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Ganugula R, Arora M, Dwivedi S, Chandrashekar DS, Varambally S, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Aided by Curcumin-Laden Double-Headed Nanoparticles Combined with Injectable Long-Acting Insulin in a Rodent Model of Diabetes Eye Disease. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6857-6874. [PMID: 36951721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that counter emerging targets in diabetes eye diseases are lacking. We hypothesize that a combination therapy targeting inflammation and hyperglycemia can prevent diabetic eye diseases. Here, we report a multipronged approach to prevent diabetic cataracts and retinopathy by combining orally bioavailable curcumin-laden double-headed (two molecules of gambogic acid conjugated to terminal carboxyl groups of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanoparticles and injectable basal insulin. The combination treatment led to a significant delay in the progression of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy, improving liver function and peripheral glucose homeostasis. We found a concurrent reduction in lens aggregate protein, AGEs, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. Importantly, inhibition of Piezo1 protected against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular damage suggesting possible involvement of Piezo1 in the regulation of retinal phototransduction. Histologic evaluation of murine small intestines revealed that chronic administration of curcumin-laden double-headed nanoparticles was well tolerated, circumventing the fear of nanoparticle toxicity. These findings establish the potential of anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic combination therapy for the prevention of diabetic cataracts and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganugula
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - M Arora
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - S Dwivedi
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D S Chandrashekar
- Genomic Diagnostics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - S Varambally
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - E M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - M N V Ravi Kumar
- The Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine (CCBM), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Bioscience and Medicine Initiative, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 1325, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, SEC 3448, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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El-kady AM, Alzahrani AM, Elshazly H, Alshehri EA, Wakid MH, Gattan HS, Al-Megrin WAI, Alfaifi MS, Mohamed K, Alharbi W, Elshabrawy HA, Younis SS. Pancreatic Pathological Changes in Murine Toxoplasmosis and Possible Association with Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010018. [PMID: 36672526 PMCID: PMC9856159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported involvement of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Crohn's disease. However, data on the association between T. gondii infections and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the pancreatic pathological changes in mouse models with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis and their association with T1DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups (10 mice each) of male Swiss Albino mice were used. One group of mice was left uninfected, whereas the second and third groups were infected with the acute virulent T. gondii RH strain and the chronic less virulent Me49 T. gondii strain, respectively. T. gondii-induced pancreatic pathological changes were evaluated by histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues. Moreover, the expression of insulin, levels of caspase-3, and the pancreatic infiltration of CD8+ T cells were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Pancreatic tissues of T. gondii-infected animals showed significant pathological alterations and variable degrees of insulitis. Mice with acute toxoplasmosis exhibited marked enlargement and reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans. However, mice with chronic toxoplasmosis showed considerable reduction in size and number of islets of Langerhans. Moreover, insulin staining revealed significant reduction in β cell numbers, whereas caspase-3 staining showed induced apoptosis in islets of Langerhans of acute toxoplasmosis and chronic toxoplasmosis mice compared to uninfected mice. We detected infiltration of CD8+ T cells only in islets of Langerhans of mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic toxoplasmosis mice displayed marked pancreatic pathological changes with reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans and insulin-producing-β cells. Since damage of β cells of islets of Langerhans is associated with the development of T1DM, our findings may support a link between T. gondii infections and the development of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. El-kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Amal M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Arts in Almandaq, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam Elshazly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-Scientific Departments, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H. Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael S. Alfaifi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheeb Alharbi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.-k.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Salwa S. Younis
- Departments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
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Sasaki H, Saisho Y, Inaishi J, Watanabe Y, Tsuchiya T, Makio M, Sato M, Nishikawa M, Kitago M, Yamada T, Itoh H. Reduced beta cell number rather than size is a major contributor to beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1816-1821. [PMID: 33938968 PMCID: PMC8245378 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by reduced beta cell mass (BCM). However, it remains uncertain whether the reduction in BCM in type 2 diabetes is due to a decrease in size or number of beta cells. Our aim was to examine the impact of beta cell size and number on islet morphology in humans with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Pancreas samples were obtained from 64 Japanese adults with (n = 26) and without (n = 38) type 2 diabetes who underwent pancreatectomy. Using pancreatic tissues stained for insulin, we estimated beta cell size based on beta cell diameter. Beta cell number was estimated from the product of fractional beta cell area and pancreas volume divided by beta cell size. The associations of beta cell size and number with islet morphology and metabolic status were examined. RESULTS Both beta cell size (548.7 ± 58.5 vs 606.7 ± 65.0 μm3, p < 0.01) and number (5.10 × 108 ± 2.35 × 108 vs 8.16 × 108 ± 4.27 × 108, p < 0.01) were decreased in participants with type 2 diabetes compared with those without diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number (37%) being greater than for beta cell size (10%). Beta cell number but not size was positively correlated with BCM in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (r = 0.97 and r = 0.98, both p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with HbA1c (r = -0.45, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Both beta cell size and number were reduced in participants with type 2 diabetes, with the relative reduction in beta cell number being greater. Decrease in beta cell number appears to be a major contributor to reduced BCM in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Inaishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Preventative Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tami Tsuchiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Makio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bradbery AN, Coverdale JA, Hartz CJ, Millican AA, Goehring MS, Fikes KK, Picking E, Hammer CJ, Dunlap KA, Cardoso RC, Wickersham TA, Leatherwood JL, Satterfield MC. Effect of maternal overnutrition on predisposition to insulin resistance in the foal: Maternal parameters and foal pancreas histoarchitecture. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 227:106720. [PMID: 33636430 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Results from previous studies indicate that maternal overnutrition during late gestation predisposes foals to metabolic disease, however, specific mechanisms resulting in disease remain unknown. Quarter Horse mares (n = 16), were randomly assigned to dietary treatments, beginning on gestational day 235, and consisted of a control group (CON- diet meeting nutrient requirement; n = 8) or an overfed diet (HIGH; n = 8) where mares received an additional 40 % above CON. On gestational days 285 and 315, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) was conducted. Following parturition, foals were separated from the mare, prohibited from nursing, and an FSIGTT was conducted at 2 h postpartum. Foals were immediately euthanized and tissues preserved for analyses. There was no effect of treatment on foal BW (P = 0.50), pancreas weight (P = 0.60), or FSIGTT area under the curve for glucose (P = 0.80) and insulin (P = 0.70). Colocalization of α-amylase to isolate pancreatic islets of Langerhans indicated increased islet number and size in foals from HIGH mares (P < 0.01). Immunofluoresent analysis of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin indicate no difference in intensity of staining (P> 0.10). Foals exposed to overnutrition during peak fetal growth had altered pancreatic islet development that may lead to adult-onset metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bradbery
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - J A Coverdale
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - C J Hartz
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - A A Millican
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - M S Goehring
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - K K Fikes
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
| | - E Picking
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - C J Hammer
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, United States
| | - K A Dunlap
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - R C Cardoso
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - T A Wickersham
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - J L Leatherwood
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
| | - M C Satterfield
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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Shawky LM, Morsi AA, El Bana E, Hanafy SM. The Biological Impacts of Sitagliptin on the Pancreas of a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Interactions with Metformin. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E6. [PMID: 31881657 PMCID: PMC7167819 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a beneficial class of antidiabetic drugs. However, a major debate about the risk of developing pancreatitis is still existing. The aim of the work was to study the histological and immunohistochemical effects of sitagliptin on both endocrine and exocrine pancreases in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate these effects with the biochemical findings. Moreover, a possible synergistic effect of sitagliptin, in combination with metformin, was also evaluated. Fifty adult male rats were used and assigned into five equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 comprised of untreated diabetic rats. Group 3 diabetic rats received sitagliptin. Group 4 diabetic rats received metformin. Group 5 diabetic rats received both combined. Treatments were given for 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay before the sacrification of rats. Pancreases were removed, weighed, and were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. In the untreated diabetic group, the islets appeared shrunken with disturbed architecture and abnormal immunohistochemical reactions for insulin, caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The biochemical findings were also disturbed. Morphometrically, there was a significant decrease in the islet size and islet number. Treatment with sitagliptin, metformin, and their combination showed an improvement, with the best response in the combined approach. No evidence of pancreatic injury was identified in the sitagliptin-treated groups. In conclusion, sitagliptin had a cytoprotective effect on beta-cell damage. Furthermore, the data didn't indicate any detrimental effects of sitagliptin on the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Shawky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Morsi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | - Eman El Bana
- Department of Anatomy, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Safaa Masoud Hanafy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
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MafB Is Important for Pancreatic β-Cell Maintenance under a MafA-Deficient Condition. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00080-19. [PMID: 31208980 PMCID: PMC6692125 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00080-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic-islet-enriched transcription factors MafA and MafB have unique expression patterns in β cells in rodents. MafA is specifically expressed in β cells and is a key regulatory factor for maintaining adult β-cell function, whereas MafB plays an essential role in β-cell development during embryogenesis, and its expression in β cells gradually decreases and is restricted to α cells after birth in rodents. The pancreatic-islet-enriched transcription factors MafA and MafB have unique expression patterns in β cells in rodents. MafA is specifically expressed in β cells and is a key regulatory factor for maintaining adult β-cell function, whereas MafB plays an essential role in β-cell development during embryogenesis, and its expression in β cells gradually decreases and is restricted to α cells after birth in rodents. However, it was previously observed that MafB started to be reexpressed in insulin-positive (insulin+) β cells in MafA-deficient adult mice. To elucidate how MafB functions in the adult β cell under MafA-deficient conditions, we generated MafA and MafB double-knockout (A0B0) mice in which MafB was specifically deleted from β cells. As a result, the A0B0 mice became more vulnerable to diabetes under a high-fat diet (HFD) treatment, with impaired islet formation and a decreased number of insulin+ β cells because of increased β-cell apoptosis, indicating MafB can take part in the maintenance of adult β cells under certain pathological conditions.
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Watahiki M, Trewavas A. Systems, variation, individuality and plant hormones. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 146:3-22. [PMID: 30312622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in plants and particularly in hormone content, figures strongly in evolution and behaviour. Homo sapiens and Arabidopsis exhibit similar and substantial phenotypic and molecular variation. Whereas there is a very substantial degree of hormone variation in mankind, reports of inter-individual variation in plant hormone content are virtually absent but are likely to be as large if not larger than that in mankind. Reasons for this absence are discussed. Using an example of inter-individual variation in ethylene content in ripening, the article shows how biological time is compressed by hormones. It further resolves an old issue of very wide hormone dose response that result directly from negative regulation in hormone (and light) transduction. Negative regulation is used because of inter-individual variability in hormone synthesis, receptors and ancillary proteins, a consequence of substantial genomic and environmental variation. Somatic mosaics have been reported for several plant tissues and these too contribute to tissue variation and wide variation in hormone response. The article concludes by examining what variation exists in gravitropic responses. There are multiple sensing systems of gravity vectors and multiple routes towards curvature. These are an aspect of the need for reliability in both inter-individual variation and unpredictable environments. Plant hormone inter-individuality is a new area for research and is likely to change appreciation of the mechanisms that underpin individual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Watahiki
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Anthony Trewavas
- Institute of Plant Molecular Science, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3 JH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Saisho Y. Pancreas Volume and Fat Deposition in Diabetes and Normal Physiology: Consideration of the Interplay Between Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:132-147. [PMID: 28012279 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is comprised of exocrine and endocrine components. Despite the fact that they are derived from a common origin in utero, these two compartments are often studied individually because of the different roles and functions of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Recent studies have shown that not only type 1 diabetes (T1D), but also type 2 diabetes (T2D), is characterized by a deficit in beta-cell mass, suggesting that pathological changes in the pancreas are critical events in the natural history of diabetes. In both patients with T1D and those with T2D, pancreas mass and exocrine function have been reported to be reduced. On the other hand, pancreas volume and pancreatic fat increase with obesity. Increased beta-cell mass with increasing obesity has also been observed in humans, and ectopic fat deposits in the pancreas have been reported to cause beta-cell dysfunction. Moreover, neogenesis and transdifferentiation from the exocrine to the endocrine compartment in the postnatal period are regarded as a source of newly formed beta-cells. These findings suggest that there is important interplay between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas throughout life. This review summarizes the current knowledge on physiological and pathological changes in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas (i.e., beta-cell mass), and discusses the potential mechanisms of the interplay between the two compartments in humans to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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9
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Inaishi J, Saisho Y, Sato S, Kou K, Murakami R, Watanabe Y, Kitago M, Kitagawa Y, Yamada T, Itoh H. Effects of Obesity and Diabetes on α- and β-Cell Mass in Surgically Resected Human Pancreas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2874-82. [PMID: 27070277 PMCID: PMC4929842 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ethnic difference in β-cell regenerative capacity in response to obesity may be attributable to different phenotypes of type 2 diabetes among ethnicities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the effects of diabetes and obesity on β- (BCM) and α-cell mass (ACM) in the Japanese population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We obtained the pancreases of 99 individuals who underwent pancreatic surgery and whose resected pancreas sample contained adequate normal pancreas for histological analysis. Questionnaires on a family history of diabetes and history of obesity were conducted in 59 patients. Pancreatic sections were stained for insulin or glucagon, and fractional β- and α-cell area were measured. Islet size and density as well as β-cell turnover were also quantified. RESULTS In patients with diabetes, BCM was decreased by 46% compared with age- and body mass index-matched nondiabetic patients (1.48% ± 1.08% vs 0.80% ± 0.54%, P < .001), whereas there was no difference in ACM between the groups. There was no effect of obesity or history of obesity on BCM and ACM irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes. There was a negative correlation between BCM, but not ACM, and glycated hemoglobin before and after pancreatic surgery. In addition, reduced BCM was observed in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with those with other pancreatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the increase in BCM in the face of insulin resistance is extremely limited in the Japanese, and BCM rather than ACM has a major role in regulating blood glucose level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Inaishi
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kinsei Kou
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Rie Murakami
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Watanabe
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Departments of Internal Medicine (J.I., Y.S., S.S., K.K., R.M., Y.W., H.I.), Surgery (M.K., Y.K.), and Pathology (T.Y.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Pathology (T.Y.), Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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10
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Eriksson O, Laughlin M, Brom M, Nuutila P, Roden M, Hwa A, Bonadonna R, Gotthardt M. In vivo imaging of beta cells with radiotracers: state of the art, prospects and recommendations for development and use. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1340-1349. [PMID: 27094935 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotracer imaging is characterised by high in vivo sensitivity, with a detection limit in the lower picomolar range. Therefore, radiotracers represent a valuable tool for imaging pancreatic beta cells. High demands are made of radiotracers for in vivo imaging of beta cells. Beta cells represent only a small fraction of the volume of the pancreas (usually 1-3%) and are scattered in the tiny islets of Langerhans throughout the organ. In order to be able to measure a beta cell-specific signal, one has to rely on highly specific tracer molecules because current in vivo imaging technologies do not allow the resolution of single islets in humans non-invasively. Currently, a considerable amount of preclinical data are available for several radiotracers and three are under clinical evaluation. We summarise the current status of the evaluation of these tracer molecules and put forward recommendations for their further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14C, 3tr, SE-751 83, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Albert Hwa
- JDRF, Discovery Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riccardo Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma and AOU of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Lin Z, Zhao Y, Song L, Mu K, Zhang M, Liu H, Li X, Zhao J, Wang C, Jia W. Deletion of β-Arrestin2 in Mice Limited Pancreatic β-Cell Expansion under Metabolic Stress through Activation of the JNK Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:74-84. [PMID: 26954469 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestin2 (βarr2) is an adaptor protein that interacts with numerous signaling molecules and regulates insulin sensitivity. We reported previously that βarr2 was abundantly expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells, and loss of βarr2 leads to impairment of acute- and late-phase insulin secretion. In the present study, we examined the dynamic changes of β-cell mass in βarr2-deficient (βarr2-/-) mice in vivo and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. βarr2-/- mice with exclusively luciferase overexpression in β-cells were generated and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). β-Cell mass was determined by in vivo noninvasive bioluminescence imaging from 4 to 20 wks of age. Proliferation was measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting were conducted for gene and protein expression. We found that β-cell mass was reduced dramatically in βarr2-/- mice at 12 wks old compared with that of their respective HFD-fed controls. The percentage of BrdU- and Ki67-positive cells reduced in islets from βarr2-/- mice. Exposure of βarr2-/- islets to high levels of glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) exacerbated cell death, which was associated with upregulation of the JNK pathway in these islets. Conversely, overexpression of βarr2 amplified β-cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in cyclinD2 expression and a decrease in p21 expression and protected β-cells from glucose- and FFA-induced cell death through JNK-activation inhibition. In conclusion, βarr2 plays roles in regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass through the modulation of cell cycle regulatory genes and the inhibition of JNK activation induced by glucolipotoxity, which implicates a role for βarr2 in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sato S, Saisho Y, Inaishi J, Kou K, Murakami R, Yamada T, Itoh H. Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment on β- and α-Cell Mass in Japanese Adults With and Without Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:2915-27. [PMID: 25883114 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was 1) to clarify β-cell regenerative capacity in the face of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced insulin resistance and 2) to clarify the change in β- and α-cell mass in GC-induced diabetes in humans. We obtained the pancreases from 100 Japanese autopsy case subjects. The case subjects were classified according to whether or not they had received GC therapy before death and the presence or absence of diabetes. Fractional β-cell area (%BCA) and α-cell area (%ACA) were quantified, and the relationship with GC therapy was evaluated. As a result, in case subjects without diabetes, there was no significant difference in %BCA between case subjects with and without GC therapy (1.66 ± 1.05% vs. 1.21 ± 0.59%, P = 0.13). %ACA was also not significantly different between the two groups. In case subjects with type 2 diabetes, %BCA and %ACA were both significantly reduced compared with control subjects without diabetes; however, neither %BCA nor %ACA was significantly decreased in case subjects with GC-induced diabetes. There was a significant negative correlation between %BCA and HbA1c measured before death; however, this relationship was attenuated in case subjects with GC therapy. In conclusion, the current study suggests that β- and α-cell mass remain largely unchanged in the face of GC-induced insulin resistance in Japanese individuals, implying limited capacity of β-cell regeneration in adult humans. The absence of apparent β-cell deficit in case subjects with GC-induced diabetes suggests that GC-induced diabetes is mainly caused by insulin resistance and/or β-cell dysfunction, but not necessarily a deficit of β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inaishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinsei Kou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Murakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Nano R, Melzi R, Mercalli A, Balzano G, Scavini M, Bonadonna R, Piemonti L. Islet Volume and Indexes of β-Cell Function in Humans. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:491-501. [PMID: 26102316 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet volume and endocrine pancreas architecture (islet size distribution) may be independent determinants of β-cell function. Furthermore, the accuracy of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indexes in predicting β-cell mass has never been assessed. Here we investigated the relationships between islet volume, islet density, and islet size distribution, estimated after pancreatic tissue digestion, with established indexes of β-cell function in humans. We included in this study 42 patients who were candidates for islet autotransplantation and had well-characterized glucose metabolism. Indexes of insulin secretion were calculated and compared with the islet volume, as a surrogate of β-cell mass, obtained after digestion of pancreas. Islet counting analysis showed considerable interindividual variation in islet density and size. Islet volume, but not density nor size, was the only independent determinant of β-cell function assessed by insulin HOMA β-cell. Islet volume was significantly reduced in the patients with overt hyperglycemia, but not in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Insulin HOMA β-cell predicted islet volume better than other measures of fasting insulin secretion. In conclusion, the present study documented a close direct relationship between indexes of β-cell function and islet volume in humans. The insulin HOMA β-cell provides a more reliable estimate of pancreatic islet volume than fasting glucose before islet isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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14
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Rodríguez-Castelán J, Nicolás L, Morimoto S, Cuevas E. The Langerhans islet cells of female rabbits are differentially affected by hypothyroidism depending on the islet size. Endocrine 2015; 48:811-7. [PMID: 25213470 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of hypothyroidism on the glucose and insulin levels are controversial, and its impact on the Langerhans islet morphology of adult subjects has been poorly addressed. In spite of hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus are more frequent in females than in males, most studies using animal models have been done in males. The effect of hypothyroidism on the immunolabeling of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) of islet cells is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypothyroidism on the glucose and insulin concentrations, morphometry of islets, and immunostaining of TRs α1-2 and β1 and TSHR of islet cells in female rabbits. Control and hypothyroid (0.02% of methimazole for 30 days) animals were used to quantify blood levels of glucose and insulin, density of islets, cross-sectional area (CSA) of islets, number of cells per islet, cell proliferation, and the immunolabeling of TRs α1-2, TRβ1, and TSHR. Student's t or Mann-Whitney-U tests, two-way ANOVAs, and Fischer's tests were applied. Concentrations of glucose and insulin, as well as the insulin resistance were similar between groups. Hypothyroidism did not affect the density or the CSA of islets. The analysis of islets by size showed that hypothyroidism reduced the cell number in large and medium islets, but not in small ones. In small islets, cell proliferation was increased. The immunoreactivity of TRα1-2, TRβ1, and TSHR was increased by hypothyroidism in all islet sizes. Our results show that hypothyroidism affects differentially the islet cells depending on the size of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez-Castelán
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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15
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Saisho Y. β-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:109-124. [PMID: 25685282 PMCID: PMC4317303 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Although, in contrast to type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance is assumed to be a major pathophysiological feature of T2DM, T2DM never develops unless β-cells fail to compensate insulin resistance. Recent studies have revealed that a deficit of β-cell functional mass is an essential component of the pathophysiology of T2DM, implying that β-cell deficit is a common feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. β-cell dysfunction is present at the diagnosis of T2DM and progressively worsens with disease duration. β-cell dysfunction is associated with worsening of glycemic control and treatment failure; thus, it is important to preserve or recover β-cell functional mass in the management of T2DM. Since β-cell regenerative capacity appears somewhat limited in humans, reducing β-cell workload appears to be the most effective way to preserve β-cell functional mass to date, underpinning the importance of lifestyle modification and weight loss for the treatment and prevention of T2DM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on β-cell functional mass in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM.
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16
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Kim UH, Yoon JH, Li H, Kang JH, Ji HS, Park KH, Shin DH, Park HY, Jeong TS. Pterocarpan-enriched soy leaf extract ameliorates insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell proliferation in type 2 diabetic mice. Molecules 2014; 19:18493-510. [PMID: 25401395 PMCID: PMC6271205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves are eaten as a seasonal vegetable or pickled in soy sauce. Ethyl acetate extracts of soy leaves (EASL) are enriched in pterocarpans and have potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effect of EASL in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes. Mice were randomly divided into normal diet (ND), HFD (60 kcal% fat diet), EASL (HFD with 0.56% (wt/wt) EASL), and Pinitol (HFD with 0.15% (wt/wt) pinitol) groups. Weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation were significantly suppressed by EASL. Levels of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and insulin in the EASL group were significantly lower than those of the HFD group, and the pancreatic islet of the EASL group had greater size than those of the HFD group. EASL group up-regulated neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), paired box 4 (Pax4), and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), which are markers of pancreatic cell development, as well as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS2, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which are related to insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, EASL suppressed genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis. These results suggest that EASL improves plasma glucose and insulin levels in mice with HDF-induced type 2 diabetes by regulating β-cell proliferation and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Hee Kim
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Hua Li
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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17
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Qi M, McFadden B, Valiente L, Omori K, Bilbao S, Juan J, Rawson J, Oancea AR, Scott S, Nair I, Ferreri K, Mullen Y, Dafoe D, Ei-Shahawy M, Kandeel F, Al-Abdullah IH. Human Pancreatic Islets Isolated From Donors With Elevated HbA1c Levels: Islet Yield and Graft Efficacy. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1879-86. [PMID: 25198342 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated donor HbA1c levels (type 2 diabetes, T2D) on the islet yield and functionality postisolation. In this retrospective analysis, donors for islet isolations were classified into two groups: T2D group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, n = 18) and normal group (HbA1c < 6.5%, n = 308). Optimum pancreas digestion time (switch time) was significantly higher in the T2D group compared to the normal group (13.7 ± 1.2 vs. 11.7 ± 0.1 min, respectively, p = 0.005). Islet yields were significantly lower in the T2D group compared to the control (T2D vs. control): islet equivalent (IEQ)/g (prepurification 2,318 ± 195 vs. 3,713 ± 114, p = 0.003; postpurification 1,735 ± 175 vs. 2,663 ± 89, p = 0.013) and islet particle number (IPN)/g (prepurification, 2,519 ± 336 vs. 4,433 ± 143, p = 0.001; postpurification, 1,760 ± 229 vs. 2,715 ± 85, p = 0.007). Islets from T2D pancreata had significantly lower viability (T2D vs. CONTROL 91.9 ± 1.6 vs. 94.4 ± 0.3%, p = 0.004) and decreased oxygen consumption rate (ΔOCR) (T2D vs. CONTROL 0.09 ± 0.01 and 0.21 ± 0.03 nmol O2 100 islets(-1) min(-1), p = 0.049). The islets isolated from T2D donor pancreata reversed diabetes in NOD-SCID mice in 9% (2/22) compared to islets from control donor pancreata, which reversed diabetes in 67% (175/260, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that elevated HbA1c (≥ 6.5%) is associated with impairment of islet function and lower islet yield; however, these islets could not be suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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