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Hari Gopal S, Alenghat T, Pammi M. Early life epigenetics and childhood outcomes: a scoping review. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03585-7. [PMID: 39289593 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression, without a change in the DNA sequence that are potentially heritable. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) changes have been studied in various childhood disorders. Causal links to maternal health and toxin exposures can introduce epigenetic modifications to the fetal DNA, which can be detected in the cord blood. Cord blood epigenetic modifications provide evidence of in-utero stressors and immediate postnatal changes, which can impact both short and long-term outcomes in children. The mechanisms of these epigenetic changes can be leveraged for prevention, early detection, and intervention, and to discover novel therapeutic modalities in childhood diseases. We report a scoping review of early life epigenetics, the influence of maternal health, maternal toxin, and drug exposures on the fetus, and its impact on perinatal, neonatal, and childhood outcomes. IMPACT STATEMENT: Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disease processes. The fundamental changes to an offspring's epigenome can begin in utero, impacting the immediate postnatal period, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. This scoping review summarizes current literature on the impact of early life epigenetics, especially DNA methylation on childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirupa Hari Gopal
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohan Pammi
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Tian A, Meng F, Li S, Wu Y, Zhang C, Luo X. Inadequate linear catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: Influencing factors and underlying mechanisms. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:805-816. [PMID: 38763958 PMCID: PMC11294269 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
A minority of children born small for gestational age (SGA) may experience catch-up growth failure and remain short in adulthood. However, the underlying causes and mechanisms of this phenomenon are not yet fully comprehended. We reviewed the present state of research concerning the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and growth plate in SGA children who fail to achieve catch-up growth. Additionally, we explored the factors influencing catch-up growth in SGA children and potential molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, we considered the potential benefits of supplementary nutrition, specific dietary patterns, probiotics and drug therapy in facilitating catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fucheng Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yichi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Jeong HR, Hwang IT. MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:119-125. [PMID: 37232075 PMCID: PMC10915459 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by silencing or degrading messenger RNAs. Many of the approximately 2,500 miRNAs discovered in humans are known to regulate vital biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and embryonic tissue development. Aberrant miRNA expression may have pathological and malignant consequences. Therefore, miRNAs have emerged as novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Children undergo various stages of growth, development, and maturation between birth and adulthood. It is important to study the role of miRNA expression in normal growth and disease development during these developmental stages. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwal Rim Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jee YH, Jumani S, Mericq V. The Association of Accelerated Early Growth, Timing of Puberty, and Metabolic Consequences in Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e663-e670. [PMID: 37029976 PMCID: PMC10686698 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated early growth and early timing of puberty or pubertal variant have been noticed as risk factors for metabolic syndrome, more frequently observed in children born small for gestational age (SGA) or children with premature adrenarche (PA). Children with SGA, especially if they make an accelerated catch-up growth in early life, carry a higher risk for long-term metabolic consequences, such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, multiple studies support that these children, either born SGA or with a history of PA, may have earlier pubertal timing, which is also associated with various metabolic risks. This review aims to summarize the recent studies investigating the association between early infantile growth, the timing of puberty, and metabolic risks to expand our knowledge and gain more insight into the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Sanjay Jumani
- Section on Growth, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 13101, Chile
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Khalilian S, Hosseini Imani SZ, Hosseini SA, Ghafouri-Fard S. The important role of miR-770 as a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for human cancer and other diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154586. [PMID: 37267769 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-770 (miR-770) is an RNA gene, located on chromosome 14q32.2. It has important effects on the pathobiology of cancers and other human diseases. It is known to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and glioblastoma. In colorectal adenocarcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma, miR-770 is regarded as an oncogenic miRNA. In several disorders, miR-770 dysregulation has been recognized as a potential biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Dysregulation of miR-770 has also been demonstrated in non-malignant human disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, Hirschsprung's disease, osteoarthritis, silicosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the current review, we have obtained the miR-770 target genes, ontology, and related pathways. We have also provided a comprehensive review of miR-770 in both malignant and non-malignant disorders and explained its possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Khalilian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Imani
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; USERN Office, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mas-Parés B, Xargay-Torrent S, Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Carreras-Badosa G, Prats-Puig A, De Zegher F, Ibáñez L, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A. Gestational Weight Gain Relates to DNA Methylation in Umbilical Cord, Which, In Turn, Associates with Offspring Obesity-Related Parameters. Nutrients 2023; 15:3175. [PMID: 37513594 PMCID: PMC10386148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has a negative impact on offspring's health. Epigenetic modifications mediate these associations by causing changes in gene expression. We studied the association between GWG and DNA methylation in umbilical cord tissue; and determined whether the DNA methylation and the expression of corresponding annotated genes were associated with obesity-related parameters in offspring at 6 years of age. The methylated CpG sites (CpGs) associated with GWG were identified in umbilical cord tissue by genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 24). Twelve top CpGs were validated in a wider sample by pyrosequencing (n = 87), and the expression of their 5 annotated genes (SETD8, TMEM214, SLIT3, RPTOR, and HOXC8) was assessed by RT-PCR. Pyrosequencing results validated the association of SETD8, SLIT3, and RPTOR methylation with GWG and showed that higher levels of SETD8 and RPTOR methylation and lower levels of SLIT3 methylation relate to a higher risk of obesity in the offspring. The association of SETD8 and SLIT3 gene expression with offspring outcomes paralleled the association of methylation levels in opposite directions. Epigenetic changes in the umbilical cord tissue could explain, in part, the relationship between GWG and offspring obesity risk and be early biomarkers for the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Materno-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Francis De Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Materno-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Zhou F, Cheng T, Xing Y, Ma H, Yang L. Network exploration of gene signatures underlying low birth weight induced metabolic alterations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31489. [PMID: 36316897 PMCID: PMC9622720 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored underlying gene signatures of low birth weight (LBW) by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) subjects. METHODS Subjects with different birth weight was collected from GEO database. P < .05 and | logFC | ≥ 1.0 were used for screening DEGs. David (2021 Update) was used to perform GO annotation and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed using the STRING database, in which hub genes were mined through Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 326 DEGs were identified, including 287 up-regulated genes and 39 down-regulated genes. The GO biological processes enriched by DEGs mainly involved epidermal growth, keratinization and intermediate fibrous tissue. The DEGs were significantly enriched in intracellular insoluble membranes, desmosomes and extracellular space. Their molecular functions mainly focused on structural molecular activity, structural components of epidermis and structural components of cytoskeleton. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and tight junction were highlighted as critical pathways enriched by DEGs. Ten hub genes which included KRT14, EGF, DSP, DSG1, KRT16, KRT6A, EPCAM, SPRR1B, PKP1, and PPL were identified from the constructed protein-protein interaction network. CONCLUSION A total of 326 DEGs and 10 hub genes were identified as candidates for metabolic disorders in LBW individuals. Our results indicated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as an intrauterine adaptive mechanism for LBW individuals. We observed activated PI3K/AKT pathway in LBW individuals, which would promote growth and development at the early stage of life, but adversely introduce extra metabolic stress and thereby potentially induce metabolic disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, (e-mail: )
| | - Linlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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8
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microRNAs in newborns with low birth weight: relation to birth size and body composition. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:829-837. [PMID: 34799665 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with low birth weight (LBW) have a higher risk of developing endocrine-metabolic disorders later in life. Deregulation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) could underscore the programming of adult pathologies. We analyzed the miRNA expression pattern in both umbilical cord serum samples from LBW and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns and maternal serum samples in the 3rd trimester of gestation, and delineated the relationships with fetal growth, body composition, and markers of metabolic risk. METHODS Serum samples of 12 selected mother-newborn pairs, including 6 LBW and 6 AGA newborns, were used for assessing miRNA profile by RNA-sequencing. The miRNAs with differential expression were validated in a larger cohort [49 maternal samples and 49 umbilical cord samples (24 LBW, 25 AGA)] by RT-qPCR. Anthropometric, endocrine-metabolic markers and body composition (by DXA) in infants were determined longitudinally over 12 months. RESULTS LBW newborns presented reduced circulating concentrations of miR-191-3p (P = 0.015). miR-191-3p levels reliably differentiated LBW from AGA individuals (ROC AUC = 0.76) and were positively associated with anthropometric and body composition measures at birth and weight Z-score at 12 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS miR-191-3p was reliably different in LBW individuals, and could be a new player in the epigenetic mechanisms linking LBW and future endocrine-metabolic adverse outcomes. IMPACT Children with low birth weight (LBW) have a higher risk of developing endocrine-metabolic disorders. Deregulation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) could underscore the programming of those pathologies. miR-191-3p is downregulated in serum of LBW newborns, and its concentrations associate positively with neonatal anthropometric measures, with lean mass and bone accretion at age 15 days and with weight Z-score at age 12 months. miR-191-3p was reliably different in individuals with LBW, and could be a new player in the epigenetic mechanisms connecting LBW and future endocrine-metabolic adverse outcomes.
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Kochhar P, Vukku M, Rajashekhar R, Mukhopadhyay A. microRNA signatures associated with fetal growth restriction: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1088-1102. [PMID: 34741137 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Placental-origin microRNA (miRNA) profiles can be useful toward early diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and associated complications. We conducted a systematic review to identify case-control studies that have examined miRNA signatures associated with human FGR. We systematically searched PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for relevant articles and manually searched reference lists of the relevant articles till May 18th, 2021. Of the 2133 studies identified, 21 were included. FGR-associated upregulation of miR-210 and miR-424 and downregulation of a placenta-specific miRNA cluster miRNA located on C19MC (miR-518b, miR-519d) and miR-221-3p was reported by >1 included studies. Analysis of the target genes of these miRNA as well as pathway analysis pointed to the involvement of angiogenesis and growth signaling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway. Only 3 out of the 21 included studies reported FGR-associated miRNAs in matched placental and maternal blood samples. We conclude that FGR-associated placental miRNAs could be utilized to inform clinical practice towards early diagnosis of FGR, provided enough evidence from studies on matched placental and maternal blood samples become available.Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42019136762.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - M Vukku
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - R Rajashekhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.,Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - A Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.
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Harary D, Akinyemi A, Charron MJ, Fuloria M. Fetal Growth and Intrauterine Epigenetic Programming of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e363-e372. [PMID: 35641462 PMCID: PMC10100845 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-6-e363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between an adverse intrauterine environment (eg, exposure to malnutrition) and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. These studies laid the foundation for the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, which states that limited nutrient supply to the fetus results in physiologic and metabolic adaptations that favor survival but result in unfavorable consequences in the offspring if there is excess nutrition after birth. This discrepancy in the pre- and postnatal milieus, perceived as stress by the offspring, may confer an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease later in life. Thus, early life exposures result in programming or changes in cellular memory that have effects on health throughout the life course. One of the mechanisms by which programming occurs is via epigenetic modifications of genes, processes that result in functionally relevant changes in genes (ie, gene expression) without an alteration in the genotype. In this review, we will describe how fetal exposures, including under- and overnutrition, affect neonatal and childhood growth and the future risk for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harary
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Maureen J Charron
- Departments of †Biochemistry
- Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, and
- Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mamta Fuloria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
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Jeong HR, Han JA, Kim H, Lee HJ, Shim YS, Kang MJ, Yoon JS, Ryu S, Hwang IT. Exosomal miRNA Profile in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children: A Potential Biomarker for Catch-Up Growth. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:938. [PMID: 35741700 PMCID: PMC9223036 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The mechanism underlying postnatal growth failure and catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children is poorly understood. This study investigated the exosomal miRNA signature associated with catch-up growth in SGA children. Methods: In total, 16 SGA and 10 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children were included. Serum exosomal miRNA was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Exosomal miRNA was profiled for five SGA children with catch-up growth (SGA-CU), six SGA children without CU growth (SGA-nCU), and five AGA children. Results: Exosomal miRNA profiles were clustered into three clear groups. The exosomal miRNA expression profiles of the SGA-nCU group differed from those of the SGA-CU and AGA groups. In all, 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed between SGA-nCU and AGA, 19 between SGA-nCU and SGA-CU, and only 6 between SGA-CU and AGA. In both SGA-nCU and SGA-CU, miR-874-3p was upregulated and miR-6126 was downregulated. Therefore, these two miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for SGA. Compared with SGA-CU and AGA, miR-30c-5p, miR-363-3p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-29c-3p were upregulated in SGA-nCU, while miR-629-5p and miR-23a-5p were downregulated. These six miRNAs could be associated with growth failure in SGA-nCU children. Conclusions: SGA children without CU have a distinct exosomal miRNA expression profile compared with AGA and SGA children with CU. Exosomal miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwal Rim Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jae-A Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Heeji Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Jong Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
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12
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Wit JM, Joustra SD, Losekoot M, van Duyvenvoorde HA, de Bruin C. Differential Diagnosis of the Short IGF-I-Deficient Child with Apparently Normal Growth Hormone Secretion. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:81-104. [PMID: 34091447 DOI: 10.1159/000516407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current differential diagnosis for a short child with low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and a normal growth hormone (GH) peak in a GH stimulation test (GHST), after exclusion of acquired causes, includes the following disorders: (1) a decreased spontaneous GH secretion in contrast to a normal stimulated GH peak ("GH neurosecretory dysfunction," GHND) and (2) genetic conditions with a normal GH sensitivity (e.g., pathogenic variants of GH1 or GHSR) and (3) GH insensitivity (GHI). We present a critical appraisal of the concept of GHND and the role of 12- or 24-h GH profiles in the selection of children for GH treatment. The mean 24-h GH concentration in healthy children overlaps with that in those with GH deficiency, indicating that the previously proposed cutoff limit (3.0-3.2 μg/L) is too high. The main advantage of performing a GH profile is that it prevents about 20% of false-positive test results of the GHST, while it also detects a low spontaneous GH secretion in children who would be considered GH sufficient based on a stimulation test. However, due to a considerable burden for patients and the health budget, GH profiles are only used in few centres. Regarding genetic causes, there is good evidence of the existence of Kowarski syndrome (due to GH1 variants) but less on the role of GHSR variants. Several genetic causes of (partial) GHI are known (GHR, STAT5B, STAT3, IGF1, IGFALS defects, and Noonan and 3M syndromes), some responding positively to GH therapy. In the final section, we speculate on hypothetical causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Wit
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Wang G, Zhang L, Yan C, Zhang Y. Upregulation of microRNA-576-5p protects from steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by suppressing ANXA2. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:49-62. [PMID: 34890298 PMCID: PMC8837248 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1988377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a common orthopedic disease. Evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) played essential roles in the development of SANFH. Nevertheless, the role of miR-576-5p in SANFH remains unknown. The rabbit SANFH models were constructed by injection of horse serum and methylprednisolone. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur (including the femoral head), pathological changes, bone cell apoptosis and expressions of OPG/RANK in femoral head bone tissue were assessed upon treatment of up-regulation of miR-576-5p or knockdown of ANXA2. Osteoblasts were extracted from SANFH rabbit femoral head and cultured. Proliferation, apoptosis and mineralization were tested upon treatment of up-regulation of miR-576-5p or knockdown of ANXA2. The targeting relationship between miR-576-5p and ANXA2 was verified. Up-regulated miR-576-5p or down-regulated ANXA2 inhibited the decrease of BMD, improved pathological changes, limited cell apoptosis and increased OPG/RANKL ratio in bone tissues of SANFH rabbits. Up-regulating miR-576-5p or down-regulating ANXA2 promoted proliferation and mineralization and inhibited apoptosis of osteoblasts from SANFH rabbits. In addition, ANXA2 was found to be a target gene of miR-576-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of ANXA2 abolished the protective role of elevated miR-576-5p against femoral head necrosis. Elevated miR-576-5p or reduced ANXA2 repressed the progression of SANFH. This study may provide novel biomarkers for SANFH diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Doan TNA, Akison LK, Bianco-Miotto T. Epigenetic Mechanisms Responsible for the Transgenerational Inheritance of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Phenotypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838737. [PMID: 35432208 PMCID: PMC9008301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A poorly functioning placenta results in impaired exchanges of oxygen, nutrition, wastes and hormones between the mother and her fetus. This can lead to restriction of fetal growth. These growth restricted babies are at increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease, later in life. Animal studies have shown that growth restricted phenotypes are sex-dependent and can be transmitted to subsequent generations through both the paternal and maternal lineages. Altered epigenetic mechanisms, specifically changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of genes that are important for fetal development have been shown to be associated with the transmission pattern of growth restricted phenotypes. This review will discuss the subsequent health outcomes in the offspring after growth restriction and the transmission patterns of these diseases. Evidence of altered epigenetic mechanisms in association with fetal growth restriction will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ngoc Anh Doan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Akison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tina Bianco-Miotto,
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15
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Kaneko K, Ito Y, Ebara T, Kato S, Matsuki T, Tamada H, Sato H, Saitoh S, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Yatsuya H, Kamijima M. High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:939366. [PMID: 35909515 PMCID: PMC9330162 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.939366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) with no catch-up growth (No-CU) are at high risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, factors leading to No-CU among SGA infants are unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal total cholesterol (TC) in mid-pregnancy and No-CU at 3 years among full-term SGA infants. STUDY DESIGN The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. We extracted a total of 2,222 mothers and full-term SGA infants (length and/or weight <-2 standard deviation [SD]) without congenital abnormalities from the original JECS cohort comprising a total of 104,062 fetal records. According to the distribution of maternal TC in the entire cohort, participants were classified into nine groups per each fifth percentile with the 20th-79th percentiles (204-260 mg/dl) as the reference group. No-CU was defined by a Z-score of height at 3 years <-2 SD according to the growth standard charts for Japanese children. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were carried out using multiple imputations. Additionally, a multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model was performed in the complete dataset. RESULTS A total of 362 (16.3%) children were No-CU at 3 years. After adjusting for the Z-score of birth weight, age of mother, smoking status, weight gain during pregnancy, breastfeeding and meal frequency at 2 years, and parents' heights, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of No-CU was 2.95 (1.28-6.80) for children whose maternal TC levels were in the highest category (≥294 mg/dl), compared to the reference group. A multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model showed a non-linear trend of the significant association between high maternal TC and No-CU (p for linear trend = 0.05, p for quadratic trend <0.05). CONCLUSION High maternal TC at mid-pregnancy was associated with No-CU among SGA infants. Such infants should be carefully followed up to introduce appropriate growth hormonal treatment. The findings may support previous animal experimental studies which indicated that maternal high-fat diet exposure induces impairment of growth and skeletal muscle development in the offspring. Future studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kaneko
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kayo Kaneko,
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taro Matsuki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hazuki Tamada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura-Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Alfano R, Robinson O, Handakas E, Nawrot TS, Vineis P, Plusquin M. Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13389. [PMID: 34816569 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in childhood obesity prevalence over the last few decades cannot merely be explained by genetics and evolutionary changes in the genome, implying that gene-environment interactions, such as epigenetic modifications, likely play a major role. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the association between epigenetics and childhood obesity. A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus engines using a combination of terms related to epigenetics and pediatric obesity. Articles studying the association between epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin and histones modification) and obesity and/or overweight (or any related anthropometric parameters) in children (0-18 years) were included. The risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies. One hundred twenty-one studies explored epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. DNA methylation was the most widely investigated mechanism (N = 101 studies), followed by non-coding RNAs (N = 19 studies) with evidence suggestive of an association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). One study, focusing on histones modification, was identified. Heterogeneity of findings may have hindered more insights into the epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. Gaps and challenges that future research should face are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alfano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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17
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Huang L, Jiang S, Xu J, Lei X, Zhang J. Associations between prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and weight catch-up in small-for-gestational-age children. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 18:e13235. [PMID: 34291873 PMCID: PMC8710114 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) was related with a higher incidence of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) births than appropriate GWG; however, the long‐term association of maternal GWG with weight catch‐up growth in SGA children remains unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the associations between prepregnancy body mass index (pBMI), GWG and weight catch‐up patterns in SGA children. Data were from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, an American multicentre prospective cohort study. A total of 56,990 gravidas were recruited at the first prenatal visit, and children were followed up until school age. Maternal pBMI, GWG and physical growth of the offspring at birth, 4 months, 1 year, 4 years and 7 years old were recorded. The latent class analysis was employed to form weight catch‐up growth patterns (appropriate, excessive, slow, regression and no catch‐up patterns) in SGA children. SGA children who developed the ‘appropriate catch‐up growth’ pattern and whose mothers had appropriate pBMI and GWG were chosen as the reference. Associations between GWG for different pBMI and weight catch‐up patterns were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 1619 infants (9.45%) were born term SGA. After adjusting for relevant confounders, compared with SGA children whose mothers had appropriate pBMI and GWG, SGA children with maternal prepregnancy underweight (for inadequate GWG, GWG below recommendations, adjusted OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.13–7.31; for appropriate/excessive GWG, adjusted OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.74–5.42) or with prepregnancy normal weight but inadequate GWG (adjusted OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36–3.38) were at a higher risk of having the ‘no catch‐up growth’ pattern. We suggest that SGA children with maternal prepregnancy underweight or inadequate GWG tend to have a poor weight catch‐up growth at least until school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Department of Child Healthcare, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Jiang
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Department of Child Healthcare, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Department of Child Healthcare, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Lei
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Prevalence of children born small for gestational age with short stature who qualify for growth hormone treatment. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:82. [PMID: 33794966 PMCID: PMC8015030 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is approved in Europe as a treatment for short children born small for gestational age (SGA) since 2003. However, no study evaluated the prevalence of SGA children with short stature who qualify for rhGH in Europe so far. This study aimed to investigate in an Italian population the prevalence of children born SGA, of short stature in children born SGA, and of SGA children who qualify for rhGH treatment at 4 years of age. METHODS We conducted a population-based study on primary care pediatricians' databases in Trieste, Italy. Data was collected on 3769 children born between 2004 and 2014. SGA was defined as birth weight and/or birth length ≤ - 2 SDS. Data on height and weight were registered at the closest well-being visit to 1, 2, 3, 4 years of age. Short stature was defined as height ≤ - 2 SDS. Short children born SGA who qualify for rhGH treatment were identified according to Note AIFA #39 criteria (age ≥ 4 years; height ≤ - 2.5 SDS; growth velocity < 50th percentile). RESULTS Full data at birth were available for 3250 children. The SGA prevalence was 3.6% (0.8% SGA for weight, 2.2% SGA for length, 0.6% SGA for both weight and length). The prevalence of short stature among SGA children was 9% at 1 year of age, 6% at 2 years (significantly higher in preterm in the first 2 years), 4% at 3 years, 3% at 4 years (all born at term). At 4 years of age, median height SDS was - 0.52. One child born SGA was eligible for GH treatment (0.8% among SGA children). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence in a general pediatric population of children born SGA who qualify for GH treatment was 1:3250. Although the prevalence of SGA in our population was similar to previous studies, catch-up growth was recorded earlier in our sample compared to previous reports, and term babies had late catch-up. Height SDS of children born SGA at 4 years of age was lower than expected (- 0.52 SDS).
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19
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Deodati A, Inzaghi E, Cianfarani S. Epigenetics and In Utero Acquired Predisposition to Metabolic Disease. Front Genet 2020; 10:1270. [PMID: 32082357 PMCID: PMC7000755 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between prenatal malnutrition and a higher risk of developing metabolic disease in adult life. An inadequate intrauterine milieu affects both growth and development, leading to a permanent programming of endocrine and metabolic functions. Programming may be due to the epigenetic modification of genes implicated in the regulation of key metabolic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The expression of miRNAs in organs that play a key role in metabolism is influenced by in utero programming, as demonstrated by both experimental and human studies. miRNAs modulate multiple pathways such as insulin signaling, immune responses, adipokine function, lipid metabolism, and food intake. Liver is one of the main target organs of programming, undergoing structural, functional, and epigenetic changes following the exposure to a suboptimal intrauterine environment. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of exposure to an adverse in utero milieu on epigenome with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in liver programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Inzaghi
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Abbott DH, Rogers J, Dumesic DA, Levine JE. Naturally Occurring and Experimentally Induced Rhesus Macaque Models for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Translational Gateways to Clinical Application. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7120107. [PMID: 31783681 PMCID: PMC6950671 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indian rhesus macaque nonhuman primate models for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) implicate both female hyperandrogenism and developmental molecular origins as core components of PCOS etiopathogenesis. Establishing and exploiting macaque models for translational impact into the clinic, however, has required multi-year, integrated basic-clinical science collaborations. Paradigm shifting insight has accrued from such concerted investment, leading to novel mechanistic understanding of PCOS, including hyperandrogenic fetal and peripubertal origins, epigenetic programming, altered neural function, defective oocytes and embryos, adipogenic constraint enhancing progression to insulin resistance, pancreatic decompensation and type 2 diabetes, together with placental compromise, all contributing to transgenerational transmission of traits likely to manifest in adult PCOS phenotypes. Our recent demonstration of PCOS-related traits in naturally hyperandrogenic (High T) female macaques additionally creates opportunities to employ whole genome sequencing to enable exploration of gene variants within human PCOS candidate genes contributing to PCOS-related traits in macaque models. This review will therefore consider Indian macaque model contributions to various aspects of PCOS-related pathophysiology, as well as the benefits of using macaque models with compellingly close homologies to the human genome, phenotype, development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-698-1953
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jon E. Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
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21
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Wang X, Peng S, Cui K, Hou F, Ding J, Li A, Wang M, Geng L. MicroRNA-576-5p enhances the invasion ability of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia by targeting TFAP2A. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1025. [PMID: 31701656 PMCID: PMC6978227 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy‐related syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and a major cause of maternal mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify early biomarkers of PE. The aim of the present study was to identify the functions of miR‐576‐5p in PE. Methods Effects of miR‐576‐5p and transcription factor AP‐2α (TFAP2A) on invasion of human trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells were investigated. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blotting were used to assess the expression of miR‐576‐5p, TFAP2A, E‐cad, and Vimentin in PE tissues and cells. Additionally, immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of TFAP2A in PE trophoblastic tissue. Subsequently, constructed miR‐576‐5p mimics, miR‐576‐5p inhibitor, and siRNA‐TFAP2A plasmids were transfected into HTR8/SVneo cells for further experiments, including a CCK‐8 assay for cell proliferation, Transwell assay for cell invasion and the luciferase reporter gene system was employed for target verification. Results A lower expression of miR‐576‐5p and a higher expression of TFAP2A were identified in PE rats. E‐cadherin was highly expressed while Vimentin was downregulated. Further statistical analysis indicated that cell proliferation of HTR8/SVneo cells decreased in the miR‐576‐5p inhibitor group and increased in the miR‐576‐5p mimics and siRNA‐TFAP2A groups. miR‐576‐5p inhibitor suppressed cell invasion, and miR‐576‐5p mimics and siRNA‐TFAP2A improved cell invasion. The analysis of luciferase reporter demonstrated a decreased luciferase activity in miR‐576‐5p mimics group compared with control group, which indicates that TFAP2A may be a target of miR‐576‐5p. Interference of TFAP2A could downregulate E‐cadherin and upregulate Vimentin expression. Conclusion Overexpression of miR‐576‐5p and knockdown of TFAP2A may elevate cell proliferation and invasion of human trophoblast cells in vitro. Therefore, miR‐576‐5p may be used as a notable biomarker for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of PE. miR‐576‐5p targeting TFAP2A deserve further investigation in order to explore their potential role in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Fangjuan Hou
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Ali Li
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
| | - Li Geng
- Department of Medical, The 987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, Shannxi, China
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22
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Mas-Parés B, Xargay-Torrent S, Bonmatí A, Lizarraga-Mollinedo E, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, Carreras-Badosa G, Prats-Puig A, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. Umbilical Cord miRNAs in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children and Association With Catch-Up Growth: A Pilot Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5285-5298. [PMID: 31125087 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Catch-up growth in infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) is a risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. The basis and mechanisms underpinning catch-up growth in newborns who are SGA are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify umbilical cord miRNAs associated with catch-up growth in infants who are SGA and study their relationship with offspring's cardiometabolic parameters. DESIGN miRNA PCR panels were used to study the miRNA profile in umbilical cord tissue of five infants who were SGA with catch-up (SGA-CU), five without catch-up (SGA-nonCU), and five control infants [appropriate for gestational age (AGA)]. The miRNAs with the smallest nominal P values were validated in 64 infants (22 AGA, 18 SGA-nonCU, and 24 SGA-CU) and correlated with anthropometric parameters at 1 (n = 64) and 6 years of age (n = 30). RESULTS miR-501-3p, miR-576-5p, miR-770-5p, and miR-876-3p had nominally significant associations with increased weight, height, weight catch-up, and height catch-up at 1 year, and miR-374b-3p, miR-548c-5p, and miR-576-5p had nominally significant associations with increased weight, height, waist, hip, and renal fat at 6 years. Multivariate analysis suggested miR-576-5p as a predictor of weight catch-up and height catch-up at 1 year, as well as weight, waist, and renal fat at 6 years. In silico studies suggested that miR-576-5p participates in the regulation of inflammatory, growth, and proliferation signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Umbilical cord miRNAs could be novel biomarkers for the early identification of catch-up growth in infants who are SGA. miR-576-5p may contribute to the regulation of postnatal growth and influence the risk for cardiometabolic diseases associated with a mismatch between prenatal and postnatal weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Mas-Parés
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- Department of Physical Therapy, University School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Girona (EUSES-UdG), Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Salt, Spain
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Renes JS, van Doorn J, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Current Insights into the Role of the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 92:15-27. [PMID: 31509834 PMCID: PMC6979433 DOI: 10.1159/000502739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reason for the insufficient catch-up growth seen in 10% of children born small for gestational age (SGA) is poorly understood. Disturbances in the growth hormone (GH) - insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis might underlie this failure to show sufficient catch-up growth. CONCLUSION This review summarizes insights gained in the molecular and (epi) genetic mechanisms of the GH-IGF axis in short children born SGA. The most notable anomalies of the IGF system are the lowered IGF-I levels in both cord blood and the placenta, and the increased expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-2, which inhibit IGF-I, in the placenta of SGA neonates. These observations suggest a decreased bioactivity of IGF-I in utero. IGF-I levels remain reduced in SGA children with short stature, as well as IGFBP-3 and acid-labile subunit levels. Proteolysis of IGFBP-3 appears to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Renes
- Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Jaap van Doorn
- Department of Genetics, Section of Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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