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Bhardwaj S, Grewal AK, Singh S, Dhankar V, Jindal A. An insight into the concept of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease: targeting molecular approach Nrf2, NF-κB, and CREB. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01502-2. [PMID: 38951436 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a most prevalent neurologic disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation, and excessive neuroinflammation. It affects various life tasks and reduces thinking, memory, capability, reasoning and orientation ability, decision, and language. The major parts responsible for these abnormalities are the cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Excessive inflammatory markers release, and microglial activation affect post-synaptic neurotransmission. Various mechanisms of AD pathogenesis have been explored, but still, there is a need to debate the role of NF-κB, Nrf2, inflammatory markers, CREB signaling, etc. In this review, we have briefly discussed the signaling mechanisms and function of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway, inflammatory mediators, microglia activation, and alteration of autophagy. NF-κB inhibition is a current strategy to counter neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain of individuals with AD. In clinical trials, numbers of NF-κB modulators are being examined. Recent reports revealed that molecular and cellular pathways initiate complex pathological competencies that cause AD. Moreover, this review will provide extensive knowledge of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and how these nuclear proteins affect neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaveta Bhardwaj
- G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sudhar, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Vaibhav Dhankar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Anu Jindal
- G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sudhar, Ludhiana, India
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Combined transcriptome studies identify AFF3 as a mediator of the oncogenic effects of β-catenin in adrenocortical carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2015. [PMID: 26214578 PMCID: PMC4521181 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a very aggressive tumor, and genomics studies demonstrate that the most frequent alterations of driver genes in these cancers activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the adrenal-specific targets of oncogenic β-catenin-mediating tumorigenesis have not being established. A combined transcriptomic analysis from two series of human tumors and the human ACC cell line H295R harboring a spontaneous β-catenin activating mutation was done to identify the Wnt/β-catenin targets. Seven genes were consistently identified in the three studies. Among these genes, we found that AFF3 mediates the oncogenic effects of β-catenin in ACC. The Wnt response element site located at nucleotide position −1408 of the AFF3 transcriptional start sites (TSS) mediates the regulation by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. AFF3 silencing decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in the ACC cell line H295R. AFF3 is located in nuclear speckles, which play an important role in RNA splicing. AFF3 overexpression in adrenocortical cells interferes with the organization and/or biogenesis of these nuclear speckles and alters the distribution of CDK9 and cyclin T1 such that they accumulate at the sites of AFF3/speckles. We demonstrate that AFF3 is a new target of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in ACC, acting on transcription and RNA splicing.
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Transcription factor cAMP response element modulator (Crem) restrains Pdgf-dependent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in mice. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:2165-77. [PMID: 25425331 PMCID: PMC4564437 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb)/cAMP response element modulator (Crem) family were linked to the switch from a contractile to a proliferating phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we analyzed the vascular function of Crem in mice with a global inactivation of Crem (Crem(-/-)). CRE-mediated transcriptional activity was enhanced in primary Crem(-/-) VSMCs under nonstimulated conditions and under stimulation with Forskolin and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) whereas stimulation with nitric oxide or cGMP showed no effect. This elevated CRE-mediated transcriptional activity as a result of Crem inactivation did not alter aortic contractility or fractions of proliferating or apoptotic aortic VSMCs in situ, and no impact of Crem inactivation on the development of atherosclerotic plaques was observed. Crem(-/-) mice exhibited an increased neointima formation after carotid ligation associated with an increased proliferation of VSMCs in the carotid media. Pdgf-stimulated proliferation of primary aortic Crem(-/-) VSMCs was increased along with an upregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Pdgf receptor, alpha polypeptide (Pdgfra), cyclophilin A (Ppia), the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (Rgs5), and Rho GTPase-activating protein 12 (Arhgap12). Taken together, our data reveal the inhibition of Pdgf-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs by repressing the Pdgf-stimulated CRE-mediated transcriptional activation as the predominant function of Crem in mouse vasculature suggesting an important role of Crem in vasculoproliferative diseases.
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Fujii H, Tamamori-Adachi M, Uchida K, Susa T, Nakakura T, Hagiwara H, Iizuka M, Okinaga H, Tanaka Y, Okazaki T. Marked cortisol production by intracrine ACTH in GIP-treated cultured adrenal cells in which the GIP receptor was exogenously introduced. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110543. [PMID: 25334044 PMCID: PMC4204891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in the human adrenal gland causes significant hypercortisolemia after ingestion of each meal and leads to Cushing’s syndrome, implying that human GIPR activation is capable of robustly activating adrenal glucocorticoid secretion. In this study, we transiently transfected the human GIPR expression vector into cultured human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (H295R) and treated them with GIP to examine the direct link between GIPR activation and steroidogenesis. Using quantitative RT-PCR assay, we examined gene expression of steroidogenic related proteins, and carried out immunofluorescence analysis to prove that forced GIPR overexpression directly promotes production of steroidogenic enzymes CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 at the single cell level. Immunofluorescence showed that the transfection efficiency of the GIPR gene in H295R cells was approximately 5%, and GIP stimulation enhanced CYP21A2 and CYP17A1 expression in GIPR-introduced H295R cells (H295R-GIPR). Interestingly, these steroidogenic enzymes were also expressed in the GIPR (–) cells adjacent to the GIPR (+) cells. The mRNA levels of a cholesterol transport protein required for all steroidogenesis, StAR, and steroidogenic enzymes, HSD3β2, CYP11A1, CYP21A2, and CYP17A1 increased 1.2-2.1-fold in GIP-stimulated H295R-GIPR cells. These changes were reflected in the culture medium in which 1.5-fold increase in the cortisol concentration was confirmed. Furthermore, the levels of adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor and ACTH precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA were upregulated 2- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Immunofluorescence showed that ACTH expression was detected in GIP-stimulated H295R-GIPR cells. An ACTH-receptor antagonist significantly inhibited steroidogenic gene expression and cortisol production. Immunostaining for both CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 was attenuated in cells treated with ACTH receptor antagonists as well as with POMC siRNA. These results demonstrated that GIPR activation promoted production and release of ACTH, and that steroidogenesis is activated by endogenously secreted ACTH following GIP administration, at least in part, in H295R cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Fujii
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT-A); (TO)
| | - Kousuke Uchida
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT-A); (TO)
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Guillaud-Bataille M, Ragazzon B, de Reyniès A, Chevalier C, Francillard I, Barreau O, Steunou V, Guillemot J, Tissier F, Rizk-Rabin M, René-Corail F, Ghuzlan AA, Assié G, Bertagna X, Baudin E, Le Bouc Y, Bertherat J, Clauser E. IGF2 promotes growth of adrenocortical carcinoma cells, but its overexpression does not modify phenotypic and molecular features of adrenocortical carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103744. [PMID: 25089899 PMCID: PMC4121173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) overexpression is an important molecular marker of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), which is a rare but devastating endocrine cancer. It is not clear whether IGF2 overexpression modifies the biology and growth of this cancer, thus more studies are required before IGF2 can be considered as a major therapeutic target. We compared the phenotypical, clinical, biological, and molecular characteristics of ACC with or without the overexpression of IGF2, to address these issues. We also carried out a similar analysis in an ACC cell line (H295R) in which IGF2 expression was knocked down with si- or shRNA. We found no significant differences in the clinical, biological and molecular (transcriptomic) traits between IGF2-high and IGF2-low ACC. The absence of IGF2 overexpression had little influence on the activation of tyrosine kinase pathways both in tumors and in H295 cells that express low levels of IGF2. In IGF2-low tumors, other growth factors (FGF9, PDGFA) are more expressed than in IGF2-high tumors, suggesting that they play a compensatory role in tumor progression. In addition, IGF2 knock-down in H295R cells substantially impaired growth (>50% inhibition), blocked cells in G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis (>2-fold). Finally, analysis of the 11p15 locus showed a paternal uniparental disomy in both IGF2-high and IGF2-low tumors, but low IGF2 expression could be explained in most IGF2-low ACC by an additional epigenetic modification at the 11p15 locus. Altogether, these observations confirm the active role of IGF2 in adrenocortical tumor growth, but also suggest that other growth promoting pathways may be involved in a subset of ACC with low IGF2 expression, which creates opportunities for the use of other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Guillaud-Bataille
- Paris Cardiovascular Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département de Biologie Hormonale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Paris Cardiovascular Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Francillard
- Paris Cardiovascular Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département de Biologie Hormonale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Barreau
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Steunou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Johann Guillemot
- Paris Cardiovascular Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Rizk-Rabin
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fernande René-Corail
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Bertagna
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Baudin
- Département d'Imagerie Médicale, Médecine nucléaire, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U938, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Clauser
- Paris Cardiovascular Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Département de Biologie Hormonale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Olala LO, Choudhary V, Johnson MH, Bollag WB. Angiotensin II-induced protein kinase D activates the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors and promotes StAR mRNA expression. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2524-33. [PMID: 24708239 PMCID: PMC4060184 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone synthesis is initiated upon the transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the cholesterol is hydrolyzed to pregnenolone. This process is the rate-limiting step in acute aldosterone production and is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. We have previously shown that angiotensin II (AngII) activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) promotes acute aldosterone production in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the downstream signaling effectors of AngII-stimulated PKD activity. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the constitutively active serine-to-glutamate PKD mutant enhances, whereas the dominant-negative serine-to-alanine PKD mutant inhibits, AngII-induced StAR mRNA expression relative to the vector control. PKD has been shown to phosphorylate members of the activating transcription factor (ATF)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) family of leucine zipper transcription factors, which have been shown previously to bind the StAR proximal promoter and induce StAR mRNA expression. In primary glomerulosa cells, AngII induces ATF-2 and CREB phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of the constitutively active PKD mutant enhances the AngII-elicited phosphorylation of ATF-2 and CREB, and the dominant-negative mutant inhibits this response. Furthermore, the constitutively active PKD mutant increases the binding of phosphorylated CREB to the StAR promoter. Thus, these data provide insight into the previously reported role of PKD in AngII-induced acute aldosterone production, providing a mechanism by which PKD may be mediating steroidogenesis in primary bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O Olala
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center (L.O.O., V.C., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia 30904; and Departments of Physiology (L.O.O., V.C., W.B.B.), Biostatistics and Epidemiology (M.H.J.), and Cell Biology and Anatomy and Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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de Joussineau C, Sahut-Barnola I, Tissier F, Dumontet T, Drelon C, Batisse-Lignier M, Tauveron I, Pointud JC, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Stratakis CA, Bertherat J, Val P, Martinez A. mTOR pathway is activated by PKA in adrenocortical cells and participates in vivo to apoptosis resistance in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5418-28. [PMID: 24865460 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is associated with inactivating mutations of the PRKAR1A tumor suppressor gene that encodes the regulatory subunit R1α of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In human and mouse adrenocortical cells, these mutations lead to increased PKA activity, which results in increased resistance to apoptosis that contributes to the tumorigenic process. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the possibility of a crosstalk between PKA and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in adrenocortical cells and its possible involvement in apoptosis resistance. Impact of PKA signaling on activation of the mTOR pathway and apoptosis was measured in a mouse model of PPNAD (AdKO mice), in human and mouse adrenocortical cell lines in response to pharmacological inhibitors and in PPNAD tissues by immunohistochemistry. AdKO mice showed increased mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway activity. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin restored sensitivity of adrenocortical cells to apoptosis in AdKO but not in wild-type mice. In both cell lines and mouse adrenals, rapid phosphorylation of mTORC1 targets including BAD proapoptotic protein was observed in response to PKA activation. Accordingly, BAD hyperphosphorylation, which inhibits its proapoptotic activity, was increased in both AdKO mouse adrenals and human PPNAD tissues. In conclusion, mTORC1 pathway is activated by PKA signaling in human and mouse adrenocortical cells, leading to increased cell survival, which is correlated with BAD hyperphosphorylation. These alterations could be causative of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille de Joussineau
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris 75014, France, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pathology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Coralie Drelon
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France and
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France and
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, PDEGEN, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris 75014, France, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pathology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France,
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Assié G, Libé R, Espiard S, Rizk-Rabin M, Guimier A, Luscap W, Barreau O, Lefèvre L, Sibony M, Guignat L, Rodriguez S, Perlemoine K, René-Corail F, Letourneur F, Trabulsi B, Poussier A, Chabbert-Buffet N, Borson-Chazot F, Groussin L, Bertagna X, Stratakis CA, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. ARMC5 mutations in macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2105-14. [PMID: 24283224 PMCID: PMC4727443 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1304603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia may be an incidental finding or it may be identified during evaluation for Cushing's syndrome. Reports of familial cases and the involvement of both adrenal glands suggest a genetic origin of this condition. METHODS We genotyped blood and tumor DNA obtained from 33 patients with corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (12 men and 21 women who were 30 to 73 years of age), using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, microsatellite markers, and whole-genome and Sanger sequencing. The effects of armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) inactivation and overexpression were tested in cell-culture models. RESULTS The most frequent somatic chromosome alteration was loss of heterozygosity at 16p (in 8 of 33 patients for whom data were available [24%]). The most frequent mutation identified by means of whole-genome sequencing was in ARMC5, located at 16p11.2. ARMC5 mutations were detected in tumors obtained from 18 of 33 patients (55%). In all cases, both alleles of ARMC5 carried mutations: one germline and the other somatic. In 4 patients with a germline ARMC5 mutation, different nodules from the affected adrenals harbored different secondary ARMC5 alterations. Transcriptome-based classification of corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia indicated that ARMC5 mutations influenced gene expression, since all cases with mutations clustered together. ARMC5 inactivation decreased steroidogenesis in vitro, and its overexpression altered cell survival. CONCLUSIONS Some cases of corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia appear to be genetic, most often with inactivating mutations of ARMC5, a putative tumor-suppressor gene. Genetic testing for this condition, which often has a long and insidious prediagnostic course, might result in earlier identification and better management. (Funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Assié
- From INSERM Unité 1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut Cochin (G.A., R.L., S.E., M.R.-R., A.G., W.L., O.B., L.L., S.R., K.P., F.R.-C., F.L., L. Groussin, X.B., B.R., J.B.), Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité (G.A., S.E., A.G., O.B., L.L., M.S., K.P., F.R.-C., L. Groussin, X.B., J.B.), Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases (G.A., R.L., O.B., L. Guignat, L. Groussin, X.B., J.B.), and Department of Pathology (M.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, and Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Tenon (N.C.-B.) - all in Paris; Unit of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier du Centre Bretagne, Site de Kério, Noyal-Pontivy (B.T.), Unit of Endocrinology, Hôtel Dieu du Creusot, Le Creusot (A.P.), and Department of Endocrinology Lyon-Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron (F.B.-C.) - all in France; and the Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and the Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.A.S.)
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9
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Increased hippocampal neurogenesis and accelerated response to antidepressants in mice with specific deletion of CREB in the hippocampus: role of cAMP response-element modulator τ. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13673-85. [PMID: 23966689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1669-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression as well as in the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, altering CREB levels appears to have differing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, depending on which brain region is examined. Furthermore, many manipulations of CREB lead to corresponding changes in other CREB family proteins, and the impact of these changes has been largely ignored. To further investigate the region-specific importance of CREB in depression-related behavior and antidepressant response, we used Creb(loxP/loxP) mice to localize CREB deletion to the hippocampus. In an assay sensitive to chronic antidepressant response, the novelty-induced hypophagia procedure, hippocampal CREB deletion, did not alter the response to chronic antidepressant treatment. In contrast, mice with hippocampal CREB deletion responded to acute antidepressant treatment in this task, and this accelerated response was accompanied by an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Upregulation of the CREB-family protein cAMP response-element modulator (CREM) was observed after CREB deletion. Viral overexpression of the activator isoform of CREM, CREMτ, in the hippocampus also resulted in an accelerated response to antidepressants as well as increased hippocampal neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration of CREMτ within the brain playing a role in behavior and specifically in behavioral outcomes following antidepressant treatment. The current results suggest that activation of CREMτ may provide a means to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy of current antidepressant treatment.
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10
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Gaujoux S, Hantel C, Launay P, Bonnet S, Perlemoine K, Lefèvre L, Guillaud-Bataille M, Beuschlein F, Tissier F, Bertherat J, Rizk-Rabin M, Ragazzon B. Silencing mutated β-catenin inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in the adrenocortical cancer cell line H295R. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55743. [PMID: 23409032 PMCID: PMC3567123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine neoplasm, with limited therapeutic options. Activating β-catenin somatic mutations are found in ACC and have been associated with a poor clinical outcome. In fact, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway seems to play a major role in ACC aggressiveness, and might, thus, represent a promising therapeutic target. Objective Similar to patient tumor specimen the H295 cell line derived from an ACC harbors a natural activating β-catenin mutation. We herein assess the in vitro and in vivo effect of β-catenin inactivation using a doxycyclin (dox) inducible shRNA plasmid in H295R adrenocortical cancer cells line (clone named shβ). Results Following dox treatment a profound reduction in β-catenin expression was detectable in shβ clones in comparison to control clones (Ctr). Accordingly, we observed a decrease in Wnt/βcatenin-dependent luciferase reporter activity as well as a decreased expression of AXIN2 representing an endogenous β-catenin target gene. Concomitantly, β-catenin silencing resulted in a decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle alterations with cell accumulation in the G1 phase and increased apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, on established tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice, 9 days of β-catenin silencing resulted in a significant reduction of CTNNB1 and AXIN2 expression. Moreover, continous β-catenin silencing, starting 3 days after tumor cell inoculation, was associated with a complete absence of tumor growth in the shβ group while tumors were present in all animals of the control group. Conclusion In summary, these experiments provide evidences that Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition in ACC is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gaujoux
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre Launay
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bonnet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Lefèvre
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Marine Guillaud-Bataille
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Rare Adrenal Cancer Network-Corticomédullosurrénale Tumeur Endocrine, Institut National du Cancer, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Rare Adrenal Cancer Network-Corticomédullosurrénale Tumeur Endocrine, Institut National du Cancer, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Rizk-Rabin
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
- Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Vezzosi D, Libé R, Baudry C, Rizk-Rabin M, Horvath A, Levy I, René-Corail F, Ragazzon B, Stratakis CA, Vandecasteele G, Bertherat J. Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) gene defects in patients with acth-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH): functional variants may contribute to genetic susceptibility of bilateral adrenal tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2063-9. [PMID: 22996146 PMCID: PMC3485605 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are key regulatory enzymes of intracellular cAMP levels. PDE11A function has been linked to predisposition to adrenocortical tumors. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to study the PDE11A gene in a large cohort of patients with ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) and in control subjects. DESIGN The PDE11A entire coding region was sequenced in 46 patients with AIMAH and 192 controls. Two variants found in AIMAH patients were transiently expressed in HEK 293 and adrenocortical H295R cells for further functional studies. RESULTS The frequency of all PDE11A variants was significantly higher among patients with AIMAH (28%) compared to controls (7.2%) (P = 5 × 10(-5)). Transfection of the two PDE11A variants found in AIMAH patients only (D609N or M878V) showed that cAMP levels were higher, after forskolin stimulation, in cells transfected with the PDE11A mutants, compared to cells transfected with the wild-type PDE11A in HEK 293 cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, transfection with mutants PDE11A increased transcriptional activity of a cAMP-response element reporter construct compared to wild-type PDE11A in HEK 293 cells (P < 0.0004 for D609N and P < 0.003 for M878V) and in the adrenocortical H295R cells (P < 0.05 for D609N and M878V). In addition, analysis of cAMP levels in intact living culture cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes showed increased cAMP in forskolin-treated cells transfected with PDE11A variants compared with wild-type PDE11A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that PDE11A genetic variants may increase predisposition to AIMAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vezzosi
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Cochin 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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12
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Meier RK, Clark BJ. Angiotensin II-dependent transcriptional activation of human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene by a 25-kDa cAMP-responsive element modulator protein isoform and Yin Yang 1. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1256-68. [PMID: 22253417 PMCID: PMC3281547 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene is a critical component in the angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent increase in aldosterone biosynthesis in the adrenal gland. The purpose of this study was to define the molecular mechanisms that mediate the Ang II-dependent increase in STARD1 gene (STAR) expression in H295R human adrenocortical cells. Mutational analysis of the STAR proximal promoter revealed that a nonconsensus cAMP-responsive element located at -78 bp relative to the transcription start site (-78CRE) is required for the Ang II-stimulated STAR reporter gene activity. DNA immunoaffinity chromatography identified a 25-kDa cAMP-responsive element modulator isoform and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as -78CRE DNA-binding proteins, and Ang II treatment of H295R cells increased expression of that 25-kDa CREM isoform. Small interfering RNA silencing of CREM and YY1 attenuated the Ang II-dependent increases in STAR reporter gene activity and STAR mRNA levels. Conversely, overexpression of CREM and YY1 in COS-1 cells resulted in transactivation of STAR reporter gene activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated recruitment of CREM and YY1 to the STAR promoter along with increased association of the coactivator cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) and increased phosphorylated RNA polymerase II after Ang II treatment. Together our data reveal that the Ang II-stimulated increase in STAR expression in H295R cells requires 25 kDa CREM and YY1. The recruitment of these transcription factors to the STAR proximal promoter results in association of CBP and activation of RNA polymerase II leading to increased STAR transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate K Meier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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13
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Zhu X, Han X, Blendy JA, Porter BE. Decreased CREB levels suppress epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 45:253-63. [PMID: 21867753 PMCID: PMC4011562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder yet no treatments aimed at preventing epilepsy have been developed. Several molecules including genes containing cAMP response elements (CREs) in their promoters have been identified that contribute to the development of epilepsy, a process called epileptogenesis. When phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) increases transcription from CRE regulated promoters. CREB phosphorylation is increased in rodent epilepsy models, and in the seizure onset region of humans with medically intractable epilepsy (Rakhade et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007; Lund et al., 2008). Here we show that mice with decreased CREB levels (CREB(α∆) mutants) have a ~50% reduction in spontaneous seizures following pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and require more stimulation to electrically kindle. Following SE, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) mRNAs are differentially up-regulated in the hippocampus and cortex of the CREB(α∆) mutants compared to wild-type mice, which may be contributing to differences in the severity of epilepsy. In contrast, we found no difference in KCC2 mRNA levels between the CREB(α∆) and wild-type mice after SE. The mechanism by which BDNF and ICER mRNAs increase specifically in the CREB(α∆) compared to wild-type mice following SE is not known. We did, however, find an increase in specific cAMP response element modulator (CREM) mRNA transcripts in the CREB(α∆) mutants that might be responsible for the differential regulation of BDNF and ICER after SE. Altering CREB activity following a neurologic insult provides a therapeutic strategy for modifying epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhu
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology
| | - Xiao Han
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pharmacology, TRL Building, 125 S. 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403,
| | - Brenda E. Porter
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Neurology and Pediatrics
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14
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Nogueira EF, Rainey WE. Regulation of aldosterone synthase by activator transcription factor/cAMP response element-binding protein family members. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1060-70. [PMID: 20097716 PMCID: PMC2840695 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone synthesis is regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and K(+) acting in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, in part through the regulation of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Here, we analyzed the role of cAMP response element (CRE)-binding proteins (CREBs) in the regulation of CYP11B2. Expression analysis of activator transcription factor (ATF)/CREB family members, namely the ATF1 and ATF2, the CREB, and the CRE modulator, in H295R cells and normal human adrenal tissue was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. Ang II-induced phosphorylation of ATF/CREB members was analyzed by Western blot analysis, and their subsequent binding to the CYP11B2 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Aldosterone production and CYP11B2 expression were measured in small interfering RNA-transfected cells to knockdown the expression of ATF/CREB members. CYP11B2 promoter activity was measured in H295R cells cotransfected with NURR1 (NR4A2) alone or with constitutively active vectors for ATF/CREB members. Ang II induced phosphorylation of ATF1, ATF2, and CRE modulator in a time-dependent manner. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, there was an increased association of these proteins with the CYP11B2 promoter after Ang II and K(+) treatment. Phosphorylated ATF/CREB members also bound the CYP11B2 promoter. Knockdown of ATF/CREB members reduced Ang II and K(+) induction of adrenal cell CYP11B2 mRNA expression and aldosterone production. The constitutively active ATF/CREB vectors increased the promoter activity of CYP11B2 and had a synergistic effect with NURR1. In summary, these results suggest that ATF/CREB and NGFI-B family members play a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of CYP11B2 and adrenal cell capacity to produce aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson F Nogueira
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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15
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Xu W, Kasper LH, Lerach S, Jeevan T, Brindle PK. Individual CREB-target genes dictate usage of distinct cAMP-responsive coactivation mechanisms. EMBO J 2007; 26:2890-903. [PMID: 17525731 PMCID: PMC1894772 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB is a key mediator of cAMP- and calcium-inducible transcription, where phosphorylation of serine 133 in its Kinase-Inducible Domain (KID) is often equated with transactivation. Phospho-Ser133 is required for CREB to bind the KIX domain of the coactivators CBP and p300 (CBP/p300) in vitro, although the importance of this archetype coactivator interaction for endogenous gene expression is unclear. Here, we show that the CREB interaction with KIX is necessary for only a part of cAMP-inducible transcription and CBP/p300 recruitment. Surprisingly, individual cAMP-inducible genes with CREB bound at their promoters differed in their reliance on KIX and none examined showed complete dependence. Alternatively, we found that arginine 314 (Arg314) in the CREB basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) domain contributed to CBP/p300 recruitment and KIX-independent CREB transactivation function. This implicates Transducer Of Regulated CREB (TORC), an unrelated cAMP-responsive coactivator that binds via Arg314, and which can bind CBP/p300, in these functions. Interestingly, KIX was also required for the full cAMP induction of a gene that did not require CREB. Thus, individual CREB-target gene context dictates the relative contribution of at least two different cAMP-responsive coactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lawryn H Kasper
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie Lerach
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul K Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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16
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Juang YT, Wang Y, Solomou EE, Li Y, Mawrin C, Tenbrock K, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Systemic lupus erythematosus serum IgG increases CREM binding to the IL-2 promoter and suppresses IL-2 production through CaMKIV. J Clin Invest 2005. [PMID: 15841182 DOI: 10.1172/jci200522854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells express high levels of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) that binds to the IL-2 promoter and represses the transcription of the IL-2 gene. This study was designed to identify pathways that lead to increased binding of CREM to the IL-2 promoter in SLE T cells. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) was found to be increased in the nucleus of SLE T cells and to be involved in the overexpression of CREM and its binding to the IL-2 promoter. Treatment of normal T cells with SLE serum resulted in increased expression of CREM protein, increased binding of CREM to the IL-2 promoter, and decreased IL-2 promoter activity and IL-2 production. This process was abolished when a dominant inactive form of CaMKIV was expressed in normal T cells. The effect of SLE serum resided within the IgG fraction and was specifically attributed to anti-TCR/CD3 autoantibodies. This study identifies CaMKIV as being responsible for the increased expression of CREM and the decreased production of IL-2 in SLE T cells and demonstrates that anti-TCR/CD3 antibodies present in SLE sera can account for the increased expression of CREM and the suppression of IL-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang-Taung Juang
- Department of Cellular Injury, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
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17
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Groussin L, Kirschner LS, Vincent-Dejean C, Perlemoine K, Jullian E, Delemer B, Zacharieva S, Pignatelli D, Carney JA, Luton JP, Bertagna X, Stratakis CA, Bertherat J. Molecular analysis of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) gene in patients with Carney complex and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) reveals novel mutations and clues for pathophysiology: augmented PKA signaling is associated with adrenal tumorigenesis in PPNAD. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:1433-42. [PMID: 12424709 PMCID: PMC378588 DOI: 10.1086/344579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2002] [Accepted: 09/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 11 new kindreds with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) or Carney complex (CNC) and found that 82% of the kindreds had PRKAR1A gene defects (including seven novel inactivating mutations), most of which led to nonsense mRNA and, thus, were not expressed in patients' cells. However, a previously undescribed base substitution in intron 6 (exon 6 IVS +1G-->T) led to exon 6 skipping and an expressed shorter PRKAR1A protein. The mutant protein was present in patients' leukocytes and tumors, and in vitro studies indicated that the mutant PRKAR1A activated cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling at the nuclear level. This is the first demonstration of an inactivating PRKAR1A mutation being expressed at the protein level and leading to stimulation of the PKA pathway in CNC patients. Along with the lack of allelic loss at the PRKAR1A locus in most of the tumors from this kindred, these data suggest that alteration of PRKAR1A function (not only its complete loss) is sufficient for augmenting PKA activity leading to tumorigenesis in tissues affected by CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Groussin
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Lawrence S. Kirschner
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Caroline Vincent-Dejean
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Eric Jullian
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Sabina Zacharieva
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - J. Aidan Carney
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Jean Pierre Luton
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Xavier Bertagna
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Departments of Endocrinology, Institut Cochin, INSERM U576, CNRS UMR 8104 IFR116, René Descartes-Paris V University, and Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Unit on Genetics and Endocrinology, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; Department of Endocrinology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and COMETE Network, France
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Jin K, Mao XO, Simon RP, Greenberg DA. Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and CREB binding protein (CBP) in global cerebral ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2001; 16:49-56. [PMID: 11345520 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:16:1:49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2000] [Accepted: 11/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in neuronal responses to ischemia. We examined the effect of global cerebral ischemia in the rat on the expression of CREB, its transcriptionally active phosphorylated form (pCREB), and the nuclear adaptor protein, CREB binding protein (CBP). Global ischemia induced the expression of pCREB and CBP in vulnerable neurons of the hippocampal CA1 sector. In primary cultures of murine cortical neurons subjected to hypoxia, CBP was selectively expressed in cells with morphologically intact cell nuclei, and not in cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei indicative of irreversibly damaged neurons. These results support a role for transcriptional activation by CREB and CBP in neuronal cell-survival programs following cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jin
- Buck Institute, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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