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Kalantar GH, Saraswat S, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Gholamrezaeinejad F, Javidan A, Agrawal M, Liu R, Kern PA, Zhang XD, Nikolajczyk BS. Fasting and Glucose Metabolism Differentially Impact Peripheral Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1404. [PMID: 38794641 PMCID: PMC11124302 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines produced by peripheral T-helper 1/17 cells disproportionately contribute to the inflammation (i.e., metaflammation) that fuels type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. Shifts in the nutrient milieu could influence inflammation through changes in T-cell metabolism. We aimed to determine whether changes in glucose utilization alter cytokine profiles in T2D. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T-cells, and CD4+CD25- T-effector (Teff) cells were isolated from age-matched humans classified by glycemic control and BMI. Cytokines secreted by CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs and Teff were measured in supernatants with multiplex cytokine assays and a FLEXMAP-3D. Metabolic activity of stimulated CD4+ T-cells was measured by a Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. In this study, we demonstrated that T-cell stimulated PBMCs from non-fasted people with T2D produced higher amounts of cytokines compared to fasting. Although dysglycemia characterizes T2D, cytokine production by PBMCs or CD4+ T-cells in T2D was unaltered by hyperglycemic media. Moreover, pharmacological suppression of mitochondrial glucose oxidation did not change T-cell metabolism in T2D, yet enhanced cytokine competency. In conclusion, fasting and glucose metabolism differentially impact peripheral inflammation in human T2D, suggesting that glucose, along with fatty acid metabolites per our previous work, partner to regulate metaflammation. These data expose a major disconnect in the use of glycemic control drugs to target T2D-associated metaflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H. Kalantar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Shubh Saraswat
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.S.); (X.D.Z.)
| | - Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Fatemeh Gholamrezaeinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Aida Javidan
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.S.); (X.D.Z.)
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA (F.G.); (A.J.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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2
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Lei L, Cui L, Mao Y, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Dong S, Wang Y. Augmented CD25 and CD69 expression on circulating CD8+ T cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus with albuminuria. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 43:382-384. [PMID: 27818037 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lei
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China.
| | - L Cui
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China
| | - Y Mao
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - X Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China
| | - S Dong
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Division of Hematology and Endocrinology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Affiliate, Beijing, China
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Tuorkey MJ. Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Interv Med Appl Sci 2016; 8:109-117. [PMID: 28203392 DOI: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity of Moringa oleifera. This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of M. oleifera and its impact on the immune tolerance. METHODS Alloxan-induced diabetes model for mice was used. A dose of 100 mg/kg of Moringa extract was orally administered to diabetic treated mice. Glucose and insulin levels were evaluated to calculate insulin resistance. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The relative percentage of CD44, CD69, and IFN-γ was investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS In diabetic mice, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was increased 4.5-fold than in the control group, and HOMA-IR was decreased 1.3-fold in the Moringa treatment group. The level of TAC was declined 1.94-fold in diabetic mice, and increased 1.67-fold in diabetic treated group. In diabetic mice, creatinine and BUN levels were significantly reduced 1.42- and 1.2-fold, respectively, in Moringa treatment mice. The relative percentage of CD44 was not changed in diabetic mice, but the relative percentage of CD69 was found to be increased. INF-γ was decreased 2.4-fold in diabetic mice and elevated in treated groups. CONCLUSION Moringa may ameliorate insulin resistance, increase TAC, and improve immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muobarak J Tuorkey
- Zoology Department, Division of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University , Damanhour, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Elsayh KI, Farghaly HS. Dendritic cells frequency and phenotype in Egyptian type 1 diabetic patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-013-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yang ML, Gee AJP, Gee RJ, Zurita-Lopez CI, Khare S, Clarke SG, Mamula MJ. Lupus autoimmunity altered by cellular methylation metabolism. Autoimmunity 2012; 46:21-31. [PMID: 23039363 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.732133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of both DNA and protein by methylation are key factors in normal T and B cell immune responses as well as in the development of autoimmune disease. For example, the failure to maintain the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in DNA triggers T cell autoreactivity. Methylated proteins are known targets of autoimmunity, including the symmetrical dimethylarginine residues of SmD1 and SmD3 in SLE. Herein, we demonstrate that altering the metabolism of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor for transmethylation reactions, can suppress T cell immunity. A by-product of SAM metabolism, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), and an indirect inhibitor of methyltransferases, inhibits T cell responses including T cell activation markers, Th1/Th2 cytokines and TCR-related signaling events. Moreover, treatment of the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse with MTA markedly ameliorates splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, autoantibody titers as well as IgG deposition and cellular infiltration in the kidney. Incubation of cells with SAM, which increases intracellular MTA levels, inhibits both TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and BCR (anti-IgM)-triggered B cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. These studies define the central role of MTA and SAM in immune responses and provide a simple approach to altering lymphocyte transmethylation and T cell mediated autoimmune syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Yang
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8031, USA
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6
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Gómez M, Sanz-González SM, Abu Nabah YN, Lamana A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Andrés V. Atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-null mice deficient for CD69. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:197-205. [PMID: 18703531 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by immune mechanisms. CD69 is a cell surface receptor rapidly induced after leukocyte activation at sites of chronic inflammation. Genetic disruption of CD69 in the mouse aggravates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and partial depletion of CD69-expressing cells with anti-CD69 monoclonal antibody (mAb) prevents CIA development in wild-type mice, suggesting that this receptor negatively modulates immune and inflammatory responses. It has been recently reported that CD69 is upregulated in a large subset of T cells in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-null mice (apoE(-/-)). In this study, we investigated whether altering CD69 function affects atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied native and diet-induced atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) and doubly deficient apoE(-/-)CD69(-/-) mice and performed expression studies in tissues and primary cells derived from these animals. Plasma cholesterol level was unaffected by CD69 genetic inactivation. Although this genetic manipulation led to an elevated production of interferon gamma and interleukin 10 by activated T cells, apoE(-/-) and apoE(-/-)CD69(-/-) mice fed control and high-fat diet exhibited atheromas of similar size and composition when analysed at different stages of the disease. Likewise, anti-CD69 mAb treatment had no effect on plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis burden in fat-fed apoE(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies highlighting the protective function of CD69 against CIA, an autoimmune inflammatory disease, our results rule out a significant role for CD69 against atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice, an experimental disease model featuring a local inflammatory response triggered and sustained by alterations in lipid homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Cholesterol/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Battaglia M, Roncarolo MG. In vivo neutralization of inflammatory cytokines might not be necessary for regulatory T-cell immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nri2138-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Suárez A, López P, Gómez J, Gutiérrez C. Enrichment of CD4+ CD25high T cell population in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with glucocorticoids. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1512-7. [PMID: 16606650 PMCID: PMC1798359 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.049924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise and quantify the CD4+ CD25+ T cell population in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to detect the possible influence of treatments and clinical manifestations. METHODS Characterisation of CD25(low) and CD25(high) CD4+ T cells from healthy controls and from patients with SLE was carried out using flow cytometry, analysing the expression of activation and differentiation markers. The percentage of both circulating cell subsets was determined in 56 controls and 110 unselected patients with SLE. Data were related to treatment during the past 3 months and to various clinical manifestations. RESULTS CD4+ CD25(high) lymphocytes from controls expressed low levels of CD69, CD154 or CD30, but also expressed glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor, high levels of intracellular cytotoxin T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CD45RO and diminished amounts of CD4, all of which are phenotypic characteristics of natural regulatory T cells. CD4+ CD25(low) cells, on the other hand, expressed the highest levels of activation markers, indicating that they represent recently activated effector cells. Similarly, analysis of cells from patients with SLE showed the same two phenotypically distinguishable CD4+ CD25(low) and CD4+ CD25(high) populations, although both expressed slightly increased levels of activation markers. Quantitative analysis showed a considerably raised percentage of CD25(low) and, especially, CD25(high) cells in patients with SLE compared with controls. This increment was unrelated to clinical manifestations, but correlated with glucocorticoid treatment. Patients treated with glucocorticoids presented raised levels of CD25(high) cells, whereas untreated patients and those with anti-malarial or immunosuppressive drugs had levels similar to those in controls. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of CD4+ CD25(high) cells was not altered in non-steroid-treated patients, whereas glucocorticoid treatment increased their frequency in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Immunology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Lindley S, Dayan CM, Bishop A, Roep BO, Peakman M, Tree TIM. Defective suppressor function in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005; 54:92-9. [PMID: 15616015 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a T-cell-mediated disease that is associated with loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. The mechanisms involved in maintenance of peripheral tolerance include a specialized subset of regulatory T-cells (Treg) within the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell population, but the function and phenotype of these cells in type 1 diabetes have not been investigated. We hypothesized that a deficiency in the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg population or its function could contribute to the lack of self-tolerance evident in patients with type 1 diabetes. We show that although levels of CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells are normal in patients with recent-onset adult type 1 diabetes, the ability of the Tregs in this population to suppress T-cell proliferation during in vitro cocultures is markedly reduced compared with control subjects (P = 0.007). Moreover, in patients with type 1 diabetes, these cocultures display a more proinflammatory phenotype, with increased secretion of interferon-gamma (P = 0.005) and decreased interleukin-10 production (P = 0.03). These deficiencies may reflect a disturbance in the balance of the CD4(+)CD25(+) population, because in patients with type 1 diabetes, a higher proportion of these cells coexpress the early activation marker CD69 (P = 0.007) and intracellular CTLA-4 (P = 0.01). These data demonstrate deficiency in function of the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg population that may influence the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Lindley
- Department of Immunobiology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, 2nd Floor, New Guy's House, Guy's Hospital London SE1 9RT, UK
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Ernerudh J, Ludvigsson J, Berlin G, Samuelsson U. Effect of photopheresis on lymphocyte population in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 11:856-61. [PMID: 15358643 PMCID: PMC515261 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.5.856-861.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years photopheresis has been claimed to be an effective form of immunomodulation. It has also been shown to have an effect on the disease process at the onset of type 1 diabetes. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study, we analyzed if the effect of photopheresis in children with newly diagnosed diabetes is related to changes in the balance of lymhocyte populations. We also analyzed if lymphocyte subsets were related to recent infection, mild or aggressive disease manifestations, heredity, or gender. Nineteen children received active treatment with photopheresis, while 21 children received sham pheresis (placebo group). No influence of a history of previous infection, heredity, or certain clinical parameters on lymphocyte subsets was found. At the onset of type 1 diabetes, girls showed a higher proportion and a larger number of T cells (CD3+) and T-helper cells (CD4+) and a higher proportion of naïve CD4+ CD45RA+ cells. In the placebo group, an increase in the number of subsets with the activated phenotype in both the CD4(CD29+) and the CD8 (CD11a+) compartments was noted during the course of the study. These changes did not occur in the photopheresis group. No relation between lymphocyte subsets and clinical outcome was found 1 year after the treatment with photopheresis. In conclusion, we found no major effect of photopheresis on lymphocyte populations in a group of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. However, in the placebo group the proportions of activated CD4 and CD8 cells increased over time. Since these changes did not occur in the actively treated group, our findings suggest that photopheresis may have some suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ernerudh
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Ferenczi K, Burack L, Pope M, Krueger JG, Austin LM. CD69, HLA-DR and the IL-2R identify persistently activated T cells in psoriasis vulgaris lesional skin: blood and skin comparisons by flow cytometry. J Autoimmun 2000; 14:63-78. [PMID: 10648117 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1999.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many lymphocyte-activation-associated molecules are observed by immunohistochemistry in psoriasis vulgaris lesional skin. Non-T cells in lesional skin also express these molecules. We quantitatively measured the number of T cells expressing cell surface activation-associated molecules (CD69, CD25, CD122, HLA-DR) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD28, CTLA-4, CD80, CD86), including a Type 2 T cell marker (CD30) and CD11b, by flow cytometry of skin and peripheral blood. T cells in single cell suspensions of psoriatic lesional-epidermis-expressed HLA-DR (86%), CD69 (59%), CD25 (55%), CD122 (44%), and CD28 (91%). Dermal T cells showed similar percentages except for CD69 (17%). CD69 was found directly in lesional skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Both CD4 and CD8 subsets from lesional skin contained large populations of CD25+ cells with a bias towards CD8 activation in the epidermis and towards CD4 activation in the dermis. CD86, CD80, CTLA-4, CD30 and CD11b were expressed by less than 23% of the T cell populations from both the epidermis and dermis. CD30+CD4+ cells were found two-fold over CD8+ T cells. These results show that the majority of lesional lymphocytes are persistently activated. We also found the majority of Type 2 associated markers primarily on the CD4+ epidermal T cell population. Psoriatic blood contained elevated levels of T cells expressing CD25, primarily within the CD8+ subset. Thus the majority of lesional T cells expressed the three primary activation markers, while psoriatic blood T cells were distinguished by an increase in CD25, specifically within the CTL population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ferenczi
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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