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Tang J, Zhao C, Lin S, Li X, Zhu B, Li Y. Controversial causal association between IGF family members and osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study between UK and FinnGen biobanks. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1332803. [PMID: 38260127 PMCID: PMC10801076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1332803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis, a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength, is closely linked to the IGF system, crucial for skeletal metabolism. However, the precise nature of this relationship remains elusive. In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to unravel the associations between genetically predicted serum IGF system member levels and osteoporosis. Methods A two-sample MR approach was employed to investigate these causal associations based on two individual datasets. Predictions of 14 serum levels of IGF system members were made using 11,036,163 relevant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within a cohort of 4,301 individuals of European descent. Genetic association estimates for osteoporosis were derived from two publicly available GWAS consortia: the Finnish consortium from the FinnGen biobank, comprising 212,778 individuals of Finnish descent (3,203 cases and 209,575 controls), and the UK consortium from the UK Biobank, including 337,159 individuals of European descent (5,266 cases and 331,893 controls). Results According to the UK dataset, IGF-1 levels were associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis, as indicated by the weighted median method (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.997-1.000, P = 0.032). Additionally, higher levels of IGFBP-3 were linked to a decreased risk of osteoporosis using the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.998-1.000, P = 0.019), and CTGF levels exhibited a negative association with osteoporosis, as determined by the weighted median method (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.996-0.999, P = 0.004). In the FinnGen dataset, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not identified to be associated with osteoporosis. While, IGF-LR1 levels displayed a negative association with osteoporosis, according to the MR-Egger method (OR = 0.886, 95% CI = 0.795-0.987, P = 0.036), while CYR61 was linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis based on both the weighted median and IVW methods (OR = 1.154, 95% CI = 1.009-1.319, P = 0.037, and OR = 1.115, 95% CI = 1.022-1.215, P = 0.014, respectively). Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that certain IGF family members play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis between different datasets, indicating population specific causal effects between IGF family and osteoporosis. Although the results from both datasets demonstrated that IGF family involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, but the responding key molecules might be various among different population. Subsequent research is warranted to evaluate the potential of these biomarkers as targets for osteoporosis prevention and treatment in specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Binlu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Dixit M, Duran‐Ortiz S, Yildirim G, Poudel SB, Louis LD, Bartke A, Schaffler MB, Kopchick JJ, Yakar S. Induction of somatopause in adult mice compromises bone morphology and exacerbates bone loss during aging. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13505. [PMID: 34811875 PMCID: PMC8672783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatopause refers to the gradual declines in growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 throughout aging. To define how induced somatopause affects skeletal integrity, we used an inducible GH receptor knockout (iGHRKO) mouse model. Somatopause, induced globally at 6 months of age, resulted in significantly more slender bones in both male and female iGHRKO mice. In males, induced somatopause was associated with progressive expansion of the marrow cavity leading to significant thinning of the cortices, which compromised bone strength. We report progressive declines in osteocyte lacunar number, and increases in lacunar volume, in iGHRKO males, and reductions in lacunar number accompanied by ~20% loss of overall canalicular connectivity in iGHRKO females by 30 months of age. Induced somatopause did not affect mineral/matrix ratio assessed by Raman microspectroscopy. We found significant increases in bone marrow adiposity and high levels of sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation in iGHRKO mice. Surprisingly, however, despite compromised bone morphology, osteocyte senescence was reduced in the iGHRKO mice. In this study, we avoided the confounded effects of constitutive deficiency in the GH/IGF‐1 axis on the skeleton during growth, and specifically dissected its effects on the aging skeleton. We show here, for the first time, that induced somatopause compromises bone morphology and the bone marrow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Molecular Pathobiology New York University College of Dentistry New York New York NY USA
| | - Silvana Duran‐Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
| | - Godze Yildirim
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Molecular Pathobiology New York University College of Dentistry New York New York NY USA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Molecular Pathobiology New York University College of Dentistry New York New York NY USA
| | - Leeann D. Louis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City College of New York New York NY USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
| | | | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center Department of Molecular Pathobiology New York University College of Dentistry New York New York NY USA
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Lee SC, Hsiao JK, Yang YC, Haung JC, Tien LY, Li DE, Tsai SM. Insulin-like growth factor-1 positively associated with bone formation markers and creatine kinase in adults with general physical activity. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23799. [PMID: 34143515 PMCID: PMC8373336 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes in a growth hormone (GH)-dependent manner, it is also produced by bone and muscle. The effects of exercise on the associations between IGF-1 levels and bone turnover markers (BTM) were found in the previous studies. However, the associations between the levels of IGF-1 and BTM, liver function tests, and skeletal muscle markers in adults with general physical activity were not clear. METHODS Ninety-four participants were recruited from healthy survey. Blood samples were collected to analyze the levels of IGF-1, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T-Bil), direct bilirubin (D-Bil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (CRTN), and glucose. Urine samples were collected to analyze the CRTN and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) levels. RESULTS The positively significant associations were found between the IGF-1 levels and the levels of ALP, BALP, and CK, respectively. No significant associations were found between the IGF-1 levels and the levels of TP, Alb, A/G, T-Bil, D-Bil, AST, ALT, LDH, glucose, urinary CRTN, urinary Dpd, and Dpd/CRTN ratios, respectively. CONCLUSION The serum IGF-1 levels associated with the levels of skeletal muscle and bone formation markers (BFM), not the bone resorption markers under general physical activity in the healthy adults. The physician needs to consider the effects of bone formation and skeletal muscle markers on the IGF-1 levels in the management of IGF-1-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuei Hsiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Haung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dai-En Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Meng Tsai
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lv F, Cai X, Zhang R, Zhou L, Zhou X, Han X, Ji L. Sex-specific associations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 with bone density and risk of fractures in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1165-1173. [PMID: 33415372 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the associations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fractures in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We found positive associations between IGF-I and BMD and negative associations between IGF-I and all three modified 10-year probabilities of MOFs and HFs in men, but not in women. INTRODUCTION The objective was to investigate the associations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fractures in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in each gender. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study that included men over 50 years and postmenopausal women with T2D without medical conditions or medications known to significantly affect BMD or serum IGF-I levels. Data of IGF-1, bone metabolism markers, lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) BMD were obtained; 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and hip fractures (HFs) was calculated and modified with rheumatoid arthritis, femoral neck T-score, and age. Correlations of IGF-1 levels with bone metabolism and risk of fractures were statistically analyzed in men and women, respectively. RESULTS A total of 391 patients, including 226 men and 165 women, were included. The age, serum fasting C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), bone formation marker, and all three modified 10-year probabilities of MOFs and HFs were higher in women than those in men (all p < 0.05). The levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), IGF-1, and BMD were lower in women than those in men (all p < 0.05). In men, IGF-1 was positively correlated with FN and TH BMD (FN BMD: r = 0.267, p < 0.001; TH BMD: r = 0.235, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with all three modified 10-year probabilities of MOFs (RA-modified MOFs: r = - 0.289, p < 0.001; age-modified MOFs: r = - 0.237, p < 0.001; FN T-score-modified MOFs: r = - 0.280, p < 0.001) and HFs (RA-modified HFs: r = - 0.291, p < 0.001; age-modified HFs: r = - 0.271, p < 0.001; FN T-score-modified HFs: r = - 0.270, p < 0.001), while no significant correlations were found between serum IGF-I and BMD and three modified 10-year probability in women. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, we found sex differences in the associations of serum IGF-1 with BMD and risk of fractures in Chinese patients with T2D. These results suggested that increasing serum IGF-1 might be a clinical target for protecting fractures in T2D, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China
| | - X Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China.
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China
| | - L Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No. 11, Beijing, China.
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Kazemi M, Jarrett BY, Parry SA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Hoeger KM, Spandorfer SD, Lujan ME. Osteosarcopenia in Reproductive-Aged Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5866600. [PMID: 32614948 PMCID: PMC7418445 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteosarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle and bone mass and/or function usually associated with aging) shares pathophysiological mechanisms with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the relationship between osteosarcopenia and PCOS remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluated skeletal muscle index% (SMI% = [appendicular muscle mass/weight (kg)] × 100) and bone mineral density (BMD) in PCOS (hyperandrogenism + oligoamenorrhea), and contrasted these musculoskeletal markers against 3 reproductive phenotypes (i): HA (hyperandrogenism + eumenorrhea) (ii); OA (normoandrogenic + oligoamenorrhea) and (iii), controls (normoandrogenic + eumenorrhea). Endocrine predictors of SMI% and BMD were evaluated across the groups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter case-control study of 203 women (18-48 years old) in New York State. RESULTS PCOS group exhibited reduced SMI% (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)]; 26.2% [25.1,27.3] vs 28.8% [27.7,29.8]), lower-extremity SMI% (57.6% [56.7,60.0] vs 62.5% [60.3,64.6]), and BMD (1.11 [1.08,1.14] vs 1.17 [1.14,1.20] g/cm2) compared to controls. PCOS group also had decreased upper (0.72 [0.70,0.74] vs 0.77 [0.75,0.79] g/cm2) and lower (1.13 [1.10,1.16] vs 1.19 [1.16,1.22] g/cm2) limb BMD compared to HA. Matsuda index was lower in PCOS vs controls and positively associated with SMI% in all groups (all Ps ≤ 0.05). Only controls showed associations between insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and upper (r = 0.84) and lower (r = 0.72) limb BMD (all Ps < 0.01). Unlike in PCOS, IGF-binding protein 2 was associated with SMI% in controls (r = 0.45) and HA (r = 0.67), and with upper limb BMD (r = 0.98) in HA (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS exhibit early signs of osteosarcopenia when compared to controls likely attributed to disrupted insulin function. Understanding the degree of musculoskeletal deterioration in PCOS is critical for implementing targeted interventions that prevent and delay osteosarcopenia in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Brittany Y Jarrett
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Kathleen M Hoeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Spandorfer
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
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Chiu TH, Chen SC, Yu HC, Hsu JS, Shih MC, Jiang HJ, Hsu WH, Lee MY. Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index with Bone Mineral Density in Post-Menopausal Women Who Have Undergone Total Thyroidectomy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061683. [PMID: 32516885 PMCID: PMC7352278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and may result in fractures and disabilities. Total thyroidectomy has also been associated with loss of bone mass. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations among nutritional status, skeletal muscle index and markers of bone turnover to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy were included. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) was calculated using baseline body weight and serum albumin level. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the height squared and assessed using DXA. Results. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that a low GNRI was significantly associated with low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score, and that a low ASM/height2 was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score. A low vitamin D level was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A high bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was significantly associated with low femoral neck T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A low insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly associated with low total hip BMD and T-score. Conclusion: In the postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy in this study, BMD was positively associated with GNRI, skeletal muscle mass index, and levels of vitamin D and serum IGF-1, and inversely associated with bone ALP level. Nutritional status, skeletal muscle mass index and bone turnover biomarkers can be used to early identify patients with a high risk of osteoporosis in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chiu
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - Jui-Sheng Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - He-Jiun Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hao Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7375)
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Fazeli PK, Faje AT, Meenaghan E, Russell ST, Resulaj M, Lee H, Rosen CJ, Bouxsein ML, Klibanski A. IGF-1 is associated with estimated bone strength in anorexia nervosa. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:259-265. [PMID: 31656971 PMCID: PMC7012750 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED IGF-1 and leptin are two nutritionally dependent hormones associated with low bone mass in women with anorexia nervosa. Using finite element analysis, we estimated bone strength in women with anorexia nervosa and found that IGF-1 but not leptin correlated significantly with estimated bone strength in both the radius and tibia. PURPOSE Women with anorexia nervosa, a psychiatric disorder characterized by self-induced starvation and low body weight, have impaired bone formation, low bone mass, and an increased risk of fracture. IGF-1 and leptin are two nutritionally dependent hormones that have been associated with low bone mass in women with anorexia nervosa. We hypothesized that IGF-1 and leptin would also be positively associated with estimated bone strength in women with anorexia nervosa. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 38 women (19 with anorexia nervosa and 19 normal-weight controls), we measured serum IGF-1 and leptin and performed finite element analysis of high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT images to measure stiffness and failure load of the distal radius and tibia. RESULTS IGF-1 was strongly correlated with estimated bone strength in the radius (R = 0.52, p = 0.02 for both stiffness and failure load) and tibia (R = 0.55, p = 0.01 for stiffness and R = 0.58, p = 0.01 for failure load) in the women with anorexia nervosa but not in normal-weight controls. In contrast, leptin was not associated with estimated bone strength in the group of women with anorexia nervosa or normal-weight controls. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 is strongly associated with estimated bone strength in the radius and tibia in women with anorexia nervosa. Further studies are needed to assess whether treatment with recombinant human IGF-1 will further improve bone strength and reduce fracture risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1061, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - A T Faje
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Meenaghan
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Russell
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Resulaj
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - M L Bouxsein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen JF, Lin PW, Tsai YR, Yang YC, Kang HY. Androgens and Androgen Receptor Actions on Bone Health and Disease: From Androgen Deficiency to Androgen Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111318. [PMID: 31731497 PMCID: PMC6912771 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are not only essential for bone development but for the maintenance of bone mass. Therefore, conditions with androgen deficiency, such as male hypogonadism, androgen-insensitive syndromes, and prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy are strongly associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Here we summarize the skeletal effects of androgens—androgen receptors (AR) actions based on in vitro and in vivo studies from animals and humans, and discuss bone loss due to androgens/AR deficiency to clarify the molecular basis for the anabolic action of androgens and AR in bone homeostasis and unravel the functions of androgen/AR signaling in healthy and disease states. Moreover, we provide evidence for the skeletal benefits of androgen therapy and elucidate why androgens are more beneficial than male sexual hormones, highlighting their therapeutic potential as osteoanabolic steroids in improving bone fracture repair. Finally, the application of selective androgen receptor modulators may provide new approaches for the treatment of osteoporosis and fractures as well as building stronger bones in diseases dependent on androgens/AR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (Y.-R.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8898)
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Cannarella R, Barbagallo F, Condorelli RA, Aversa A, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Osteoporosis from an Endocrine Perspective: The Role of Hormonal Changes in the Elderly. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101564. [PMID: 31581477 PMCID: PMC6832998 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is increasingly prevalent in the elderly, with fractures mostly occurring in women and men who are older than 55 and 65 years of age, respectively. The aim of this review was to examine the evidence regarding the influence of hormones on bone metabolism, followed by clinical data of hormonal changes in the elderly, in the attempt to provide possible poorly explored diagnostic and therapeutic candidate targets for the management of primary osteoporosis in the aging population. Material and methods: An extensive Medline search using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed. Results: While the rise in Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels has a protective role on bone mass, the decline of estrogen, testosterone, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and vitamin D and the rise of cortisol, parathyroid hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) favor bone loss in the elderly. Particularly, the AA rs6166 FSH receptor (FSHR) genotype, encoding for a more sensitive FSHR than that encoded by the GG one, is associated with low total body mass density (BMD), independently of circulating estrogen. A polyclonal antibody with a FSHR-binding sequence against the β-subunit of murine FSH seems to be effective in ameliorating bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions: A complete hormonal assessment should be completed for both women and men during bone loss evaluation. Novel possible diagnostic and therapeutic tools might be developed for the management of male and female osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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10
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López-Quiles J, Forteza-López A, Montiel M, Clemente C, Fernández-Tresguerres JA, Fernández-Tresguerres I. Effects of locally applied Insulin-like Growth Factor-I on osseointegration. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e652-e658. [PMID: 31433388 PMCID: PMC6764712 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of IGF-I on osseointegration of dental implants placed in osteoporotic bones. MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 rabbits were randomly distributed into two groups: eight animals were ovariectomized and fed a low-calcium diet for six weeks, in order to induce experimental osteoporosis, and the others were sham-operated and fed a standard diet. A titanium implant was inserted into the tibiae in both groups. In half of the rabbits, 4 μg of IGF-I was applied into the ostectomy, prior to the implant insertion. A total of 32 implants were placed. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after surgery and decalcified samples were processed for Bone-To-Implant Contact (BIC) and Bone Area Density (BAD) measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical evaluation. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS Ovariectomy induced statistically significant lower BAD values (p=0.008) and a tendency towards lower BIC values when compared osteoporotic and healthy groups. The administration of 4 μg of IGF-I did not produce statistically significant differences neither on BIC nor on BAD values, neither in the osteoporotic animals nor in healthy. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this experimental study, local administration of 4 μg of IGF-I was not able to induce any changes in the osseointegration process two weeks after surgery, neither in healthy rabbits nor in the osteoporotic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Quiles
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialities, School of Dentistry, Madrid, Spain, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,
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11
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Liang X, Du Y, Wen Y, Liu L, Li P, Zhao Y, Ding M, Cheng B, Cheng S, Ma M, Zhang L, Shen H, Tian Q, Guo X, Zhang F, Deng HW. Assessing the Genetic Correlations Between Blood Plasma Proteins and Osteoporosis: A Polygenic Risk Score Analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:171-181. [PMID: 30306195 PMCID: PMC6368453 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease. The impact of global blood plasma proteins on the risk of osteoporosis remains elusive now. We performed a large-scale polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis to evaluate the potential effects of blood plasma proteins on the development of osteoporosis in 2286 Caucasians, including 558 males and 1728 females. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone areas at ulna & radius, hip, and spine were measured using Hologic 4500W DXA. BMD/bone areas values were adjusted for age, sex, height, and weight as covariates. Genome-wide SNP genotyping of 2286 Caucasian subjects was performed using Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0. The 267 blood plasma proteins-associated SNP loci and their genetic effects were obtained from recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a highly multiplexed aptamer-based affinity proteomics platform. The polygenetic risk score (PRS) of study subjects for each blood plasma protein was calculated from the genotypes data of the 2286 Caucasian subjects by PLINK software. Pearson correlation analysis of individual PRS values and BMD/bone area value was performed using R. Additionally, gender-specific analysis also was performed by Pearson correlation analysis. 267 blood plasma proteins were analyzed in this study. For BMD, we observed association signals between 41 proteins and BMD, mainly including whole body total BMD versus Factor H (p value = 9.00 × 10-3), whole body total BMD versus BGH3 (p value = 1.40 × 10-2), spine total BMD versus IGF-I (p value = 2.15 × 10-2), and spine total BMD versus SAP (p value = 3.90 × 10-2). As for bone areas, association evidence was observed between 45 blood plasma proteins and bone areas, such as ferritin versus spine area (p value = 1.90 × 10-2), C4 versus hip area (p value = 1.25 × 10-2), and hemoglobin versus right ulna and radius area (p value = 2.70 × 10-2). Our study results suggest the modest impact of blood plasma proteins on the variations of BMD/bone areas, and identify several candidate blood plasma proteins for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Population Health Promotion in Sick Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 410000, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Liu Z, Solesio ME, Schaffler MB, Frikha-Benayed D, Rosen CJ, Werner H, Kopchick JJ, Pavlov EV, Abramov AY, Yakar S. Mitochondrial Function Is Compromised in Cortical Bone Osteocytes of Long-Lived Growth Hormone Receptor Null Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:106-122. [PMID: 30216544 PMCID: PMC7080402 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased longevity and resistance to multiple stressors, growth hormone receptor null (GHRKO) mice exhibit severe skeletal impairment. The role of GHR in maintaining osteocyte mitochondrial function is unknown. We found that GHR ablation was detrimental to osteocyte mitochondrial function. In vivo multiphoton microscopy revealed significant reductions of >10% in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in GHRKO osteocytes and reduced mitochondrial volumetric density. Reductions in MMP were accompanied by reductions in glucose transporter-1 levels, steady state ATP, NADH redox index, oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial reserve capacity in GHRKO osteocytes. Glycolytic capacity did not differ between control and GHRKO males' osteocytes. However, osteocytes from aged female GHRKO mice exhibited reductions in glycolytic parameters, indicating impairments in glucose metabolism, which may be sex dependent. GHRKO osteocytes exhibited increased levels of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) (both basal and in response to high glucose), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin. Mitochondrial ROS levels were increased and correlated with reduced glutathione in GHRKO osteocytes. Overall, the compromised osteocyte mitochondrial function and responses to metabolic insults strongly correlated with skeletal impairments, suggesting that despite increased life span of the GHRKO mice, skeletal health span is decreased. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Solesio
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorra Frikha-Benayed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Baer TG, Agarwal S, Chen S, Chiuzan C, Sopher A, Tao R, Hassoun A, Shane E, Fennoy I, Oberfield SE, Vuguin PM. Deficits in Bone Geometry in Growth Hormone-Deficient Prepubertal Boys Revealed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 92:293-301. [PMID: 32224610 PMCID: PMC7192784 DOI: 10.1159/000506229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although growth hormone (GH) is essential for attainment of peak bone mass, bone health in prepubertal children with GH deficiency is not routinely evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone microarchitecture in GH-deficient (GHD) boys using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). METHODS Fifteen control and fifteen GHD, GH naïve pre-pubertal boys were recruited for a case-control study at a major academic center. Subjects with panhypopituitarism, chromosomal pathology, chronic steroids, or stimulant use were excluded. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; total, cortical, and trabecular), bone geometry (total, cortical and trabecular cross-sectional area, cortical perimeter), bone microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength of the distal radius and tibia were assessed by HR-pQCT. Areal BMD and body composition were assessed by DXA. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), osteocalcin, C telopeptide, and P1NP levels were measured. RESULTS GHD subjects had a significantly smaller cortical perimeter of the distal radius compared to controls (p < 0.001), with the difference in cortical perimeter persisting after adjusting for height z score, age, lean mass, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (p < 0.05).No significant differences were found in vBMD. No significant differences were found in microarchitecture, estimated strength, areal BMD, body composition, or bone turnover markers. Analysis showed significant positive correlations between IGF-1 levels and cortical parameters. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal GHD boys had deficits in bone geometry not evident with DXA. Larger prospective/longitudinal HR-pQCT studies are needed to determine the extent of these deficits, the need for routine bone evaluation, and the timing of GH replacement for prevention or restoration of these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar G. Baer
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Sanchita Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Shaoxuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Aviva Sopher
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Rachel Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Abeer Hassoun
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Sharon E. Oberfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
| | - Patricia M. Vuguin
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (NY) USA
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14
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Qin L, Guo X, Gao L, Wang Z, Feng C, Deng K, Lian W, Xing B. Preoperative and Postoperative Bone Mineral Density Change and Risk Factor Analysis in Patients with a GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:2102616. [PMID: 31781204 PMCID: PMC6875336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analysed changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites in patients with acromegaly and postoperative BMD changes and explored risk factors associated with BMD. METHODS Clinical data of 39 patients with growth hormone- (GH-) secreting pituitary adenomas and 29 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas who were newly diagnosed in neurosurgery from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analysed, including measurements of preoperative and postoperative BMD, serum GH glucose inhibition, random GH and IGF-1, and other anterior pituitary hormones. RESULTS The average patient age and disease duration were 43.74 (33.41-54.07) years and 72.15 (22.82-121.48) months, respectively. Compared with patients with nonfunctioning adenomas, patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas had significantly higher BMDs at L1, L2, femoral neck, Ward triangle, trochanter, femoral shaft, and total hip sites (p < 0.05). The BMD Z score at L1 and femoral neck sites significantly increased (p < 0.05). Thirteen patients underwent re-examination of BMD 1 year postsurgery, and the BMD Z score was reduced to normal levels at L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4, and L2-L4 compared with preoperative levels (p < 0.05). Postoperative BMD Z scores in the femoral neck and total hip were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Disease duration was negatively correlated with the lumbar-spine BMD Z score. IGF-1 burden was negatively correlated with the BMD Z score at L1 and L1-L4. Multiple regression analysis showed that IGF-1 burden was a risk factor for a BMD Z score decrease at L1 and L1-L4. CONCLUSION BMD in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas (compared with nonfunctional adenomas) increased at L1, L2, femoral neck, Ward triangle, trochanter, femoral shaft, and total hip sites. Lumbar-spine BMD Z score recovered to normal levels postsurgically when GH and IGF-1 levels were controlled. BMD Z score was negatively correlated with disease duration and IGF-1 burden in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, and IGF-1 burden was an independent risk factor for reduced lumbar-spine BMD Z score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li'nan Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenzhe Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kan Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100730, China
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15
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Perez JR, Kouroupis D, Li DJ, Best TM, Kaplan L, Correa D. Tissue Engineering and Cell-Based Therapies for Fractures and Bone Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 30109228 PMCID: PMC6079270 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant source of patient morbidity and place a staggering economic burden on the healthcare system. The annual cost of treating bone defects in the US has been estimated to be $5 billion, while enormous costs are spent on bone grafts for bone injuries, tumors, and other pathologies associated with defective fracture healing. Autologous bone grafts represent the gold standard for the treatment of bone defects. However, they are associated with variable clinical outcomes, postsurgical morbidity, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to circumvent these limitations, tissue engineering and cell-based therapies have been proposed as alternatives to induce and promote bone repair. This review focuses on the recent advances in bone tissue engineering (BTE), specifically looking at its role in treating delayed fracture healing (non-unions) and the resulting segmental bone defects. Herein we discuss: (1) the processes of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation; (2) the role of stem cells, looking specifically at mesenchymal (MSC), embryonic (ESC), and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells as viable building blocks to engineer bone implants; (3) the biomaterials used to direct tissue growth, with a focus on ceramic, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials; (4) the growth factors and molecular signals used to induce differentiation of stem cells into the osteoblastic lineage, which ultimately leads to active bone formation; and (5) the mechanical stimulation protocols used to maintain the integrity of the bone repair and their role in successful cell engraftment. Finally, a couple clinical scenarios are presented (non-unions and avascular necrosis—AVN), to illustrate how novel cell-based therapy approaches can be used. A thorough understanding of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies may allow for better incorporation of these potential therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for proper bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Perez
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Deborah J Li
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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16
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Yakar S, Werner H, Rosen CJ. Insulin-like growth factors: actions on the skeleton. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T115-T137. [PMID: 29626053 PMCID: PMC5966339 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the growth hormone (GH)-mediated somatic factors (somatomedins), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, has elicited an enormous interest primarily among endocrinologists who study growth and metabolism. The advancement of molecular endocrinology over the past four decades enables investigators to re-examine and refine the established somatomedin hypothesis. Specifically, gene deletions, transgene overexpression or more recently, cell-specific gene-ablations, have enabled investigators to study the effects of the Igf1 and Igf2 genes in temporal and spatial manners. The GH/IGF axis, acting in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion, is the major axis controlling skeletal growth. Studies in rodents have clearly shown that IGFs regulate bone length of the appendicular skeleton evidenced by changes in chondrocytes of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. IGFs affect radial bone growth and regulate cortical and trabecular bone properties via their effects on osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast function. Interactions of the IGFs with sex steroid hormones and the parathyroid hormone demonstrate the significance and complexity of the IGF axis in the skeleton. Finally, IGFs have been implicated in skeletal aging. Decreases in serum IGFs during aging have been correlated with reductions in bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This review highlights many of the most relevant studies in the IGF research landscape, focusing in particular on IGFs effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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17
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Canalis E. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Novel anabolic treatments for osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R33-R44. [PMID: 29113980 PMCID: PMC5819362 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal anabolic agents enhance bone formation, which is determined by the number and function of osteoblasts. Signals that influence the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast lineage play a role in the mechanism of action of anabolic agents in the skeleton. Wnts induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblasts, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) enhances the function of mature osteoblasts. The activity of Wnt and IGF-I is controlled by proteins that bind to the growth factor or to its receptors. Sclerostin is a Wnt antagonist that binds to Wnt co-receptors and prevents Wnt signal activation. Teriparatide, a 1-34 amino terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and abaloparatide, a modified 1-34 amino terminal fragment of PTH-related peptide (PTHrp), induce IGF-I, increase bone mineral density (BMD), reduce the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures and are approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Romosozumab, a humanized anti-sclerostin antibody, increases bone formation, decreases bone resorption, increases BMD and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures. An increased incidence of cardiovascular events has been associated with romosozumab, which is yet to be approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. In conclusion, cell and molecular studies have formed the foundation for the development of new anabolic therapies for osteoporosis with proven efficacy on the incidence of new fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Bieghs L, Johnsen HE, Maes K, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M, Conover CA, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The insulin-like growth factor system in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48732-48752. [PMID: 27129151 PMCID: PMC5217049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy. The MM cells reside in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. As in most cancers, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. The IGF system consists of IGF ligands, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases and contributes not only to the survival, proliferation, and homing of MM cells, but also MM-associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. Furthermore, increased IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression on MM cells correlates with a poor prognosis in MM patients. Despite the prominent role of the IGF system in MM, strategies targeting the IGF-IR using blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have failed to translate into the clinic. However, increasing preclinical evidence indicates that IGF-I is also involved in the development of drug resistance against current standard-of-care agents against MM, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and corticoids. IGF-IR targeting has been able to overcome or revert this drug resistance in animal models, enhancing the efficacy of standard-of-care agents. This finding has generated renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of IGF-I targeting in MM. The present review provides an update of the impact of the different IGF system components in MM and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Hinton PS, Nigh P, Thyfault J. Serum sclerostin decreases following 12months of resistance- or jump-training in men with low bone mass. Bone 2017; 96:85-90. [PMID: 27744012 PMCID: PMC5328803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that 12months of resistance training (RT, 2×/wk, N=19) or jump training (JUMP, 3×/wk, N=19) increased whole body and lumbar spine BMD and increased serum bone formation markers relative to resorption in physically active (≥4h/wk) men (mean age: 44±2y; median: 44y) with osteopenia of the hip or spine. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effects of the RT or JUMP intervention on potential endocrine mediators of the exercise effects on bone, specifically IGF-I, PTH and sclerostin. METHODS Fasting blood samples were collected after a 24-h period of no exercise at baseline and after 12months of RT or JUMP. IGF-I, PTH and sclerostin were measured in serum by ELISA. The effects of RT or JUMP on IGF-I, PTH and sclerostin were evaluated using 2×2 repeated measures ANOVA (time, group). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Missouri IRB. RESULTS Sclerostin concentrations in serum significantly decreased and IGF-I significantly increased after 12months of RT or JUMP; while PTH remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of long-term, progressive-intensity RT or JUMP on BMD in moderately active men with low bone mass are associated with decreased sclerostin and increased IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Peggy Nigh
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - John Thyfault
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Internal Medicine - Division of GI and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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20
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Sundararaghavan V, Mazur MM, Evans B, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. Diabetes and bone health: latest evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2017; 9:67-74. [PMID: 28344668 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16687480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, research on some of the lesser-known effects, including impaired bone health, are gaining a lot of attention. The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These two differ in their physiology, with T1DM stemming from an inability to produce insulin, and T2DM involving an insufficient response to the insulin that is produced. This review aims to highlight the most current information regarding diabetes as it relates to bone health. It looks at biochemical changes that characterize diabetic bone; notably increased adiposity, altered bone metabolism, and variations in bone mineral density (BMD). Then several hypotheses are analyzed, concerning how these changes may be detrimental to the highly orchestrated processes that are involved in bone formation and turnover, and ultimately result in the distinguishing features of diabetic bone. The review proceeds by explaining the effects of antidiabetes medications on bone health, then highlighting several ways that diabetes can play a part in other clinical treatment outcomes. With diabetes negatively affecting bone health and creating other clinical problems, and its treatment options potentiating these effects, physicians should consider the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs to supplement standard anti-diabetes medications in patients suffering with diabetic bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brad Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3065 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nabil A Ebraheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, which is characterized by resorption of bone exceeding formation, remains a significant human health concern, and the impact of this condition will only increase with the "graying" of the worldwide population. This review focuses on current and emerging approaches for delivering therapeutic agents to restore bone remodeling homeostasis. Well-known antiresorptive and anabolic agents, such as estrogen, estrogen analogs, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, along with newer modulators and antibodies, are primarily administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Although these treatments can be effective, continuing problems include patient noncompliance and adverse systemic or remote-site effects. Controlled drug delivery via polymeric, targeted, and active release systems extends drug half-life by shielding against premature degradation and improves bioavailability while also providing prolonged, sustained, or intermittent release at therapeutic doses to more effectively treat osteoporosis and associated fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Asafo-Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A Najarzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - D A Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
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22
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Milman S, Huffman DM, Barzilai N. The Somatotropic Axis in Human Aging: Framework for the Current State of Knowledge and Future Research. Cell Metab 2016; 23:980-989. [PMID: 27304500 PMCID: PMC4919980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations resulting in reduced signaling of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis are associated with increased life- and healthspan across model organisms. Similar findings have been noted in human cohorts with functional mutations in the somatotropic axis, suggesting that this pathway may also be relevant to human aging and protection from age-related diseases. While epidemiological data indicate that low circulating IGF-1 level may protect aging populations from cancer, results remain inconclusive regarding most other diseases. We propose that studies in humans and animals need to consider differences in sex, pathway function, organs, and time-specific effects of GH/IGF-1 signaling in order to better define the role of the somatotropic axis in aging. Agents that modulate signaling of the GH/IGF-1 pathway are available for human use, but before they can be implemented in clinical studies that target aging and age-related diseases, researchers need to address the challenges discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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23
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Chin KY, Wan Ngah WZ, Ima-Nirwana S. Lessons from the Bone Chapter of the Malaysian Aging Men Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060531. [PMID: 27231930 PMCID: PMC4923988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Male osteoporosis in Malaysia is a largely neglected problem. Therefore, a bone health study in men using quantitative ultrasonometry was launched as part of the Malaysian Aging Men Study in 2009–2012. This review aimed to summarize the findings of the aforementioned bone health study. The study examined the bone health of Chinese and Malaysian men aged 20 years and above living in Kuala Lumpur using a quantitative ultrasound device. Participants answered a questionnaire on their demographic details and physical activity status. Body anthropometry of the participants was measured and their blood collected for biochemical analysis. Results showed that a significant proportion of the Malaysian Chinese and Malay men had suboptimal bone health indicated by calcaneal speed of sound and vitamin D status. Age-related decline of the calcaneal speed of sound in these men was gradual and biphasic without ethnic difference. Body anthropometry such as height, weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage contributed to the variation of the calcaneal speed of sound in Malaysian men. Age-related changes in testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid stimulating hormone also influenced the calcaneal speed of sound in these men. This study serves as a reminder that male osteoporosis in Malaysia should be an issue of concern. It is also a basis for a more comprehensive study on bone health in men in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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24
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Ashpole NM, Herron JC, Estep PN, Logan S, Hodges EL, Yabluchanskiy A, Humphrey MB, Sonntag WE. Differential effects of IGF-1 deficiency during the life span on structural and biomechanical properties in the tibia of aged mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:38. [PMID: 26968399 PMCID: PMC5005911 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced aging is associated with the loss of structural and biomechanical properties in bones, which increases the risk for bone fracture. Aging is also associated with reductions in circulating levels of the anabolic signaling hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. While the role of IGF-1 in bone development has been well characterized, the impact of the age-related loss of IGF-1 on bone aging remains controversial. Here, we describe the effects of reducing IGF-1 at multiple time points in the mouse life span--early in postnatal development, early adulthood, or late adulthood on tibia bone aging in both male and female igf (f/f) mice. Bone structure was analyzed at 27 months of age using microCT. We find that age-related reductions in cortical bone fraction, cortical thickness, and tissue mineral density were more pronounced when IGF-1 was reduced early in life and not in late adulthood. Three-point bone bending assays revealed that IGF-1 deficiency early in life resulted in reduced maximum force, maximum bending moment, and bone stiffness in aged males and females. The effects of IGF-1 on bone aging are microenvironment specific, as early-life loss of IGF-1 resulted in decreased cortical bone structure and strength along the diaphysis while significantly increasing trabecular bone fraction and trabecular number at the proximal metaphysis. The increases in trabecular bone were limited to males, as early-life loss of IGF-1 did not alter bone fraction or number in females. Together, our data suggest that the age-related loss of IGF-1 influences tibia bone aging in a sex-specific, microenvironment-specific, and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ashpole
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn C Herron
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Patrick N Estep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Erik L Hodges
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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25
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Ashpole NM, Herron JC, Mitschelen MC, Farley JA, Logan S, Yan H, Ungvari Z, Hodges EL, Csiszar A, Ikeno Y, Humphrey MB, Sonntag WE. IGF-1 Regulates Vertebral Bone Aging Through Sex-Specific and Time-Dependent Mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:443-54. [PMID: 26260312 PMCID: PMC4854536 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced aging is associated with increased risk of bone fracture, especially within the vertebrae, which exhibit significant reductions in trabecular bone structure. Aging is also associated with a reduction in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Studies have suggested that the reduction in IGF-1 compromises healthspan, whereas others report that loss of IGF-1 is beneficial because it increases healthspan and lifespan. To date, the effect of decreases in circulating IGF-1 on vertebral bone aging has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we delineate the consequences of a loss of circulating IGF-1 on vertebral bone aging in male and female Igf(f/f) mice. IGF-1 was reduced at multiple specific time points during the mouse lifespan: early in postnatal development (crossing albumin-cyclic recombinase [Cre] mice with Igf(f/f) mice); and in early adulthood and in late adulthood using hepatic-specific viral vectors (AAV8-TBG-Cre). Vertebrae bone structure was analyzed at 27 months of age using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and quantitative bone histomorphometry. Consistent with previous studies, both male and female mice exhibited age-related reductions in vertebral bone structure. In male mice, reduction of circulating IGF-1 induced at any age did not diminish vertebral bone loss. Interestingly, early-life loss of IGF-1 in females resulted in a 67% increase in vertebral bone volume fraction, as well as increased connectivity density and increased trabecular number. The maintenance of bone structure in the early-life IGF-1-deficient females was associated with increased osteoblast surface and an increased ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor-activator of NF-κB-ligand (RANKL) levels in circulation. Within 3 months of a loss of IGF-1, there was a 2.2-fold increase in insulin receptor expression within the vertebral bones of our female mice, suggesting that local signaling may compensate for the loss of circulating IGF-1. Together, these data suggest the age-related loss of vertebral bone density in females can be reduced by modifying circulating IGF-1 levels early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ashpole
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C Herron
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew C Mitschelen
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie A Farley
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Han Yan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Erik L Hodges
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Veterans' Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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26
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Ekbote VH, Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Mughal Z, Chiplonkar SA, Palande SA, Phanse-Gupte SS, Patwardhan VG, Shilvant DS. Relationship of insulin-like growth factor 1 and bone parameters in 7-15 years old apparently, healthy Indian children. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19:770-774. [PMID: 26693426 PMCID: PMC4673804 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.167549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in both bone growth and mineralization. This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between serum IGF-1 concentrations and dual energy X-ray (DXA) measured whole body less head bone area (BA), lean body mass (LBM), and bone mineral content (BMC). METHODS One hundred and nineteen children (boys = 70, age = 7.3-15.6 years) were studied for their anthropometric parameters by standard methods and bone and body composition by DXA. Their fasting serum IGF-1 concentrations were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Z-scores were calculated using available reference data. Bone and body composition parameter Z-scores were calculated using ethnic reference data. RESULTS Mean age of the boys and girls was similar (11.5 ± 1.8 years). The mean serum IGF-1concentrations and IGF-1 Z-scores were similar (P > 0.1) between boys and girls and were of the order of (302.3 ± 140.0 and - 1.4 ± 1.1, respectively). The LBM for age and BA for age Z-score was greater in children with IGF-1 Z-score > median than children with IGF-1 Z-score < median. The mean BMC for age Z-scores were 0.4 ± 0.9 and - 0.2 ± 0.8 in children with above and below the median of IGF-1 Z-score (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION Serum IGF-1 levels were more strongly associated with BA and LBM, suggesting that its effect on bone is greater with respect to periosteal bone acquisition and through its effect on muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena H. Ekbote
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman V. Khadilkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha V. Khadilkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zulf Mughal
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Shashi A. Chiplonkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonal A. Palande
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya S. Phanse-Gupte
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek G. Patwardhan
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanashri S. Shilvant
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Saeed H, Qiu W, Li C, Flyvbjerg A, Abdallah BM, Kassem M. Telomerase activity promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating IGF-signaling pathway. Biogerontology 2015; 16:733-45. [PMID: 26260615 PMCID: PMC4602053 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of deficient telomerase activity to age-related decline in osteoblast functions and bone formation is poorly studied. We have previously demonstrated that telomerase over-expression led to enhanced osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells (hMSC) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the signaling pathways underlying the regulatory functions of telomerase in osteoblastic cells. Comparative microarray analysis and Western blot analysis of telomerase-over expressing hMSC (hMSC-TERT) versus primary hMSC revealed significant up-regulation of several components of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. Specifically, a significant increase in IGF-induced AKT phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were observed in hMSC-TERT. Enhanced ALP activity was reduced in presence of IGF1 receptor inhibitor: picropodophyllin. In addition, telomerase deficiency caused significant reduction in IGF signaling proteins in osteoblastic cells cultured from telomerase deficient mice (Terc(-/-)). The low bone mass exhibited by Terc(-/-) mice was associated with significant reduction in serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 as well as reduced skeletal mRNA expression of Igf1, Igf2, Igf2r, Igfbp5 and Igfbp6. IGF1-induced osteoblast differentiation was also impaired in Terc(-/-) MSC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that impaired IGF/AKT signaling contributes to the observed decreased bone mass and bone formation exhibited by telomerase deficient osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Chen Li
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Department of Endcrinology, University Hosptial of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Faculty of Scince, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Biotechnology Center, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, SDU, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Stem Cell Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Cho JH, Kim JH, Lee HK. The relationship between breast density and bone mineral density after menopause. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1243-6. [PMID: 25995598 PMCID: PMC4434019 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between breast
density and bone mineral density after menopause. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were
130 patients who participated in a bone densitometry test and had a mammogram taken
between January 1st, 2013 to October 1st, 2014. The mammograms were scored breast
imaging-reporting and data system. Grade 1 indicates almost only fat, Grade 2 indicates
fibroglandular densities, Grade 3 indicates heterogeneously dense tissue, and Grade 4
indicates an extreme density. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate the
relationship between breast density grades and bone mineral densities by age and body mass
index. [Results] Breast density had a close relationship with age (−0.59), Body mass index
(−0.39), and T-score (0.29). The results indicate that as age and body mass index
increase, the grade of the breast density decreases, and as the T-score increases, the
grade increases. [Conclusion] A precise evaluation of the of breast cancer risk associated
with breast density should be conducted as a large scale prospective study for women in
Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Cho
- Department of International Radiological Science, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of International Radiological Science, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Republic of Korea ; Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kag Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
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Sroga GE, Wu PC, Vashishth D. Insulin-like growth factor 1, glycation and bone fragility: implications for fracture resistance of bone. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117046. [PMID: 25629402 PMCID: PMC4309541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our extensive knowledge of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) action on the growing skeleton, its role in skeletal homeostasis during aging and age-related development of certain diseases is still unclear. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) derived from glucose are implicated in osteoporosis and a number of diabetic complications. We hypothesized that because in humans and rodents IGF1 stimulates uptake of glucose (a glycation substrate) from the bloodstream in a dose-dependent manner, the decline of IGF1 could be associated with the accumulation of glycation products and the decreasing resistance of bone to fracture. To test the aforementioned hypotheses, we used human tibial posterior cortex bone samples to perform biochemical (measurement of IGF1, fluorescent AGEs and pentosidine (PEN) contents) and mechanical tests (crack initiation and propagation using compact tension specimens). Our results for the first time show a significant, age-independent association between the levels of IGF1 and AGEs. Furthermore, AGEs (fAGEs, PEN) predict propensity of bone to fracture (initiation and propagation) independently of age in human cortical bone. Based on these results we propose a model of IGF1-based regulation of bone fracture. Because IGF1 level increases postnatally up to the juvenile developmental phase and decreases thereafter with aging, we propose that IGF1 may play a protective role in young skeleton and its age-related decline leads to bone fragility and an increased fracture risk. Our results may also have important implications for current understanding of osteoporosis- and diabetes-related bone fragility as well as in the development of new diagnostic tools to screen for fragile bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping-Cheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cao Z, Moore BT, Wang Y, Peng XH, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P. MiR-422a as a potential cellular microRNA biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97098. [PMID: 24820117 PMCID: PMC4018259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the etiology of various diseases. However, little is known about their roles in the development of osteoporosis. Circulating monocytes are osteoclast precursors that also produce various factors important for osteoclastogenesis. Previously, we have identified a potential biomarker miR-133a in circulating monocytes for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we aimed to further identify significant miRNA biomarkers in human circulating monocytes underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used ABI TaqMan miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR validation in human circulating monocytes from 10 high BMD and 10 low BMD postmenopausal Caucasian women to identify miRNA biomarkers. MiR-422a was up-regulated with marginal significance (P = 0.065) in the low compared with the high BMD group in the array analysis. However, a significant up-regulation of miR-422a was identified in the low BMD group by qRT-PCR analysis (P = 0.029). We also performed bioinformatic target gene analysis and found several potential target genes of miR-422a which are involved in osteoclastogenesis. Further qRT-PCR analyses of the target genes in the same study subjects showed that the expression of five of these genes (CBL, CD226, IGF1, PAG1, and TOB2) correlated negatively with miR-422a expression. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that miR-422a in human circulating monocytes (osteoclast precursors) is a potential miRNA biomarker underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Moore
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yang Wang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xian-Hao Peng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Locatelli V, Bianchi VE. Effect of GH/IGF-1 on Bone Metabolism and Osteoporsosis. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:235060. [PMID: 25147565 PMCID: PMC4132406 DOI: 10.1155/2014/235060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are fundamental in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue formation by acting directly and indirectly on target cells; IGF-1 is a critical mediator of bone growth. Clinical studies reporting the use of GH and IGF-1 in osteoporosis and fracture healing are outlined. Methods. A Pubmed search revealed 39 clinical studies reporting the effects of GH and IGF-1 administration on bone metabolism in osteopenic and osteoporotic human subjects and on bone healing in operated patients with normal GH secretion. Eighteen clinical studies considered the effect with GH treatment, fourteen studies reported the clinical effects with IGF-1 administration, and seven related to the GH/IGF-1 effect on bone healing. Results. Both GH and IGF-1 administration significantly increased bone resorption and bone formation in the most studies. GH/IGF-1 administration in patients with hip or tibial fractures resulted in increased bone healing, rapid clinical improvements. Some conflicting results were evidenced. Conclusions. GH and IGF-1 therapy has a significant anabolic effect. GH administration for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures may greatly improve clinical outcome. GH interacts with sex steroids in the anabolic process. GH resistance process is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Locatelli
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio E. Bianchi
- Endocrinology Department, Area Vasta N. 1, Cagli, Italy
- *Vittorio E. Bianchi:
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Crane JL, Cao X. Function of matrix IGF-1 in coupling bone resorption and formation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:107-15. [PMID: 24068256 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Balancing bone resorption and formation is the quintessential component for the prevention of osteoporosis. Signals that determine the recruitment, replication, differentiation, function, and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts direct bone remodeling and determine whether bone tissue is gained, lost, or balanced. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways involved in the coupling process will help develop further targets for osteoporosis therapy, by blocking bone resorption or enhancing bone formation in a space- and time-dependent manner. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) has long been known to play a role in bone strength. It is one of the most abundant substances in the bone matrix, circulates systemically and is secreted locally, and has a direct relationship with bone mineral density. Recent data has helped further our understanding of the direct role of IGF-1 signaling in coupling bone remodeling which will be discussed in this review. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a critical role in the fate of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells and thus how IGF-1 interacts with other factors in the microenvironment are equally important. While previous clinical trials with IGF-1 administration have been unsuccessful at enhancing bone formation, advances in basic science studies have provided insight into further mechanisms that should be considered for future trials. Additional basic science studies dissecting the regulation and the function of matrix IGF-1 in modeling and remodeling will continue to provide further insight for future directions for anabolic therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 229, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Crowther NJ, Hough FS, Ferris WF. The interrelationship between bone and fat: from cellular see-saw to endocrine reciprocity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2331-49. [PMID: 23178849 PMCID: PMC11113730 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of mature osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes in bone is influenced by the differentiation of the common mesenchymal progenitor cell towards one phenotype and away from the other. Consequently, factors which promote adipogenesis not only lead to fatty marrow but also inhibit osteoblastogenesis, resulting in decreased osteoblast numbers, diminished bone formation and, potentially, inadequate bone mass and osteoporosis. In addition to osteoblast and bone adipocyte numbers being influenced by this skewing of progenitor cell differentiation towards one phenotype, mature osteoblasts and adipocytes secrete factors which may evoke changes in the cell fate and function of each other. This review examines the endogenous factors, such as PPAR-γ2, Wnt, IGF-1, GH, FGF-2, oestrogen, the GP130 signalling cytokines, vitamin D and glucocorticoids, which regulate the selection between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis and the interrelationship between fat and bone. The role of adipokines on bone, such as adiponectin and leptin, as well as adipose-derived oestrogen, is reviewed and the role of bone as an energy regulating endocrine organ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - N. J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 South Africa
| | - F. S. Hough
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - W. F. Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
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Kanai T, Jenks J, Nadeau KC. The STAT5b Pathway Defect and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2012; 3:234. [PMID: 22912632 PMCID: PMC3418548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b is a universal transcription factor that plays key biological roles in allergic diseases, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunities, cancers, hematological diseases, growth disorders, and lung diseases. The identification of distinct pathological manifestations of STAT5b deficiency in humans has highlighted the critical role of the STAT5b pathway. Proper gene transcription at IL-2R α, FOXP3, Bcl-2, and growth hormone (GH) associated loci are thought to be associated with normal STAT5b transcriptional activity. These genes are thought to play important roles in allergy/autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, cancer/anemia, and growth, respectively. The STAT5A and STAT5B genes are collocated on 17q11. Although these two monomeric proteins exhibit peptide sequence similarities of >90%, it is known through observations of STAT5b deficient subjects that STAT5a and STAT5b are not fully redundant in humans. Patients with STAT5b deficiency have decreased numbers of regulatory CD4+CD25high T cell (Treg) despite their STAT5a levels being normal. Prior studies on STAT5b deficient subjects have revealed immunological aberrations associated with the following disease phenotype: modest lymphopenia and decreased populations of Treg, γ−δ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Most subjects with STAT5b deficiency show severe eczema, and autoimmune disease (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura) which are thought to be associated with Treg dysfunction. We will review the likely pathophysiological mechanisms associated with STAT5b deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kanai
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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Myers TJ, Yan Y, Granero-Molto F, Weis JA, Longobardi L, Li T, Li Y, Contaldo C, Ozkan H, Spagnoli A. Systemically delivered insulin-like growth factor-I enhances mesenchymal stem cell-dependent fracture healing. Growth Factors 2012; 30:230-41. [PMID: 22559791 PMCID: PMC3752908 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2012.683188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effectiveness of systemic subcutaneous delivery of recombinant Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concurrently with primary cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplant on fracture repair. We found that the fracture callus volume increased in mice with a stabilized tibia fracture that received IGF-I+MSC when compared with that in either untreated or MSC alone treated mice. In evaluating the callus tissue components, we found that the soft and new bone tissue volumes were significantly increased in IGF-I+MSC recipients. Histological and in-situ hybridization analyses confirmed a characteristic increase of newly forming bone in IGF-I+MSC recipients and that healing progressed mostly through endochondral ossification. The increase in soft and new bone tissue volumes correlated with increased force and toughness as determined by biomechanical testing. In conclusion, MSC transplant concurrent with systemic delivery of IGF-I improves fracture repair suggesting that IGF-I+MSC could be a novel therapeutic approach in patients who have inadequate fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7039, USA
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Kawai M, Rosen CJ. The insulin-like growth factor system in bone: basic and clinical implications. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2012; 41:323-33, vi. [PMID: 22682633 PMCID: PMC3576021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulatory system is critical for skeletal growth and maintenance. Initially there was great hope that the recombinant IGFs might be used clinically for disorders ranging from short stature to fracture repair and osteoporosis. Although this potential was not realized, basic and translational studies have continued, providing significant insights into the role of this family of growth factors in skeletal homeostasis and the pathophysiology of several bone disorders. This article reviews the importance of the IGF regulatory system in skeletal growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan 594-1101
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:319-32. [PMID: 22451239 PMCID: PMC3374119 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences bone metabolism, but the relation of T2DM with bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of the literature to estimate the difference in BMD (g/cm2) between diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Ovid extracting data from articles prior to May 2010. Eligible studies were those where the association between T2DM and BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using a cross-sectional, cohort or case–control design, including both healthy controls and subjects with T2DM. The analysis was done on 15 observational studies (3,437 diabetics and 19,139 controls). Meta-analysis showed that BMD in diabetics was significantly higher, with pooled mean differences of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) at the femoral neck, 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.08) at the hip and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.07) at the spine. The differences for forearm BMD were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Sex-stratified analyses showed similar results in both genders. Substantial heterogeneity was found to originate from differences in study design and possibly diabetes definition. Also, by applying meta-regression we could establish that younger age, male gender, higher body mass index and higher HbA1C were positively associated with higher BMD levels in diabetic individuals. We conclude that individuals with T2DM from both genders have higher BMD levels, but that multiple factors influence BMD in individuals with T2DM.
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Granero-Moltó F, Myers TJ, Weis JA, Longobardi L, Li T, Yan Y, Case N, Rubin J, Spagnoli A. Mesenchymal stem cells expressing insulin-like growth factor-I (MSCIGF) promote fracture healing and restore new bone formation in Irs1 knockout mice: analyses of MSCIGF autocrine and paracrine regenerative effects. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1537-48. [PMID: 21786367 DOI: 10.1002/stem.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Failures of fracture repair (nonunions) occur in 10% of all fractures. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in tissue regeneration appears to be rationale, safe, and feasible. The contributions of MSC to the reparative process can occur through autocrine and paracrine effects. The primary objective of this study is to find a novel mean, by transplanting primary cultures of bone marrow-derived MSCs expressing insulin-like growth factor-I (MSC(IGF)), to promote these seed-and-soil actions of MSC to fully implement their regenerative abilities in fracture repair and nonunions. MSC(IGF) or traceable MSC(IGF)-Lac-Z were transplanted into wild-type or insulin-receptor-substrate knockout (Irs1(-/-)) mice with a stabilized tibia fracture. Healing was assessed using biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (μCT), and histological analyses. We found that systemically transplanted MSC(IGF) through autocrine and paracrine actions improved the fracture mechanical strength and increased new bone content while accelerating mineralization. We determined that IGF-I adapted the response of transplanted MSC(IGF) to promote their differentiation into osteoblasts. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that IGF-I-induced osteoglastogenesis in MSCs was dependent of an intact IRS1-PI3K signaling. Furthermore, using Irs1(-/-) mice as a nonunion fracture model through altered IGF signaling, we demonstrated that the autocrine effect of IGF-I on MSC restored the fracture new bone formation and promoted the occurrence of a well-organized callus that bridged the gap. A callus that was basically absent in Irs1(-/-) left untransplanted or transplanted with MSCs. We provided evidence of effects and mechanisms for transplanted MSC(IGF) in fracture repair and potentially to treat nonunions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Vandenput L, Sjögren K, Svensson J, Ohlsson C. The role of IGF-1 for fracture risk in men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:51. [PMID: 22649422 PMCID: PMC3355958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are essential for the achievement of normal longitudinal bone growth and bone mass. Preclinical studies using various knockout models have shown that both endocrine (mostly liver-derived) IGF-1 and bone-derived IGF-1 contribute to normal longitudinal skeletal growth and cortical bone size. Since bone size is an important determinant of bone strength, and hence fracture risk, we evaluated the predictive role of serum IGF-1 for fracture risk. The population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sweden cohort recently showed for the first time that older men with low serum IGF-1 levels have an increased fracture risk, especially for the two most important fracture types, hip and vertebral fractures. This association between serum IGF-1 and incident fracture risk is partly mediated via bone mineral density. Future studies are required to identify the mechanisms by which endocrine and local IGF-1 regulate skeletal growth and bone size. In addition, possible mediators affecting the impact of IGF-1 on fractures in men remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- *Correspondence: Claes Ohlsson, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, University of Gothenburg,Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. e-mail:
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41
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de Paula FJA, Rosen CJ. Vitamin D safety and requirements. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 523:64-72. [PMID: 22179017 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D an ancient secosteroid is essential for mineral homeostasis, bone remodeling, immune modulation, and energy metabolism. Recently, debates have emerged about the daily vitamin D requirements for healthy and elderly adults, the safety and efficacy of long term supplementation and the role of vitamin D deficiency in several chronic disease states. Since this molecule acts as both a vitamin and a hormone, it should not be surprising that the effects of supplementation are multi-faceted and complex. Yet despite significant progress in the last decade, our understanding of vitamin D physiology and the clinical relevance of low circulating levels of this vitamin remains incomplete. The present review provides the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of vitamin D requirements and safety. It also raises some provocative research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J A de Paula
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
With an increase in the average life span especially in the Western hemisphere, there is renewed interest in treating maladies of old age including osteoporosis. Age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis substantially increase risk of fractures and morbidity in the geriatric population leading to both a decline in the quality of life for the elderly as well as a substantial burden on the health care system. Herein, we review recent research in murine and rodent models looking at how both extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormones, biochemicals, neuromodulators, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, nutrition, and exercise influence the skeleton with age. Recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow, and the fate of the marrow mesenchymal stromal cell population, which can give rise to either bone-forming osteoblasts or fat-forming adipocytic cells as a function of age, have also been highlighted. An appreciable range of studies using aging murine as well as cellular models are discussed, as these studies have broadened our understanding of the pathways and players in the aging bone. Impactful information regarding aging and the bone may then allow the application of better pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic regimens to alleviate bone loss due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01545, USA.
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Shim JH, Greenblatt MB, Singh A, Brady N, Hu D, Drapp R, Ogawa W, Kasuga M, Noda T, Yang SH, Lee SK, Rebel VI, Glimcher LH. Administration of BMP2/7 in utero partially reverses Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome-like skeletal defects induced by Pdk1 or Cbp mutations in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 122:91-106. [PMID: 22133875 DOI: 10.1172/jci59466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) are a major cause of the human skeletal dysplasia Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS); however, the mechanism by which these mutations affect skeletal mineralization and patterning is unknown. Here, we report the identification of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) as a key regulator of CBP activity and demonstrate that its functions map to both osteoprogenitor cells and mature osteoblasts. In osteoblasts, PDK1 activated the CREB/CBP complex, which in turn controlled runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) activation and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). These pathways also operated in vivo, as evidenced by recapitulation of RTS spectrum phenotypes with osteoblast-specific Pdk1 deletion in mice (Pdk1osx mice) and by the genetic interactions observed in mice heterozygous for both osteoblast-specific Pdk1 deletion and either Runx2 or Creb deletion. Finally, treatment of Pdk1osx and Cbp+/- embryos with BMPs in utero partially reversed their skeletal anomalies at birth. These findings illustrate the in vivo function of the PDK1-AKT-CREB/CBP pathway in bone formation and provide proof of principle for in utero growth factor supplementation as a potential therapy for skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Simmons JH, Raines M, Ness KD, Hall R, Gebretsadik T, Mohan S, Spagnoli A. Metabolic control and bone health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 2011:13. [PMID: 22029838 PMCID: PMC3215174 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2011-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, yet the etiologies remain elusive. Early detection of derangements in bone biomarkers during adolescence could lead to timely recognition. In adolescents with T1D, we evaluated the relationships between metabolic control, BMD, and bone anabolic and turnover markers. Methods Cross-sectional study of 57 adolescent subjects with T1D who had HbA1c consistently ≥ 9% (Poor Control, PC n = 27) or < 9% (Favorable Control, FC n = 30) for two years prior to enrollment. Subjects had T1DM for at least three years and were without diabetes complications, known celiac disease, or other chronic diseases. Results There were no differences between HbA1c groups in BMD, components of the IGF system, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D abnormalities was similar to that seen in the general adolescent population. Few patients met the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin D or calcium. Conclusions These data provide no evidence of association between degree of metabolic control and BMD in adolescents with T1D. Adolescents with T1D have a high prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D abnormalities. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the predictive value of vitamin D abnormalities on fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill H Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The definition of bone quality is evolving particularly from the perspective of anabolic agents that can enhance not only bone mineral density but also bone microarchitecture, composition, morphology, amount of microdamage, and remodeling dynamics. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES This review summarizes the molecular pathways and physiologic effects of current and potential anabolic drugs. METHODS From a MEDLINE search (1996-2010), articles were identified by the search terms "bone quality" (1851 articles), "anabolic agent" (5044 articles), "PTH or parathyroid hormone" (32,229 articles), "strontium" or "strontium ranelate" (283 articles), "prostaglandin" (77,539 articles), and "statin" or "statins" (14,233 articles). The search strategy included combining each with the phrase "bone quality." Another more limited search aimed at finding more novel potential agents. RESULTS Parathyroid hormone is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved bone anabolic agent in the United States and has been the most extensively studied in in vitro animal and human trials. Strontium ranelate is approved in Europe but has not undergone Food and Drug Administration trials in the United States. All the studies on prostaglandin agonists have used in vivo animal models and there are no human trials examining prostaglandin agonist effects. The advantages of statins include the long-established advantages and safety profile, but they are limited by their bioavailability in bone. Other potential pathways include proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and sclerostin (SOST) inhibition, among others. CONCLUSIONS The ongoing research to enhance the anabolic potential of current agents, identify new agents, and develop better delivery systems will greatly enhance the management of bone quality-related injuries and diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Sibai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite 808, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Elise F. Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Thomas A. Einhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite 808, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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46
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Pye SR, Almusalam B, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Borghs H, Gielen E, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi IT, Kula K, Labrie F, Lean MEJ, Pendleton N, Punab M, Silman AJ, Wu FCW, O’Neill TW. Influence of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3 on bone health: results from the European Male Ageing Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:503-10. [PMID: 21503646 PMCID: PMC3920365 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I on calcaneal ultrasound parameters in middle-aged and elderly European men. Men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers for participation in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Subjects were invited by letter to complete a postal questionnaire and to attend for an interviewer-assisted questionnaire, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus, and a fasting blood sample from which serum levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, estradiol (E(2)), and SHBG were assayed. The questionnaires included the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and questions about smoking and alcohol consumption. Estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) was derived as a function of the QUS parameters speed of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation. Height and weight were measured in all subjects. 3057 men, mean age 59.7 years (standard deviation 11.0) were included in the analysis. After adjusting for age, center, and BMI, higher levels of IGFBP-1 were associated with lower eBMD. Higher levels of both IGFBP-3 and IGF-I were associated with higher eBMD. After further adjustment for PASE score, current smoking, alcohol consumption, free E(2), and SHBG, IGFBP-3 and IGF-I, though not IGFBP-1, remained significantly associated with eBMD. IGFBP-1 was associated with bone health, though the effect could be explained by other factors. IGFBP-3 and IGF-I were independent determinants of bone health in middle-aged and elderly European men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Pye
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bader Almusalam
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Boonen
- Leuven University Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghs
- Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Leuven University Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith E Adams
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, and the Royal Infirmary, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, and the Royal Infirmary, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-Gyorgy Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS); CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph D Finn
- Andrology Research Unit, Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Gianni Forti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Thang S Han
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Fernand Labrie
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael EJ Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Neil Pendleton
- School of Community Based Medicine, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Frederick CW Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, Developmental & Regenerative Biomedicine Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O’Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Courtland HW, Elis S, Wu Y, Sun H, Rosen CJ, Jepsen KJ, Yakar S. Serum IGF-1 affects skeletal acquisition in a temporal and compartment-specific manner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14762. [PMID: 21445249 PMCID: PMC3060807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a critical role in the development of the growing skeleton by establishing both longitudinal and transverse bone accrual. IGF-1 has also been implicated in the maintenance of bone mass during late adulthood and aging, as decreases in serum IGF-1 levels appear to correlate with decreases in bone mineral density (BMD). Although informative, mouse models to date have been unable to separate the temporal effects of IGF-1 depletion on skeletal development. To address this problem, we performed a skeletal characterization of the inducible LID mouse (iLID), in which serum IGF-1 levels are depleted at selected ages. We found that depletion of serum IGF-1 in male iLID mice prior to adulthood (4 weeks) decreased trabecular bone architecture and significantly reduced transverse cortical bone properties (Ct.Ar, Ct.Th) by 16 weeks (adulthood). Likewise, depletion of serum IGF-1 in iLID males at 8 weeks of age, resulted in significantly reduced transverse cortical bone properties (Ct.Ar, Ct.Th) by 32 weeks (late adulthood), but had no effect on trabecular bone architecture. In contrast, depletion of serum IGF-1 after peak bone acquisition (at 16 weeks) resulted in enhancement of trabecular bone architecture, but no significant changes in cortical bone properties by 32 weeks as compared to controls. These results indicate that while serum IGF-1 is essential for bone accrual during the postnatal growth phase, depletion of IGF-1 after peak bone acquisition (16 weeks) is compartment-specific and does not have a detrimental effect on cortical bone mass in the older adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden-William Courtland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Elis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Jepsen
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Kawai M, Rosen CJ. The IGF-I regulatory system and its impact on skeletal and energy homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:14-9. [PMID: 20506515 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is important in the acquisition and maintenance of both soft and hard tissues. Skeletal remodeling requires energy and recent work has demonstrated that bone can influence insulin sensitivity and thereby regulate metabolic processes. New insights from mouse models into the role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) as more than mere depots for the IGFs has reignited investigations into the metabolic targets influenced by the IGF regulatory system and the pathways that link bone to adipose tissue. Although there remains continued uncertainty about the relative balance between the effects of circulating versus tissue IGF-I actions, the role of the IGFBPs has been redefined both as modulators of IGF-I action and as independent signaling factors. This review highlights several recent findings that shed new light on the physiologic role of the IGF regulatory system and its influence on skeletal and fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Center for Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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49
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Abstract
The skeleton provides mechanical support for stature and locomotion, protects vital organs, and controls mineral homeostasis. A healthy skeleton must be maintained by constant bone modeling to carry out these crucial functions throughout life. Bone remodeling involves the removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts (bone resorption) and the subsequent replacement of new bone formed by osteoblasts (bone formation). Normal bone remodeling requires a tight coupling of bone resorption to bone formation to guarantee no alteration in bone mass or quality after each remodeling cycle. However, this important physiological process can be derailed by a variety of factors, including menopause-associated hormonal changes, age-related factors, changes in physical activity, drugs, and secondary diseases, which lead to the development of various bone disorders in both women and men. We review the major diseases of bone remodeling, emphasizing our current understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- Department of Pathology and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007; ,
| | - Jay M. McDonald
- Department of Pathology and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007; ,
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
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50
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Kawai M, Delany AM, Green CB, Adamo ML, Rosen CJ. Nocturnin suppresses igf1 expression in bone by targeting the 3' untranslated region of igf1 mRNA. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4861-70. [PMID: 20685873 PMCID: PMC2946149 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IGF-I is an anabolic factor that mediates GH and PTH actions in bone. Expression of skeletal Igf1 differs for inbred strains of mice, and Igf expression levels correlate directly with bone mass. Previously we reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 activation in bone marrow suppressed Igf1 expression and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 activation-induced Nocturnin (Noc) expression, a circadian gene with peak expression at light offset, which functions as a deadenylase. In 24-h studies we found that Igf1 mRNA exhibited a circadian rhythm in femur with the lowest Igf1 transcript levels at night when Noc transcripts were highest. Immunoprecipitation/RT-PCR analysis revealed a physical interaction between Noc protein and Igf1 transcripts. To clarify which portions of the Igf1 3' untranslated region (UTR) were necessary for regulation by Noc, we generated luciferase constructs containing various lengths of the Igf1 3'UTR. Noc did not affect the 170-bp short-form 3'UTR, but suppressed luciferase activity in constructs bearing the longer-form 3'UTR, which contains a number of potential regulatory motifs involved in mRNA degradation. C57BL/6J mice have low skeletal Igf1 mRNA compared with C3H/HeJ mice, and the Igf1 3' UTR is polymorphic between these strains. Interestingly, the activity of luciferase constructs bearing the long-form 3'UTR from C57BL/6J mice were repressed by Noc overexpression, whereas those bearing the corresponding region from C3H/HeJ were not. In summary, Noc interacts with Igf1 in a strain- and tissue-specific manner and reduces Igf1 expression by targeting the longer form of the Igf1 3'UTR. Posttranscriptional regulation of Igf1 may be critically important during skeletal acquisition and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Center for Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074-7205, USA
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