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London E, Stratakis CA. The regulation of PKA signaling in obesity and in the maintenance of metabolic health. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108113. [PMID: 35051439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that bind G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to modulate cAMP levels. Through its control of synaptic events, exocytosis, transcriptional regulation, and more, PKA signaling regulates cellular metabolism and emotional and stress responses making it integral in the maintenance and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Neural PKA signaling is regulated by afferent and peripheral efferent signals that link specific neural cell populations to the regulation of metabolic processes in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, adrenal, skeletal muscle, and gut. Mouse models have provided invaluable information on the roles for PKA subunits in brain and key metabolic organs. While limited, human studies infer differential regulation of the PKA system in obese compared to lean individuals. Variants identified in PKA subunit genes cause Cushing syndrome that is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Under healthy physiologic conditions, the PKA system is exquisitely regulated by stimuli that activate GPCRs to alter intracellular cAMP concentrations, and by PKA cellular localization and holoenzyme stability. Adenylate cyclase activity generates cAMP while phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP decreases cAMP levels downstream of GPCRs. Chronic perturbations in PKA signaling appear to be capable of resetting PKA regulation at several levels; in addition, sex differences in PKA signaling regulation, while not well understood, impact the physiologic consequences of metabolic dysregulation and obesity. This review explores the roles for PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities through neural-peripheral crosstalk and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway targets that hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, IMBB, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Greece; Research Institute, ELPEN, SA, Athens, Greece
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Ginete C, Serrasqueiro B, Silva-Nunes J, Veiga L, Brito M. Identification of Genetic Variants in 65 Obesity Related Genes in a Cohort of Portuguese Obese Individuals. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:603. [PMID: 33921825 PMCID: PMC8073382 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, which has a strong genetic component that interplays with environmental factors. Several genes are known to be implicated in the regulation of body weight. The identification of alleles that can be associated with obesity is a key element to control this pandemic. On the basis of a Portuguese population, 65 obesity-related genes are sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in 72 individuals with obesity, in order to identify variants associated with monogenic obesity and potential risk factors. A total of 429 variants are identified, 129 of which had already been associated with the phenotype. Comparing our results with the European and Global frequencies, from 1000 Genomes project, 23 potential risk variants are identified. Six new variants are discovered in heterozygous carriers: four missense (genes ALMS1-NM_015120.4:c.5552C>T; SORCS1-NM_001013031.2:c.1072A>G and NM_001013031.2: c.2491A>C; TMEM67-NM_153704.5:c.158A>G) and two synonymous (genes BBS1-NM_024649.4:c.1437C>T; TMEM67-NM_153704.5:c.2583T>C). Functional studies should be performed to validate these new findings and evaluate their penetrance and pathogenicity. Regardless of no cases of monogenic obesity being identified, this kind of investigational study is important when we are still trying to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of obesity. This will allow the identification of rare variants associated with obesity and the study of their prevalence in specific populational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ginete
- H&TRC Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (B.S.); (J.S.-N.); (L.V.)
| | - Bernardo Serrasqueiro
- H&TRC Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (B.S.); (J.S.-N.); (L.V.)
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- H&TRC Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (B.S.); (J.S.-N.); (L.V.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, New University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Veiga
- H&TRC Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (B.S.); (J.S.-N.); (L.V.)
| | - Miguel Brito
- H&TRC Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (B.S.); (J.S.-N.); (L.V.)
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Leal LF, Szarek E, Berthon A, Nesterova M, Faucz FR, London E, Mercier C, Abu-Asab M, Starost MF, Dye L, Bilinska B, Kotula-Balak M, Antonini SR, Stratakis CA. Pde8b haploinsufficiency in mice is associated with modest adrenal defects, impaired steroidogenesis, and male infertility, unaltered by concurrent PKA or Wnt activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111117. [PMID: 33338547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PDE8B, PRKAR1A and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are involved in endocrine disorders. However, how PDEB8B interacts with both Wnt and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in vivo remains unknown. We created a novel Pde8b knockout mouse line (Pde8b-/-); Pde8b haploinsufficient (Pde8b+/-) mice were then crossed with mice harboring: (1) constitutive beta-catenin activation (Pde8b+/-;ΔCat) and (2) Prkar1a haploinsufficieny (Pde8b+/-;Prkar1a+/-). Adrenals and testes from mice (3-12-mo) were evaluated in addition to plasma corticosterone, aldosterone and Dkk3 concentrations, and the examination of expression of steroidogenesis-, Wnt- and cAMP/PKA-related genes. Pde8b-/- male mice were infertile with down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway which did not change significantly in the Pde8b+/-;ΔCat mice. Prkar1a haploinsufficiency also did not change the phenotype significantly. In vitro studies showed that PDE8B knockdown upregulated the Wnt pathway and increased proliferation in CTNNB1-mutant cells, whereas it downregulated the Wnt pathway in PRKAR1A-mutant cells. These data support an overall weak, if any, role for PDE8B in adrenocortical tumorigenesis, even when co-altered with Wnt signaling or PKA upregulation; on the other hand, PDE8B appears to play a significant role in male fertility.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adrenal Glands/drug effects
- Adrenal Glands/pathology
- Adrenal Glands/physiopathology
- Aldosterone/blood
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Corticosterone/blood
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Haploinsufficiency/genetics
- Infertility, Male/blood
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Spermatogenesis/drug effects
- Spermatogenesis/genetics
- Steroids/biosynthesis
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/ultrastructure
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ferro Leal
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Eva Szarek
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Mercier
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- National Institutes of Health, Division of Veterinary Resources, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Louis Dye
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Microscopy and Imaging Core Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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London E, Bloyd M, Stratakis CA. PKA functions in metabolism and resistance to obesity: lessons from mouse and human studies. J Endocrinol 2020; 246:R51-R64. [PMID: 32485681 PMCID: PMC7385994 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both direct and indirect evidence demonstrate a central role for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism across multiple systems. However, the ubiquitous pattern of PKA expression across cell types poses a challenge in pinpointing its tissue-specific regulatory functions and further characterizing its many downstream effects in certain organs or cells. Mouse models of PKA deficiency and over-expression and studies in living cells have helped clarify PKA function in adipose tissue (AT), liver, adrenal, pancreas, and specific brain nuclei, as they pertain to energy balance and metabolic dysregulation. Limited studies in humans suggest differential regulation of PKA in AT of obese compared to lean individuals and an overall dysregulation of PKA signaling in obesity. Despite its complexity, under normal physiologic conditions, the PKA system is tightly regulated by changes in cAMP concentrations upstream via adenylate cyclase and downstream by phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP and by changes in PKA holoenzyme stability. Adjustments in the PKA system appear to be important to the development and maintenance of the obese state and its associated metabolic perturbations. In this review we discuss the important role of PKA in obesity and its involvement in resistance to obesity, through studies in humans and in mouse models, with a focus on the regulation of PKA in energy expenditure, intake behavior, and lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Michelle Bloyd
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
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Paul A, Sil J. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes to Establish New Biomarker for Cancer Prediction. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 16:1970-1985. [PMID: 29994718 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2837095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the human genome project is to integrate genetic information into different clinical therapies. To achieve this goal, different computational algorithms are devised for identifying the biomarker genes, cause of complex diseases. However, most of the methods developed so far using DNA microarray data lack in interpreting biological findings and are less accurate in disease prediction. In the paper, we propose two parameters risk_factor and confusion_factor to identify the biologically significant genes for cancer development. First, we evaluate risk_factor of each gene and the genes with nonzero risk_factor result misclassification of data, therefore removed. Next, we calculate confusion_factor of the remaining genes which determines confusion of a gene in prediction due to closeness of the samples in the cancer and normal classes. We apply nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to select the maximally uncorrelated differentially expressed genes in the cancer class with minimum confusion_factor. The proposed Gene Selection Explore (GSE) algorithm is compared to well established feature selection algorithms using 10 microarray data with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The identified genes appear in KEGG pathway and have several biological importance.
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London E, Noguchi A, Springer D, Faidas M, Gavrilova O, Eisenhofer G, Stratakis CA. The Catalytic Subunit β of PKA Affects Energy Balance and Catecholaminergic Activity. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1062-1078. [PMID: 31073546 PMCID: PMC6503631 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase A (PKA) signaling system mediates the effects of numerous hormones, neurotransmitters, and other molecules to regulate metabolism, cardiac function, and more. PKA defects may lead to diverse phenotypes that largely depend on the unique expression profile of the affected subunit. Deletion of the Prkarcb gene, which codes for PKA catalytic subunit β (Cβ), protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO), yet the mechanism for this phenotype remains unclear. We hypothesized that metabolic rate would be increased in Cβ knockout (KO) mice, which could explain DIO resistance. Male, but not female, CβKO mice had increased energy expenditure, and female but not male CβKO mice had increased subcutaneous temperature and increased locomotor activity compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Urinary norepinephrine (NE) and normetanephrine were elevated in female CβKO mice. CβKO mice had increased heart rate (HR); blocking central NE release normalized HR to that of untreated WT mice. Basal and stimulated PKA enzymatic activities were unchanged in adipose tissue and heart and varied in different brain regions, suggesting that Prkacb deletion may mediate signaling changes in specific brain nuclei and may be less important in the peripheral regulation of PKA expression and activity. This is a demonstration of a distinct effect of the PKA Cβ catalytic subunit on catecholamines and sympathetic nerve signaling. The data provide an unexpected explanation for the metabolic phenotype of CβKO mice. Finally, the sexual dimorphism is consistent with mouse models of other PKA subunits and adds to the importance of these findings regarding the PKA system in human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Audrey Noguchi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Faidas
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Medicine III Techniche Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Techniche Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of variants in PDE4D/PRKAR1A: from acrodysostosis to acroscyphodysplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1611-1622. [PMID: 30006632 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrodysostosis (MIM 101800) is a dominantly inherited condition associating (1) skeletal features (short stature, facial dysostosis, and brachydactyly with cone-shaped epiphyses), (2) resistance to hormones and (3) possible intellectual disability. Acroscyphodysplasia (MIM 250215) is characterized by growth retardation, brachydactyly, and knee epiphyses embedded in cup-shaped metaphyses. We and others have identified PDE4D or PRKAR1A variants in acrodysostosis; PDE4D variants have been reported in three cases of acroscyphodysplasia. Our study aimed at reviewing the clinical and molecular findings in a cohort of 27 acrodysostosis and 5 acroscyphodysplasia cases. Among the acrodysostosis cases, we identified 9 heterozygous de novo PRKAR1A variants and 11 heterozygous PDE4D variants. The 7 patients without variants presented with symptoms of acrodysostosis (brachydactyly and cone-shaped epiphyses), but none had the characteristic facial dysostosis. In the acroscyphodysplasia cases, we identified 2 PDE4D variants. For 2 of the 3 negative cases, medical records revealed early severe infection, which has been described in some reports of acroscyphodysplasia. Subdividing our series of acrodysostosis based on the disease-causing gene, we confirmed genotype-phenotype correlations. Hormone resistance was consistently observed in patients carrying PRKAR1A variants, whereas no hormone resistance was observed in 9 patients with PDE4D variants. All patients with PDE4D variants shared characteristic facial features (midface hypoplasia with nasal hypoplasia) and some degree of intellectual disability. Our findings of PDE4D variants in two cases of acroscyphodysplasia support that PDE4D may be responsible for this severe skeletal dysplasia. We eventually emphasize the importance of some specific assessments in the long-term follow up, including cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk factors.
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London E, Nesterova M, Stratakis CA. Acute vs chronic exposure to high fat diet leads to distinct regulation of PKA. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:1-12. [PMID: 28420713 PMCID: PMC5514540 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is an essential regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism that plays a critical role in energy homeostasis. The impact of diet on PKA signaling has not been defined, although perturbations in individual PKA subunits are associated with changes in adiposity, physical activity and energy intake in mice and humans. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (HFD) would elicit peripheral and central alterations in the PKA system that would differ depending on length of exposure to HFD; these differences could protect against or promote diet-induced obesity (DIO). 12-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to a regular diet or HFD and weighed weekly throughout the feeding studies (4 days, 14 weeks; respectively), and during killing. PKA activity and subunit expression were measured in liver, gonadal adipose tissue (AT) and brain. Acute HFD-feeding suppressed basal hepatic PKA activity. In contrast, hepatic and hypothalamic PKA activities were significantly increased after chronic HFD-feeding. Changes in AT were more subtle, and overall, altered PKA regulation in response to chronic HFD exposure was more profound in female mice. The suppression of hepatic PKA activity after 4 day HFD-feeding was indicative of a protective peripheral effect against obesity in the context of overnutrition. In response to chronic HFD-feeding, and with the development of DIO, dysregulated hepatic and hypothalamic PKA signaling was a signature of obesity that is likely to promote further metabolic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lemos MVA, Chiaia HLJ, Berton MP, Feitosa FLB, Aboujaoud C, Camargo GMF, Pereira ASC, Albuquerque LG, Ferrinho AM, Mueller LF, Mazalli MR, Furlan JJM, Carvalheiro R, Gordo DM, Tonussi R, Espigolan R, Silva RMDO, de Oliveira HN, Duckett S, Aguilar I, Baldi F. Genome-wide association between single nucleotide polymorphisms with beef fatty acid profile in Nellore cattle using the single step procedure. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:213. [PMID: 26960694 PMCID: PMC4784275 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saturated fatty acids can be detrimental to human health and have received considerable attention in recent years. Several studies using taurine breeds showed the existence of genetic variability and thus the possibility of genetic improvement of the fatty acid profile in beef. This study identified the regions of the genome associated with saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 to n-3 ratios in the Longissimus thoracis of Nellore finished in feedlot, using the single-step method. Results The results showed that 115 windows explain more than 1 % of the additive genetic variance for the 22 studied fatty acids. Thirty-one genomic regions that explain more than 1 % of the additive genetic variance were observed for total saturated fatty acids, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0. Nineteen genomic regions, distributed in sixteen different chromosomes accounted for more than 1 % of the additive genetic variance for the monounsaturated fatty acids, such as the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids, C14:1 cis-9, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 cis-9, and C18:1 trans-9. Forty genomic regions explained more than 1 % of the additive variance for the polyunsaturated fatty acids group, which are related to the total polyunsaturated fatty acids, C20:4 n-6, C18:2 cis-9 cis12 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C18:3 n-6, C22:6 n-3 and C20:3 n-6 cis-8 cis-11 cis-14. Twenty-one genomic regions accounted for more than 1 % of the genetic variance for the group of omega-3, omega-6 and the n-6:n-3 ratio. Conclusions The identification of such regions and the respective candidate genes, such as ELOVL5, ESSRG, PCYT1A and genes of the ABC group (ABC5, ABC6 and ABC10), should contribute to form a genetic basis of the fatty acid profile of Nellore (Bos indicus) beef, contributing to better selection of the traits associated with improving human health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2511-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V A Lemos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hermenegildo Lucas Justino Chiaia
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Piatto Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabieli L B Feitosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolyn Aboujaoud
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregório M F Camargo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica S C Pereira
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucia G Albuquerque
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrielle M Ferrinho
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenise F Mueller
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica R Mazalli
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce J M Furlan
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Gordo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tonussi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ignacio Aguilar
- Department of Animal Breeding Montevideo, National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguayy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Qi Z, Ding S. Obesity-associated sympathetic overactivity in children and adolescents: the role of catecholamine resistance in lipid metabolism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:113-25. [PMID: 26488603 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is characterized by chronic sympathetic overdrive and reduced epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. This resistance to catecholamines occurs during the dynamic phase of fat accumulation. This review will focus on the relationship between sympathetic-adrenal activity and lipid metabolism, thereby highlighting the role of catecholamine resistance in the development of childhood obesity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Catecholamine resistance causes lipid accumulation in adipose tissue by reducing lipolysis, increasing lipogenesis and impeding free fatty acid (FFA) transportation. Exercise improves catecholamine resistance, as evidenced by attenuated systemic sympathetic activity, reduced circulating catecholamine levels and enhanced β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Insulin resistance is mostly a casual result rather than a cause of childhood obesity. Therefore, catecholamine resistance in childhood obesity may promote insulin signaling in adipose tissue, thereby increasing lipogenesis. This review outlines a series of evidence for the role of catecholamine resistance as an upstream mechanism leading to childhood obesity.
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11
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Ferraù F, Korbonits M. Metabolic comorbidities in Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:M133-57. [PMID: 26060052 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) patients have increased mortality primarily due to cardiovascular events induced by glucocorticoid (GC) excess-related severe metabolic changes. Glucose metabolism abnormalities are common in CS due to increased gluconeogenesis, disruption of insulin signalling with reduced glucose uptake and disposal of glucose and altered insulin secretion, consequent to the combination of GCs effects on liver, muscle, adipose tissue and pancreas. Dyslipidaemia is a frequent feature in CS as a result of GC-induced increased lipolysis, lipid mobilisation, liponeogenesis and adipogenesis. Protein metabolism is severely affected by GC excess via complex direct and indirect stimulation of protein breakdown and inhibition of protein synthesis, which can lead to muscle loss. CS patients show changes in body composition, with fat redistribution resulting in accumulation of central adipose tissue. Metabolic changes, altered adipokine release, GC-induced heart and vasculature abnormalities, hypertension and atherosclerosis contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In paediatric CS patients, the interplay between GC and the GH/IGF1 axis affects growth and body composition, while in adults it further contributes to the metabolic derangement. GC excess has a myriad of deleterious effects and here we attempt to summarise the metabolic comorbidities related to CS and their management in the perspective of reducing the cardiovascular risk and mortality overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferraù
- Centre for Endocrinology William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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12
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London E, Nesterova M, Sinaii N, Szarek E, Chanturiya T, Mastroyannis SA, Gavrilova O, Stratakis CA. Differentially regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in adipose tissue and liver is associated with resistance to diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice that lack PKA regulatory subunit type IIα. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3397-408. [PMID: 24914943 PMCID: PMC4138573 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling system is widely expressed and has a central role in regulating cellular metabolism in all organ systems affected by obesity. PKA has four regulatory (RIα, RIIα, RIβ, RIIβ) and four catalytic (Cα, Cβ, Cγ, Prkx) subunit isoforms that have tissue-specific expression profiles. In mice, knockout (KO) of RIIβ, the primary PKA regulatory subunit in adipose tissue or knockout of the catalytic subunit Cβ resulted in a lean phenotype that resists diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic complications. Here we report that the disruption of the ubiquitously expressed PKA RIIα subunit in mice (RIIαKO) confers resistance to diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. After 2-week high-fat diet exposure, RIIαKO mice weighed less than wild-type littermates. Over time this effect was more pronounced in female mice that were also leaner than their wild-type counterparts, regardless of the diet. Decreased intake of a high-fat diet contributed to the attenuated weight gain in RIIαKO mice. Additionally, RIIα deficiency caused differential regulation of PKA in key metabolic organs: cAMP-stimulated PKA activity was decreased in liver and increased in gonadal adipose tissue. We conclude that RIIα represents a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obesity, glucose intolerance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.L., M.N., E.S., S.A.M., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (N.S.), CC, National Institutes of Health, Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory (T.C., O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development intramural Summer Student Program (S.A.M.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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13
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Gourgari E, Lodish M, Keil M, Wesley R, Hill S, Xekouki P, Lyssikatos C, Belyavskaya E, Sierra MDLL, Stratakis CA. Post-operative growth is different in various forms of pediatric Cushing's syndrome. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:L27-31. [PMID: 25258026 PMCID: PMC4209309 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gourgari
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Maya Lodish
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meg Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Wesley
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20982
| | - Suvimol Hill
- Department of Radiology, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
| | - Charalampos Lyssikatos
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
| | - Elena Belyavskaya
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
| | - Maria De La Luz Sierra
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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