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Cela O, Scrima R, Pacelli C, Rosiello M, Piccoli C, Capitanio N. Autonomous Oscillatory Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity: Results of a Systematic Analysis Show Heterogeneity in Different In Vitro-Synchronized Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7797. [PMID: 39063035 PMCID: PMC11276763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillations of several physiological and behavioral processes are an established process in all the organisms anticipating the geophysical changes recurring during the day. The time-keeping mechanism is controlled by a transcription translation feedback loop involving a set of well-characterized transcription factors. The synchronization of cells, controlled at the organismal level by a brain central clock, can be mimicked in vitro, pointing to the notion that all the cells are endowed with an autonomous time-keeping system. Metabolism undergoes circadian control, including the mitochondrial terminal catabolic pathways, culminating under aerobic conditions in the electron transfer to oxygen through the respiratory chain coupled to the ATP synthesis according to the oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmotic mechanism. In this study, we expanded upon previous isolated observations by utilizing multiple cell types, employing various synchronization protocols and different methodologies to measure mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates under conditions simulating various metabolic stressors. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that mitochondrial respiratory activity undergoes rhythmic oscillations in all tested cell types, regardless of their individual respiratory proficiency, indicating a phenomenon that can be generalized. However, notably, while primary cell types exhibited similar rhythmic respiratory profiles, cancer-derived cell lines displayed highly heterogeneous rhythmic changes. This observation confirms on the one hand the dysregulation of the circadian control of the oxidative metabolism observed in cancer, likely contributing to its development, and on the other hand underscores the necessity of personalized chronotherapy, which necessitates a detailed characterization of the cancer chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (N.C.)
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2
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Otsuka K, Beaty LA, Sato M, Shitakura K, Kikuchi T, Okajima K, Terada S, Cornelissen G. Chronobioethics: Symphony of biological clocks observed by 7-day/24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular health. Biomed J 2024:100753. [PMID: 38906327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of desynchronized biological rhythms is becoming a primary public health concern. We assess complex and diverse inter-modulations among multi-frequency rhythms present in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). SUBJECTS and Methods: We performed 7-day/24-hour Ambulatory BP Monitoring in 220 (133 women) residents (23 to 74 years) of a rural Japanese town in Kochi Prefecture under everyday life conditions. RESULTS A symphony of biological clocks contributes to the preservation of a synchronized circadian system. (1) Citizens with an average 12.02-h period had fewer vascular variability disorders than those with shorter (11.37-h) or longer (12.88-h) periods (P<0.05), suggesting that the circasemidian rhythm is potentially important for human health. (2) An appropriate BP-HR coupling promoted healthier circadian profiles than a phase-advanced BP: lower 7-day nighttime SBP (106.8 vs. 112.9 mmHg, P=0.0469), deeper nocturnal SBP dip (20.5% vs. 16.8%, P=0.0101), and less frequent incidence of masked non-dipping (0.53 vs. 0.86, P=0.0378), identifying the night as an important time window. CONCLUSION Adaptation to irregular schedules in everyday life occurs unconsciously at night, probably initiated from the brain default mode network, in coordination with the biological clock system, including a reinforced about 12-hour clock, as "a biological clock-guided core integration system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Department of Chronomics and Gerontology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Larry A Beaty
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madoka Sato
- Department of Medicine, Jyoban Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Shitakura
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Higashi Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kikuchi
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Higashi Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okajima
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Higashi Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Terada
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamukura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Dion W, Tao Y, Chambers M, Zhao S, Arbuckle RK, Sun M, Kubra S, Nie Y, Ye M, Larsen MB, Camarco D, Ickes E, DuPont C, Wang H, Wang B, Liu S, Pi S, Chen BB, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu B. Nuclear speckle rejuvenation alleviates proteinopathies at the expense of YAP1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590103. [PMID: 38659924 PMCID: PMC11042303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments targeting individual protein quality control have limited efficacy in alleviating proteinopathies, highlighting the prerequisite for a common upstream druggable target capable of global proteostasis modulation. Building on our prior research establishing nuclear speckles as pivotal organelles responsible for global proteostasis transcriptional control, we aim to alleviate proteinopathies through nuclear speckle rejuvenation. We identified pyrvinium pamoate as a small-molecule nuclear speckle rejuvenator that enhances protein quality control while suppressing YAP1 signaling via decreasing the surface tension of nuclear speckle condensates through interaction with the intrinsically disordered region of nuclear speckle scaffold protein SON. In pre-clinical models, pyrvinium pamoate reduced tauopathy and alleviated retina degeneration by promoting autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system. Aberrant nuclear speckle morphology, reduced protein quality control and increased YAP1 activity were also observed in human tauopathies. Our study uncovers novel therapeutic targets for tackling protein misfolding disorders within an expanded proteostasis framework encompassing nuclear speckles and YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dion
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Yuren Tao
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Maci Chambers
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Riley K. Arbuckle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Sun
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Syeda Kubra
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Yuhang Nie
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Megan Ye
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Mads B. Larsen
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Camarco
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Eleanor Ickes
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Claire DuPont
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Haokun Wang
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, U.S.A
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, U.S.A
| | - Bill B Chen
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, U.S.A
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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4
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Kembro JM, Flesia AG, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Takahashi JS, Nieto PS. Dietary restriction modulates ultradian rhythms and autocorrelation properties in mice behavior. Commun Biol 2024; 7:303. [PMID: 38461321 PMCID: PMC10925031 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior emerges from integration of many processes with different spatial and temporal scales. Dynamical behavioral patterns, including daily and ultradian rhythms and the dynamical microstructure of behavior (i.e., autocorrelations properties), can be differentially affected by external cues. Identifying these patterns is important for understanding how organisms adapt to their environment, yet unbiased methods to quantify dynamical changes over multiple temporal scales are lacking. Herein, we combine a wavelet approach with Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to identify behavioral patterns and evaluate changes over 42-days in mice subjected to different dietary restriction paradigms. We show that feeding restriction alters dynamical patterns: not only are daily rhythms modulated but also the presence, phase and/or strength of ~12h-rhythms, as well as the nature of autocorrelation properties of feed-intake and wheel running behaviors. These results highlight the underlying complexity of behavioral architecture and offer insights into the multi-scale impact of feeding habits on physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Melissa Kembro
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA) and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- UNC, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ana Georgina Flesia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Matemática (CIEM, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Victoria América Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
| | - Paula Sofía Nieto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
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5
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Maczák B, Gingl Z, Vadai G. General spectral characteristics of human activity and its inherent scale-free fluctuations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2604. [PMID: 38297022 PMCID: PMC10830482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The scale-free nature of daily human activity has been observed in different aspects; however, the description of its spectral characteristics is incomplete. General findings are complicated by the fact that-although actigraphy is commonly used in many research areas-the activity calculation methods are not standardized; therefore, activity signals can be different. The presence of 1/f noise in activity or acceleration signals was mostly analysed for short time windows, and the complete spectral characteristic has only been examined in the case of certain types of them. To explore the general spectral nature of human activity in greater detail, we have performed Power Spectral Density (PSD) based examination and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) on several-day-long, triaxial actigraphic acceleration signals of 42 healthy, free-living individuals. We generated different types of activity signals from these, using different acceleration preprocessing techniques and activity metrics. We revealed that the spectra of different types of activity signals generally follow a universal characteristic including 1/f noise over frequencies above the circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, we discovered that the PSD of the raw acceleration signal has the same characteristic. Our findings prove that the spectral scale-free nature is generally inherent to the motor activity of healthy, free-living humans, and is not limited to any particular activity calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Maczák
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gingl
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Vadai
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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6
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Thoré ESJ, Aulsebrook AE, Brand JA, Almeida RA, Brodin T, Bertram MG. Time is of the essence: The importance of considering biological rhythms in an increasingly polluted world. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002478. [PMID: 38289905 PMCID: PMC10826942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms have a crucial role in shaping the biology and ecology of organisms. Light pollution is known to disrupt these rhythms, and evidence is emerging that chemical pollutants can cause similar disruption. Conversely, biological rhythms can influence the effects and toxicity of chemicals. Thus, by drawing insights from the extensive study of biological rhythms in biomedical and light pollution research, we can greatly improve our understanding of chemical pollution. This Essay advocates for the integration of biological rhythmicity into chemical pollution research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how chemical pollutants affect wildlife and ecosystems. Despite historical barriers, recent experimental and technological advancements now facilitate the integration of biological rhythms into ecotoxicology, offering unprecedented, high-resolution data across spatiotemporal scales. Recognizing the importance of biological rhythms will be essential for understanding, predicting, and mitigating the complex ecological repercussions of chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli S. J. Thoré
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- TRANSfarm—Science, Engineering, & Technology Group, KU Leuven, Lovenjoel, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne E. Aulsebrook
- Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Jack A. Brand
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Zhu B, Liu S, David NL, Dion W, Doshi NK, Siegel LB, Amorim T, Andrews RE, Naveen Kumar GV, Li H, Irfan S, Pesaresi T, Sharma AX, Sun M, Fazeli PK, Steinhauser ML. Evidence for conservation of primordial ~12-hour ultradian gene programs in humans under free-living conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539021. [PMID: 37205600 PMCID: PMC10187241 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While circadian rhythms are entrained to the once daily light-dark cycle of the sun, many marine organisms exhibit ~12h ultradian rhythms corresponding to the twice daily movement of the tides. Although human ancestors emerged from circatidal environment millions of years ago, direct evidence of ~12h ultradian rhythms in humans is lacking. Here, we performed prospective, temporal transcriptome profiling of peripheral white blood cells and identified robust ~12h transcriptional rhythms from three healthy participants. Pathway analysis implicated ~12h rhythms in RNA and protein metabolism, with strong homology to the circatidal gene programs previously identified in Cnidarian marine species. We further observed ~12h rhythms of intron retention events of genes involved in MHC class I antigen presentation, synchronized to expression of mRNA splicing genes in all three participants. Gene regulatory network inference revealed XBP1, and GABP and KLF transcription factor family members as potential transcriptional regulators of human ~12h rhythms. These results suggest that human ~12h biological rhythms have a primordial evolutionary origin with important implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie L. David
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Dion
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nandini K Doshi
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren B. Siegel
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tânia Amorim
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosemary E. Andrews
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - GV Naveen Kumar
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hanwen Li
- Department of Statistics, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saad Irfan
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tristan Pesaresi
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ankit X. Sharma
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle Sun
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pouneh K. Fazeli
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Otsuka K, Cornelissen G, Kubo Y, Shibata K, Mizuno K, Aiba T, Furukawa S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Methods for assessing change in brain plasticity at night and psychological resilience during daytime between repeated long-duration space missions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10909. [PMID: 37407662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the feasibility of analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) data from repeat-flier astronauts at matching days on two separate missions to assess any effect of repeated missions on brain plasticity and psychological resilience, as conjectured by Demertzi. As an example, on the second mission of a healthy astronaut studied about 20 days after launch, sleep duration lengthened, sleep quality improved, and spectral power (ms2) co-varying with activity of the salience network (SN) increased at night. HF-component (0.15-0.50 Hz) increased by 61.55%, and HF-band (0.30-0.40 Hz) by 92.60%. Spectral power of HRV indices during daytime, which correlate negatively with psychological resilience, decreased, HF-component by 22.18% and HF-band by 37.26%. LF-component and LF-band, reflecting activity of the default mode network, did not change significantly. During the second mission, 24-h acrophases of HRV endpoints did not change but the 12-h acrophase of TF-HRV did (P < 0.0001), perhaps consolidating the circadian system to help adapt to space by taking advantage of brain plasticity at night and psychological resilience during daytime. While this N-of-1 study prevents drawing definitive conclusions, the methodology used herein to monitor markers of brain plasticity could pave the way for further studies that could add to the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Yutaka Kubo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koh Mizuno
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aiba
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohshima
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Zhu B, Liu S. Preservation of ∼12-h ultradian rhythms of gene expression of mRNA and protein metabolism in the absence of canonical circadian clock. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1195001. [PMID: 37324401 PMCID: PMC10267751 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1195001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Besides the ∼24-h circadian rhythms, ∼12-h ultradian rhythms of gene expression, metabolism and behaviors exist in animals ranging from crustaceans to mammals. Three major hypotheses were proposed on the origin and mechanisms of regulation of ∼12-h rhythms, namely, that they are not cell-autonomous and controlled by a combination of the circadian clock and environmental cues, that they are regulated by two anti-phase circadian transcription factors in a cell autonomous manner, or that they are established by a cell-autonomous ∼12-h oscillator. Methods: To distinguish among these possibilities, we performed a post hoc analysis of two high temporal resolution transcriptome dataset in animals and cells lacking the canonical circadian clock. Results: In both the liver of BMAL1 knockout mice and Drosophila S2 cells, we observed robust and prevalent ∼12-h rhythms of gene expression enriched in fundamental processes of mRNA and protein metabolism that show large convergence with those identified in wild-type mice liver. Bioinformatics analysis further predicted ELF1 and ATF6B as putative transcription factors regulating the ∼12-h rhythms of gene expression independently of the circadian clock in both fly and mice. Discussion: These findings provide additional evidence to support the existence of an evolutionarily conserved 12-h oscillator that controls ∼12-h rhythms of gene expression of protein and mRNA metabolism in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Otsuka K, Murakami S, Okajima K, Shibata K, Kubo Y, Gubin DG, Beaty LA, Cornelissen G. Appropriate Circadian-Circasemidian Coupling Protects Blood Pressure from Morning Surge and Promotes Human Resilience and Wellbeing. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:755-769. [PMID: 37193339 PMCID: PMC10183193 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s398957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood pressure (BP) variability is involved in the appraisal of threat and safety, and can serve as a potential marker of psychological resilience against stress. The relationship between biological rhythms of BP and resilience was cross-sectionally assessed by 7-day/24-hour chronobiologic screening in a rural Japanese community (Tosa), with focus on the 12-hour component and the "circadian-circasemidian coupling" of systolic (S) BP. Subjects and Methods Tosa residents (N = 239, 147 women, 23-74 years), free of anti-hypertensive medication, completed 7-day/24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The circadian-circasemidian coupling was determined individually by computing the difference between the circadian phase and the circasemidian morning-phase of SBP. Participants were classified into three groups: those with a short coupling interval of about 4.5 hours (Group A), those with an intermediate coupling interval of about 6.0 hours (Group B), and those with a long coupling interval of about 8.0 hours (Group C). Results Residents of Group B who showed optimal circadian-circasemidian coordination had less pronounced morning and evening SBP surges, as compared to residents of Group A (10.82 vs 14.29 mmHg, P < 0.0001) and Group C (11.86 vs 15.21 mmHg, P < 0.0001), respectively. The incidence of morning or evening SBP surge was less in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.0001) or Group C (P < 0.0001). Group B residents showed highest measures of wellbeing and psychological resilience, assessed by good relation with friends (P < 0.05), life satisfaction (P < 0.05), and subjective happiness (P < 0.05). A disturbed circadian-circasemidian coupling was associated with elevated BP, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and a depressive mood. Conclusion The circadian-circasemidian coupling of SBP could serve as a new biomarker in clinical practice to guide precision medicine interventions aimed at achieving properly timed rhythms, and thereby resilience and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shougo Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Soseikai General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okajima
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Higashi Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Machida Keisen Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denis G Gubin
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, Tyumen, 625023, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical University, Tyumen, 625023, Russia
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larry A Beaty
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Zhu B, Liu S. Preservation of ∼12-hour ultradian rhythms of gene expression of mRNA and protein metabolism in the absence of canonical circadian clock. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538977. [PMID: 37205336 PMCID: PMC10187213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Besides the ∼24-hour circadian rhythms, ∼12-hour ultradian rhythms of gene expression, metabolism and behaviors exist in animals ranging from crustaceans to mammals. Three major hypotheses were proposed on the origin and mechanisms of regulation of ∼12-hour rhythms, namely that they are not cell-autonomous and controlled by a combination of the circadian clock and environmental cues, that they are regulated by two anti-phase circadian transcriptional factors in a cell-autonomous manner, or that they are established by a cell-autonomous ∼12-hour oscillator. To distinguish among these possibilities, we performed a post-hoc analysis of two high temporal resolution transcriptome dataset in animals and cells lacking the canonical circadian clock. In both the liver of BMAL1 knockout mice and Drosophila S2 cells, we observed robust and prevalent ∼12-hour rhythms of gene expression enriched in fundamental processes of mRNA and protein metabolism that show large convergence with those identified in wild-type mice liver. Bioinformatics analysis further predicted ELF1 and ATF6B as putative transcription factors regulating the ∼12-hour rhythms of gene expression independently of the circadian clock in both fly and mice. These findings provide additional evidence to support the existence of an evolutionarily conserved 12-hour oscillator that controls ∼12-hour rhythms of gene expression of protein and mRNA metabolism in multiple species.
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12
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Kembro JM, Flesia AG, Nieto PS, Caliva JM, Lloyd D, Cortassa S, Aon MA. A dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms that matches between distant species across the evolutionary scale. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5326. [PMID: 37005423 PMCID: PMC10067965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We address the temporal organization of circadian and ultradian rhythms, crucial for understanding biological timekeeping in behavior, physiology, metabolism, and alignment with geophysical time. Using a newly developed five-steps wavelet-based approach to analyze high-resolution time series of metabolism in yeast cultures and spontaneous movement, metabolism, and feeding behavior in mice, rats, and quails, we describe a dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms spanning over a broad range of temporal scales (hours to minutes). The dynamic pattern found shares key features among the four, evolutionary distant, species analyzed. Specifically, a branching appearance given by splitting periods from 24 h into 12 h, 8 h and below in mammalian and avian species, or from 14 h down to 0.07 h in yeast. Scale-free fluctuations with long-range correlations prevail below ~ 4 h. Synthetic time series modeling support a scenario of coexisting behavioral rhythms, with circadian and ultradian rhythms at the center of the emergent pattern observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kembro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A G Flesia
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigación y Estudios de La Matemática (CIEM, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P S Nieto
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG, CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J M Caliva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Lloyd
- Schools of Bioscience and Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - S Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Coskun A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A. Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076275. [PMID: 37047252 PMCID: PMC10094461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of biomolecules in living systems shows numerous systematic and random variations. Systematic variations can be classified based on the frequency of variations as ultradian (<24 h), circadian (approximately 24 h), and infradian (>24 h), which are partly predictable. Random biological variations are known as between-subject biological variations that are the variations among the set points of an analyte from different individuals and within-subject biological variation, which is the variation of the analyte around individuals’ set points. The random biological variation cannot be predicted but can be estimated using appropriate measurement and statistical procedures. Physiological rhythms and random biological variation of the analytes could be considered the essential elements of predictive, preventive, and particularly personalized laboratory medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize research that have been done about the types of physiological rhythms, biological variations, and their effects on laboratory tests. We have searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for biological variation and physiological rhythm articles in English without time restrictions with the terms “Biological variation, Within-subject biological variation, Between-subject biological variation, Physiological rhythms, Ultradian rhythms, Circadian rhythm, Infradian rhythms”. It was concluded that, for effective management of predicting, preventing, and personalizing medicine, which is based on the safe and valid interpretation of patients’ laboratory test results, both physiological rhythms and biological variation of the measurands should be considered simultaneously.
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14
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Asher G, Zhu B. Beyond circadian rhythms: emerging roles of ultradian rhythms in control of liver functions. Hepatology 2023; 77:1022-1035. [PMID: 35591797 PMCID: PMC9674798 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and primarily stem from daily cycles of rest-activity and fasting-feeding. Although a large body of evidence supports the reciprocal regulation of circadian rhythms and liver function, the research on the hepatic ultradian rhythms have largely been lagging behind. However, with the advent of more cost-effective high-throughput omics technologies, high-resolution time-lapse imaging, and more robust and powerful mathematical tools, several recent studies have shed new light on the presence and functions of hepatic ultradian rhythms. In this review, we will first very briefly discuss the basic principles of circadian rhythms, and then cover in greater details the recent literature related to ultradian rhythms. Specifically, we will highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of hepatic 12-h rhythms, and 8-h rhythms, which cycle at the second and third harmonics of circadian frequency. Finally, we also refer to ultradian rhythms with other frequencies and examine the limitations of the current approaches as well as the challenges related to identifying ultradian rhythm and addressing their molecular underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Microhabitat-specific diurnal metabolomic responses of the intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma to winter low temperature. iScience 2023; 26:106128. [PMID: 36852273 PMCID: PMC9958412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput determination of circadian rhythms in metabolic response and their divergent patterns in various microhabitats are crucial for understanding how organisms respond to environmental stresses. A mid-intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma was collected at various time points across both daytime and nighttime in winter during low tide for investigating the diurnal metabolomic responses to cold stress and elucidating the divergent metabolic responses to temperature variations across microhabitats. Temperatures of emergent rock microhabitats were lower than the tidal pool and even aggravated at night. A series of metabolomic responses exhibited coordinated diurnal changes in winter. Metabolic responses which were associated with cellular stress responses and energy metabolism of emergent rock microhabitat individuals were highly induced compared to the tidal pool ones. This study shed light on the diurnal patterns of metabolomic responses of intertidal molluscs in the field and emphasized the variations in metabolic responses between microhabitats.
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16
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Scott MR, Zong W, Ketchesin KD, Seney ML, Tseng GC, Zhu B, McClung CA. Twelve-hour rhythms in transcript expression within the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are altered in schizophrenia. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001688. [PMID: 36693045 PMCID: PMC9873190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve-hour (12 h) ultradian rhythms are a well-known phenomenon in coastal marine organisms. While 12 h cycles are observed in human behavior and physiology, no study has measured 12 h rhythms in the human brain. Here, we identify 12 h rhythms in transcripts that either peak at sleep/wake transitions (approximately 9 AM/PM) or static times (approximately 3 PM/AM) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in cognition. Subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) lose 12 h rhythms in genes associated with the unfolded protein response and neuronal structural maintenance. Moreover, genes involved in mitochondrial function and protein translation, which normally peak at sleep/wake transitions, peak instead at static times in SZ, suggesting suboptimal timing of these essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Scott
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marianne L. Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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17
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Rinsky M, Weizman E, Ben-Asher HW, Eyal G, Zhu B, Levy O. Temporal gene expression patterns in the coral Euphyllia paradivisa reveal the complexity of biological clocks in the cnidarian-algal symbiosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6467. [PMID: 36112690 PMCID: PMC9481131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Studying chronobiology in reef-building corals is challenging due to the tightly coupled symbiosis with their photosynthetic algae, Symbiodiniaceae. Although symbiosis requires metabolic synchronization and coordination of cellular processes in the holobiont, the cross-talk between the host and symbiont's clocks is still puzzling. Here, we use the mesophotic coral Euphyllia paradivisa to examine temporal gene expression patterns in symbiotic and aposymbiotic morphs exposed to natural light/dark cycles and constant darkness. Our comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed circadian and circatidal cycles of gene expression with a predominant diel pattern in both coral morphs. We found a substantial number of transcripts consistently rhythmic under both light conditions, including genes likely involved in the cnidarians' circadian clock, thus indicating that an endogenous clock, which can oscillate independently from the Symbiodiniaceae clock, exists in E. paradivisa. The analysis further manifests the remarkable impacts of symbiosis on transcriptional rhythms and implies that the algae's presence influences the host's biorhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieka Rinsky
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Eviatar Weizman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Gal Eyal
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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18
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Zhu B. Logic of the Temporal Compartmentalization of the Hepatic Metabolic Cycle. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658626 PMCID: PMC9394779 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and result primarily from rest-activity and fasting-feeding cycles. In this article, I present evidence supporting a temporal compartmentalization of rhythmic hepatic metabolic processes into four main clusters: regulation of energy homeostasis, maintenance of information integrity, immune response, and genetic information flow. I further review literatures and discuss how both the circadian and the newly discovered 12-h ultradian clock work together to regulate these four temporally separated processes in mouse liver, which, interestingly, is largely uncoupled from the liver zonation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Kwak D, Olsen PA, Danielsen A, Jensenius AR. A trio of biological rhythms and their relevance in rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures. Front Psychol 2022; 13:867191. [PMID: 35967633 PMCID: PMC9374063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to provide a biological rhythm model based on previous theoretical and experimental findings to promote more comprehensive studies of rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures, which relates to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Through an interdisciplinary approach where different standpoints from biology and musicology are combined, we explore some of the core rhythmic features of biological and cellular rhythmic processes and present them as a trio model that aims to afford a basic but fundamental understanding of the connections between various biological rhythms. It is vital to highlight such links since rhythmic mechanical stimulation and its effect on cell cultures are vastly underexplored even though the cellular response to mechanical stimuli (mechanotransduction) has been studied widely and relevant experimental evidence suggests mechanotransduction processes are rhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Kwak
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Dongho Kwak,
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre for Organ on a Chip-Technology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Danielsen
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Refsum Jensenius
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Impacts of Circadian Gene Period2 Knockout on Intestinal Metabolism and Hepatic Antioxidant and Inflammation State in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7896371. [PMID: 35910841 PMCID: PMC9325607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The period circadian regulator 2 (Per2) gene is important for the modulations of rhythmic homeostasis in the gut and liver; disruption will cause metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Herein, we investigated the alterations in intestinal metabolic and hepatic functions in Per2 knockout (Per2−/−, KO) and wild-type (Per2+/+, WT) mice. Growth indices, intestinal metabolomics, hepatic circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, inflammation-related genes, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome sequencing were performed after euthanasia. Data indicated that KO decreased the intestinal concentrations of amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glycine, L-allothreonine, methionine, proline, serine, and valine while it increased the concentrations of carbohydrates such as cellobiose, D-talose, fucose, lyxose, and xylose compared with WT. Moreover, the imbalance of intestinal metabolism further seemed to induce liver dysfunction. Data indicated that Per2 knockout altered the expression of hepatic circadian rhythm genes, such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2. KO also induced hepatic lipid metabolism, because of the increase of liver index and serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, and the upregulated expression of Pparα, Cyp7a1, and Cpt1. In addition, KO improved hepatic antioxidant capacity due to the increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the decrease in concentrations of MDA. Lastly, KO increased the relative expression levels of hepatic inflammation-related genes, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α, Myd88, and Nf-κB p65, which may potentially lead to hepatic inflammation. Overall, Per2 knockout induces gut metabolic dysregulation and may potentially trigger alterations in hepatic antioxidant and inflammation responses.
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21
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Unconscious mind activates central cardiovascular network and promotes adaptation to microgravity possibly anti-aging during 1-year-long spaceflight. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11862. [PMID: 35831420 PMCID: PMC9279338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory system (β, 0.00013–0.02 Hz) did not adapt to microgravity after a 6-month spaceflight. The infraslow oscillation (ISO, 0.01–0.10 Hz) coordinating brain dynamics via thalamic astrocytes plays a key role in the adaptation to novel environments. We investigate the adaptive process of a healthy astronaut during a 12-month-long spaceflight by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in the LF (0.01–0.05 Hz) and MF1 (0.05–0.10 Hz) bands for two consecutive days on four occasions: before launch, at 1-month (ISS01) and 11-month (ISS02) in space, and after return to Earth. Alteration of β during ISS01 improved during ISS02 (P = 0.0167). During ISS01, LF and MF1 bands, reflecting default mode network (DMN) activity, started to increase at night (by 43.1% and 32.0%, respectively), when suprachiasmatic astrocytes are most active, followed by a 25.9% increase in MF1-band throughout the entire day during ISS02, larger at night (47.4%) than during daytime. Magnetic declination correlated positively with β during ISS01 (r = 0.6706, P < 0.0001) and ISS02 (r = 0.3958, P = 0.0095). Magnetic fluctuations may affect suprachiasmatic astrocytes, and the DMN involving ISOs and thalamic astrocytes may then be activated, first at night, then during the entire day, a mechanism that could perhaps promote an anti-aging effect noted in other investigations.
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22
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Castellana S, Biagini T, Petrizzelli F, Cabibbo A, Mazzoccoli G, Mazza T. RhythmicDB: A Database of Predicted Multi-Frequency Rhythmic Transcripts. Front Genet 2022; 13:882044. [PMID: 35774515 PMCID: PMC9237250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiology and behavior of living organisms are featured by time-related variations driven by molecular clockworks that arose during evolution stochastically and heterogeneously. Over the years, several high-throughput experiments were performed to evaluate time-dependent gene expression in different cell types across several species and experimental conditions. Here, these were retrieved, manually curated, and analyzed by two software packages, BioCycle and MetaCycle, to infer circadian or ultradian transcripts across different species. These transcripts were stored in RhythmicDB and made publically available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrizzelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cabibbo
- Department of Biology, Centro di Bioinformatica Molecolare, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Mazza, ; Gianluigi Mazzoccoli,
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Mazza, ; Gianluigi Mazzoccoli,
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23
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Dion W, Ballance H, Lee J, Pan Y, Irfan S, Edwards C, Sun M, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhu B. Four-dimensional nuclear speckle phase separation dynamics regulate proteostasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4150. [PMID: 34985945 PMCID: PMC8730402 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation and biorhythms control biological processes in the spatial and temporal dimensions, respectively, but mechanisms of four-dimensional integration remain elusive. Here, we identified an evolutionarily conserved XBP1s-SON axis that establishes a cell-autonomous mammalian 12-hour ultradian rhythm of nuclear speckle liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) dynamics, separate from both the 24-hour circadian clock and the cell cycle. Higher expression of nuclear speckle scaffolding protein SON, observed at early morning/early afternoon, generates diffuse and fluid nuclear speckles, increases their interactions with chromatin proactively, transcriptionally amplifies the unfolded protein response, and protects against proteome stress, whereas the opposites are observed following reduced SON level at early evening/late morning. Correlative Son and proteostasis gene expression dynamics are further observed across the entire mouse life span. Our results suggest that by modulating the temporal dynamics of proteostasis, the nuclear speckle LLPS may represent a previously unidentified (chrono)-therapeutic target for pathologies associated with dysregulated proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dion
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather Ballance
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane Lee
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Saad Irfan
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Casey Edwards
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Sun
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
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24
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Widely rhythmic transcriptome in Calanus finmarchicus during the high Arctic summer solstice period. iScience 2021; 24:101927. [PMID: 33385120 PMCID: PMC7770977 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar light/dark cycles and seasonal photoperiods underpin daily and annual rhythms of life on Earth. Yet, the Arctic is characterized by several months of permanent illumination ("midnight sun"). To determine the persistence of 24h rhythms during the midnight sun, we investigated transcriptomic dynamics in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice period in the Arctic, with the lowest diel oscillation and the highest altitude of the sun's position. Here we reveal that in these extreme photic conditions, a widely rhythmic daily transcriptome exists, showing that very weak solar cues are sufficient to entrain organisms. Furthermore, at extremely high latitudes and under sea-ice, gene oscillations become re-organized to include <24h rhythms. Environmental synchronization may therefore be modulated to include non-photic signals (i.e. tidal cycles). The ability of zooplankton to be synchronized by extremely weak diel and potentially tidal cycles, may confer an adaptive temporal reorganization of biological processes at high latitudes.
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25
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Revealing the hidden reality of the mammalian 12-h ultradian rhythms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3127-3140. [PMID: 33449146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological oscillations often cycle at different harmonics of the 24-h circadian rhythms, a phenomenon we coined "Musica Universalis" in 2017. Like the circadian rhythm, the 12-h oscillation is also evolutionarily conserved, robust, and has recently gained new traction in the field of chronobiology. Originally thought to be regulated by the circadian clock and/or environmental cues, recent new evidences support the notion that the majority of 12-h rhythms are regulated by a distinct and cell-autonomous pacemaker that includes the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s). 12-h cycle of XBP1s level in turn transcriptionally generates robust 12-h rhythms of gene expression enriched in the central dogma information flow (CEDIF) pathway. Given the regulatory and functional separation of the 12-h and circadian clocks, in this review, we will focus our attention on the mammalian 12-h pacemaker, and discuss our current understanding of its prevalence, evolutionary origin, regulation, and functional roles in both physiological and pathological processes.
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26
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Zhu B. Decoding the function and regulation of the mammalian 12-h clock. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:752-758. [PMID: 32384155 PMCID: PMC7816679 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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28
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Abstract
This paper presents the concept of physical information, and it discusses what physical information is, and how it can be defined. The existence of physical information has been discussed in several studies which recognize that properties of information are characteristic of physical phenomena. That is, information has an objective existence, a lack of meaning, and can be quantified. In addition, these studies recognize how a phenomenon that is denoted as physical information can be expressed as an organization of natural or artificial entities. This paper argues that concepts of (abstract) information that are associated with meaning also depend (to a substantial degree) on physical information.
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29
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Pan Y, Ballance H, Meng H, Gonzalez N, Kim SM, Abdurehman L, York B, Chen X, Schnytzer Y, Levy O, Dacso CC, McClung CA, O’Malley BW, Liu S, Zhu B. 12-h clock regulation of genetic information flow by XBP1s. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000580. [PMID: 31935211 PMCID: PMC6959563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group recently characterized a cell-autonomous mammalian 12-h clock independent from the circadian clock, but its function and mechanism of regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in mouse liver, transcriptional regulation significantly contributes to the establishment of 12-h rhythms of mRNA expression in a manner dependent on Spliced Form of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1s). Mechanistically, the motif stringency of XBP1s promoter binding sites dictates XBP1s’s ability to drive 12-h rhythms of nascent mRNA transcription at dawn and dusk, which are enriched for basal transcription regulation, mRNA processing and export, ribosome biogenesis, translation initiation, and protein processing/sorting in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Golgi in a temporal order consistent with the progressive molecular processing sequence described by the central dogma information flow (CEDIF). We further identified GA-binding proteins (GABPs) as putative novel transcriptional regulators driving 12-h rhythms of gene expression with more diverse phases. These 12-h rhythms of gene expression are cell autonomous and evolutionarily conserved in marine animals possessing a circatidal clock. Our results demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved, intricate network of transcriptional control of the mammalian 12-h clock that mediates diverse biological pathways. We speculate that the 12-h clock is coopted to accommodate elevated gene expression and processing in mammals at the two rush hours, with the particular genes processed at each rush hour regulated by the circadian and/or tissue-specific pathways. Distinct from the well-known 24-hour circadian clock, this study shows that the mammalian 12-hour clock upregulates genetic information flow capacity during the two "rush hours" (dawn and dusk) in a manner dependent on the transcription factor XBP1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Pan
- UPMC Genome Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather Ballance
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naomi Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leymaan Abdurehman
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yisrael Schnytzer
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Clifford C. Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SL); (BZ)
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SL); (BZ)
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30
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Shafi AA, Knudsen KE. Cancer and the Circadian Clock. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3806-3814. [PMID: 31300477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a master regulator of mammalian physiology, regulating daily oscillations of crucial biological processes and behaviors. Notably, circadian disruption has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for cancer and classified as a carcinogen. As such, it is imperative to discern the underpinning mechanisms by which circadian disruption alters cancer risk. Emergent data, reviewed herein, demonstrate that circadian regulatory functions play critical roles in several hallmarks of cancer, including control of cell proliferation, cell death, DNA repair, and metabolic alteration. Developing a deeper understanding of circadian-cancer regulation cross-talk holds promise for developing new strategies for cancer interception, prevention, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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The Impact of Ramadan Fasting on the Reduction of PASI Score, in Moderate-To-Severe Psoriatic Patients: A Real-Life Multicenter Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020277. [PMID: 30691245 PMCID: PMC6412911 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting during the month of Ramadan consists of alternate abstinence and re-feeding periods (circadian or intermittent fasting). Nothing is currently known on the impact of this kind of fasting on psoriasis. A sample of 108 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients (aged 42.84 ± 13.61 years, 62 males, 46 females) volunteered to take part in the study. A significant decrease in the “Psoriasis Area and Severity Index” (PASI) score after the Ramadan fasting (mean difference = −0.89 ± 1.21, p < 0.0001) was found. At the multivariate regression, the use of cyclosporine (p = 0.0003), interleukin-17 or IL-17 blockers (p < 0.0001), and tumor necrosis factor or TNF blockers (p = 0.0107) was independently associated with a low PASI score, while the use of apremilast (p = 0.0009), and phototherapy (p = 0.0015) was associated with a high PASI score before the Ramadan fasting. Similarly, the consumption of cyclosporine (p < 0.0001), IL-17 blockers (p < 0.0001), mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR inhibitors (p = 0.0081), and TNF blockers (p = 0.0017) predicted a low PASI score after the Ramadan fasting. By contrast, narrow band ultraviolet light B or NB-UVB (p = 0.0015) was associated with a high PASI score after Ramadan fasting. Disease duration (p = 0.0078), use of apremilast (p = 0.0005), and of mTOR inhibitors (p = 0.0034) were independent predictors of the reduction in the PASI score after the Ramadan fasting. These findings reflect the influence of dieting strategy, the biological clock, and circadian rhythm on the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
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