1
|
Dumesic DA, Abbott DH, Chazenbalk GD. An Evolutionary Model for the Ancient Origins of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6120. [PMID: 37834765 PMCID: PMC10573644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and insulin resistance and closely linked with preferential abdominal fat accumulation. As an ancestral primate trait, PCOS was likely further selected in humans when scarcity of food in hunter-gatherers of the late Pleistocene additionally programmed for enhanced fat storage to meet the metabolic demands of reproduction in later life. As an evolutionary model for PCOS, healthy normal-weight women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cells that favor fat storage through exaggerated lipid accumulation during development to adipocytes in vitro. In turn, fat storage is counterbalanced by reduced insulin sensitivity and preferential accumulation of highly lipolytic intra-abdominal fat in vivo. This metabolic adaptation in PCOS balances energy storage with glucose availability and fatty acid oxidation for optimal energy use during reproduction; its accompanying oligo-anovulation allowed PCOS women from antiquity sufficient time and strength for childrearing of fewer offspring with a greater likelihood of childhood survival. Heritable PCOS characteristics are affected by today's contemporary environment through epigenetic events that predispose women to lipotoxicity, with excess weight gain and pregnancy complications, calling for an emphasis on preventive healthcare to optimize the long-term, endocrine-metabolic health of PCOS women in today's obesogenic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - David H. Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Gregorio D. Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dumesic DA, Turcu AF, Liu H, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Lu G, Dharanipragada D, Chazenbalk GD. Interplay of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Abdominal Fat Mass in Normal-weight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad079. [PMID: 37404244 PMCID: PMC10315644 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis underlie endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adipocytes express aldo-keto reductase 1C3 and type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which modulate peripheral androgen and cortisol production. Objectives To compare serum adrenal steroids, including 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), cortisol, and cortisone between normal-weight women with PCOS and body mass index- and age-matched ovulatory women with normal-androgenic profiles (controls), and assess whether adrenal steroids associate with abdominal adipose deposition. Design Prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Twenty normal-weight women with PCOS and 20 body mass index-/age-matched controls. Interventions Blood sampling, IV glucose tolerance testing, and total-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcome Measures Clinical characteristics, hormonal concentrations, and body fat distribution. Results Women with PCOS had higher serum total/free testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4) levels and a greater android/gynoid fat mass than controls (androgens P < .001; android/gynoid fat mass ratio, P = .026). Serum total/free T and A4 levels correlated positively with android/gynoid fat mass ratio in all women combined (P < .025, all values). Serum 11ß-hydroxyA4, 11-ketoA4, 11ß-hydroxyT, 11-ketoT, cortisol, and cortisone levels were comparable between female types and unrelated to body fat distribution. Serum 11-oxyandrogens correlated negatively with % total body fat, but lost significance adjusting for cortisol. Serum cortisol levels, however, correlated inversely with android fat mass (P = .021), with a trend toward reduced serum cortisol to cortisone ratio in women with PCOS vs controls (P = .075), suggesting diminished 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Conclusion Reduced cortisol may protect against preferential abdominal fat mass in normal-weight PCOS women with normal serum 11-oxyandrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Correspondence: Daniel A Dumesic, MD, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 22-178 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Haiping Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Gwyneth Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Devyani Dharanipragada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dumesic DA, Winnett C, Lu G, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Naik R, Chazenbalk GD. Randomized clinical trial: effect of low-dose flutamide on abdominal adipogenic function in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2023; 119:116-126. [PMID: 36400597 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether low-dose flutamide administration to normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) reduces abdominal fat deposition, attenuates accelerated lipid accumulation in newly formed adipocytes derived from subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cells (ASCs), and/or alters glucose-lipid metabolism. DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. SETTING An academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Twelve normal-weight women with PCOS and 12 age- and body mass index-matched controls. INTERVENTION(S) Women underwent circulating hormonal and metabolic determinations, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total body dual-energy roentgenogram absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. Interventions were repeated in women with PCOS after 6-month administration of flutamide (125 mg orally daily) vs. placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Clinical parameters and lipid accumulation in newly formed adipocytes derived from SC abdominal ASCs in vitro were compared between controls and the women with PCOS receiving flutamide vs. placebo. RESULTS Serum luteinizing hormone and androgen levels as well as lipid accumulation in newly formed SC abdominal adipocytes were greater in the women with PCOS than controls. Flutamide vs. placebo reduced percent android fat, lowered serum log low-density lipoprotein and log non-high-density lipoprotein levels, and increased fasting circulating glucose levels. In all women with PCOS, changes in percent android fat positively correlated with serum log non-high-density lipoprotein and log low-density lipoprotein levels, with correlations influenced by serum free testosterone levels. Flutamide vs. placebo also attenuated lipid accumulation in newly-formed PCOS SC abdominal adipocytes in vitro relative to controls, which was unrelated to serum lipid levels. CONCLUSION Low-dose flutamide administration to normal-weight PCOS women reduces preferential abdominal fat deposition, attenuates accelerated lipid accumulation in newly-formed adipocytes derived from SC abdominal ASCs in vitro, and alters glucose-lipid homeostasis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01889199 (URL, clinicaltrials.gov; date of registration, 6/28/2013; enrollment date of first subject, 6/28/2013).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Chloe Winnett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gwyneth Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rajanigandha Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Winnett C, Lu G, Grogan TR, Naik R, Abbott DH, Chazenbalk GD, Dumesic DA. LOW-DOSE FLUTAMIDE ALTERS ABDOMINAL ADIPOGENIC FUNCTION IN NORMAL-WEIGHT POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME WOMEN (PCOS); A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Zhou R, Bruns CM, Bird IM, Kemnitz JW, Dumesic DA, Abbott DH. Experimentally Induced Hyperinsulinemia Fails to Induce Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-like Traits in Female Rhesus Macaques. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052635. [PMID: 35269778 PMCID: PMC8910161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hyperinsulinemia is associated with anovulation in PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys. Insulin sensitizers ameliorate hyperinsulinemia and stimulate ovulatory menstrual cycles in PCOS-like monkeys. To determine whether hyperinsulinemia (>694 pmol/L), alone, induces PCOS-like traits, five PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys with minimal PCOS-like traits, and four control females of similar mid-to-late reproductive years and body mass index, received daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human insulin or diluent for 6−7 months. A cross-over experimental design enabled use of the same monkeys in each treatment phase. Insulin treatment unexpectedly normalized follicular phase duration in PCOS-like, but not control, females. In response to an intramuscular injection of 200 IU hCG, neither prenatally androgenized nor control females demonstrated ovarian hyperandrogenic responses while receiving insulin. An intravenous GnRH (100 ng/kg) injection also did not reveal evidence of hypergonadotropism. Taken together, these results suggest that experimentally induced adult hyperinsulinemia, alone, is insufficient to induce PCOS-like traits in female rhesus monkeys and to amplify intrinsic PCOS-like pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rao Zhou
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (R.Z.); (J.W.K.)
- Endocrinology Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Cristin M. Bruns
- Departments of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Endocrinology Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (R.Z.); (J.W.K.)
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - David H. Abbott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (R.Z.); (J.W.K.)
- Endocrinology Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dumesic DA, Padmanabhan V, Chazenbalk GD, Abbott DH. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a plausible evolutionary outcome of metabolic adaptation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:12. [PMID: 35012577 PMCID: PMC8744313 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is linked with insulin resistance through preferential abdominal fat accumulation that is worsened by obesity. Over the past two millennia, menstrual irregularity, male-type habitus and sub-infertility have been described in women and confirm that these clinical features of PCOS were common in antiquity. Recent findings in normal-weight hyperandrogenic PCOS women show that exaggerated lipid accumulation by subcutaneous (SC) abdominal stem cells during development to adipocytes in vitro occurs in combination with reduced insulin sensitivity and preferential accumulation of highly-lipolytic intra-abdominal fat in vivo. This PCOS phenotype may be an evolutionary metabolic adaptation to balance energy storage with glucose availability and fatty acid oxidation for optimal energy use during reproduction. This review integrates fundamental endocrine-metabolic changes in healthy, normal-weight PCOS women with similar PCOS-like traits present in animal models in which tissue differentiation is completed during fetal life as in humans to support the evolutionary concept that PCOS has common ancestral and developmental origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 22-178 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Gregorio D. Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Room 22-178 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - David H. Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dumesic DA, Tulberg A, McNamara M, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Naik R, Lu G, Chazenbalk GD. Serum Testosterone to Androstenedione Ratio Predicts Metabolic Health in Normal-Weight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab158. [PMID: 34661039 PMCID: PMC8513761 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Increased aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3)-mediated conversion of androstenedione (A4) to testosterone (T) promotes lipid storage in subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose in overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. Objective This work examines whether an elevated serum T/A4 ratio, as a marker of enhanced AKR1C3 activity in SC abdominal adipose, predicts metabolic function in normal-weight PCOS women. Methods This prospective cohort study took place in an academic center and comprised 19 normal-weight PCOS women and 21 age- and body mass index–matched controls. Interventions included circulating hormone/metabolic determinations, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. Serum T/A4 ratios, hormone/metabolic measures, and AKR1C3 expression of adipocytes matured in vitro were compared between female types; serum T/A4 ratios were correlated with serum lipids, adipose insulin resistance (adipose-IR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (Si). Results Increased serum T/A4 ratios (P = .040) and log adipose-IR values (P = .002) in PCOS women vs controls were accompanied by AKR1C3 messenger RNA overexpression of PCOS adipocytes matured in vitro (P = .016). Serum T/A4 ratios in PCOS women, but not controls, negatively correlated with log triglycerides (TGs: R = –0.65, P = .002) and the TG index (R = –0.57, P = .011). Adjusting for serum free T, serum T/A4 ratios in PCOS women remained negatively correlated with log TG (R = –0.57, P = .013) and TG index (R = –0.50, P = .036), respectively, without significant relationships with other metabolic measures. Conclusion An elevated serum T/A4 ratio, as a marker of enhanced AKR1C3 activity in SC abdominal adipose, predicts healthy metabolic function in normal-weight PCOS women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ayli Tulberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Megan McNamara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- OB/GYN, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
| | - Rajanigandha Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gwyneth Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoyos LR, Visser JA, McLuskey A, Chazenbalk GD, Grogan TR, Dumesic DA. Loss of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) immunoactivity due to a homozygous AMH gene variant rs10417628 in a woman with classical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2294-2302. [PMID: 32918081 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of pre-antral and small antral ovarian follicles. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), higher levels of serum AMH are usually encountered due to the ample presence of small antral follicles and a high AMH production per follicular unit which have led to the proposal of AMH as a serum diagnostic marker for PCOS or as a surrogate for polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). However, heterozygous coding mutations of the AMH gene with decreased in vitro bioactivity have been described in some women with PCOS. Such mutation carriers have a trend toward reduced serum AMH levels compared to noncarriers, although both types of women with PCOS have similar circulating gonadotropin and testosterone (T) levels. This report describes a normal-weight woman with PCOS by NIH criteria with severely reduced AMH levels (index woman with PCOS). Our objective was to examine the molecular basis for her reduced serum AMH levels and to compare her endocrine characteristics to similar-weight women with PCOS and detectable AMH levels. Twenty normoandrogenic ovulatory (control) and 13 age- and BMI-matched women with PCOS (19-35 years; 19-25 kg/m2) underwent transvaginal sonography and serum hormone measures including gonadotropins, sex hormone-binding globulin, total and free T, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estrone, estradiol and AMH. The latter was measured by ELISA (Pico-AMH: Ansh Labs, Webster, TX, USA). Women with PCOS and detectable AMH had higher serum AMH (10.82 (6.74-13.40) ng/ml, median (interquartile range)), total and free T (total T: 55.5 (49.5-62.5) ng/dl; free T: 5.65 (4.75-6.6) pg/ml) levels and greater total antral follicle count (AFC) (46 (39-59) follicles) than controls (AMH: 4.03 (2.47-6.11) ng/ml; total T: 30 (24.5-34.5) ng/dl; free T: 2.2 (1.8-2.45) pg/ml; AFC 16 (14.5-21.5) follicles, P < 0.05, all values), along with a trend toward LH hypersecretion (P = 0.06). The index woman with PCOS had severely reduced serum AMH levels (∼0.1 ng/ml), although she also had a typical NIH-defined PCOS phenotype resembling that of the other women with PCOS and elevated AMH levels. All women with PCOS, including the index woman with PCOS, exhibited LH hypersecretion, hyperandrogenism, reduced serum estrogen/androgen ratios and PCOM. A homozygous Ala515Val variant (rs10417628) in the mature region of AMH was identified in the index woman with PCOS. Recombinant hAMH-515Val displayed normal processing and bioactivity, yet had severely reduced immunoactivity when measured by the commercial pico-AMH ELISA assay by Ansh Labs. In conclusion, homozygous AMH variant rs10417628 may severely impair serum AMH immunoactivity without affecting its bioactivity or PCOS phenotypic expression. Variants in AMH can interfere with serum AMH immunoactivity without affecting the phenotype in PCOS. This observation can be accompanied by discordance between AMH immunoactivity and bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Hoyos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent reproductive-metabolic disorder with poorly understood etiology. Mimouni et al. (2021) demonstrate global genomic DNA hypomethylation in women with PCOS and their daughters, and in F3 generation PCOS-like mice, together with substantial normalization of PCOS-like mice by methyl donor dietary supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dumesic DA, Tulberg A, Leung KL, Fisch SC, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Naik R, Chazenbalk GD. Accelerated subcutaneous abdominal stem cell adipogenesis predicts insulin sensitivity in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2020; 116:232-242. [PMID: 33341231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell differentiation into adipocytes in vitro predicts insulin sensitivity (Si) in vivo in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Eight normal-weight women with PCOS and 8 age- and body mass index-matched controls. INTERVENTION(S) Women underwent circulating hormone/metabolic determinations, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PPARγ and CEBPa gene expression and lipid content of adipocytes matured in vitro were compared between women with PCOS and control women, and correlated with patient characteristics, systemic Si, and adipose insulin resistance (adipose-IR). RESULT(S) Serum androgen levels, adipose-IR, and percentage of android fat were greater in women with PCOS than control women. Stem cell PPARγ and CEBPa gene expression increased maximally by day 12 without a female-type effect. In control cells, gene expression positively correlated with fasting serum insulin levels (both genes) and adipose-IR (CEBPa) and negatively correlated with Si (CEBPa). Conversely, CEBPa gene expression in PCOS cells negatively correlated with adipose-IR and serum free testosterone, whereas total lipid accumulation in these cells positively corelated with Si. CONCLUSION In normal-weight women with PCOS, accelerated SC abdominal adipose stem cell differentiation into adipocytes in vitro favors Si in vivo, suggesting a role for hyperandrogenism in the evolution of metabolic thrift to enhance fat storage through increased cellular glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ayli Tulberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen L Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samantha C Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Abbott
- OB/GYN, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rajanigandha Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abbott DH, Dumesic DA. Midgestation origins of androgenic and estrogenic pathophysiology in three major women's health disorders. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:1183-1184. [PMID: 32919706 PMCID: PMC8131034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National
Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leung KL, Sanchita S, Pham CT, Davis BA, Okhovat M, Ding X, Dumesic P, Grogan TR, Williams KJ, Morselli M, Ma F, Carbone L, Li X, Pellegrini M, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk GD. Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility, altered adipogenic gene expression, and total versus de novo fatty acid synthesis in subcutaneous adipose stem cells of normal-weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women during adipogenesis: evidence of cellular programming. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:181. [PMID: 33228780 PMCID: PMC7686698 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal-weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women exhibit adipose resistance in vivo accompanied by enhanced subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell (ASC) development to adipocytes with accelerated lipid accumulation per cell in vitro. The present study examines chromatin accessibility, RNA expression and fatty acid (FA) synthesis during SC abdominal ASC differentiation into adipocytes in vitro of normal-weight PCOS versus age- and body mass index-matched normoandrogenic ovulatory (control) women to study epigenetic/genetic characteristics as well as functional alterations of PCOS and control ASCs during adipogenesis. Results SC abdominal ASCs from PCOS women versus controls exhibited dynamic chromatin accessibility during adipogenesis, from significantly less chromatin accessibility at day 0 to greater chromatin accessibility by day 12, with enrichment of binding motifs for transcription factors (TFs) of the AP-1 subfamily at days 0, 3, and 12. In PCOS versus control cells, expression of genes governing adipocyte differentiation (PPARγ, CEBPα, AGPAT2) and function (ADIPOQ, FABP4, LPL, PLIN1, SLC2A4) was increased two–sixfold at days 3, 7, and 12, while that involving Wnt signaling (FZD1, SFRP1, and WNT10B) was decreased. Differential gene expression in PCOS cells at these time points involved triacylglycerol synthesis, lipid oxidation, free fatty acid beta-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation of the TCA cycle, with TGFB1 as a significant upstream regulator. There was a broad correspondence between increased chromatin accessibility and increased RNA expression of those 12 genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and function, Wnt signaling, as well as genes involved in the triacylglycerol synthesis functional group at day 12 of adipogenesis. Total content and de novo synthesis of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), and oleic (C18:1) acid increased from day 7 to day 12 in all cells, with total content and de novo synthesis of FAs significantly greater in PCOS than controls cells at day 12. Conclusions In normal-weight PCOS women, dynamic chromatin remodeling of SC abdominal ASCs during adipogenesis may enhance adipogenic gene expression as a programmed mechanism to promote greater fat storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Smriti Sanchita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine T Pham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brett A Davis
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mariam Okhovat
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiangming Ding
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medical Information and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Xinmin Li
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dumesic DA, Hoyos LR, Chazenbalk GD, Naik R, Padmanabhan V, Abbott DH. Mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproduction 2020; 159:R1-R13. [PMID: 31376813 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental origins of adult disease (DoHAD) refers to critical gestational ages during human fetal development and beyond when the endocrine metabolic status of the mother can permanently program the physiology and/or morphology of the fetus, modifying its susceptibility to disease after birth. The aim of this review is to address how DoHAD plays an important role in the phenotypic expression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy of women characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. Clinical studies of PCOS women are integrated with findings from relevant animal models to show how intergenerational transmission of these central components of PCOS are programmed through an altered maternal endocrine-metabolic environment that adversely affects the female fetus and long-term offspring health. Prenatal testosterone treatment in monkeys and sheep have been particularly crucial in our understanding of developmental programming of PCOS because organ system differentiation in these species, as in humans, occurs during fetal life. These animal models, along with altricial rodents, produce permanent PCOS-like phenotypes variably characterized by LH hypersecretion from reduced steroid-negative feedback, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, increased adiposity, impaired glucose-insulin homeostasis and other metabolic abnormalities. The review concludes that DoHAD underlies the phenotypic expression of PCOS through an altered maternal endocrine-metabolic environment that can induce epigenetic modifications of fetal genetic susceptibility to PCOS after birth. It calls for improved maternal endocrine-metabolic health of PCOS women to lower their risks of pregnancy-related complications and to potentially reduce intergenerational susceptibility to PCOS and its metabolic derangements in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis R Hoyos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajanigandha Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dumesic DA. In memoriam: Robert B. Jaffe, M.D., an icon for the ages. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Dumesic DA, Tulberg A, Leung KL, Fisch SC, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Naik R, Chazenbalk GD. SUBCUTANEOUS ABDOMINAL STEM CELL ADIPOGENESIS PREDICTS METABOLIC IMPROVEMENTS IN NORMAL-WEIGHT POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME WOMEN. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Abbott DH, Levine JE, Dumesic DA. Androgen Receptors in Multiple Organ Systems Provide Molecular Gateways to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5856441. [PMID: 32530028 PMCID: PMC7446857 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- Correspondence: David H. Abbott, PhD, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715. E-mail:
| | - Jon E Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stener-Victorin E, Padmanabhan V, Walters KA, Campbell RE, Benrick A, Giacobini P, Dumesic DA, Abbott DH. Animal Models to Understand the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:bnaa010. [PMID: 32310267 PMCID: PMC7279705 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 1 out of 10 women worldwide are diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the leading cause of female reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Despite its high prevalence, PCOS and its accompanying morbidities are likely underdiagnosed, averaging > 2 years and 3 physicians before women are diagnosed. Although it has been intensively researched, the underlying cause(s) of PCOS have yet to be defined. In order to understand PCOS pathophysiology, its developmental origins, and how to predict and prevent PCOS onset, there is an urgent need for safe and effective markers and treatments. In this review, we detail which animal models are more suitable for contributing to our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS. We summarize and highlight advantages and limitations of hormonal or genetic manipulation of animal models, as well as of naturally occurring PCOS-like females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hoyos LR, Visser JA, McLuskey A, Chazenbalk GD, Grogan TR, Dumesic DA. SUN-008 Loss of Antimullerian Hormone Immunoreactivity Due to a Homozygous AMH Gene Mutation Rs10417628 in a Woman with Classical Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7209678 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), an inhibitor of primordial/small antral follicle development and Leydig cell androgen synthesis in mice, could exaggerate the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype, given reports of PCOS-specific AMH loss-of-function mutations (1–3). This report describes a normal-weight PCOS woman with severely reduced AMH levels (index PCOS woman). It examines the molecular basis for her reduced serum AMH levels and also compares her endocrine characteristics to similar-weight PCOS women with detectable AMH. Twenty normo-androgenic ovulatory (control) and 13 age- and body mass index-matched PCOS women (19–35 years; 19–25 kg/m2) underwent transvaginal sonography and serum hormone measures. Wilcoxon rank-sum test compared clinical features of control and PCOS women with detectable AMH, which were then individually ranked by magnitude in all PCOS women. DNA analysis was performed by PCR amplification with direct gene sequencing. The identified mutation was introduced in hAMH-expression plasmids for functional analysis of AMH processing in HEK293 cells by Western blot and ELISA (pico-AMH assay, Ansh Labs, Webster, TX), and for bioactivity in KK-1/AMHR2 cells using a luciferase reporter. Unpaired t-test compared AMH-induced luciferase activity between wild type and mutant AMH. A homozygous AMH gene mutation rs10417628 involving a single base pair substitution in exon 5 (NG_012190.1:g.7705C>T, p.(Ala515Val)) was identified in the index PCOS woman. PCOS women with detectable AMH had higher serum AMH (10.82 [6.74–13.40] ng/mL, Median [IQR]), total/free testosterone (T) (total T: 55.5 [49.5–62.5] ng/dL; fT: 5.65 [4.75–6.6] pg/mL) levels and greater total antral follicle numbers (AFNs) (46 [39–59] follicles) than controls (AMH: 4.03 [2.47–6.11] ng/ml; total T: 30 [24.5–34.5] ng/dL; fT: 2.2 [1.8–2.45] pg/mL; AFNs 16 [14.5–21.5] follicles, P<0.05, all values), along with a trend toward LH hypersecretion (P=0.06). The index PCOS woman with the lowest AMH levels (0.1 ng/ml) did not have the highest serum total T/fT (total T: 89 ng/dL; fT: 7 pg/mL,) or LH levels nor the greatest AFN (43 follicles). In vitro analysis of cells expressing hAMH-515Val or hAMH-515Ala showed that hAMH515-Val, in contrast to hAMH515-Ala, was undetectable and severely reduced in the pico-AMH assay in cell lysates and supernatants, respectively. AMH protein processing and AMH-induced luciferase activity, however, did not differ between hAMH515Val and hAMH515Ala. Thus, homozygous AMH mutation rs10417628 in a PCOS woman can impair serum AMH immunoreactivity without affecting AMH bioactivity, perhaps because of conformational changes from the mutation that only interfere with its immunodetection but not its function. References: 1. Teixeira J, et al. Endocrinology 1999;140:4732 2. Gorsic LK et al. JCEM 2019;104:2855 3. Broekmans FJ, et al. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008;19:340
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoyos LR, Putra M, Armstrong AA, Cheng CY, Riestenberg CK, Schooler TA, Dumesic DA. Measures of Patient Dissatisfaction With Health Care in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16541. [PMID: 32314967 PMCID: PMC7201322 DOI: 10.2196/16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder in women; however, many clinicians may not be well versed in scientific advances that aid understanding of the associated reproductive, metabolic, and psychological abnormalities. Women with PCOS are dissatisfied with health care providers, the diagnostic process, and the initial treatment of PCOS and seek information through alternative sources. This has affected the patient-physician relationship by allowing medical information acquired through the internet, whether correct or not, to become accessible to patients and reshape their health care perspective. Patient dissatisfaction with health care providers regarding PCOS raises questions about the responsibilities of academic institutions to adequately train and maintain the competence of clinicians and government agencies to sufficiently support scientific investigation in this field. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to examine internet searching behaviors of the public regarding PCOS vs another highly prevalent gynecologic disorder. The secondary aim was to explore satisfaction with health care among patients with PCOS and their internet use. The tertiary aim was to examine medical education in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) during obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residency as a proxy for physician knowledge in this field. METHODS Google search trends and StoryBase quantified monthly Google absolute search volumes for search terms related to PCOS and fibroids (January 2004 to December 2017; United States). The reproductive disorder, fibroids, was selected as a comparison group because of its high prevalence among women. Between female groups, monthly absolute search volumes and their trends were compared. A Web-based questionnaire (June 2015 to March 2018) explored health care experiences and the internet use of women with PCOS. REI rotation information during Ob/Gyn residency in the United States was obtained from the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics website. RESULTS For PCOS (R=0.89; P<.01), but not fibroids (R=0.09; P=.25), monthly absolute search volumes increased significantly. PCOS-related monthly absolute search volumes (mean 384,423 searches, SD 88,756) were significantly greater than fibroid-related monthly absolute search volumes (mean 348,502 searches, SD 37,317; P<.05). PCOS was diagnosed by an Ob/Gyn in 60.9% (462/759) of patients, and 57.3% (435/759) of patients were dissatisfied with overall care. Among patients with PCOS, 98.2% (716/729) searched for PCOS on the Web but only 18.8% (143/729) of patients joined an online PCOS support group or forum. On average, Ob/Gyn residencies dedicated only 4% (2/43) of total block time to REI, whereas 5.5% (11/200) of such residencies did not offer any REI rotations. CONCLUSIONS Over time, PCOS has been increasingly searched on the Web compared with another highly prevalent gynecologic disorder. Patients with PCOS are dissatisfied with their health care providers, who would benefit from an improved understanding of PCOS during Ob/Gyn residency training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Hoyos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manesha Putra
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail A Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Connie Y Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carrie K Riestenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tery A Schooler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoyos LR, Tulberg A, Naik R, Del Canto I, Chazenbalk G, Grogan TR, Dumesic DA. CUMULUS CELL MITOCHONDRIAL RESISTANCE TO STRESS AS A MARKER OF CUMULUS-OOCYTE COMPLEX MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Dumesic DA, Wood JR, Abbott DH, Strauss JF. A primate perspective on oocytes and transgenerational PCOS. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40:765-767. [PMID: 32312513 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
'Androgenized' rodent models are widely used to explore the pathophysiology underlying human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Based on a recent study using a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated murine model, it has been proposed that prenatal androgen excess alone can predispose to transgenerational transmission of PCOS. From RNA sequencing analysis of metaphase II (MII) oocytes of androgenized lineages, the authors speculated that oocyte factors, including up-regulation of cytotoxic granulosa-associated RNA binding protein-like 1 (TiaL1), are sufficient to promote disease transfer across generations. Although this is an intriguing concept, it was not considered in the context of earlier publications in which the transcriptomes of human MII oocytes from PCOS women undergoing IVF were compared with women without PCOS. In one of these papers, a number of differentially expressed genes in PCOS MII oocytes (TIAL1 was not differentially expressed) were found to have putative response elements in their promoters for androgen receptors and peroxisome proliferating receptor gamma, providing a mechanism for how excess androgens and/or metabolic defects associated with PCOS might affect female germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 22-178 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, ANSC, A224k, UNL, Lincoln 68583, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Medical Centre, 1201 E. Marshall St, #4-100, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abbott DH, Rogers J, Dumesic DA, Levine JE. Naturally Occurring and Experimentally Induced Rhesus Macaque Models for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Translational Gateways to Clinical Application. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7120107. [PMID: 31783681 PMCID: PMC6950671 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indian rhesus macaque nonhuman primate models for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) implicate both female hyperandrogenism and developmental molecular origins as core components of PCOS etiopathogenesis. Establishing and exploiting macaque models for translational impact into the clinic, however, has required multi-year, integrated basic-clinical science collaborations. Paradigm shifting insight has accrued from such concerted investment, leading to novel mechanistic understanding of PCOS, including hyperandrogenic fetal and peripubertal origins, epigenetic programming, altered neural function, defective oocytes and embryos, adipogenic constraint enhancing progression to insulin resistance, pancreatic decompensation and type 2 diabetes, together with placental compromise, all contributing to transgenerational transmission of traits likely to manifest in adult PCOS phenotypes. Our recent demonstration of PCOS-related traits in naturally hyperandrogenic (High T) female macaques additionally creates opportunities to employ whole genome sequencing to enable exploration of gene variants within human PCOS candidate genes contributing to PCOS-related traits in macaque models. This review will therefore consider Indian macaque model contributions to various aspects of PCOS-related pathophysiology, as well as the benefits of using macaque models with compellingly close homologies to the human genome, phenotype, development and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-698-1953
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jon E. Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abbott DH, Kraynak M, Dumesic DA, Levine JE. In utero Androgen Excess: A Developmental Commonality Preceding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? Front Horm Res 2019; 53:1-17. [PMID: 31499494 DOI: 10.1159/000494899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In utero androgen excess reliably induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like reproductive and metabolic traits in female monkeys, sheep, rats, and mice. In humans, however, substantial technical and ethical constraints on fetal sampling have curtailed safe, pathogenic exploration during gestation. Evidence consistent with in utero origins for PCOS in humans has thus been slow to amass, but the balance now leans toward developmental fetal origins. Given that PCOS is familial and highly heritable, difficulties encountered in discerning genetic contributions to PCOS pathogenesis are puzzling and, to date, accounts for <10% of PCOS presentations. Unaccounted heritability notwithstanding, molecular commonality in pathogenic mechanisms is emerging, suggested by co-occurrence at the same gene loci of (1) PCOS genetic variants (PCOS women), (2) epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (PCOS women), and (3) bioinformatics, gene networks-identified, epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation (female rhesus monkeys exposed to testosterone (T) in utero). In addition, naturally occurring hyperandrogenism in female monkeys singles out individuals with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic traits accompanied by somatic biomarkers of in utero T exposure. Such phenotypic and molecular convergence between highly related species suggests not only dual genetic and epigenetic contributions to a developmental origin of PCOS but also common molecular pathogenesis extending beyond humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, .,Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,
| | - Marissa Kraynak
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hoyos LR, Visser JA, McLuskey A, Chazenbalk G, Grogan TR, Dumesic DA. Homozygous antimullerian hormone (AMH) gene mutation rs10417628 in a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) woman with exaggerated hyperandrogenism. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Dumesic DA, Phan JD, Leung KL, Grogan TR, Ding X, Li X, Hoyos LR, Abbott DH, Chazenbalk GD. Adipose Insulin Resistance in Normal-Weight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2171-2183. [PMID: 30649347 PMCID: PMC6482023 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipose-IR). OBJECTIVE To examine whether adipose-IR and subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell (ASC) gene expression are altered in normal-weight women with PCOS and correlated with hyperandrogenemia and/or whole-body IR. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Ten normal-weight women with PCOS and 18 control subjects matched for age and body mass index. INTERVENTION(S) Women underwent circulating hormone and metabolic measurements, IV glucose tolerance testing, total-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Adipose-IR (fasting insulin × total fatty acid levels) and SC abdominal ASC gene expression were compared between groups and correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Adipose-IR was greater in women with PCOS than in control subjects (P < 0.01), with 29 pmol/L × mmol/L providing 94% specificity and 80% sensitivity in discriminating the two groups (P < 0.001). Adipose-IR positively correlated with serum androgen and log of fasting triglyceride (TG) levels, percentage of small adipocytes (P < 0.01, all correlations), and acute insulin response to glucose (P < 0.05); and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (Si; P < 0.025) and serum adiponectin levels (P < 0.05). Adjusting for serum androgens, adipose-IR correlations with Si and log TG levels remained significant. ASC genes were differentially expressed by the two groups. Expression of functionally critical genes was associated with serum testosterone and/or fasting insulin levels. CONCLUSION Normal-weight women with PCOS have increased adipose-IR and altered ASC gene expression related to hyperandrogenism and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Daniel A. Dumesic, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 22-178 CHS, Los Angeles, California 90095. E-mail:
| | - Julia D Phan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen L Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiangmiang Ding
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinmin Li
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luis R Hoyos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fisch SC, Nikou AF, Wright EA, Phan JD, Leung KL, Grogan TR, Abbott DH, Chazenbalk GD, Dumesic DA. Precocious subcutaneous abdominal stem cell development to adipocytes in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:1367-1376. [PMID: 30503136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether abnormal subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose stem cell (ASC) development to adipocytes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) correlates with hyperandrogenism. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Eight normal-weight women with PCOS and eight normoandrogenic ovulatory (control) women matched for age and body mass index. INTERVENTION(S) Circulating hormone and metabolic measurements, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and SC abdominal fat biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) In vitro ASC commitment to preadipocytes (ZFP423 protein expression, day 0.5), preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes (PPARγ gene expression, day 3) and adipocyte lipid content (Oil-Red-O fluorescence, day 12) comparisons correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULT(S) In women with PCOS, SC abdominal ASCs compared with those of control women showed exaggerated commitment to preadipocytes and had greater lipid content in newly formed adipocytes after in vitro maturation. In all women combined, ZFP423 protein expression negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels whereas the lipid content of newly formed adipocytes positively correlated with both PPARγ gene expression and serum free testosterone levels. CONCLUSION(S) In normal-weight women with PCOS compared with the control group, exaggerated SC abdominal ASC commitment to preadipocytes and enhanced adipocyte lipid content during maturation in vitro negatively and positively correlate with circulating fasting glucose and androgen levels, respectively, as a possible mechanism to maintain glucose-insulin homeostasis when fat accretion is accelerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ariella Farzan Nikou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth A Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia D Phan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen L Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Levine JE. Hyperandrogenic origins of polycystic ovary syndrome - implications for pathophysiology and therapy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:131-143. [PMID: 30767580 PMCID: PMC6992448 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1576522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis comprises combinations of female hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovaries. While it is a familial and highly prevalent endocrine disorder, progress towards a cure is hindered by absence of a definitive pathogenic mechanism and lack of an animal model of naturally occurring PCOS. AREAS COVERED These include an overview of PCOS and its potential etiology, and an examination of insights gained into its pathogenic origins. Animal models derived from experimentally-induced hyperandrogenism during gestation, or from naturally-occurring PCOS-like traits, most reliably demonstrate reproductive, neuroendocrine and metabolic pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Genetic studies, while identifying at least 17 PCOS risk genes, account for <10% of women with PCOS. A number of PCOS risk genes involve regulation of gonadotropin secretion or action, suggesting a reproductive neuroendocrine basis for PCOS pathogenesis. Consistent with this notion, a number of animal models employing fetal androgen excess demonstrate epigenetic induction of PCOS-like traits, including reproductive neuroendocrine and metabolic dysfunction. Monkey models are most comprehensive, while mouse models provide molecular insight, including identifying the androgen receptor, particularly in neurons, as mediating androgen-induced PCOS-like programming. Naturally-occurring female hyperandrogenism is also demonstrated in monkeys. Animal models are poised to delineate molecular gateways to PCOS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fisch SC, Gimeno ML, Phan JD, Simerman AA, Dumesic DA, Perone MJ, Chazenbalk GD. Pluripotent nontumorigenic multilineage differentiating stress enduring cells (Muse cells): a seven-year retrospective. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 29041955 PMCID: PMC5646122 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilineage differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells, discovered in the spring of 2010 at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, were quickly recognized by scientists as a possible source of pluripotent cells naturally present within mesenchymal tissues. Muse cells normally exist in a quiescent state, singularly activated by severe cellular stress in vitro and in vivo. Muse cells have the capacity for self-renewal while maintaining pluripotent cell characteristics indicated by the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers. Muse cells differentiate into cells representative of all three germ cell layers both spontaneously and under media-specific induction. In contrast to embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells, Muse cells exhibit low telomerase activity, a normal karyotype, and do not undergo tumorigenesis once implanted in SCID mice. Muse cells efficiently home into damaged tissues and differentiate into specific cells leading to tissue regeneration and functional recovery as described in different animal disease models (i.e., fulminant hepatitis, muscle degeneration, skin ulcers, liver cirrhosis, cerebral stroke, vitiligo, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). Circulating Muse cells have been detected in peripheral blood, with higher levels present in stroke patients during the acute phase. Furthermore, Muse cells have inherent immunomodulatory properties, which could contribute to tissue generation and functional repair in vivo. Genetic studies in Muse cells indicate a highly conserved cellular mechanism as seen in more primitive organisms (yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, chlamydomonas, Torpedo californica, drosophila, etc.) in response to cellular stress and acute injury. This review details the molecular and cellular properties of Muse cells as well as their capacity for tissue repair and functional recovery, highlighting their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - María L. Gimeno
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)—CONICET—Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Polo Científico Tecnológico, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia D. Phan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Ariel A. Simerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Marcelo J. Perone
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)—CONICET—Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Polo Científico Tecnológico, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregorio D. Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abbott DH, Rayome BH, Dumesic DA, Lewis KC, Edwards AK, Wallen K, Wilson ME, Appt SE, Levine JE. Clustering of PCOS-like traits in naturally hyperandrogenic female rhesus monkeys. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:923-936. [PMID: 28333238 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study question Do naturally occurring, hyperandrogenic (≥1 SD of population mean testosterone, T) female rhesus monkeys exhibit traits typical of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Summary answer Hyperandrogenic female monkeys exhibited significantly increased serum levels of androstenedione (A4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), estradiol (E2), LH, antimullerian hormone (AMH), cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and corticosterone, as well as increased uterine endometrial thickness and evidence of reduced fertility, all traits associated with PCOS. What is known already Progress in treating women with PCOS is limited by incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and the absence of naturally occurring PCOS in animal models. A female macaque monkey, however, with naturally occurring hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polyfollicular ovaries, accompanied by insulin resistance, increased adiposity and endometrial hyperplasia, suggests naturally occurring origins for PCOS in nonhuman primates. Study design, size, duration As part of a larger study, circulating serum concentrations of selected pituitary, ovarian and adrenal hormones, together with fasted insulin and glucose levels, were determined in a single, morning blood sample obtained from 120 apparently healthy, ovary-intact, adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) while not pregnant or nursing. The monkeys were then sedated for somatometric and ultrasonographic measurements. Participants/materials, setting, methods Female monkeys were of prime reproductive age (7.2 ± 0.1 years, mean ± SEM) and represented a typical spectrum of adult body weight (7.4 ± 0.2 kg; maximum 12.5, minimum 4.6 kg). Females were defined as having normal (n = 99) or high T levels (n = 21; ≥1 SD above the overall mean, 0.31 ng/ml). Electronic health records provided menstrual and fecundity histories. Steroid hormones were determined by tandem LC-MS-MS; AMH was measured by enzymeimmunoassay; LH, FSH and insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay; and glucose was read by glucose meter. Most analyses were limited to 80 females (60 normal T, 20 high T) in the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle or anovulatory period (serum progesterone <1 ng/ml). Main results and the role of chance Of 80 monkeys, 15% (n = 12) exhibited classifiable PCOS-like phenotypes. High T females demonstrated elevations in serum levels of LH (P < 0.036), AMH (P < 0.021), A4 (P < 0.0001), 17-OHP (P < 0.008), E2 (P < 0.023), glucocorticoids (P < 0.02-0.0001), the serum T/E2 ratio (P < 0.03) and uterine endometrial thickness (P < 0.014) compared to normal T females. Within the high T group alone, anogenital distance, a biomarker for fetal T exposure, positively correlated (P < 0.015) with serum A4 levels, while clitoral volume, a biomarker for prior T exposure, positively correlated (P < 0.002) with postnatal age. Only high T females demonstrated positive correlations between serum LH, and both T and A4. Five of six (83%) high T females with serum T ≥2 SD above T mean (0.41 ng/ml) did not produce live offspring. Large scale data N/A. Limitations, reasons for caution This is an initial study of a single laboratory population in a single nonhuman primate species. While two biomarkers suggest lifelong hyperandrogenism, phenotypic expression during gestation, prepuberty, adolescence, mid-to-late reproductive years and postmenopause has yet to be determined. Wider implications of the findings Characterizing adult female monkeys with naturally occurring hyperandrogenism has identified individuals with high LH and AMH combined with infertility, suggesting developmental linkage among traits with endemic origins beyond humans. PCOS may thus be an ancient phenotype, as previously proposed, with a definable pathogenic mechanism(s). Study funding/competing interest(s) Funded by competitive supplement to P51 OD011106 (PI: Mallick), by P50 HD028934 (PI: Marshall) and by P50 HD044405 (PI: Dunaif). The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B H Rayome
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - A K Edwards
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K Wallen
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA.,Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M E Wilson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA
| | - S E Appt
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - J E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Simerman AA, Phan JD, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk GD. Muse Cells: Nontumorigenic Pluripotent Stem Cells Present in Adult Tissues-A Paradigm Shift in Tissue Regeneration and Evolution. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1463258. [PMID: 28070194 PMCID: PMC5192335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1463258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Muse cells are a novel population of nontumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, highly resistant to cellular stress. These cells are present in every connective tissue and intrinsically express pluripotent stem markers such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, and TRA1-60. Muse cells are able to differentiate into cells from all three embryonic germ layers both spontaneously and under media-specific induction. Unlike ESCs and iPSCs, Muse cells exhibit low telomerase activity and asymmetric division and do not undergo tumorigenesis or teratoma formation when transplanted into a host organism. Muse cells have a high capacity for homing into damaged tissue and spontaneous differentiation into cells of compatible tissue, leading to tissue repair and functional restoration. The ability of Muse cells to restore tissue function may demonstrate the role of Muse cells in a highly conserved cellular mechanism related to cell survival and regeneration, in response to cellular stress and acute injury. From an evolutionary standpoint, genes pertaining to the regenerative capacity of an organism have been lost in higher mammals from more primitive species. Therefore, Muse cells may offer insight into the molecular and evolutionary bases of autonomous tissue regeneration and elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that prevent mammals from regenerating limbs and organs, as planarians, newts, zebrafish, and salamanders do.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A. Simerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julia D. Phan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregorio D. Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dumesic DA, Akopians AL, Madrigal VK, Ramirez E, Margolis DJ, Sarma MK, Thomas AM, Grogan TR, Haykal R, Schooler TA, Okeya BL, Abbott DH, Chazenbalk GD. Hyperandrogenism Accompanies Increased Intra-Abdominal Fat Storage in Normal Weight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4178-4188. [PMID: 27571186 PMCID: PMC5095243 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Normal weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women may have altered adipose structure-function underlying metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether adipose structure-functional changes exist in normal weight PCOS women and correlate with hyperandrogenism and/or hyperinsulinemia. DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study. SETTING The setting was an academic medical center. PATIENTS Six normal weight PCOS women and 14 age- and body mass index-matched normoandrogenic ovulatory (NL) women were included. INTERVENTION(S) All women underwent circulating hormone and metabolic measurements; frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing; total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; abdominal magnetic resonance imaging; and SC abdominal fat biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Circulating hormones and metabolites, body fat and its distribution, and adipocyte size were compared between PCOS and NL women, and were correlated with each other in all women. RESULTS Circulating LH and androgen levels were significantly greater in PCOS than NL women, as were fasting insulin levels, pancreatic β-cell responsiveness to glucose, and total abdominal fat mass. Intra-abdominal fat mass also was significantly increased in PCOS women and was positively correlated with circulating androgen, fasting insulin, triglyceride, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all women. SC abdominal fat mass was not significantly increased in PCOS women, but contained a greater proportion of small SC abdominal adipocytes that positively correlated with serum androgen levels in all women. CONCLUSION Hyperandrogenism in normal weight PCOS women is associated with preferential intra-abdominal fat deposition and an increased population of small SC abdominal adipocytes that could constrain SC adipose storage and promote metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alin L Akopians
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vanessa K Madrigal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emmanuel Ramirez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel J Margolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manoj K Sarma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Albert M Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rasha Haykal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tery A Schooler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bette L Okeya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.L.A., V.K.M., R.H., T.A.S., B.L.O, G.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (E.R.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiological Science (D.J.M., M.K.S, A.M.T.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.R.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eisner JR, Dumesic DA, Kemnitz JW, Colman RJ, Abbott DH. Increased Adiposity in Female Rhesus Monkeys Exposed to Androgen Excess During Early Gestation. Nutr Clin Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0115426503018004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
33
|
Dumesic DA, Guedikian AA, Madrigal VK, Phan JD, Hill DL, Alvarez JP, Chazenbalk GD. Cumulus Cell Mitochondrial Resistance to Stress In Vitro Predicts Oocyte Development During Assisted Reproduction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2235-45. [PMID: 27003307 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Complex cumulus cell-oocyte interactions govern energy utilization during oocyte development. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship of cumulus cell mitochondria with oocyte development during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study. SETTING The setting was an academic center. PATIENTS Thirty women underwent ovarian stimulation for IVF. INTERVENTION(S) Pooled cumulus cells were collected; numbers of total and mature oocytes and two-pronuclear (day 1), six- to eight-cell cleavage (day 3), and blastocyst (day 5) embryos were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A mitochondrial bioassay was developed with Jurkat cells and used with cumulus cells from IVF patients to correlate mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) stress with oocyte development and embryogenesis. RESULTS Adjusting for FSH administered and maternal age, cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP positively correlated with numbers of total (P < .025) and mature (P < .025) oocytes retrieved. The highest oocyte numbers that correlated with cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in women with the greatest ovarian response to FSH (mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP-log FSH interactions: total oocytes P < .025; mature oocytes P < .05). Multiple regression modeling of mature oocyte numbers, age, and cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP showed that numbers of mature oocytes best correlated with numbers of embryos at all stages (P < .0001). CONCLUSION During ovarian stimulation for IVF, cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to stress correlates with numbers of total and mature oocytes retrieved, suggesting that cumulus cell-oocyte interactions involving energy facilitate oocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - Annie A Guedikian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - Vanessa K Madrigal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - Julia D Phan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - David L Hill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - Juan P Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D., A.A.G., V.K.M., J.D.P., J.P.A., G.D.C., University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; ART Reproductive Center (D.L.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dumesic DA, Oberfield SE, Stener-Victorin E, Marshall JC, Laven JS, Legro RS. Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:487-525. [PMID: 26426951 PMCID: PMC4591526 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder that has both adverse reproductive and metabolic implications for affected women. However, there is generally poor understanding of its etiology. Varying expert-based diagnostic criteria utilize some combination of oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Criteria that require hyperandrogenism tend to identify a more severe reproductive and metabolic phenotype. The phenotype can vary by race and ethnicity, is difficult to define in the perimenarchal and perimenopausal period, and is exacerbated by obesity. The pathophysiology involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion from a reduced hypothalamic feedback response to circulating sex steroids, altered ovarian morphology and functional changes, and disordered insulin action in a variety of target tissues. PCOS clusters in families and both female and male relatives can show stigmata of the syndrome, including metabolic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of candidate regions, although their role in contributing to PCOS is still largely unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Joop S Laven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.E.O.), Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Reproduction and Division of Endocrinology (J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903; Division of Reproductive Medicine (J.S.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (R.S.L.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arora CP, Kacerovsky M, Zinner B, Ertl T, Ceausu I, Rusnak I, Shurpyak S, Sandhu M, Hobel CJ, Dumesic DA, Vari SG. Disparities and relative risk ratio of preterm birth in six Central and Eastern European centers. Croat Med J 2015; 56:119-27. [PMID: 25891871 PMCID: PMC4410174 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify characteristic risk factors of preterm birth in Central and Eastern Europe and explore the differences from other developed countries. METHOD Data on 33,794 term and 3867 preterm births (<37 wks.) were extracted in a retrospective study between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. The study took place in 6 centers in 5 countries: Czech Republic, Hungary (two centers), Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. Data on historical risk factors, pregnancy complications, and special testing were gathered. Preterm birth frequencies and relevant risk factors were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. RESULTS All the factors selected for study (history of smoking, diabetes, chronic hypertension, current diabetes, preeclampsia, progesterone use, current smoking, body mass index, iron use and anemia during pregnancy), except the history of diabetes were predictive of preterm birth across all participating European centers. Preterm birth was at least 2.4 times more likely with smoking (history or current), three times more likely with preeclampsia, 2.9 times more likely with hypertension after adjusting for other covariates. It had inverse relationship with the significant predictor body mass index, with adjusted risk ratio of 0.8 to 1.0 in three sites. Iron use and anemia, though significant predictors of preterm birth, indicated mixed patterns for relative risk ratio. CONCLUSION Smoking, preeclampsia, hypertension and body mass index seem to be the foremost risk factors of preterm birth. Implications of these factors could be beneficial for design and implementation of interventions and improve the birth outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chander P Arora
- Chander P Arora, International Research and Innovation Management Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 6420 Wilshire Blvd. Suite # 301, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Simerman AA, Hill DL, Grogan TR, Elashoff D, Clarke NJ, Goldstein EH, Manrriquez AN, Chazenbalk GD, Dumesic DA. Intrafollicular cortisol levels inversely correlate with cumulus cell lipid content as a possible energy source during oocyte meiotic resumption in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:249-57. [PMID: 25439840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether follicular fluid (FF) cortisol levels affect cumulus cell (CC) lipid content during oocyte meiotic resumption, and whether CCs express genes for glucocorticoid action. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Thirty-seven nonobese women underwent ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). INTERVENTION(S) At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated from the first follicle (>16 mm in size) of each ovary and pooled CCs were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Follicular fluid cortisol and cortisone analysis was performed with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CCs were stained with lipid fluorescent dye Bodipy FL C16 to determine lipid content with the use of confocal microscopy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect CC gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) types 1 and 2, glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). RESULT(S) Adjusting for maternal age, FF cortisol levels negatively correlated with CC lipid content and positively correlated with numbers of total and mature oocytes. CCs expressed genes for 11β-HSD type 1 as the predominant 11β-HSD isoform, NR3C1, LPL, and HSL. CONCLUSION(S) FF cortisol levels may regulate CC lipolysis during oocyte meiotic resumption and affect oocyte quality during IVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Simerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David L Hill
- ART Reproductive Center, Beverly Hills, California
| | - Tristan R Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nigel J Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - Ellen H Goldstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexa N Manrriquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nicol LE, O’Brien TD, Dumesic DA, Grogan T, Tarantal AF, Abbott DH. Abnormal infant islet morphology precedes insulin resistance in PCOS-like monkeys. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106527. [PMID: 25207967 PMCID: PMC4160158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is prevalent in reproductive-aged women and confounded by metabolic morbidities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although the etiology of PCOS is undefined, contribution of prenatal androgen (PA) exposure has been proposed in a rhesus monkey model as premenopausal PA female adults have PCOS-like phenotypes in addition to insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance. PA female infants exhibit relative hyperinsulinemia, suggesting prenatal sequelae of androgen excess on glucose metabolism and an antecedent to future metabolic disease. We assessed consequences of PA exposure on pancreatic islet morphology to identify evidence of programming on islet development. Islet counts and size were quantified and correlated with data from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT) obtained from dams and their offspring. Average islet size was decreased in PA female infants along with corresponding increases in islet number, while islet fractional area was preserved. Infants also demonstrated an increase in both the proliferation marker Ki67 within islets and the beta to alpha cell ratio suggestive of enhanced beta cell expansion. PA adult females have reduced proportion of small islets without changes in proliferative or apoptotic markers, or in beta to alpha cell ratios. Together, these data suggest in utero androgen excess combined with mild maternal glucose intolerance alter infant and adult islet morphology, implicating deviant islet development. Marked infant, but subtle adult, morphological differences provide evidence of islet post-natal plasticity in adapting to changing physiologic demands: from insulin sensitivity and relative hypersecretion to insulin resistance and diminished insulin response to glucose in the mature PCOS-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E. Nicol
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothy D. O’Brien
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, and the California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David H. Abbott
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Keller E, Chazenbalk GD, Aguilera P, Madrigal V, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Dumesic DA, Abbott DH. Impaired preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes in subcutaneous abdominal adipose of PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2696-703. [PMID: 24735327 PMCID: PMC4060192 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome women and polycystic ovary syndrome-like, prenatally androgenized (PA) female monkeys worsen with age, with altered adipogenesis of sc abdominal adipose potentially contributing to age-related adverse effects on metabolism. This study examines whether adipocyte morphology and gene expression in sc abdominal adipose differ between late reproductive-aged PA female rhesus monkeys compared with age-matched controls (C). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose of both groups was obtained for histological imaging and mRNA determination of zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) as a marker of adipose stem cell commitment to preadipocytes, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ as well as C/EBPα/PPARγ as respective markers of early- and late-stage differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes. In all females combined, serum testosterone (T) levels positively correlated with fasting serum levels of total free fatty acid (r(2) = 0.73, P < .002). PA females had a greater population of small adipocytes vs C (P < .001) in the presence of increased Zfp423 (P < .025 vs C females) and decreased C/EBPα (P < .003, vs C females) mRNA expression. Moreover, Zfp423 mRNA expression positively correlated with circulating total free fatty acid levels during iv glucose tolerance testing (P < .004, r(2) = 0.66), whereas C/EBPα mRNA expression negatively correlated with serum T levels (P < .02, r(2) = 0.43). Gene expression of PPARδ and PPARγ were comparable between groups (P = .723 and P = .18, respectively). Early-to-mid gestational T excess in female rhesus monkeys impairs adult preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes in sc abdominal adipose and may constrain the ability of this adipose depot to safely store fat with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Keller
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.K., G.D.C., P.A., V.M., D.A.D.) and Medicine Statistics Core (T.G., D.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1740; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (D.H.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Simerman AA, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk GD. Pluripotent muse cells derived from human adipose tissue: a new perspective on regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:12. [PMID: 24940477 PMCID: PMC4041046 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, Multilineage Differentiating Stress Enduring (Muse) cells were introduced to the scientific community, offering potential resolution to the issue of teratoma formation that plagues both embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells. Isolated from human bone marrow, dermal fibroblasts, adipose tissue and commercially available adipose stem cells (ASCs) under severe cellular stress conditions, Muse cells self-renew in a controlled manner and do not form teratomas when injected into immune-deficient mice. Furthermore, Muse cells express classic pluripotency markers and differentiate into cells from the three embryonic germ layers both spontaneously and under media-specific induction. When transplanted in vivo, Muse cells contribute to tissue generation and repair. This review delves into the aspects of Muse cells that set them apart from ES, iPS, and various reported adult pluripotent stem cell lines, with specific emphasis on Muse cells derived from adipose tissue (Muse-AT), and their potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Simerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740, USA
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Simerman AA, Perone MJ, Gimeno ML, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk GD. A mystery unraveled: nontumorigenic pluripotent stem cells in human adult tissues. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:917-29. [PMID: 24745973 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have emerged as the gold standard of pluripotent stem cells and the class of stem cell with the highest potential for contribution to regenerative and therapeutic application; however, their translational use is often impeded by teratoma formation, commonly associated with pluripotency. We discuss a population of nontumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, termed Multilineage Differentiating Stress Enduring (Muse) cells, which offer an innovative and exciting avenue of exploration for the potential treatment of various human diseases. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the origin of Muse cells, describes in detail their various unique characteristics, and considers future avenues of their application and investigation with respect to what is currently known of adult pluripotent stem cells in scientific literature. We begin by defining cell potency, then discuss both mesenchymal and various reported populations of pluripotent stem cells, and finally delve into Muse cells and the characteristics that set them apart from their contemporaries. EXPERT OPINION Muse cells derived from adipose tissue (Muse-AT) are efficiently, routinely and painlessly isolated from human lipoaspirate material, exhibit tripoblastic differentiation both spontaneously and under media-specific induction, and do not form teratomas. We describe qualities specific to Muse-AT cells and their potential impact on the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Simerman
- The University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951740, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 , USA +1 310 206 3670 ;
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The maternal-fetal environment plays an important role in developmental programming of adult disease. Metabolic and hormonal dysfunction during human fetal development accompanies gestational diabetes as a common occurrence in mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while human fetal androgen excess from congenital adrenal hyperplasia or virilizing tumors precedes PCOS-like symptoms after birth. To date, clinical studies of infant blood levels at term have yet to confirm that human fetal androgen excess promotes PCOS development after birth. Earlier in development, however, circulating androgen levels in the second trimester female human fetus can normally rise into the male range. Furthermore, midgestational amniotic testosterone levels are elevated in female fetuses of PCOS compared with normal mothers and might influence fetal development because experimentally induced fetal androgen excess in animals produces a PCOS-like phenotype with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Such alterations in the maternal-fetal environment likely program adult PCOS by epigenetic modifications of genetic susceptibility of the fetus to PCOS after birth. Understanding this phenomenon requires advanced fetal surveillance technologies and postnatal assessment of midgestational androgen exposure for new clinical strategies to improve reproduction in PCOS women, optimize long-term health of their offspring, and minimize susceptibility to acquiring PCOS in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregorio D Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - David H Abbott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Amin M, Simerman A, Cho M, Singh P, Briton-Jones C, Hill D, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Clarke NJ, Chazenbalk GD, Dumesic DA. 21-Hydroxylase-derived steroids in follicles of nonobese women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) positively correlate with lipid content of luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) as a source of cholesterol for steroid synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1299-306. [PMID: 24423334 PMCID: PMC3973780 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mineralocorticoid synthesis by the nonhuman primate periovulatory follicle enhances luteinization. Whether a similar event occurs in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether human luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) produce mineralocorticoids derived from 21-hydroxylase activity and also express mRNA for 21-hydroxylase and the mineralocorticoid receptor. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted at an academic center. PATIENTS LGC lipid content and follicle fluid (FF) hormone analysis was performed on 27 nonobese IVF women. LGCs from six additional nonobese IVF women were used for gene expression studies. INTERVENTION At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated from the first follicle (≥16 mm in size) of each ovary and pooled LGCs were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES FF steroid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LGCs were stained with lipid fluorescent dye BODIPY FL C16 to estimate lipid content by confocal microscopy as a cholesterol source for steroidogenesis in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using LGCs to detect 21-hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression. Pearson correlation coefficients determined associations between FF steroid levels and LGC lipid content. RESULTS FF levels of the 21-hydroxylase-derived steroids, 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC, 39.97, median (13.94-63.02) ng/mL] and 11-deoxycortisol [11DOC, 2.07 (0.69-5.01) ng/mL], along with the 21-hydroxylase precursor 17-hydroxyprogesterone [1268.21 (493.26-3558.39) ng/mL], positively correlated with LGC lipid content (84 ± 43 fluorescent units/sample) (P ≤ .05, all steroids). 21-Hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was detected in LGCs. CONCLUSIONS Human LGCs likely synthesize 21-hydroxylase-derived mineralocorticoids from cholesterol-containing lipid in vivo to promote postovulatory luteinization via mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marli Amin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.A., A.S., M.C., P.S., G.D.C., D.A.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024; Department of Medicine Statistics Core (T.G., D.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute (N.J.C.), San Juan Capistrano, California 92675; and ART Reproductive Center (C.B.-J., D.H.), Beverly Hills, California 90210
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Jumabay M, Abdmaulen R, Ly A, Cubberly MR, Shahmirian LJ, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Dumesic DA, Yao Y, Boström KI. Pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse and human white mature adipocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:161-71. [PMID: 24396033 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
White mature adipocytes give rise to so-called dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells that spontaneously undergo multilineage differentiation. In this study, we defined stem cell characteristics of DFAT cells as they are generated from adipocytes and the relationship between these characteristics and lineage differentiation. Both mouse and human DFAT cells, prepared from adipose tissue and lipoaspirate, respectively, showed evidence of pluripotency, with a maximum 5-7 days after adipocyte isolation. The DFAT cells spontaneously formed clusters in culture, which transiently expressed multiple stem cell markers, including stage-specific embryonic antigens, and Sca-1 (mouse) and CD105 (human), as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunostaining. As the stem cell markers decreased, markers characteristic of the three germ layers and specific lineage differentiation, such as α-fetoprotein (endoderm, hepatic), Neurofilament-66 (ectoderm, neurogenic), and Troponin I (mesoderm, cardiomyogenic), increased. However, no teratoma formation was detected after injection in immunodeficient mice. A novel modification of the adipocyte isolation aimed at ensuring the initial purity of the adipocytes and avoiding ceiling culture allowed isolation of DFAT cells with pluripotent characteristics. Thus, the adipocyte-derived DFAT cells represent a plastic stem cell population that is highly responsive to changes in culture conditions and may benefit cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medet Jumabay
- Division of Cardiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chazenbalk G, Singh P, Irge D, Shah A, Abbott DH, Dumesic DA. Androgens inhibit adipogenesis during human adipose stem cell commitment to preadipocyte formation. Steroids 2013; 78:920-6. [PMID: 23707571 PMCID: PMC3951890 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play a pivotal role in the regulation of body fat distribution. Adipogenesis is a process whereby multipotent adipose stem cells (ASCs) initially become preadipocytes (ASC commitment to preadipocytes) before differentiating into adipocytes. Androgens inhibit human (h) subcutaneous (SC) abdominal preadipocyte differentiation in both sexes, but their effects on hASC commitment to preadipocyte formation is unknown. We therefore examined whether androgen exposure to human (h) ASCs, isolated from SC abdominal adipose of nonobese women, impairs their commitment to preadipocyte formation and/or subsequent differentiation into adipocytes. For this, isolated hASCs from SC abdominal lipoaspirate were cultured in adipogenesis-inducing medium for 0.5-14days in the presence of testosterone (T, 0-100nM) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 0-50nM). Adipogenesis was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and by quantification of adipogenically relevant transcriptional factors, PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. We found that a 3-day exposure of hASCs to T (50nM) or DHT (5nM) in adipogenesis-inducing medium impaired lipid acquisition and decreased PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ gene expression. The inhibitory effects of T and DHT at this early-stage of adipocyte differentiation, were partially and completely reversed by flutamide (F, 100nM), respectively. The effect of androgens on hASC commitment to a preadipocyte phenotype was examined via activation of Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 (BMP4) signaling. T (50nM) and DHT (5nM) significantly inhibited the stimulatory effect of BMP4-induced ASC commitment to the preadipocyte phenotype, as regards PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression. Our findings indicate that androgens, in part through androgen receptor action, impair BMP4-induced commitment of SC hASCs to preadipocytes and also reduce early-stage adipocyte differentiation, perhaps limiting adipocyte numbers and fat storage in SC abdominal adipose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a 2.7-fold increased risk for developing endometrial cancer. A major factor for this increased malignancy risk is prolonged exposure of the endometrium to unopposed estrogen that results from anovulation. Additionally, secretory endometrium of some women with PCOS undergoing ovulation induction or receiving exogenous progestin exhibits progesterone resistance accompanied by dysregulation of gene expression controlling steroid action and cell proliferation. Endometrial surveillance includes transvaginal ultrasound and/or endometrial biopsy to assess thickened endometrium, prolonged amenorrhea, unopposed estrogen exposure or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Medical management for abnormal vaginal bleeding or endometrial hyperplasia consists of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, cyclic or continuous progestins or a levonorgestrel-releasing (Mirena) intrauterine device. Lifestyle modification with caloric restriction and exercise is appropriate to treat obesity as a concomitant risk factor for developing endometrial disease. An increased risk of ovarian cancer may also exist in some women with PCOS. There are strong data to suggest that oral contraceptive use is protective against ovarian cancer and increases with the duration of therapy. The mechanism of this protection may be through suppression of gonadotropin secretion rather than the prevention of "incessant ovulation". There is no apparent association of PCOS with breast cancer, although the high prevalence of metabolic dysfunction from obesity is a common denominator for both conditions. Recent data suggest that the use of metformin may be protective for both endometrial and breast cancer. There are insufficient data to evaluate any association between PCOS and vaginal, vulvar and cervical cancer or uterine leiomyosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
With close genomic and phenotypic similarity to humans, nonhuman primate models provide comprehensive epigenetic mimics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), suggesting early life targeting for prevention. Fetal exposure to testosterone (T), of all nonhuman primate emulations, provides the closest PCOS-like phenotypes, with early-to-mid gestation T-exposed female rhesus monkeys exhibiting adult reproductive, endocrinological and metabolic dysfunctional traits that are co-pathologies of PCOS. Late gestational T exposure, while inducing adult ovarian hyperandrogenism and menstrual abnormalities, has less dysfunctional metabolic accompaniment. Fetal exposures to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) suggest androgenic and estrogenic aspects of fetal programming. Neonatal exposure to T produces no PCOS-like outcome, while continuous T treatment of juvenile females causes precocious weight gain and early menarche (high T), or high LH and weight gain (moderate T). Acute T exposure of adult females generates polyfollicular ovaries, while chronic T exposure induces subtle menstrual irregularities without metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Heneidi S, Simerman AA, Keller E, Singh P, Li X, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G. Awakened by cellular stress: isolation and characterization of a novel population of pluripotent stem cells derived from human adipose tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64752. [PMID: 23755141 PMCID: PMC3673968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell therapy face major clinical limitations, particularly challenged by low rates of post-transplant cell survival. Hostile host factors of the engraftment microenvironment such as hypoxia, nutrition deprivation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species can each contribute to unwanted differentiation or apoptosis. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new population of adipose tissue (AT) derived pluripotent stem cells, termed Multilineage Differentiating Stress-Enduring (Muse) Cells, which are isolated using severe cellular stress conditions, including long-term exposure to the proteolytic enzyme collagenase, serum deprivation, low temperatures and hypoxia. Under these conditions, a highly purified population of Muse-AT cells is isolated without the utilization of cell sorting methods. Muse-AT cells grow in suspension as cell spheres reminiscent of embryonic stem cell clusters. Muse-AT cells are positive for the pluripotency markers SSEA3, TR-1-60, Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2, and can spontaneously differentiate into mesenchymal, endodermal and ectodermal cell lineages with an efficiency of 23%, 20% and 22%, respectively. When using specific differentiation media, differentiation efficiency is greatly enhanced in Muse-AT cells (82% for mesenchymal, 75% for endodermal and 78% for ectodermal). When compared to adipose stem cells (ASCs), microarray data indicate a substantial up-regulation of Sox2, Oct3/4, and Rex1. Muse-ATs also exhibit gene expression patterns associated with the down-regulation of genes involved in cell death and survival, embryonic development, DNA replication and repair, cell cycle and potential factors related to oncogenecity. Gene expression analysis indicates that Muse-ATs and ASCs are mesenchymal in origin; however, Muse-ATs also express numerous lymphocytic and hematopoietic genes, such as CCR1 and CXCL2, encoding chemokine receptors and ligands involved in stem cell homing. Being highly resistant to severe cellular stress, Muse-AT cells have the potential to make a critical impact on the field of regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Ariel A. Simerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Keller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Prapti Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Li
- Clinical Microarray Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gregorio Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ezeh U, Pall M, Mathur R, Dey D, Berman D, Chen IY, Dumesic DA, Azziz R. Effects of endogenous androgens and abdominal fat distribution on the interrelationship between insulin and non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake in females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1541-8. [PMID: 23450052 PMCID: PMC3615210 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Glucose disposal occurs via noninsulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) and insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU). It is unknown whether in PCOS NIMGU increases to compensate for declining IMGU and whether androgens and fat distribution influence this relationship. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to compare in women with PCOS and controls the interrelationship between NIMGU [ie, glucose effectiveness (Sg)] and IMGU [ie, the insulin sensitivity index (Si)] and the role of androgens and fat distribution. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight PCOS (by National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria) and 28 control (age, race, and body mass index matched) women were prospectively studied. A subset of 16 PCOS subjects and 16 matched controls also underwent abdominal computed tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glucose disposal (by a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test), circulating androgens, and abdominal fat distribution [by waist to hip ratio and visceral (VAT) and sc (SAT) adipose tissue content] were measured. RESULTS PCOS women had lower mean Si and similar Sg and abdominal fat distribution compared with controls. PCOS women with Si below the PCOS median (more insulin resistant) had a lower mean Sg than controls with Si above the control median (more insulin sensitive). In PCOS only, body mass index, free T, modified Ferriman-Gallwey score, and waist to hip ratio independently predicted Sg, whereas Si did not. In PCOS, VAT and SAT independently and negatively predicted Si and Sg, respectively. CONCLUSION The decreased IMGU in PCOS is not accompanied by a compensatory increase in NIMGU or associated with excessive VAT accumulation. Increased general obesity, SAT, and hyperandrogenism are primary predictors of the deterioration of NIMGU in PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uche Ezeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-SinaiMedical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Activation of primordial follicles into the growing pool, selection of the dominant follicle, and its eventual ovulation require complex endocrine and metabolic interactions as well as intraovarian paracrine signals to coordinate granulosa cell proliferation, theca cell differentiation, and oocyte maturation. Early preantral follicle development relies mostly upon mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions, intraovarian paracrine signals, and oocyte-secreted factors, whereas development of the antral follicle depends on circulating gonadotropins as well as locally derived regulators. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance, and altered intrafollicular paracrine signaling perturb the activation, survival, growth, and selection of follicles, causing accumulation of small antral follicles within the periphery of the ovary, giving it a polycystic morphology. Altered adipocyte-ovarian interactions further compound these adverse events on follicle development and also can harm the oocyte, particularly in the presence of increased adiposity. Finally, endocrine antecedents of PCOS occur in female infants born to mothers with PCOS, which suggests that interactions between genes and the maternal-fetal hormonal environment may program ovarian function after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|