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Zhang Y, Naguro I, Ryuno H, Herr A. Contact Blot: Microfluidic Control and Measurement of Cell-Cell Contact State to Assess Contact-Inhibited ERK Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.06.565857. [PMID: 37986875 PMCID: PMC10659358 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is essential to regulated cell behaviors, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The influence of cell-cell contacts on ERK signaling is central to epithelial cells, yet few studies have sought to understand the same in cancer cells, particularly with single-cell resolution. To acquire same-cell measurements of both phenotypic (cell-contact state) and targeted-protein profile (ERK phosphorylation), we prepend high-content, whole-cell imaging prior to endpoint cellular-resolution western blot analyses for each of hundreds of individual HeLa cancer cells cultured on that same chip, which we call contact Blot. By indexing the phosphorylation level of ERK in each cell or cell-cluster to the imaged cell-contact state, we compare ERK signaling between isolated and in-contact cells. We observe attenuated (~2×) ERK signaling in HeLa cells which are in-contact versus isolated. Attenuation is sustained when the HeLa cells are challenged with hyperosmotic stress. Our findings show the impact of cell-cell contacts on ERK activation with isolated and in-contact cells, while introducing a multi omics tool for control and scrutiny of cell-cell interactions.
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Lin CL, Ying TH, Yang SF, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Hsieh YH. Magnolin targeting of the JNK/Sp1/MMP15 signaling axis suppresses cervical cancer microenvironment and metastasis via microbiota modulation. Cancer Lett 2024; 583:216584. [PMID: 38123014 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnolin (MGL), a compound derived from the magnolia plant, has inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion and growth. His study aims to explore the antitumor effect and underlying molecular mechanism of MGL against human cervical cancer. We found that MGL inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism was shown to involve MGL-induced inhibition of JNK/Sp1-mediated MMP15 transcription and translation. Overexpression of JNK/Sp1 resulted in significant restoration of MMP15 expression and the migration and invasion capabilities of MGL-treated cervical cancer cells. MGL modulated the cervical cancer microenvironment by inhibiting cell metastasis via targeting IL-10/IL-10 receptor B (IL-10RB) expression, thereby attenuating JNK/Sp1-mediated MMP15 expression. Analysis of the gut microbiota of mice fed MGL revealed a significant augmentation in Lachnospiraceae bacteria, known for their production of sodium butyrate. In vivo experiments also demonstrated synergistic inhibition of cervical cancer cell metastasis by MGL and sodium butyrate co-administration. Our study provides pioneering evidence of a novel mechanism by which MGL inhibits tumor growth and metastasis through the IL-10/IL-10RB targeting of the JNK/Sp1/MMP15 axis in human cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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González-Aretia D, Hernández-Coronado CG, Guzmán A, Medina-Moctezuma ZB, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates FSH-induced cell viability but not steroidogenesis in bovine granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2024; 213:90-96. [PMID: 37820497 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the proliferation, survival, and estradiol synthesis of granulosa cells by binding to their G protein-coupled receptors. Although FSH activates sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) to induce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis, which is required to mediate the proliferative and survival effect of this gonadotrophin, the mechanisms, and the role of S1P in estradiol synthesis have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of FSH-induced S1P synthesis as a mediator of the effects of this gonadotrophin on granulosa cell viability and steroidogenesis and to determine if FSH-induced S1P synthesis depends on estradiol, cAMP, PKA, or PKC. To achieve these objectives, we tested the effects of FSH, a sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor (SKI-178), estradiol and inhibitors of aromatase, cAMP, PKA, and PKC (Formestane, MDL-12330A, H-89 dihydrochloride hydrate and Calphostin C respectively), on granulosa cell viability, S1P and estradiol production, and the mRNA expression of CYP19A1 and STAR in four in vitro culture experiments. The addition of FSH (1 ng/mL) increased (P < 0.05) granulosa cells number and S1P concentration in the culture media. Conversely, the addition of SKI-178 (10 μM) reduced (P < 0.05) S1P concentration negating the effect of FSH on cell viability. Inhibition of PKC and PKA, but not cAMP, reduced (P < 0.05) S1P secretion of FSH treated granulosa cells. It is important to note that the reduction in S1P secretion was strong (49 %) with the use of the PKC inhibitor. The use of formestane (10 μg) did not modify (P > 0.05) S1P secretion in FSH-treated cells; however, the addition of 5 or 10 ng/mL of estradiol increased (P < 0.05) S1P secretion. Finally, FSH increased (P < 0.05) estradiol concentration in the culture media, but this effect was not blocked by the inhibition of S1P synthesis. Similarly, FSH, SKI-178 or their combination did not modify the mRNA expression of CYP19A1 and STAR. In conclusion, S1P synthesis is stimulated FSH in granulosa cells and mediated mainly by PKC. S1P in turn promotes the granulosa cell viability, however, this does not influence estradiol synthesis. Additionally, estradiol synthesis induced by FSH is not essential for S1P synthesis, however high estradiol concentration may stimulate S1P production by granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Aretia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Adrián Guzmán
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Rosales-Torres
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Gladkikh BP, Danilov DV, D’yachenko VS, Butov GM. 1,3-Dichloroadamantyl-Containing Ureas as Potential Triple Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, p38 MAPK and c-Raf. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:338. [PMID: 38203510 PMCID: PMC10779153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) to virtually inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). The first acids are "medicinal" molecules, the second increase the inflammatory infiltration of cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) are key protein kinases involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes, especially inflammation. The proto-oncogenic serine/threonine protein kinase Raf (c-Raf) is a major component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: ERK1/2 signaling. Normal cellular Raf genes can also mutate and become oncogenes, overloading the activity of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. The development of multitarget inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of socially dangerous diseases. We synthesized 1,3-disubstituted ureas and diureas containing a dichloroadamantyl moiety. The results of computational methods show that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can act on two more targets in different signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and c-Raf. The two chlorine atoms in the adamantyl moiety may provide additional Cl-π interactions in the active site of human sEH. Molecular dynamics studies have shown that the stability of ligand-protein complexes largely depends on the "spacer effect." The compound containing a bridge between the chloroadamantyl fragment and the ureide group forms more stable ligand-protein complexes with sEH and p38 MAPK, which indicates a better conformational ability of the molecule in the active sites of these targets. In turn, a compound containing two chlorine atoms forms a more stable complex with c-Raf, probably due to the presence of additional halogen bonds of chlorine atoms with amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P. Gladkikh
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Vladimir S. D’yachenko
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Gennady M. Butov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
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Bhuia MS, Wilairatana P, Chowdhury R, Rakib AI, Kamli H, Shaikh A, Coutinho HDM, Islam MT. Anticancer Potentials of the Lignan Magnolin: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:3671. [PMID: 37175081 PMCID: PMC10180476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolin is a naturally occurring, multi-bioactive lignan molecule with inherent anticancer effects. This study aims to summarize the botanical origins and anticancer properties of magnolin. For this, a recent (as of March 2023) literature review was conducted using various academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. All the currently available information about this phytochemical and its role in various cancer types has been gathered and investigated. Magnolin is a compound found in many different plants. It has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity in numerous experimental models by inhibiting the cell cycle (G1 and G2/M phase); inducing apoptosis; and causing antiinvasion, antimetastasis, and antiproliferative effects via the modulation of several pathways. In conclusion, magnolin showed robust anticancer activity against many cancer cell lines by altering several cancer signaling pathways in various non- and pre-clinical experimental models, making it a promising plant-derived chemotherapeutic option for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.)
| | - Asraful Islam Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.)
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Shaikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henrique D. M. Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.)
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Differential Regulation of Genes by the Glucogenic Hormone Asprosin in Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195942. [PMID: 36233808 PMCID: PMC9573256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the most lethal forms of gynaecological malignancy. Altered energy metabolism and increased aerobic glycolysis in OvCa are hallmarks that demand attention. The glucogenic hormone asprosin is often dysregulated in metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, diabetes (type 2 and gestational), and preeclampsia. Despite association with metabolic disorders, its role in energy metabolism within the tumour microenvironment is yet to be explored. Here, we study the role of asprosin in OvCa using transcriptomics and expand on functional studies with clinical samples. Methods: RNA sequencing, functional gene enrichment analysis, Western blotting and ImageStream. Results: Following treatment with 100 nM of asprosin, the serous OvCa cell line, SKOV-3, displayed 160 and 173 gene regulatory changes, at 4 and 12 h respectively, when compared with control samples (p < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1). In addition to energy metabolism and glucose-related pathways, asprosin was shown to alter pathways associated with cell communication, TGF-β signalling, and cell proliferation. Moreover, asprosin was shown to induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the same in vitro model. Using liquid biopsies, we also report for novel expression of asprosin’s predicted receptors OR4M1 and TLR4 in cancer-associated circulating cells; with significant reduction seen between pre-chemotherapy and end of first line chemotherapy, in addition to patients under maintenance with bevacizumab +/− olaparib for OR4M1. Conclusions: In relation to OvCa, asprosin appears to regulate numerous signalling pathways in-vitro. The prognostic potential of OR4M1 in liquid biopsies should also be explored further.
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Corema album Leaves Mediate DNA Damage in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3598-3610. [PMID: 36005142 PMCID: PMC9406933 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corema (C.) album is a shrub endemic to the Atlantic coast and has been described as yielding beneficial effects for human health. Nevertheless, studies concerning the bioactivity of C. album leaves are scarce. This study aims at investigating the anticancer potential and mode of action, of an hydroethanolic extract of C. album leaves (ECAL) on triple-negative breast cancer. This is a poor survival breast cancer subtype, owing to its high risk of distant reappearance, metastasis rates and the probability of relapse. The ECAL ability to prevent tumor progression through (i) the inhibition of cell proliferation (cell viability); (ii) the induction of apoptosis (morphological changes, TUNEL assay, caspase-3 cleaved) and (iii) the induction of DNA damage (PARP1 and γH2AX) with (iv) the involvement of NF-κB and of ERK1/2 pathways (AlphaScreen assay) was evaluated. ECAL activated the apoptotic pathway (through caspase-3) along with the inhibition of ERK and NF-κB pathways causing DNA damage and cell death. The large polyphenolic content of ECAL was presumed to be accountable for these effects. The extract of C. album leaves can target multiple pathways and, thus, can block more than one possible means of disease progression, evidencing the anticancer therapeutic potential from a plant source.
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8
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Vasileva E, Warren M, Triche TJ, Amatruda JF. Dysregulated heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism promotes Ewing sarcoma tumor growth. eLife 2022; 11:69734. [PMID: 35285802 PMCID: PMC8942468 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors is a group of malignant small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) that affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The tumors are characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that generate chimeric fusion oncogenes, the most common of which is EWSR1-FLI1. Survival is extremely poor for patients with metastatic or relapsed disease, and no molecularly-targeted therapy for this disease currently exists. The absence of a reliable genetic animal model of Ewing sarcoma has impaired investigation of tumor cell/microenvironmental interactions in vivo. We have developed a new genetic model of Ewing sarcoma based on Cre-inducible expression of human EWSR1-FLI1 in wild type zebrafish, which causes rapid onset of SRBCTs at high penetrance. The tumors express canonical EWSR1-FLI1 target genes and stain for known Ewing sarcoma markers including CD99. Growth of tumors is associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway, which we link to dysregulated extracellular matrix metabolism in general and heparan sulfate catabolism in particular. Targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans with the specific heparan sulfate antagonist Surfen reduces ERK1/2 signaling and decreases tumorigenicity of Ewing sarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the important role of the extracellular matrix in Ewing sarcoma tumor growth and the potential of agents targeting proteoglycan metabolism as novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vasileva
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Mikako Warren
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Timothy J Triche
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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Dai L, Wang C, Wang W, Song K, Ye T, Zhu J, Di W. Activation of SphK2 contributes to adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:229-238. [PMID: 35178477 PMCID: PMC8812714 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of deaths due to cancer in women. Adipocytes have been suggested to play a key role in the stimulation of EOC growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the adipocyte-induced EOC proliferation remain undefined. Here, we provide the first evidence that adipocytes induce the activation of sphingosine kinase (SphK) 2 in EOC, which represents a novel pathway that mediates the adipocyte-induced EOC growth. SphK2 inhibition in EOC cells led to a remarkable inhibition of the adipocyte-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, the adipocyte-induced SphK2 activation in EOC cells was extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) dependent. Furthermore, silencing SphK2 in EOC significantly inhibited the adipocyte-induced expression of phospho-ERK and c-Myc, two crucial players in EOC growth. Collectively, the current study unraveled a previously unrecognized role of SphK2 in the adipocyte-induced growth-promoting action in EOC, suggesting a novel target for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Keqi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Taiyang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
- Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200127 , China
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Ostlund T, Alotaibi F, Kyeremateng J, Halaweish H, Kasten A, Iram S, Halaweish F. Triazole-estradiol analogs: A potential cancer therapeutic targeting ovarian and colorectal cancer. Steroids 2022; 177:108950. [PMID: 34933058 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-triazoles have continuously shown effectiveness as biologically active systems towards various cancers, and when used in combination with steroid skeletons as a carrier, which can act as a drug delivery system, allows for a creation of a novel set of analogs that may be useful as a pharmacophore leading to a potential treatment option for cancer. A common molecular target for cancer inhibition is that of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathways, as inhibition of these proteins is associated with a decrease in cell viability. Estradiol-Triazole analogs were thus designed using a molecular modeling approach. Thirteen of the high scoring analogs were then synthesized and tested in-vitro on an ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) and colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29). The most active compound, Fz25, shows low micromolar activity in both the ovarian (15.29 ± 2.19 µM) and colorectal lines (15.98 ± 0.39 µM). Mechanism of action studies proved that Fz25 moderately arrests cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, specifically inhibiting STAT3 in both cell lines. Additionally, Fz57 shows activity in the colorectal line (24.19 ± 1.37 µM). Inhibition studies in both cell lines show inhibition against various proteins in the EGFR pathway, namely EGFR, STAT3, ERK, and mTOR. To further study their effects as therapeutics, Fz25 and Fz57 were studied against drug efflux proteins, which are associated with drug resistance, and were found to inhibit the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein. We can conclude that these estradiol-triazole analogs provide a key for future studies targeting protein inhibition and drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Ostlund
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Faez Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, United States
| | - Jennifer Kyeremateng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Hossam Halaweish
- Division of Basic & Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE. MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Abigail Kasten
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Surtaj Iram
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Fathi Halaweish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States.
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11
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Zhang L, Wu M, Su R, Zhang D, Yang G. The efficacy and mechanism of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:268-283. [PMID: 34856915 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical in cellular protein degradation and widely involved in the regulations of cancer hallmarks. Targeting the UPS pathway has emerged as a promising novel treatment in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. OBJECTIVE This review mainly focuses on the preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. METHODS We analyzed the published articles associated with the anticancer results of proteasome inhibitors alone or combination chemotherapy in solid tumors. Important data presented in abstract form were also discussed in this review. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, are highly effective in treating solid tumors. The anticancer efficacy is not limited to affect the proteasomal inhibition-associated signaling pathways but also widely involves the signaling pathways related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, proteasome inhibitors overcome the conventional chemo-resistance of standard chemotherapeutics by inhibiting signaling pathways, such as NF-κB or PI3K/Akt. Combination chemotherapy of proteasome inhibitors and standard chemotherapeutics are widely investigated in multiple relapsed or chemo-resistant solid tumor types, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The proteasome inhibitors re-sensitize the standard chemotherapeutic regimens and induce synergistic anticancer effects. The development of novel proteasome inhibitors and delivery systems also improves the proteasome inhibitors' anticancer efficacy in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors and reveals the potential anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Ruicong Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
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Lipid Droplet Accumulation Independently Predicts Poor Clinical Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205251. [PMID: 34680399 PMCID: PMC8533764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer and accounts for the vast majority of advanced stage cases. Intracellular accumulation of lipids as lipid droplets has been recognized as one of the characteristics of cancers and implicated in poor prognosis of several cancers, such as human melanomas. Here, we investigated the relationship between prognosis and lipid accumulation in HGSOC, and found that enhanced lipid accumulation in HGSOC tissues significantly correlated with poor prognosis. In cell-based assays with human ovarian cancer cells, we provide evidence that aerobic glycolysis, which is one of the characteristic metabolic abnormalities in cancer, induced lipid accumulation within cancer cells and targeting the lipid accumulation could suppress cancer cell proliferation. Thus, our results propose abnormal lipid accumulation as a negative indicator of HGSOC prognosis and a novel therapeutic target. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an epithelial cancer that accounts for most ovarian cancer deaths. Metabolic abnormalities such as extensive aerobic glycolysis and aberrant lipid metabolism are well-known characteristics of cancer cells. Indeed, accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in certain types of malignant tumors has been known for more than 50 years. Here, we investigated the correlation between LD accumulation and clinical prognosis. In 96 HGSOC patients, we found that high expression of the LD marker adipophilin was associated with poor progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.014, respectively). OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cells accumulated LDs in a glucose-dependent manner, which suggested the involvement of aerobic glycolysis and subsequently enhanced lipogenesis, with a result being LD accumulation. The acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor K604 and the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor pitavastatin blocked LD accumulation in OVCAR-3 cells and reduced phosphorylation of the survival-related kinases Akt and ERK1/2, both of which have been implicated in malignancy. Our cell-based assays thus suggested that enhanced aerobic glycolysis resulted in LD accumulation and activation of survival-related kinases. Overall, our results support the idea that cancers with lipogenic phenotypes are associated with poor clinical prognosis, and we suggest that adipophilin may serve as an independent indicator of a poor prognosis in HGSOC.
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13
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Ten Bosch GJA, Bolk J, 't Hart BA, Laman JD. Multiple sclerosis is linked to MAPK ERK overactivity in microglia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1033-1042. [PMID: 33948692 PMCID: PMC8313465 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reassessment of published observations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests a microglial malfunction due to inappropriate (over)activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ERK (MAPKERK). These observations regard biochemistry as well as epigenetics, and all indicate involvement of this pathway. Recent preclinical research on neurodegeneration already pointed towards a role of MAPK pathways, in particular MAPKERK. This is important as microglia with overactive MAPK have been identified to disturb local oligodendrocytes which can lead to locoregional demyelination, hallmark of MS. This constitutes a new concept on pathophysiology of MS, besides the prevailing view, i.e., autoimmunity. Acknowledged risk factors for MS, such as EBV infection, hypovitaminosis D, and smoking, all downregulate MAPKERK negative feedback phosphatases that normally regulate MAPKERK activity. Consequently, these factors may contribute to inappropriate MAPKERK overactivity, and thereby to neurodegeneration. Also, MAPKERK overactivity in microglia, as a factor in the pathophysiology of MS, could explain ongoing neurodegeneration in MS patients despite optimized immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment. Currently, for these patients with progressive disease, no effective treatment exists. In such refractory MS, targeting the cause of overactive MAPKERK in microglia merits further investigation as this phenomenon may imply a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J A Ten Bosch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolande Bolk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Dai L, Wang C, Song K, Wang W, Di W. Activation of SphK1 by adipocytes mediates epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:62. [PMID: 33931106 PMCID: PMC8088075 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocytes, active facilitators of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) growth, have been implicated in the link between obesity and EOC. However, the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation remains incomplete. Results We provide the first evidence showing that sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 is critical for adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation. Adipocytes are capable of activating SphK1, which then leads to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Moreover, adipocyte-induced SphK1 activation is ERK dependent. Furthermore, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) 1 and S1PR3, key components of the SphK1 signalling pathway, participate in adipocyte-mediated growth-promoting action in EOC cells. Conclusions Our study reveals a previously unrecognized role of SphK1 in adipocyte-induced growth-promoting action in EOC, suggesting a new target for EOC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Keqi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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15
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Mishra S, Charan M, Verma AK, Ramaswamy B, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. Racially Disparate Expression of mTOR/ERK-1/2 Allied Proteins in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:601929. [PMID: 33996789 PMCID: PMC8120233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.601929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that ethnic differences in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK-1/2) signaling pathways might be associated with the development and progression of different human malignancies. The African American (AA) population has an increased rate of cancer incidence and mortality compared to the Caucasian American (CA) population. Although the socioeconomic differences across different ethnic groups contribute to the disparity in developing different cancers, recent scientific evidence indicates the association of molecular and genetic variations in racial disparities of different human malignancies. The mTOR and ERK-1/2 signaling pathways are one of the well-known oncogenic signaling mechanisms that regulate diverse molecular and phenotypic aspects of normal as well as cancer cells in response to different external or internal stimuli. To date, very few studies have been carried out to explore the significance of racial disparity with abnormal mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways, which may contribute to the development of aggressive human cancers. In this review, we discuss the differential regulation of mTOR and ERK-1/2 kinase signaling pathways across different ethnic groups, especially between AA and CA populations. Notably, we observed that key signaling proteins associated with mTOR and ERK-1/2 pathway including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Akt, and VEGFR showed racially disparate expression in cancer patients. Overall, this review article encompasses the significance of racially disparate signaling molecules related to mTOR/ERK1/2 and their potential in developing tailor-made anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ajeet Kumar Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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16
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Zhang Y, Song Q, Wang Y, Li B, Pan J, Yang H. Neuroprotective effect of aspirin combined with ginkgolide injection on cerebral ischemic stroke rats and its effect on ERK12 signal pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3193-3197. [PMID: 34121855 PMCID: PMC8176056 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of aspirin combined with ginkgolide injection on cerebral ischemic stroke model rats and its effect on extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (REK1/2) signaling pathway, and to clarify the possible mechanism of aspirin combined with ginkgolide injection on neuroprotective mechanism. Experimental rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, aspirin group, ginkgolide group and combination group (aspirin + ginkgolide injection) (n = 20). The results revealed scores of neurological dysfunction and infarct volume in aspirin group, ginkgolide group and combination group rats were lower than those in model group (P < 0.05). Score of neurological dysfunction and the volume of cerebral infarction in combination group rats were lower than those in aspirin group and ginkgolide group (P < 0.05). Combination of aspirin and ginkgolide injection could better reduce brain water content, reduce apoptosis rate of cortical cells P < 0.05, reduce expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and p-REK1/2 proteins in ischemic brain tissue P < 0.05, and increase expression level of Bcl-2 protein than aspirin and ginkgolide injection alone P < 0.05). In conclusion, the synergistic neuroprotective effect of aspirin and ginkgolide injection on cerebral ischemic stroke rats is better than that of aspirin and ginkgolide injection alone. The mechanism of action may be that the two compounds can play a synergistic role and inhibit the activation of REK1/2 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells and exerting neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jiming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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17
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Henry JG, Shoemaker G, Prieto JM, Hannon MB, Wakshlag JJ. The effect of cannabidiol on canine neoplastic cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation during autophagy and apoptosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:253-265. [PMID: 33247539 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabis sativa products, also known as hemp products, have become widely available and their use in veterinary patients has become increasingly popular. Despite prevalence of use, the veterinary literature is lacking and evidence-based resource for cannabinoid efficacy. The most prevailing cannabinoid found in hemp is cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and becomes cannabidiol (CBD) during heat extraction; CBD has been studied for its direct anti-neoplastic properties alone and in combination with standard cancer therapies, yielding encouraging results. The objectives of our study were to explore the anti-proliferative and cell death response associated with in vitro treatment of canine cancer cell lines with CBD alone and combination with common chemotherapeutics, as well as investigation into major proliferative pathways (eg, p38, JNK, AKT and mTOR) potentially involved in the response to treatment with CBD. CBD significantly reduced canine cancer cell proliferation far better than CBDA across five canine neoplastic cell lines when treated with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 μg/mL. Combinatory treatment with CBD and vincristine reduced cell proliferation in a synergistic or additive manner at anti-proliferative concentrations with less clear results using doxorubicin in combination with CBD. The cellular signalling effects of CBD treatment, showed that autophagy supervened induction of apoptosis and may be related to prompt induction of ERK and JNK phosphorylation prior to autophagy. In conclusion, CBD is effective at hindering cell proliferation and induction of autophagy and apoptosis rapidly across neoplastic cell lines and further clinical trials are needed to understand its efficacy and interactions with traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Henry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Shoemaker
- Comparative, Diagnostic, Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer M Prieto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Many Beth Hannon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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18
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Rodríguez Stewart RM, Raghuram V, Berry JTL, Joshi GN, Mainou BA. Noncanonical Cell Death Induction by Reassortant Reovirus. J Virol 2020; 94:e01613-20. [PMID: 32847857 PMCID: PMC7592226 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01613-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes 10 to 15% of all breast cancer and is associated with worse prognosis than other subtypes of breast cancer. Current therapies are limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, leaving a need for targeted therapeutics to improve outcomes for TNBC patients. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a nonenveloped, segmented, double-stranded RNA virus in the Reoviridae family. Reovirus preferentially kills transformed cells and is in clinical trials to assess its efficacy against several types of cancer. We previously engineered a reassortant reovirus, r2Reovirus, that infects TNBC cells more efficiently and induces cell death with faster kinetics than parental reoviruses. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which r2Reovirus induces cell death in TNBC cells. We show that r2Reovirus infection of TNBC cells of a mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) lineage downregulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase pathway and induces nonconventional cell death that is caspase-dependent but caspase 3-independent. Infection of different MSL lineage TNBC cells with r2Reovirus results in caspase 3-dependent cell death. We map the enhanced oncolytic properties of r2Reovirus in TNBC to epistatic interactions between the type 3 Dearing M2 gene segment and type 1 Lang genes. These findings suggest that the genetic composition of the host cell impacts the mechanism of reovirus-induced cell death in TNBC. Together, our data show that understanding host and virus determinants of cell death can identify novel properties and interactions between host and viral gene products that can be exploited for the development of improved viral oncolytics.IMPORTANCE TNBC is unresponsive to hormone therapies, leaving patients afflicted with this disease with limited treatment options. We previously engineered an oncolytic reovirus (r2Reovirus) with enhanced infective and cytotoxic properties in TNBC cells. However, how r2Reovirus promotes TNBC cell death is not known. In this study, we show that reassortant r2Reovirus can promote nonconventional caspase-dependent but caspase 3-independent cell death and that the mechanism of cell death depends on the genetic composition of the host cell. We also map the enhanced oncolytic properties of r2Reovirus in TNBC to interactions between a type 3 M2 gene segment and type 1 genes. Our data show that understanding the interplay between the host cell environment and the genetic composition of oncolytic viruses is crucial for the development of efficacious viral oncolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana M Rodríguez Stewart
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jameson T L Berry
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Bernardo A Mainou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Horizontal Combination of MEK and PI3K/mTOR Inhibition in BRAF Mutant Tumor Cells with or without Concomitant PI3K Pathway Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207649. [PMID: 33081092 PMCID: PMC7589607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/RAF and PI3K/Akt pathways play a key regulatory role in cancer and are often hit by oncogenic mutations. Despite molecular targeting, the long-term success of monotherapy is often hampered by de novo or acquired resistance. In the case of concurrent mutations in both pathways, horizontal combination could be a reasonable approach. In our study, we investigated the MEK inhibitor selumetinib and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 alone and in combination in BRAF-only mutant and BRAF + PI3K/PTEN double mutant cancer cells using short- and long-term 2D viability assays, spheroid assays, and immunoblots. In the 2D assays, selumetinib was more effective on BRAF-only mutant lines when compared to BRAF + PI3K/PTEN double mutants. Furthermore, combination therapy had an additive effect in most of the lines while synergism was observed in two of the double mutants. Importantly, in the SW1417 BRAF + PI3K double mutant cells, synergism was also confirmed in the spheroid and in the in vivo model. Mechanistically, p-Akt level decreased only in the SW1417 cell line after combination treatment. In conclusion, the presence of concurrent mutations alone did not predict a stronger response to combination treatment. Therefore, additional investigations are warranted to identify predictive factors that can select patients who can benefit from the horizontal combinational inhibition of these two pathways.
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20
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Gao J, Pan H, Zhu Z, Yu T, Huang B, Zhou Y. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:975-987. [PMID: 32747927 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies worldwide, and its poor prognosis is mainly due to the rapid tumor progression including tumor invasion, distant metastasis, etc. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GC progression lays the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic agents. Increasing evidence suggests that guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 (GNB4), a key subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple malignancies. However, whether and how GNB4 promotes GC progression are still unknown. In this study, we found that GNB4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to that in non-tumor tissues and was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth, pathological stage and poor survival rate of GC patients. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies revealed that GNB4 significantly enhanced GC cell growth and motility both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that GNB4 overexpression induced G1-S transition and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. These tumor promoting effects were mediated by GNB4 which activates the Erk1/2 pathway through upregulating Erk1/2 phosphorylation, as U0126, an Erk1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, could significantly inhibit GNB4-mediated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In summary, GNB4 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells by activating the Erk1/2 signaling pathway, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenglun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Binhao Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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He F, Zu D, Lan C, Niu J, Nie X. hsa-microRNA-411-5p regulates proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting the hyaluronan mediated motility receptor in ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1899-1906. [PMID: 32782498 PMCID: PMC7401286 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is the highest out of all gynecological malignancies worldwide. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of ovarian cancer, identify new biomarkers and develop targeted drugs. The role and molecular mechanisms of hsa-microRNA (miR)-411-5p in ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR-8 and SKOV3. After transfection with miRNA mimics, cell proliferation was monitored by a proliferation assay. Furthermore, cell migration was measured by a cell wound healing assay and cell invasion was measured by Matrigel invasion assays. A miRNA luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the relationship between miRNAs and the target gene HMMR, which was then further evaluated by gene differential analysis. In the current study, hsa-mir-411-5p was identified as a miRNA regulator of the hyaluronan mediated motility receptor, which negatively regulated the activity of ERK1/2 and ultimately inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and motility. Although hsa-mir-411-5p may have different roles in other types of cancer, the present study suggested that miR-411-5p functions as a negative tumor regulator in ovarian cancer cells, displaying the potential of miR-411-5p as a biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110011, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Zu
- The Outpatient Department of the First Garrison, General Hospital of The Northern War Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chong Lan
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110011, P.R. China
| | - Jumin Niu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocui Nie
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110011, P.R. China
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22
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Hernández-Coronado CG, Guzmán A, Castillo-Juárez H, Zamora-Gutiérrez D, Rosales-Torres AM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in ovarian physiology and disease. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2019; 80:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Lin CC, Suen KM, Stainthorp A, Wieteska L, Biggs GS, Leitão A, Montanari CA, Ladbury JE. Targeting the Shc-EGFR interaction with indomethacin inhibits MAP kinase pathway signalling. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:86-97. [PMID: 31100409 PMCID: PMC6584941 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated hyperactivation of the MAPK/Erk pathway is responsible for a large number of pathogenic outcomes including many cancers. Considerable effort has been directed at targeting this pathway with varying degrees of long term therapeutic success. Under non-stimulated conditions Erk is bound to the adaptor protein Shc preventing aberrant signalling by sequestering Erk from activation by Mek. Activated RTK recruits Shc, via its phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain (ShcPTB), precipitating the release of Erk to engage in a signalling response. Here we describe a novel approach to inhibition of MAP kinase signal transduction through attempting to preserve the Shc-Erk complex under conditions of activated receptor. A library of existing drug molecules was computationally screened for hits that would bind to the ShcPTB and block its interaction with the RTKs EGFR and ErbB2. The primary hit from the screen was indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Validation of this molecule in vitro and in cellular efficacy studies in cancer cells provides proof of principle of the approach to pathway down-regulation and a potential optimizable lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Lin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kin Man Suen
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Amy Stainthorp
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lukasz Wieteska
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George S Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EQ, UK
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (IQSC-USP), 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Montanari
- Medicinal Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (IQSC-USP), 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Gao S, Chen S, Chen L, Zhao Y, Sun L, Cao M, Huang Y, Niu Q, Wang F, Yuan C, Li C, Zhou X. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A steroidogenic regulator of Leydig cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14058-14067. [PMID: 30628054 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was first recognized for its roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and its complex functions on mammalian organs have been extended constantly. However, to date, little is known about its effects on the male reproductive system, including the steroidogenesis of mammals. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of BDNF on testosterone generation of Leydig cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that BDNF-induced proliferation of TM3 Leydig cells via upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( Pcna) and promoted testosterone generation as a result of upregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( Star), 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( Hsd3b1), and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme ( Cyp11a1) both in primary Leydig cells and TM3 Leydig cells, which were all attenuated in Bdnf knockdown TM3 Leydig cells. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of testosterone synthesis was explored in TM3 Leydig cells. The results showed that BDNF enhanced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and the effect was disrupted by Bdnf deletion. Moreover, PD98059, a potent selective inhibitor of ERK1/2 activation, compromised BDNF-induced testosterone generation and upregulation of Star, Hsd3b1, and Cyp11a1. The Bdnf knockdown assay, on the other hand, indicated the autocrine effect of BDNF on steroidogenesis in TM3 Leydig cells. On the basis of these results, we concluded that BDNF, acting as an autocrine factor, induced testosterone generation as a result of the upregulation of Star, Hsd3b1, and Cyp11a1 via stimulation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoge Niu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Paramee S, Sookkhee S, Sakonwasun C, Na Takuathung M, Mungkornasawakul P, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Anti-cancer effects of Kaempferia parviflora on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:178. [PMID: 29891015 PMCID: PMC5996531 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferia parviflora (KP) is an herb found in the north of Thailand and used as a folk medicine for improving vitality. Current reports have shown the anti-cancer activities of KP. However, the anti-cancer effects of KP on highly aggressive ovarian cancer have not been investigated. Therefore, we determined the effects of KP on cell proliferation, migration, and cell death in SKOV3 cells. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3 was used to investigate the anti-cancer effect of KP extract. Cell viability, cell proliferation, MMP activity, cell migration, and invasion were measured by MTT assay, cell counting, gelatin zymography, wound healing assay, and Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Cell death was determined by trypan blue exclusion test, AnnexinV/PI with flow cytometry, and nuclear staining. The level of ERK and AKT phosphorylation, and caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 was investigated by western blot analysis. RESULTS KP extract was cytotoxic to SKOV3 cells when the concentration was increased, and this effect could still be observed even though EGF was present. Besides, the cell doubling time was significantly prolonged in the cells treated with KP. Moreover, KP strongly suppressed cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. These consequences may be associated with the ability of KP in inhibiting the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 assayed by gelatin zymography. Moreover, KP at high concentrations could induce SKOV3 cell apoptosis demonstrated by AnnexinV/PI staining and flow cytometry. Consistently, nuclear labelling of cells treated with KP extract showed DNA fragmentation and deformity. The induction of caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 indicates that KP induces cell death through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The antitumor activities of KP might be regulated through PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways since the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effects of KP in cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion together with apoptotic cell death induction in SKOV3 cells suggest that KP has a potential to be a new candidate for ovarian cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthasinee Paramee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Siriwoot Sookkhee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Choompone Sakonwasun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Maqboul A, Elsadek B. Expression profiles of TRPV1, TRPV4, TLR4 and ERK1/2 in the dorsal root ganglionic neurons of a cancer-induced neuropathy rat model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4622. [PMID: 29637027 PMCID: PMC5889703 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of tumors through neural routes is common in several types of cancer in which patients suffer from a moderate-to-severe neuropathy, neural damage and a distorted quality of life. Here we aim to examine the expression profiles of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and to assess the possible therapeutic strategies through blockade of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Methods Cancer was induced within the sciatic nerves of male Copenhagen rats, and tissues from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected and used for measurements of immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, the selective TRPV4 antagonist HC-067047 and the calcium ions inhibitor ruthenium red were used to treat thermal and/or mechanical hyperalgesia. Results Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 showed a lower expression in DRGs on days 7 and 14. The expression of TRPV4, TLR4 and ERK1/2 showed an increase on day 3 then a decrease on days 7 and 14. TRPV1 and TLR4 as well as TRPV4 and ERK1/2 co-existed on the same neuronal cells. The neuropathic pain was reversed in dose-dependent manners by using the TRP antagonists and the calcium ions inhibitor. Conclusion The decreased expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4 is associated with high activation. The increased expression of TLR4 and ERK1/2 reveals earlier immune response and tumor progression, respectively, and their ultimate decrease is an indicator of nerve damage. We studied the possible role of TRPV1 and TRPV4 in transducing cancer-induced hyperalgesia. The possible treatment strategies of cancer-induced thermal and/or mechanical hyperalgesia using capsazepine, HC-067047 and ruthenium red are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Maqboul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Faculty of Medicine, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, Egypt
| | - Bakheet Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, Egypt
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Hou L, Hou X, Wang L, Li Z, Xin B, Chen J, Gao X, Mu H. PD98059 impairs the cisplatin-resistance of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing ERK pathway and epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Cancer Biomark 2017; 21:187-194. [PMID: 29103028 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zenghui Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Beibei Xin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Mu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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Metformin in combination with cisplatin inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells by inactivating ERK 1/2. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7557-7564. [PMID: 29344202 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin protects against insulin resistance by restoring insulin sensitivity and may also possess anticancer activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of metformin alone or combined with cisplatin (DDP) on the cell viability and apoptosis of HO-8910 human ovarian cancer cells, and to investigate metformin as a potential novel therapeutic for treating ovarian cancer. The viability of HO-8910 cells was assessed using a cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay following treatment with different concentrations of metformin (0.01, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM) and/or 5 µM of DDP. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell apoptosis, and western blotting was used to measure the expression of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3. The resultsof the present study revealed that metformin reduced the viability of HO-8910 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Metformin combined with DDP evidently inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis. In addition, ERK1/2 and genes associated with apoptosis regulation, such as VEGF, VEGFR2, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3, exhibited differential expression in the HO-8910 cells. The present study demonstrated that expression of p-ERK1/2, VEGF, VEGFR2 and Bcl-2 was downregulated by treatment with increasing concentrations of metformin, whereas expression of Bax and caspase-3 was evidently upregulated. Taken together, these data demonstrate that metformin in combination with DDP reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells.
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Synergistic target combination prediction from curated signaling networks: Machine learning meets systems biology and pharmacology. Methods 2017; 129:60-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Zheng J, Son DJ, Lee HL, Lee HP, Kim TH, Joo JH, Ham YW, Kim WJ, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol suppresses ovarian cancer cell growth via inhibition of ERK and STAT3. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2003-2013. [PMID: 28277616 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we synthesized several non-aldehyde analogues of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal which showed anti-cancer effect. Interestingly, among the 16 compounds, we found that (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (MMPP) showed the most significant anti-proliferative effect on PA-1 and SK-OV-3 ovarian epithelial cancer cells. MMPP treatment (0-15 µg/mL) induced apoptotic cell death, enhanced the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 in a concentration dependent manner. Notably, DNA binding activity of STAT3, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 was significantly decreased by MMPP treatment. However, ERK siRNA augmented MMPP-induced inhibitory effect on cell growth rather than p38 siRNA or JNK siRNA. Moreover, combination treatment of MMPP with ERK inhibitor U0126 (10 µM) augmented MMPP-induced inhibitory effect on cell growth and DNA binding activity of STAT3, and enhanced expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. In addition, STAT3 siRNA transfection augmented MMPP-induced cell growth inhibition. In PA-1 bearing xenograft mice model, MMPP (5 mg/kg) suppressed tumor growth significantly. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression levels of p-ERK, PCNA, p-STAT3 were decreased while the expression level of caspase-3 was increased by MMPP treatment. Thus, MMPP may be a promising anti-cancer agent in ovarian epithelial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heun Joo
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University 800 W, University Pkwy, Orem, Utah
| | - Wun Jae Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Fuller P, Leung D, Chu S. Genetics and genomics of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Clin Genet 2017; 91:285-291. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - D. Leung
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - S. Chu
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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Wang X, Yu Z, Zhou Q, Wu X, Chen X, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu B, Su L. Tissue transglutaminase-2 promotes gastric cancer progression via the ERK1/2 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7066-79. [PMID: 26771235 PMCID: PMC4872769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and involves extensive local tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Understanding mechanisms regulating progression of GC is necessary for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2), a multifunctional member of the transglutaminase family, has been shown to be critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, how TG2 promotes the progression of GC is unknown. We report that TG2 was highly expressed in GC tissues and positively associated with depth of tumor invasion and late TNM stage. With gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that TG2 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as tumorigenesis and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. These events were associated with the ERK1/2 pathway activation and an ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by overexpression of TG2. In summary, TG2 contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of GC by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and is a potential therapeutic target of metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fang X, Gao Y, Li Q. SMAD3 Activation: A Converging Point of Dysregulated TGF-Beta Superfamily Signaling and Genetic Aberrations in Granulosa Cell Tumor Development? Biol Reprod 2016; 95:105. [PMID: 27683263 PMCID: PMC5178148 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare gynecologic tumors in women. Due to the rarity and limited research efforts invested, the etiology of GCTs remains poorly defined. A landmark study has discovered the mutation of forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) as a genetic hallmark of adult GCTs in the human. However, our understanding of the role of cell signaling in GCT development is far from complete. Increasing lines of evidence highlight the importance of TGF-beta (TGFB) superfamily signaling in the pathogenesis of GCTs. This review draws on findings using genetically modified mouse models and human patient specimens and cell lines to reveal SMAD3 activation as a potentially key converging point of dysregulated TGFB superfamily signaling and genetic aberrations in GCT development. It is anticipated that deciphering the role of TGFB superfamily signaling cascades in ovarian tumorigenesis will help develop new therapeutic approaches for GCTs by targeting core signaling elements essential for tumor initiation, growth, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Celik S, Logsdon BA, Battle S, Drescher CW, Rendi M, Hawkins RD, Lee SI. Extracting a low-dimensional description of multiple gene expression datasets reveals a potential driver for tumor-associated stroma in ovarian cancer. Genome Med 2016; 8:66. [PMID: 27287041 PMCID: PMC4902951 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns in expression data conserved across multiple independent disease studies are likely to represent important molecular events underlying the disease. We present the INSPIRE method to infer modules of co-expressed genes and the dependencies among the modules from multiple expression datasets that may contain different sets of genes. We show that INSPIRE infers more accurate models than existing methods to extract low-dimensional representation of expression data. We demonstrate that applying INSPIRE to nine ovarian cancer datasets leads to a new marker and potential driver of tumor-associated stroma, HOPX, followed by experimental validation. The implementation of INSPIRE is available at http://inspire.cs.washington.edu .
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Celik
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Battle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles W Drescher
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mara Rendi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R David Hawkins
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Su-In Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Buscà R, Pouysségur J, Lenormand P. ERK1 and ERK2 Map Kinases: Specific Roles or Functional Redundancy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:53. [PMID: 27376062 PMCID: PMC4897767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase signaling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK has been involved in a large variety of cellular and physiological processes that are crucial for life. Many pathological situations have been associated to this pathway. More than one isoform has been described at each level of the cascade. In this review we devoted our attention to ERK1 and ERK2, which are the effector kinases of the pathway. Whether ERK1 and ERK2 specify functional differences or are in contrast functionally redundant, constitutes an ongoing debate despite the huge amount of studies performed to date. In this review we compiled data on ERK1 vs. ERK2 gene structures, protein sequences, expression levels, structural and molecular mechanisms of activation and substrate recognition. We have also attempted to perform a rigorous analysis of studies regarding the individual roles of ERK1 and ERK2 by the means of morpholinos, siRNA, and shRNA silencing as well as gene disruption or gene replacement in mice. Finally, we comment on a recent study of gene and protein evolution of ERK isoforms as a distinct approach to address the same question. Our review permits the evaluation of the relevance of published studies in the field especially when measurements of global ERK activation are taken into account. Our analysis favors the hypothesis of ERK1 and ERK2 exhibiting functional redundancy and points to the concept of the global ERK quantity, and not isoform specificity, as being the essential determinant to achieve ERK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Buscà
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre A. Lacassagne, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre A. Lacassagne, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, University of Nice-Sophia AntipolisNice, France; Centre Scientifique de MonacoMonaco, Monaco
| | - Philippe Lenormand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre A. Lacassagne, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis Nice, France
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Wu J, Chen XH, Wang XQ, Yu Y, Ren JM, Xiao Y, Zhou T, Li P, Xu CD. ERp19 contributes to tumorigenicity in human gastric cancer by promoting cell growth, migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11794-805. [PMID: 25940440 PMCID: PMC4494905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp19, a mammalian thioredoxin-like protein, plays a key role in defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress. It belongs to the protein disulfide isomerize (PDI) family, whose members have been implicated in development of breast, ovarian and gastrointestinal cancers. However, the role of ERp19 in gastric cancer (GC) remains undefined. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and prognostic value of ERp19 in GC patients, and to explore the role of ERp19 in tumorigenicity. Expression of ERp19 in gastric tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR in clinical samples of GC patients. Statistical analysis of clinical cases revealed that the expression levels of ERp19 were higher in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues. And the level of ERp19 expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node involvement and poor clinical prognosis. Furthermore, ERp19 knockdown dramatically suppressed gastric cancer cell growth, inhibited cellular migration/invasion and down-regulated the phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, whereas ERp19 over-expression reversed these changes. We conclude that ERp19 contributes to tumorigenicity and metastasis of GC by activating the FAK signaling pathway, and may function as an oncogene in GC. ERp19 may represent a new diagnostic and prognostic marker and a novel target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic
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Trisdale SK, Schwab NM, Hou X, Davis JS, Townson DH. Molecular manipulation of keratin 8/18 intermediate filaments: modulators of FAS-mediated death signaling in human ovarian granulosa tumor cells. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:8. [PMID: 26911253 PMCID: PMC4765146 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are a rare ovarian neoplasm but prognosis is poor following recurrence. Keratin intermediate filaments expressed in these tumors are a diagnostic marker, yet paradoxically, may also constitute a target for therapeutic intervention. In the current study, we evaluated keratin 8/18 (K8/18) filament expression as a mechanism of resistance to apoptosis in GCT, specifically focusing on regulation of the cell surface death receptor, Fas (FAS). Methods The GCT cell line, KGN, was transiently transfected with siRNA to KRT8 and KRT18 to reduce K8/18 filament expression. Expression of K8/18, FAS, and apoptotic proteins (PARP, cleaved PARP) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, and immunoblotting, respectively. The incidence of FAS-mediated apoptosis in KGN cells was measured by caspase 3/7 activity. All experiments were performed independently three to six times, using a fresh aliquot of KGN cells for each experiment. Quantitative data were analyzed by one- or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey’s post-test for multiple comparisons; differences among means were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results Control cultures of KGN cells exhibited abundant K8/18 filament expression (~90 % of cells), and minimal expression of FAS (<25 % of cells). These cells were resistant to FAS-activating antibody (FasAb)-induced apoptosis, as determined by detection of cleaved PARP and measurement of caspase 3/7 activity. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knock-down of K8/18 filament expression enhanced FAS expression (> 70 % of cells) and facilitated FasAb-induced apoptosis, evident by increased caspase 3/7 activity (P < 0.05). Additional experiments revealed that inhibition of protein synthesis, but not MEK1/2 or PI3K signaling, also prompted FasAb-induced apoptosis. Conclusions The results demonstrated that K8/18 filaments provide resistance to apoptosis in GCT by impairing FAS expression. The abundance of keratin filaments in these cells and their role in apoptotic resistance provides a greater mechanistic understanding of ovarian tumorgenicity, specifically GCT, as well as a clinically-relevant target for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolette M Schwab
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - John S Davis
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - David H Townson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA. .,Current address: Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Mandal R, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Stamping out RAF and MEK1/2 to inhibit the ERK1/2 pathway: an emerging threat to anticancer therapy. Oncogene 2015; 35:2547-61. [PMID: 26364606 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The RAS-RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is a key signal transduction pathway in the cells. Critically, it remains constitutively active in approximately 30% of human cancers, having key roles in cancer development, maintenance and progression, while being responsible for poorer prognosis and drug resistance. Consequently, the inhibition of this pathway has been the subject of intense research for >25 years. The advent of better patient screening techniques has increasingly shown that upstream regulators like RAS and RAF remain persistently mutated in many cancer types. These gain-of-function mutations, such as KRAS-4B(G12V/G13D/Q61K), NRAS(Q61L/Q61R) or BRAF(V600E), lead to tremendous increase in their activities, resulting in constitutively active extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). They were not efficiently targeted by the first-generation inhibitors such as Lonafarnib or Sorafenib, which were essentially broad spectrum inhibitors targeting pan-RAS and pan-RAF, respectively. This triggered the development of the second-generation inhibitors selective against the mutated proteins. Second generation inhibitors such as Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) targeting BRAF(V600E), Trametinib (Mekinist) targeting MEK1/2 and the first generation pan-RAF inhibitor Sorafenib (Nexavar) have already been approved for treating renal, hepatocellular, thyroid cancers and BRAF(V600E/K) harboring metastatic melanoma. Others against RAF and MEK1/2 are presently undergoing clinical trials. Their success would depend on the better understanding of the acquired resistance mechanisms to these drugs in the cancer cells and the identification of predictive biomarkers for the proper administration of suitable inhibitor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mandal
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Becker
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Strebhardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Ovary. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:1224-31. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveGranulosa cell tumors of the ovary (GCTs) represent a specific subset of malignant ovarian tumors, of which there are 2 distinct subtypes, the juvenile and the adult form. Aside from surgery, no reliable therapeutic options currently exist for patients with GCT. This study sought to investigate the potential role of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as novel therapeutics in the clinical management of GCT.Materials and MethodsUsing TKI with distinct but overlapping multitargeted specificities, cellular proliferation, viability, and apoptosis were evaluated in 2 human GCT-derived cell lines, COV434 and KGN.ResultsSunitinib, which targets the imatinib-inhibited tyrosine kinases of VEGFR, KIT, PDGFR, and FLT-3, was without effect in COV434 and KGN cell lines. Sorafenib, which has a high affinity for RAF1 and BRAF, dose dependently inhibited cellular proliferation and viability in both cell lines at concentrations equivalent to that seen in other systems. A RAF1 kinase inhibitor was without effect, suggesting that sorafenib is acting via inhibition of BRAF, or that aberrant signaling originates upstream of BRAF in the MAPK pathway. In the presence of a selective Src family inhibitor (SU6656), cell proliferation and cell viability responses dissociated; that is, although SU6656 dose dependently inhibited cell viability, it had limited effect on proliferation and apoptosis.ConclusionsThese findings implicate BRAF in the activated signaling responsible for the growth and viability of GCT and suggest that TKI already in clinical use may be a therapeutic option in the treatment of GCT.
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Wang Y, Liu W, Du J, Yu Y, Liang N, Liang M, Yao G, Cui S, Huang H, Sun F. NGF promotes mouse granulosa cell proliferation by inhibiting ESR2 mediated down-regulation of CDKN1A. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:68-77. [PMID: 25737208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to play key roles in ovarian follicular development, such as the assembly of early follicles and follicular ovulation through its high-affinity receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor A (trkA). Herein, the molecular mechanism controlling NGF-induced granulosa cell (GC) proliferation was not clear. In this study, we found that NGF is abundant in preantral GCs and knockdown of trkA in GCs attenuated NGF-induced GC proliferation and further decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), also named p21, a factor which could be either a negative or a positive regulator via transformation related protein 53 (TRP53, also named p53)-dependent or independent pathways in cell proliferation, was up-regulated during the process of NGF-induced GC proliferation. Blockade of trkA (K252α) and ERK1/2 (U0126) in GCs decreased NGF-induced expression of CDKN1A and did not alter the expression of TRP53, indicating that NGF stimulates CDKN1A expression via the trkA-ERK1/2 pathway in a TRP53-independent manner. Meanwhile, ESR2, a tumor suppressor which is exclusively expressed in GCs, was suppressed in NGF-induced GC proliferation, and this effect was abrogated by U0126. Blockade of ESR2 (ICI182,780) caused the promotion of GC proliferation and CDKN1A expression, indicating that ESR2 may be downstream of the ERK1/2 pathway in mediating the effect of CDKN1A on NGF-induced GC proliferation. Therefore, ESR2 may be involved in the integration of intracellular signal cascades and cell cycle proteins in affecting GC proliferation. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the roles of CDKN1A in NGF-induced GC proliferation. Understanding potential cross-points between CDKN1A and ESR2 affecting GC proliferation will help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets in some female infertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Juan Du
- Xinxiang Medical College, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jinzhou Medical College, Liaoning 121001, China
| | - Ning Liang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meng Liang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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François CM, Wargnier R, Petit F, Goulvent T, Rimokh R, Treilleux I, Ray-Coquard I, Zazzu V, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ. 17β-estradiol inhibits spreading of metastatic cells from granulosa cell tumors through a non-genomic mechanism involving GPER1. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:564-73. [PMID: 25823895 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare and severe form of sex-cord stromal ovarian tumor that is characterized by its long natural history and tendency to recur years after surgical ablation. Because there is no efficient curative treatment beyond surgery, ~20% of patients die of the consequences of their tumor. However, very little is known of the molecular etiology of this pathology. About 70% of GCT patients present with elevated circulating estradiol (E2). Because this hormone is known to increase tumor growth and progression in a number of cancers, we investigated the possible role of E2 in GCTs. Cell-based studies with human GCT metastases and primary tumor-derived cells, ie KGN and COV434 cells, respectively, aimed at evaluating E2 effect on cell growth, migration and invasion. Importantly, we found that E2 did not affect GCT cell growth, but that it significantly decreased the migration and matrix invasion of metastatic GCT cells. Noteworthy, our molecular studies revealed that this effect was accompanied by the inhibition through non-genomic mechanisms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which is constitutively activated in GCTs. By using pharmacological and RNA silencing approaches, we found that E2 action was mediated by G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) signaling pathway. Analyses of GPER1 expression on tissue microarrays from human GCTs confirmed its expression in ~90% of GCTs. Overall, our study reveals that E2 would act via non-classical pathways to prevent metastasis spreading in GCTs and also reveals GPER1 as a possible target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M François
- INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Wargnier
- INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Petit
- INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Goulvent
- U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69000, France, Institut Roche de Recherche et Médecine Translationnelle, 92650 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69000, France
| | | | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000 and GINECO Group, Paris, France and
| | - Valeria Zazzu
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline J Guigon
- INSERM U1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France, CNRS UMR 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France,
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Sethi G, Kwon Y, Burkhalter RJ, Pathak HB, Madan R, McHugh S, Atay S, Murthy S, Tawfik OW, Godwin AK. PTN signaling: Components and mechanistic insights in human ovarian cancer. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1772-85. [PMID: 25418856 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular vulnerabilities represent promising candidates for the development of targeted therapies that hold the promise to overcome the challenges encountered with non-targeted chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Through a synthetic lethality screen, we previously identified pleiotrophin (PTN) as a molecular vulnerability in ovarian cancer and showed that siRNA-mediated PTN knockdown induced apoptotic cell death in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. Although, it is well known that PTN elicits its pro-tumorigenic effects through its receptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Z1 (PTPRZ1), little is known about the potential importance of this pathway in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In this study, we show that PTN is expressed, produced, and secreted in a panel of EOC cell lines. PTN levels in serous ovarian tumor tissues are on average 3.5-fold higher relative to normal tissue and PTN is detectable in serum samples of patients with EOC. PTPRZ1 is also expressed and produced by EOC cells and is found to be up-regulated in serous ovarian tumor tissue relative to normal ovarian surface epithelial tissue (P < 0.05). Gene silencing of PTPRZ1 in EOC cell lines using siRNA-mediated knockdown shows that PTPRZ1 is essential for viability and results in significant apoptosis with no effect on the cell cycle phase distribution. In order to determine how PTN mediates survival, we silenced the gene using siRNA mediated knockdown and performed expression profiling of 36 survival-related genes. Through computational mapping of the differentially expressed genes, members of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family were found to be likely effectors of PTN signaling in EOC cells. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that PTN and its signaling components may be of significance in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer and provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of MAPK inhibitors in PTN and/or PTPRZ1 expressing ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sethi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rebecca J Burkhalter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sarah McHugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Safinur Atay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Smruthi Murthy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ossama W Tawfik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Khabele D, Kabir SM, Dong Y, Lee E, Rice VM, Son DS. Preferential effect of akt2-dependent signaling on the cellular viability of ovarian cancer cells in response to EGF. J Cancer 2014; 5:670-8. [PMID: 25258648 PMCID: PMC4174511 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with the malignant phenotype in many cancers including ovarian cancer, which leads to increased cell proliferation and survival. In spite of emerging EGFR inhibitors as a potentially useful agent, they are largely ineffective in patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancers. Since Akt as a key downstream factor of EGFR is highly activated in some high grade serous ovarian tumors, the augmented Akt activation may attribute to irregular EGFR-mediated signaling observed in ovarian cancer. Here we investigated the differential effect of Akt on the EGF-induced cell viability in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS Cellular viability assay and western blot analysis were used to measure cell viability and expression levels of proteins, respectively. Knockdown of Akt was achieved with siRNA and stable transfection of expression vectors was performed. RESULTS Cellular viability increased in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells exposed to EGF, but little to no difference was observed in the 5 other ovarian cancer cells including SKOV-3 cells despite of the expression of EGFR. In OVCAR-3 cells, EGF activated Erk and Akt, but an Erk inhibitor had no impact on cellular viability. On the other hand, the EGFR and PI3K inhibitors decreased EGF-induced cellular viability, indicating the involvement of Akt signaling. Although EGF activated Erk in SKOV-3 cells, the Akt activation was very weak as compared to OVCAR-3 cells. Furthermore, we observed a different expression of Akt isoforms: Akt1 was constitutively expressed in all tested ovarian cancer cells, while Akt3 was little expressed. Interestingly, Akt2 was highly expressed in OVCAR-3 cells. Knockdown of Akt2 blocked EGF-induced OVCAR-3 cell viability whereas knockdown for Akt1 and Erk1/2 had no significant effect. Stable transfection of Akt2 into SKOV-3 cells phosphorylated more Akt and enhanced cell viability in response to EGF. CONCLUSIONS Akt2-dependent signaling appears to play an important role in EGFR-mediated cellular viability in ovarian cancer and targeting specific Akt isoform may provide a potential therapeutic approach for EGFR-expressing ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dineo Khabele
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Syeda M Kabir
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- 3. Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Deok-Soo Son
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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Dai L, Xia P, Di W. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy? Cancer Invest 2014; 32:71-80. [PMID: 24499107 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.876646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling regulator involved in tumor progression in multiple neoplasms. However, the role of S1P in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the impact of S1P signaling in ovarian cancer progression. S1P, aberrantly produced in ovarian cancer patients, is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes that contribute to ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, agents that block the S1P signaling pathway inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis. Hence, current evidence suggests that S1P may become a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China1
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Andersson N, Anttonen M, Färkkilä A, Pihlajoki M, Bützow R, Unkila-Kallio L, Heikinheimo M. Sensitivity of human granulosa cell tumor cells to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:223-34. [PMID: 24463098 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is implicated in the progression of many human cancers, but its significance in ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) pathobiology remains poorly understood. We assessed the EGFR gene copy number, surveyed the mRNA and protein expression patterns of EGFR in 90 adult GCTs, and assessed the in vitro sensitivity of GCT cells to EGFR inhibition. Low-level amplification of EGFR gene was observed in five GCTs and high-level amplification in one sample. EGFR mRNA was robustly expressed in GCTs. Most tumors expressed both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated EGFR protein, but the protein expression did not correlate with clinical parameters, including the risk of recurrence. Small-molecule EGFR inhibitors reduced the EGF-induced activation of EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules at nanomolar doses, but cell viability was reduced, and caspase-3/7 was activated in GCT cells only at micromolar doses. Based on the present results, EGFR is active and abundantly expressed in the majority of GCTs, but probably has only minor contribution to GCT cell growth. Given the high doses of EGFR inhibitors required to reduce GCT cell viability in vitro, they are not likely to be effective for GCT treatment as single agents; they should rather be tested as part of combination therapies for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 140, 00290 Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUSlab, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Georges A, Auguste A, Bessière L, Vanet A, Todeschini AL, Veitia RA. FOXL2: a central transcription factor of the ovary. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:R17-33. [PMID: 24049064 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) is a gene encoding a forkhead transcription factor preferentially expressed in the ovary, the eyelids and the pituitary gland. Its germline mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome, which includes eyelid and mild craniofacial defects associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Recent studies have shown the involvement of FOXL2 in virtually all stages of ovarian development and function, as well as in granulosa cell (GC)-related pathologies. A central role of FOXL2 is the lifetime maintenance of GC identity through the repression of testis-specific genes. Recently, a highly recurrent somatic FOXL2 mutation leading to the p.C134W subtitution has been linked to the development of GC tumours in the adult, which account for up to 5% of ovarian malignancies. In this review, we summarise data on FOXL2 modulators, targets, partners and post-translational modifications. Despite the progresses made thus far, a better understanding of the impact of FOXL2 mutations and of the molecular aspects of its function is required to rationalise its implication in various pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Georges
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Paris VII, Paris, France
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Rodríguez ME, Brunetti JE, Wachsman MB, Scolaro LA, Castilla V. Raf/MEK/ERK pathway activation is required for Junín virus replication. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:799-805. [PMID: 24421112 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we investigated the importance of the Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway in the multiplication of the arenavirus Junín (JUNV) in monkey and human cell cultures. We established that JUNV induces a biphasic activation of ERK and we proved that a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, U0126, impairs viral replication. Furthermore, U0126 exerted inhibitory action against the arenaviruses Tacaribe and Pichinde. Moreover, treatment with known ERK activators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and serum increased viral yields whereas ERK silencing by small interfering RNAs caused the inhibition of viral multiplication. Therefore, activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway is required to ensure efficient JUNV replication and may constitute a host target for the development of novel effective therapeutic strategies to deal with arenavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Emanuel Brunetti
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Beatriz Wachsman
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Alberto Scolaro
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Castilla
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mandal R, Raab M, Matthess Y, Becker S, Knecht R, Strebhardt K. pERK 1/2 inhibit Caspase-8 induced apoptosis in cancer cells by phosphorylating it in a cell cycle specific manner. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:232-49. [PMID: 24342355 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK 1/2 are found to be hyperactive in many cancers. Active ERK 1/2 (pERK 1/2) are known to protect cancer cells from undergoing death receptor-mediated apoptosis, although the mechanism(s) behind this is poorly understood. Through in vitro kinase assays and mass-spectrometry we demonstrate that pERK 1/2 can phosphorylate pro-Caspase-8 at S387. Also, in EGFR-overexpressing Type I and II ovarian and breast cancer cell lines respectively, ERK 1/2 remain active only during the interphase. During this period, pERK 1/2 could inhibit Trail-induced apoptosis, most effectively during the G1/S phase. By knocking-down the endogenous pro-Caspase-8 using RNAi and replacing it with its non-phosphorylatable counterpart (S387A), a significant increase in Caspase-8 activity upon Trail stimulation was observed, even in the presence of pERK 1/2. Taken together, we propose that a combination of Trail and an inhibitor of ERK 1/2 activities could potentially enhance of Trail's effectiveness as an anti-cancer agent in ERK 1/2 hyperactive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadip Mandal
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Clinic and Polyclinic for Ear, Nose and Throat, UKE Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yves Matthess
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Ear, Nose and Throat, UKE Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Esmaeelian B, Benkendorff K, Johnston MR, Abbott CA. Purified brominated indole derivatives from Dicathais orbita induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3802-22. [PMID: 24152558 PMCID: PMC3826136 DOI: 10.3390/md11103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicathais orbita is a large Australian marine gastropod known to produce bioactive compounds with anticancer properties. In this research, we used bioassay guided fractionation from the egg mass extract of D. orbita using flash column chromatography and identified fractions containing tyrindoleninone and 6-bromoisatin as the most active against colon cancer cells HT29 and Caco-2. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS) and 1H NMR were used to characterize the purity and chemical composition of the isolated compounds. An MTT assay was used to determine effects on cell viability. Necrosis and apoptosis induction using caspase/LDH assay and flow cytometry (PI/Annexin-V) and cell cycle analysis were also investigated. Our results show that semi-purified 6-bromoisatin had the highest anti-cancer activity by inhibiting cell viability (IC50 = ~100 µM) and increasing caspase 3/7 activity in both of the cell lines at low concentration. The fraction containing 6-bromoisatin induced 77.6% apoptosis and arrested 25.7% of the cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle in HT29 cells. Tyrindoleninone was less potent but significantly decreased the viability of HT29 cells at IC50 = 390 µM and induced apoptosis at 195 µM by increasing caspase 3/7 activity in these cells. This research will facilitate the development of these molluscan natural products as novel complementary medicines for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Esmaeelian
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Martin R. Johnston
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Catherine A. Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; E-Mail:
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-8-8201-2078; Fax: +61-8-8201-3015
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Suen KM, Lin CC, George R, Melo FA, Biggs ER, Ahmed Z, Drake MN, Arur S, Arold ST, Ladbury JE. Interaction with Shc prevents aberrant Erk activation in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:620-7. [PMID: 23584453 PMCID: PMC4059177 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Control mechanisms that prevent aberrant signaling are necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis. We describe a new mechanism by which the adaptor protein Shc directly binds the MAP kinase Erk, thus preventing its activation in the absence of extracellular stimuli. The Shc-Erk complex restricts Erk nuclear translocation, restraining Erk-dependent transcription of genes, including those responsible for oncogenic growth. The complex forms through unique binding sites on both the Shc PTB domain and the N-terminal lobe of Erk. Upon receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation, a conformational change within Shc-induced through interaction with the phosphorylated receptor-releases Erk, allowing it to fulfill its role in signaling. Thus, in addition to its established role in promoting MAP kinase signaling in stimulated cells, Shc negatively regulates Erk activation in the absence of growth factors and thus could be considered a tumor suppressor in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Man Suen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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