of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sung J, Song YM. Genetic effects on serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in men: a Korean twin and family study. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:786-90. [PMID: 26486061 PMCID: PMC5000805 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.164923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of genetics in determining the individual difference in total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels. Study participants comprised 730 Korean men consisting of 142 pairs of monozygotic twins, 191 pairs of siblings, and 259 father-offspring pairs from 270 families who participated in the Healthy Twin study. Serum concentration of total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone were calculated using Vermeulen's method. Quantitative genetic analysis based on a variance decomposition model showed that the heritability of total testosterone, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were 0.56, 0.45, 0.44, and 0.69, respectively after accounting for age and body mass index. Proportions of variance explained by age and body mass index varied across different traits, from 8% for total testosterone to 31% for sex hormone-binding globulin. Bivariate analysis showed a high degree of additive genetic correlation (ρG = 0.67) and a moderate degree of individual-specific environmental correlation (ρE = 0.42) between total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. The findings confirmed the important role of genetics in determining the individually different levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin during adulthood in Korean men as found in non-Asian populations, which may suggest that common biologic control for determining testosterone level directly or indirectly through binding protein are largely shared among different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
- Institute of Health Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center and Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Casarini L, Simoni M, Brigante G. Is polycystic ovary syndrome a sexual conflict? A review. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 32:350-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
12
|
Ponce-González JG, Rodríguez-Garcia L, Losa-Reyna J, Guadalupe-Grau A, Rodriguez-Gonzalez FG, Díaz-Chico BN, Dorado C, Serrano-Sanchez JA, Calbet JAL. Androgen receptor gene polymorphism influence fat accumulation: A longitudinal study from adolescence to adult age. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1313-1320. [PMID: 26634957 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine the influence of androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms on fat mass and maximal fat oxidation (MFO), CAG and GGN repeat lengths were measured in 128 young boys, from which longitudinal data were obtained in 45 of them [mean ± SD: 12.8 ± 3.6 years old at recruitment, and 27.0 ± 4.8 years old at adult age]. Subjects were grouped as CAG short (CAGS ) if harboring repeat lengths ≤ 21, the rest as CAG long (CAGL ); and GGN short (GGNS ) if GGN repeat lengths ≤ 23, or long if > 23 (GGNL ). CAGS and GGNS were associated with lower adiposity than CAGL or GGNL (P < 0.05). There was an association between the logarithm of CAG repeats polymorphism and the changes of body mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). At adult age, CAGS men showed lower accumulation of total body and trunk fat mass, and lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) and MFO per kg of total lean mass compared with CAGL (P < 0.05). GGNS men also showed lower percentage of body fat (P < 0.05). In summary, androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms are associated with RMR, MFO, fat mass, and its regional distribution in healthy male adolescents, influencing fat accumulation from adolescence to adult age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Ponce-González
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - L Rodríguez-Garcia
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Guadalupe-Grau
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F G Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute (ICIC), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - B N Díaz-Chico
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute (ICIC), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - C Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A Serrano-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. .,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Androgen receptor gene polymorphism in zebra species. Meta Gene 2015; 5:120-3. [PMID: 26236645 PMCID: PMC4501558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor genes (AR) have been found to have associations with reproductive development, behavioral traits, and disorders in humans. However, the influence of similar genetic effects on the behavior of other animals is scarce. We examined the loci AR glutamine repeat (ARQ) in 44 Grevy's zebras, 23 plains zebras, and three mountain zebras, and compared them with those of domesticated horses. We observed polymorphism among zebra species and between zebra and horse. As androgens such as testosterone influence aggressiveness, AR polymorphism among equid species may be associated with differences in levels of aggression and tameness. Our findings indicate that it would be useful to conduct further studies focusing on the potential association between AR and personality traits, and to understand domestication of equid species.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tirabassi G, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, delli Muti N, Furlani G, Gallo M, Pallotti F, Paoli D, Giorgino F, Lombardo F, Gandini L, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Influence of CAG Repeat Polymorphism on the Targets of Testosterone Action. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:298107. [PMID: 26421011 PMCID: PMC4572434 DOI: 10.1155/2015/298107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, ample evidence has demonstrated the growing importance of androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat polymorphism in andrology. This genetic parameter is able to condition the peripheral effects of testosterone and therefore to influence male sexual function and fertility, cardiovascular risk, body composition, bone metabolism, the risk of prostate and testicular cancer, the psychiatric status, and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we extensively discuss the literature data and identify a role for AR CAG repeat polymorphism in conditioning the systemic testosterone effects. In particular, our main purpose was to provide an updated text able to shed light on the many and often contradictory findings reporting an influence of CAG repeat polymorphism on the targets of testosterone action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola delli Muti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Furlani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Gallo
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotti
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Paoli
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lombardo
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Gandini
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- *Giancarlo Balercia:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
No effects of androgen receptor gene CAG and GGC repeat polymorphisms on digit ratio (2D:4D): a comprehensive meta-analysis and critical evaluation of research. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|