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Xu J, Sivakumar C, Ryan CW, Rao RC. A novel interaction between RNA m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 and RREB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150668. [PMID: 39278095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is achieved through the modulation of regulatory inputs both pre- and post-transcriptionally. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a key player in pre-mRNA processing, actively catalyzing N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Among the most enriched mRNA targets of METTL3 is the Ras Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (RREB1), a transcription factor which functions to govern cell fate, proliferation and DNA repair. Here, we show a novel interaction between METTL3 and RREB1. Further examination of this interaction indicates that METTL3's N-terminus is the primary interacting domain. Our findings uncover a novel interacting partner of METTL3, providing further insights into METTL3's regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Charukesi Sivakumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Charles W Ryan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA; A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Section of Ophthalmology, Surgical Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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2
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Su H, Huang L, Zhou J, Yang G. Prostate cancer stem cells and their targeted therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410102. [PMID: 39175878 PMCID: PMC11338935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among men worldwide. Through androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment, patients eventually succumb to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). For this, the prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), as a minor population of tumor cells that can promote tumor relapse, ARSI resistance, and disease progression, are gaining attention. Therefore, specific therapy targeting PCSCs has momentum. This study reviewed the identification and characterization of PCSCs and PCSC-based putative biomarkers and summarized their mechanisms of action. We further discussed clinical trials of novel therapeutic interventions focused on PCSC-related pathways, the PCSC microenvironment, cutting-edge miRNA therapy, and immunotherapy approaches from a mechanistic standpoint. This review provides updated insights into PCSC plasticity, identifying new PCSC biomarkers and optimized treatments for patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Su
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Li C, Wu N, Lin X, Zhou Q, Xu M. Integrated transcriptomic and immunological profiling reveals new diagnostic and prognostic models for cutaneous melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389550. [PMID: 38863979 PMCID: PMC11165152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate associated with cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) remains alarmingly high, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper understanding of its molecular underpinnings. In our study, we leveraged bulk transcriptome sequencing data from the SKCM cohort available in public databases such as TCGA and GEO. We utilized distinct datasets for training and validation purposes and also incorporated mutation and clinical data from TCGA, along with single-cell sequencing data from GEO. Through dimensionality reduction, we annotated cell subtypes within the single-cell data and analyzed the expression of tumor-related pathways across these subtypes. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the training set, which were further refined using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) machine learning algorithm, employing tenfold cross-validation. This enabled the construction of a prognostic model, whose diagnostic efficacy we subsequently validated. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses on the DEGs, and performed immunological profiling on two risk groups to elucidate the relationship between model genes and the immune responses relevant to SKCM diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We also knocked down the GMR6 expression level in the melanoma cells and verified its effect on cancer through multiple experiments. The results indicate that the GMR6 gene plays a role in promoting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells in human melanoma. Our findings offer novel insights and a theoretical framework that could enhance prognosis, treatment, and drug development strategies for SKCM, potentially leading to more precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Li
- Department of Dermatology,Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nanhui Wu
- Department of Dermatopathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Lin
- Department of Dermatology,Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaochu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology,Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatopathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Dong Q, Qiu H, Piao C, Li Z, Cui X. LncRNA SNHG4 promotes prostate cancer cell survival and resistance to enzalutamide through a let-7a/RREB1 positive feedback loop and a ceRNA network. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:209. [PMID: 37596700 PMCID: PMC10436424 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer threatens the health of men over sixty years old, and its incidence ranks first among all urinary tumors among men. Enzalutamide remains the first-line drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer, however, tumors inevitably become resistant to enzalutamide. Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the mechanisms that induce enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Bioinformatic analyzing approaches were used to identified the over-expressed genes in prostate cancer tumor tissues from three GEO datasets. qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunochemistry/In situ hybridization staining assays were performed to assess the expression of SNHG4, RRM2, TK1, AURKA, EZH2 and RREB1. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. CCK-8, plate colony formation and EdU assays were performed to assess the cell proliferation. Senescence-associated β-Gal assay was used to detect the cell senescence level. γ-H2AX staining assay was performed to assess the DNA damages of PCa cells. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to verify the RNA-RNA interactions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to assess the bindings between protein and genomic DNA. RESULTS We found that RRM2 and NUSAP1 are highly expressed in PCa tumors and significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes in PCa patients. Bioinformatic analysis as well as experimental validation suggested that SNHG4 regulates RRM2 expression via a let-7 miRNA-mediated ceRNA network. In addition, SNHG4 or RRM2 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest and cell senescence, and inhibited DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, and the effects can be partially reversed by let-7a knockdown or RRM2 reoverexpression. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SNHG4 overexpression markedly enhanced cell resistance to enzalutamide. RREB1 was demonstrated to transcriptionally regulate SNHG4, and RREB1 was also validated to be a target of let-7a and thereby regulated by the SNHG4/let-7a feedback loop. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of lncRNA SNHG4 in driving prostate cancer progression and enzalutamide resistance, revealing the critical roles and therapeutic potential of RREB1, SNHG4, RRM2 and let-7 miRNAs in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuo Dong
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chiyuan Piao
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhengxiu Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, #155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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circXRCC5 foster gastric cancer growth and metastasis by the HNRNPC/circXRCC5/miR-655-3p/RREB1/UBA2 positive feedback loop. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1648-1661. [PMID: 35661832 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, leading to millions of deaths each year. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of GC, with a focus on circXRCC5/miR-655-3p/RREB1/UBA2 axis. circXRCC5 was identified in 62 paired cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissues by genome-wide bioinformatics analysis and verified by qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Knockdown or exogenous expression of circXRCC5 was performed to validate the functional significance of circXRCC5 using both in vitro and in vivo assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, EdU incorporation, transwell system, as well as animal experiments. RNA immunoprecipitation, biotinylated RNA pull-down, ChIP, and dual-luciferase assays were employed to validate the regulatory network of circXRCC5/miR-655-3p/RREB1/UBA2. Frequently elevated circXRCC5 in GC tissues and cell lines was associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. Functionally, circXRCC5 overexpression facilitated GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, circXRCC5 served as a sponge of miR-655-3p to induce upregulation of RREB1. RREB1 was identified as a transcriptional activator of UBA2, thus contributing to GC tumorigenesis. Moreover, RNA binding protein (RBP) HNRNPC was proved to interact with circXRCC5 to promote circXRCC5 biogenesis. Collectively, circXRCC5 facilitates GC progression through the HNRNPC/circXRCC5/miR-655-3p/RREB1/UBA2 axis, which might bring novel therapeutic strategies for GC treatment.
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6
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Nuclear Proteomics of Induced Leukemia Cell Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203221. [PMID: 36291090 PMCID: PMC9600443 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of induced granulocytic differentiation help to reveal molecular mechanisms of cell maturation. The nuclear proteome represents a rich source of regulatory molecules, including transcription factors (TFs). It is important to have an understanding of molecular perturbations at the early stages of the differentiation processes. By applying the proteomic quantitative profiling using isobaric labeling, we found that the contents of 214, 319, 376, 426, and 391 proteins were altered at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 72 h, respectively, compared to 0 h in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction under all-trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) treatment. From 1860 identified nuclear proteins, 231 proteins were annotated as proteins with transcription factor (TF) activity. Six TFs (RREB1, SRCAP, CCDC124, TRIM24, BRD7, and BUD31) were downregulated and three TFs EWSR1, ENO1, and FUS were upregulated at early time points (3–12 h) after ATRA treatment. Bioinformatic annotation indicates involvement of the HL-60 nuclear proteome in DNA damage recognition in the RUNX1-triggered pathway, and in the p53-regulation pathway. By applying scheduled multiple reaction monitoring using stable isotopically labeled peptide standards (MRM/SIS), we found a persistent increase in the content of the following proteins: PRAM1, CEPBP, RBPJ, and HIC1 in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. In the case of STAT1, CASP3, PARP1, and PRKDC proteins, a transient increase in their content was observed at early time points (3–12 h) after the ATRA treatment. Obtained data on nuclear proteome composition and dynamics during granulocytic differentiation could be beneficial for the development of new treatment approaches for leukemias with the mutated p53 gene.
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7
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Inubushi T, Fujiwara A, Hirose T, Aoyama G, Uchihashi T, Yoshida N, Shiraishi Y, Usami Y, Kurosaka H, Toyosawa S, Tanaka S, Watabe T, Kogo M, Yamashiro T. Ras signaling and its effector RREB1 are required for the dissociation of MEE cells in palatogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273709. [PMID: 34897389 PMCID: PMC8862740 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the major congenital craniofacial birth defects. The etiology underlying the pathogenesis of cleft palate has yet to be fully elucidated. Dissociation of the medial edge epithelium (MEE) at the contacting region of palatal shelves and subsequent migration or apoptosis of MEE cells is required for proper MEE removal. Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB1), a RAS transcriptional effector, has recently been shown to play a crucial role in developmental epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which loss of epithelial characteristics is an initial step, during mid-gastrulation of embryonic development. Interestingly, the involvement of RREB1 in cleft palate has been indicated in humans. Here, we demonstrated that pan-Ras inhibitor prevents the dissociation of MEE during murine palatal fusion. Rreb1 is expressed in the palatal epithelium during palatal fusion, and knockdown of Rreb1 in palatal organ culture resulted in palatal fusion defects by inhibiting the dissociation of MEE cells. Our present findings provide evidence that RREB1-mediated Ras signaling is required during palatal fusion. Aberrant RREB1-mediated Ras signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of cleft palate. Summary: RREB1, a known transcriptional factor that acts downstream of Ras signaling, is expressed in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) region and required for the dissociation of MEE during palatal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujiwara
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gozo Aoyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Moll M, Jackson VE, Yu B, Grove ML, London SJ, Gharib SA, Bartz TM, Sitlani CM, Dupuis J, O'Connor GT, Xu H, Cassano PA, Patchen BK, Kim WJ, Park J, Kim KH, Han B, Barr RG, Manichaikul A, Nguyen JN, Rich SS, Lahousse L, Terzikhan N, Brusselle G, Sakornsakolpat P, Liu J, Benway CJ, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV, Silverman EK, Cho MH, Hobbs BD. A systematic analysis of protein-altering exonic variants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L130-L143. [PMID: 33909500 PMCID: PMC8321852 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00009.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified regions associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). GWASs of other diseases have shown an approximately 10-fold overrepresentation of nonsynonymous variants, despite limited exonic coverage on genotyping arrays. We hypothesized that a large-scale analysis of coding variants could discover novel genetic associations with COPD, including rare variants with large effect sizes. We performed a meta-analysis of exome arrays from 218,399 controls and 33,851 moderate-to-severe COPD cases. All exome-wide significant associations were present in regions previously identified by GWAS. We did not identify any novel rare coding variants with large effect sizes. Within GWAS regions on chromosomes 5q, 6p, and 15q, four coding variants were conditionally significant (P < 0.00015) when adjusting for lead GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms A common gasdermin B (GSDMB) splice variant (rs11078928) previously associated with a decreased risk for asthma was nominally associated with a decreased risk for COPD [minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.46, P = 1.8e-4]. Two stop variants in coiled-coil α-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1), a gene involved in regulating cell proliferation, were associated with COPD (both P < 0.0001). The SERPINA1 Z allele was associated with a random-effects odds ratio of 1.43 for COPD (95% confidence interval = 1.17-1.74), though with marked heterogeneity across studies. Overall, COPD-associated exonic variants were identified in genes involved in DNA methylation, cell-matrix interactions, cell proliferation, and cell death. In conclusion, we performed the largest exome array meta-analysis of COPD to date and identified potential functional coding variants. Future studies are needed to identify rarer variants and further define the role of coding variants in COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bing Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Megan L Grove
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Research, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George T O'Connor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Park
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kun Hee Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer N Nguyen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiangyuan Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Benway
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian P Hall
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Morgani SM, Su J, Nichols J, Massagué J, Hadjantonakis AK. The transcription factor Rreb1 regulates epithelial architecture, invasiveness, and vasculogenesis in early mouse embryos. eLife 2021; 10:e64811. [PMID: 33929320 PMCID: PMC8131102 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (Rreb1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor acting downstream of RAS signaling. Rreb1 has been implicated in cancer and Noonan-like RASopathies. However, little is known about its role in mammalian non-disease states. Here, we show that Rreb1 is essential for mouse embryonic development. Loss of Rreb1 led to a reduction in the expression of vasculogenic factors, cardiovascular defects, and embryonic lethality. During gastrulation, the absence of Rreb1 also resulted in the upregulation of cytoskeleton-associated genes, a change in the organization of F-ACTIN and adherens junctions within the pluripotent epiblast, and perturbed epithelial architecture. Moreover, Rreb1 mutant cells ectopically exited the epiblast epithelium through the underlying basement membrane, paralleling cell behaviors observed during metastasis. Thus, disentangling the function of Rreb1 in development should shed light on its role in cancer and other diseases involving loss of epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Morgani
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jie Su
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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10
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Differential DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumors from Puerto Rican Men. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020733. [PMID: 33450964 PMCID: PMC7828429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, approximately 191,930 new prostate cancer (PCa) cases are estimated in the United States (US). Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) are the second largest racial/ethnic group in the US. This study aims to assess methylation patterns between aggressive and indolent PCa including DNA repair genes along with ancestry proportions. Prostate tumors classified as aggressive (n = 11) and indolent (n = 13) on the basis of the Gleason score were collected. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were annotated on H&E (Haemotoxylin and Eosin) slides and extracted by macro-dissection. Methylation patterns were assessed using the Illumina 850K DNA methylation platform. Raw data were processed using the Bioconductor package. Global ancestry proportions were estimated using ADMIXTURE (k = 3). One hundred eight genes including AOX1 were differentially methylated in tumor samples. Regarding the PCa aggressiveness, six hypermethylated genes (RREB1, FAM71F2, JMJD1C, COL5A3, RAE1, and GABRQ) and 11 hypomethylated genes (COL9A2, FAM179A, SLC17A2, PDE10A, PLEKHS1, TNNI2, OR51A4, RNF169, SPNS2, ADAMTSL5, and CYP4F12) were identified. Two significant differentially methylated DNA repair genes, JMJD1C and RNF169, were found. Ancestry proportion results for African, European, and Indigenous American were 24.1%, 64.2%, and 11.7%, respectively. The identification of DNA methylation patterns related to PCa in H/L men along with specific patterns related to aggressiveness and DNA repair constitutes a pivotal effort for the understanding of PCa in this population.
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Bahcivan A, Gamsizkan M, Kantarcioglu Coskun S, Cangur S, Yuksel A, Ceyhan A, Onal B. KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutation frequency of radical prostatectomy samples and review of the literature. Aging Male 2020; 23:1627-1641. [PMID: 33878842 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1901274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular basis of prostate cancer is highly heterogeneous. Our study aimed to perform the mutation analysis of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of EGFR, HER2, p16, and PTEN to demonstrate new areas for targeted therapies. METHODS A total of 24 prostatectomy samples diagnosed with adenocarcinoma were analyzed by microarray hybridization. Also, these samples were IHC stained for EGFR, HER2, P16, and PTEN. The cases were divided into two groups based on low and high Gleason scores. All findings were compared with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients. RESULTS While KRAS mutation was in 3/24 (12.5%) of our cases, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were not detected. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of KRAS mutation frequency. HER2 was immunohistochemically negative in all samples. There was no correlation between EGFR, P16 immunopositivity, and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION KRAS mutation frequency is similar to those in Asian populations. BRAF and PIK3CA mutation frequencies have been reported in the literature in the range of 0-15% and 0-10.4%, respectively, consistent with our study findings. HER2 immunoexpression is a controversial issue in the literature. EGFR and p16 expressions may not correlate with the stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atike Bahcivan
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Sengul Cangur
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | - Aysegul Ceyhan
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Binnur Onal
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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12
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Sin SYW, Lu L, Edwards SV. De Novo Assembly of the Northern Cardinal ( Cardinalis cardinalis) Genome Reveals Candidate Regulatory Regions for Sexually Dichromatic Red Plumage Coloration. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3541-3548. [PMID: 32792344 PMCID: PMC7534441 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) are common, mid-sized passerines widely distributed in North America. As an iconic species with strong sexual dichromatism, it has been the focus of extensive ecological and evolutionary research, yet genomic studies investigating the evolution of genotype-phenotype association of plumage coloration and dichromatism are lacking. Here we present a new, highly-contiguous assembly for C. cardinalis We generated a 1.1 Gb assembly comprised of 4,762 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 3.6 Mb, a contig N50 of 114.4 kb and a longest scaffold of 19.7 Mb. We identified 93.5% complete and single-copy orthologs from an Aves dataset using BUSCO, demonstrating high completeness of the genome assembly. We annotated the genomic region comprising the CYP2J19 gene, which plays a pivotal role in the red coloration in birds. Comparative analyses demonstrated non-exonic regions unique to the CYP2J19 gene in passerines and a long insertion upstream of the gene in C. cardinalis Transcription factor binding motifs discovered in the unique insertion region in C. cardinalis suggest potential androgen-regulated mechanisms underlying sexual dichromatism. Pairwise Sequential Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) analysis of the genome reveals fluctuations in historic effective population size between 100,000-250,000 in the last 2 millions years, with declines concordant with the beginning of the Pleistocene epoch and Last Glacial Period. This draft genome of C. cardinalis provides an important resource for future studies of ecological, evolutionary, and functional genomics in cardinals and other birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Yung Wa Sin
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Lily Lu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Functional Analysis of Two Zinc (Zn) Transporters ( ZIP3 and ZIP8) Promoters and Their Distinct Response to MTF1 and RREB1 in the Regulation of Zn Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176135. [PMID: 32858813 PMCID: PMC7503416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ZIP (zinc-regulated transporters, iron-regulated transporter-like protein) family plays an important role in organism Zn balance. This research identified the promoter regions of ZIP3 and ZIP8, two members of ZIP family, from a freshwater teleost yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, characterized the binding sequences of the metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) and Ras responsive element binding protein 1 (RREB1) on their promoter regions. The present study cloned and obtained the 2027 bp of ZIP3 promoter and 1664 bp of ZIP8 promoter, and predicted several key elements on their promoters, such as the binding sites of CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein), KLF4 (Kruppel like factor 4), MTF-1 and RREB1. The sequence deletion from −361 bp to −895 bp down-regulated the luciferase activity of ZIP3 promoter, and the deletion from −897 bp to −1664 bp down-regulated the luciferase activity of ZIP8 promoter. Within different deletion plasmids, the relative luciferase activities of ZIP3 and ZIP8 promoters changes to Zn incubation in a Zn concentration-dependent manner. The site mutagenesis and EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) found that the −1327 bp/−1343 bp MTF-1 binding site and the −248 bp/−267 bp RREB1 binding site on the ZIP3 promoter, and the −1543 bp/−1557 bp MTF-1 binding site on the ZIP8 promoter are functional sites. Low Zn increased the binding capability between MTF-1 and its responsive site on the ZIP3 promoter, and high Zn increased the transcriptional activation ZIP3 by RREB1; Zn also promoted the binding ability between MTF-1 and its responsive element on the ZIP8 promoter. This study provides the first direct evidence for the response elements of MTF-1 and RREB1 on ZIP3 and MTF-1 on ZIP8 to Zn, which are very important for the evaluation of Zn nutrition and toxicity in vertebrates.
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Deng YN, Xia Z, Zhang P, Ejaz S, Liang S. Transcription Factor RREB1: from Target Genes towards Biological Functions. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1463-1473. [PMID: 32210733 PMCID: PMC7085234 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras-responsive element binding protein 1(RREB1) is a member of zinc finger transcription factors, which is widely involved in biological processes including cell proliferation, transcriptional regulation and DNA damage repair. New findings reveal RREB1 functions as both transcriptional repressors and transcriptional activators for transcriptional regulation of target genes. The activation of RREB1 is regulated by MAPK pathway. We have summarized the target genes of RREB1 and discussed RREB1 roles in the cancer development. In addition, increasing evidences suggest that RREB1 is a potential risk gene for type 2 diabetes and obesity. We also review the current clinical application of RREB1 as a biomarker for melanoma detection. In conclusion, RREB1 is a promising diagnostic biomarker or new drug target for cancers and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Baghdad Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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15
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A Functional Analysis of the Drosophila Gene hindsight: Evidence for Positive Regulation of EGFR Signaling. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:117-127. [PMID: 31649045 PMCID: PMC6945037 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between the function of the gene hindsight (hnt), which is the Drosophila homolog of Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 (RREB-1), and the EGFR signaling pathway. We report that hnt mutant embryos are defective in EGFR signaling dependent processes, namely chordotonal organ recruitment and oenocyte specification. We also show the temperature sensitive hypomorphic allele hntpebbled is enhanced by the hypomorphic MAPK allele rolled (rl1 ). We find that hnt overexpression results in ectopic DPax2 expression within the embryonic peripheral nervous system, and we show that this effect is EGFR-dependent. Finally, we show that the canonical U-shaped embryonic lethal phenotype of hnt, which is associated with premature degeneration of the extraembyonic amnioserosa and a failure in germ band retraction, is rescued by expression of several components of the EGFR signaling pathway (sSpi, Ras85D V12 , pntP1 ) as well as the caspase inhibitor p35 Based on this collection of corroborating evidence, we suggest that an overarching function of hnt involves the positive regulation of EGFR signaling.
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Deady LD, Li W, Sun J. The zinc-finger transcription factor Hindsight regulates ovulation competency of Drosophila follicles. eLife 2017; 6:29887. [PMID: 29256860 PMCID: PMC5768419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle rupture, the final step in ovulation, utilizes conserved molecular mechanisms including matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps), steroid signaling, and adrenergic signaling. It is still unknown how follicles become competent for follicle rupture/ovulation. Here, we identify a zinc-finger transcription factor Hindsight (Hnt) as the first transcription factor regulating follicle’s competency for ovulation in Drosophila. Hnt is not expressed in immature stage-13 follicle cells but is upregulated in mature stage-14 follicle cells, which is essential for follicle rupture/ovulation. Hnt upregulates Mmp2 expression in posterior follicle cells (essential for the breakdown of the follicle wall) and Oamb expression in all follicle cells (the receptor for receiving adrenergic signaling and inducing Mmp2 activation). Hnt’s role in regulating Mmp2 and Oamb can be replaced by its human homolog Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB-1). Our data suggest that Hnt/RREB-1 plays conserved role in regulating follicle maturation and competency for ovulation. The release of an egg from the ovary of a female animal is a process known as ovulation. Animals as different as humans and fruit flies ovulate in largely similar ways. Yet the systems involved in controlling ovulation are still not well understood. An egg cell develops within a collection of cells that help the egg to form properly. Together, this unit is called a follicle. During ovulation, connections between the egg and the rest of the follicle break down and the egg is eventually ejected. Ovulation happens in response to a hormone signal from the brain. In humans, this hormone is called luteinizing hormone, whereas in flies it is called octopamine. Specialized protein molecules on the surface of the follicle cells receive these hormone signals, but can only cause ovulation in mature follicles. It was not clear what allows only mature follicles to ovulate. Deady et al. have now used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to examine ovulation to identify how the process is controlled. The results showed that a protein called Hindsight primes follicle cells for ovulation. When a follicle reaches its final stage (called stage 14 in flies), the gene for Hindsight becomes active and produces the protein. This protein then activates other genes. One of the activated genes makes a protein that receives the hormone signal, while another makes a protein that breaks down follicle cells and allows the egg to be released. The findings of Deady et al. reveal that Hindsight is needed for ovulation in flies. Further experiments then showed that the gene for equivalent human protein can be transplanted into flies and can still prime follicles for ovulation. This indicates that the genes in humans and flies may perform the same tasks. Studying ovulation is an important part of understanding female fertility and could help scientists to understand more about human reproduction. These results may also lead to new contraceptives and improved approaches for treating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lylah D Deady
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Connecticut, United States
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17
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Liu X, Cheng YI, Pan QI, Hu W, Xu LI, Meng X, Wu J, Xie C, Yan H, Sun Z. Changes in mitotic reorientation and Wnt/AR signaling in rat prostate epithelial cells exposed to subchronic testosterone. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1361-1366. [PMID: 27073450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in mitotic reorientation and relative differential gene expression in rat prostate epithelial cells following long-term exposure to testosterone propionate (TP). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups as follows: TP group, which received 3.7 mg/kg/day TP for 30 days (n=10); and control group, in which rats were injected with olive oil (n=10). Microscopic analysis of the prostate tissue was performed by immunohistochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Differential gene expression analysis was performed via gene microarray, and a total of five genes (Dkk3, Ran, Fas, Tgm4 and Wnt2) were selected and their expression levels were verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. For rats treated with TP, mitosis was significantly reoriented, becoming parallel to the basement membrane. By contrast, in the control group cells mitotic orientation remained perpendicular to the basement membrane. Genes such as Ran and Tgm4 in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and Wnt2 in the Wnt signaling pathway, were upregulated following treatment with TP. Conversely, the Dkk3 and Fas genes were downregulated following treatment with TP. In conclusion, mitotic orientation of prostate epithelial cells was altered following long-term administration of TP. Wnt and AR signaling pathways influenced cell proliferation and may have participated in the mitotic orientation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Y I Cheng
- Laboratory Testing Division, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, P.R. China
| | - Q I Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - L I Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chenjing Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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18
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Franklin RB, Zou J, Costello LC. The cytotoxic role of RREB1, ZIP3 zinc transporter, and zinc in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1431-7. [PMID: 25050557 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (ductal adenocarcinoma) remains a deadly cancer with ~85% mortality, and a 5-year survival rate of ~6% or less for the past 30 years. The factors and events associated with the development of pancreatic cancer are poorly identified. As such, effective biomarkers for early detection of malignancy are lacking. Efficacious chemotherapy once the cancer is identified does not exist. Recent clinical studies have revealed that the zinc levels are consistently and markedly decreased in adenocarcinoma as compared with normal/benign pancreatic tissue. The decreased zinc is exhibited in well-differentiated malignancy and in progressing malignancy, and also exists throughout the development of PanIN. Concurrent with the decrease in zinc, RREB1 transcription factor and ZIP3 zinc uptake transporter are downregulated. Thus, a RREB1/ZIP3/Zinc transformation appears to be an early event in the development of pancreatic cancer. We propose that this transformation is necessary to prevent the accumulation of high cellular zinc levels, which result in cytotoxic effects on the developing malignant cells. This report now demonstrates that exposure of Panc1 cells to physiological concentrations of zinc that result in increased zinc uptake and accumulation also inhibits cell proliferation. The study further shows that ZIP3 is the important transporter required for the accumulation of zinc and its inhibition of proliferation. RREB1 is identified as the positive regulator of ZIP3 expression. Therefore, the pathway of RREB1/ZIP3/Zinc and its downregulation during oncogenesis exist to prevent the accumulation of cytotoxic levels of zinc during the development and progression of the malignant cells in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renty B Franklin
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences; University of Maryland Dental School; Baltimore, MD USA; The University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences; University of Maryland Dental School; Baltimore, MD USA; The University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Leslie C Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences; University of Maryland Dental School; Baltimore, MD USA; The University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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Bonomo JA, Guan M, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Hicks PJ, Keaton JM, Lea JP, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. The ras responsive transcription factor RREB1 is a novel candidate gene for type 2 diabetes associated end-stage kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6441-7. [PMID: 25027322 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial clustering and presumed genetic risk for type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) appear strong in African Americans. Examination of exome sequencing data in African American T2D-ESKD cases and non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls identified two low-frequency variants in the RREB1 gene, a repressor of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene previously associated with kidney function, as being associated with T2D-ESKD: rs9379084 (P = 0.00087, OR = 0.26; D1171N) and rs41302867 (P = 0.00078, OR = 0.21; splice site variant). Rs41302867 replicated association in an independent sample of African Americans with T2D-ESKD [rs41302867 P = 0.033 (OR = 0.50)], and a trend towards rs9379084 association was observed (P = 0.070). In European Americans with T2D-ESKD compared with European American population based controls, both RREB1 variants replicated association [rs9379084 P = 1.67 × 10(-4) (OR = 0.54) and rs41302867 P = 0.013 (OR = 0.69)]. Rs9379084 was not associated with non-T2D-ESKD or T2D in African Americans (P = 0.55 and P = 0.37, respectively), but was associated with T2D in European Americans (P = 0.014, OR = 0.65). In African Americans, rs41302867 was associated with non-T2D-ESKD [P = 0.036 (OR = 0.54)] and hypertension attributed ESKD [H-ESKD, P = 0.029 (OR = 0.50)]. A meta-analysis combining African American and European American T2D-ESKD data revealed P = 3.52 × 10(-7) and 3.70 × 10(-5) for rs9379084 and rs41302867 association, respectfully. A locus-wide analysis evaluating putatively functional SNPs revealed several nominal associations with T2D-ESKD, non-T2D-ESKD and T2D in African and European Americans. RREB1 is a large, complex gene which codes a multidomain zinc finger binding protein and transcription factor. We posit that variants in RREB1 modulate seemingly disparate phenotypes (i.e. T2D, T2D-ESKD and non-T2D-ESKD) through altered activity resulting from splice site and missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Meijian Guan
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry
| | | | | | - Janice P Lea
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biostatistical Sciences
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA and
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry,
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CtBP and associated LSD1 are required for transcriptional activation by NeuroD1 in gastrointestinal endocrine cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2308-17. [PMID: 24732800 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01600-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression programs required for differentiation depend on both DNA-bound transcription factors and surrounding histone modifications. Expression of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein NeuroD1 is restricted to endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where it is important for endocrine differentiation. RREB1 (RAS-responsive element binding protein 1), identified as a component of the CtBP corepressor complex, binds to nearby DNA elements to associate with NeuroD and potentiate transcription of a NeuroD1 target gene. Transcriptional activation by RREB1 depends on recruitment of CtBP with its associated proteins, including LSD1, through its PXDLS motifs. The mechanism of transcriptional activation by CtBP has not been previously characterized. Here we found that activation was dependent on the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylase activity of LSD1, which removes repressive methyl marks from dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9Me2), to facilitate subsequent H3K9 acetylation by the NeuroD1-associated histone acetyltransferase, P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF). The secretin, β-glucokinase, insulin I, and insulin II genes, four known direct targets of NeuroD1 in intestinal and pancreatic endocrine cells, all show similar promoter occupancy by CtBP-associated proteins and PCAF, with acetylation of H3K9. This work may indicate a mechanism for selective regulation of transcription by CtBP and LSD1 involving their association with specific transcription factors and cofactors to drive tissue-specific transcription.
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Liu R, Wang K, Yuan K, Wei Y, Huang C. Integrative oncoproteomics strategies for anticancer drug discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:411-29. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Yamane T, Suzui S, Kitaura H, Takahashi-Niki K, Iguchi-Ariga SMM, Ariga H. Transcriptional activation of the cholecystokinin gene by DJ-1 through interaction of DJ-1 with RREB1 and the effect of DJ-1 on the cholecystokinin level in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78374. [PMID: 24348900 PMCID: PMC3865339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is an oncogene and also causative gene for familial Parkinson’s disease. DJ-1 has multiple functions, including transcriptional regulation. DJ-1 acts as a coactivator that binds to various transcription factors, resulting in stimulation or repression of the expression of their target genes. In this study, we found that the cholecystokinin (CCK) gene is a transcriptional target gene for DJ-1. CCK is a peptide hormone and plays roles in contraction of the gallbladder and in promotion of secretion of pancreatic fluid. CCK is co-localized with dopamine in the substantia nigra to regulate release of dopamine. Reduced expression of CCK mRNA was observed in DJ-1-knockdown cells. The Ras-responsive element (RRE) and Sp1 site were essential for promoter activity, and DJ-1 stimulated promoter activity by binding to RRE-binding protein 1 (RREBP1). The complex of DJ-1 with RREB1 but not with Sp1 bound to the RRE. Furthermore, the reduced CCK level in the serum from DJ-1-knockout mice compared to that from wild-type mice was observed. This is the first report showing that DJ-1 participates in peptide hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamane
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Suzui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotake Kitaura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyoshi Ariga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Svensson C, Ceder J, Iglesias-Gato D, Chuan YC, Pang ST, Bjartell A, Martinez RM, Bott L, Helczynski L, Ulmert D, Wang Y, Niu Y, Collins C, Flores-Morales A. REST mediates androgen receptor actions on gene repression and predicts early recurrence of prostate cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:999-1015. [PMID: 24163104 PMCID: PMC3902919 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a key regulator of prostate tumorgenesis through actions that are not fully understood. We identified the repressor element (RE)-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) as a mediator of AR actions on gene repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that AR binds chromatin regions containing well-characterized cis-elements known to mediate REST transcriptional repression, while cell imaging studies confirmed that REST and AR closely co-localize in vivo. Androgen-induced gene repression also involves modulation of REST protein turnover through actions on the ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP. Androgen deprivation or AR blockage with inhibitor MDV3100 (Enzalutamide) leads to neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation, a phenomenon that is mimicked by REST inactivation. Gene expression profiling revealed that REST not only acts to repress neuronal genes but also genes involved in cell cycle progression, including Aurora Kinase A, that has previously been implicated in the growth of NE-like castration-resistant tumors. The analysis of prostate cancer tissue microarrays revealed that tumors with reduced expression of REST have higher probability of early recurrence, independently of their Gleason score. The demonstration that REST modulates AR actions in prostate epithelia and that REST expression is negatively correlated with disease recurrence after prostatectomy, invite a deeper characterization of its role in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Svensson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Clinical Pathology, 205 80 Malmö, Sweden, Department of Surgery (Urology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 100 65, USA, Vancouver Prostate Centre and The Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada V6H 3Z6 and Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300 211, China
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Scaffold attachment factor B1 regulates the androgen receptor in concert with the growth inhibitory kinase MST1 and the methyltransferase EZH2. Oncogene 2013; 33:3235-45. [PMID: 23893242 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that employs many diverse interactions with coregulatory proteins in normal physiology and in prostate cancer (PCa). The AR mediates cellular responses in association with chromatin complexes and kinase cascades. Here we report that the nuclear matrix protein, scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1), regulates AR activity and AR levels in a manner that suggests its involvement in PCa. SAFB1 mRNA expression was lower in PCa in comparison with normal prostate tissue in a majority of publicly available RNA expression data sets. SAFB1 protein levels were also reduced with disease progression in a cohort of human PCa that included metastatic tumors. SAFB1 bound to AR and was phosphorylated by the MST1 (Hippo homolog) serine-threonine kinase, previously shown to be an AR repressor, and MST1 localization to AR-dependent promoters was inhibited by SAFB1 depletion. Knockdown of SAFB1 in androgen-dependent LNCaP PCa cells increased AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, stimulated growth of cultured cells and subcutaneous xenografts and promoted a more aggressive phenotype, consistent with a repressive AR regulatory function. SAFB1 formed a complex with the histone methyltransferase EZH2 at AR-interacting chromatin sites in association with other polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins. We conclude that SAFB1 acts as a novel AR co-regulator at gene loci where signals from the MST1/Hippo and EZH2 pathways converge.
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Costello LC, Zou J, Desouki MM, Franklin RB. Evidence for changes in RREB-1, ZIP3, and Zinc in the early development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2013; 43:570-8. [PMID: 22427155 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-012-9378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an untreatable cancer with a 5-year survival rate of about 6 % or less for the past 35 years. This lack of significant progress is largely due to the lack of elucidation and understanding of the factors involved in the development of this cancer. Recent studies identified and implicated zinc in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. This study was conducted to establish the changes in zinc, ZIP3 zinc transporter, and Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB-1) transcription factor as early events in the development of malignancy. METHODS In situ relative zinc determination and immunohistochemical analysis of ZIP3 and RREB-1 were performed on archived human pancreatic tissue sections and tissue microarrays. Normal/benign versus adenocarcinoma pancreas was compared. Panc1 cells were employed to determine the influence of RREB-1 on ZIP3 expression. RESULTS Zinc levels of normal ductal and acinar epithelium were markedly and consistently decreased in adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions also exhibited a loss of zinc. ZIP3 and RREB-1 were also markedly downregulated. Initial results indicate that RREB-1 regulates ZIP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results corroborate the earlier report that zinc, ZIP3, and RREB-1 are markedly decreased in early stage adenocarcinoma. Additionally and most importantly, these changes occur in PanIN, which are thought to be precancerous lesions leading to ductal adenocarcinoma. These results support a concept that downregulation of RREB-1 causes downregulation of ZIP3, which results in decreased zinc in premalignant and carcinoma cells. The decrease in zinc is essential to remove its cytotoxic effects on malignant cells. This relationship constitutes a new concept of early genetic/metabolic events in the progressive transformation of normal cells to premalignant cells to malignant cells in the development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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PTEN in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kent OA, Fox-Talbot K, Halushka MK. RREB1 repressed miR-143/145 modulates KRAS signaling through downregulation of multiple targets. Oncogene 2012; 32:2576-85. [PMID: 22751122 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A lack of expression of miR-143 and miR-145 has been demonstrated to be a frequent feature of colorectal tumors. Activating KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-60% of colorectal cancers and an inverse correlation between Kras and miR-143/145 expression has been observed. Previously, we have demonstrated that oncogenic Kras leads to repression of the miR-143/145 cluster in pancreatic cancer and is dependent on the Ras responsive element (RRE) binding protein (RREB1), which negatively regulates miR-143/145 expression. In the present study, we have found that RREB1 is overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma tumors and cell lines, and the expression of the miR-143/145 primary transcript is inversely related to RREB1 expression. In colorectal cancer cell lines, the miR-143/145 cluster is repressed by RREB1 downstream of constitutively active KRAS. RREB1 is activated by the MAPK pathway and negatively represses the miR-143/145 promoter through interaction with two RREs. In addition, overexpression of miR-143 or miR-145 in HCT116 cells abrogates signaling through the MAPK, PI3K and JNK pathways by downregulation of both KRAS and RREB1 in addition to downregulation of a cohort of genes in the MAPK signaling cascade. These results establish a complex network of regulation through which the miR-143/145 cluster is able to modulate KRAS signaling in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Kent
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Nitz MD, Harding MA, Smith SC, Thomas S, Theodorescu D. RREB1 transcription factor splice variants in urologic cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:477-86. [PMID: 21703425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RREB1 is an alternatively spliced transcription factor implicated in Ras signaling and cancer. Little is known about the expression of RREB1 isoforms in cell lines or human tumors, or about the clinical relevance of the latter. We have developed tools for IHC of RREB1 protein isoform-specific amplification of RREB1 mRNA and selective knockdown of RREB1 isoforms and use these to provide new information by characterizing RREB1 expression in bladder and prostate cancer cell lines and human tissue samples. Previously described splice variants RREB1α, RREB1β, RREB1γ, and RREB1δ were identified, as well as the novel variant RREB1ε. Total and isoform-specific mRNA expression was lower in most but not all tumors, compared with normal tissues. RREB1 IHC performed on a bladder cancer TMA did not indicate a relationship between total RREB1 expression and overall survival after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. In contrast, in vitro proliferation studies using the UMUC-3 bladder cancer cell line after selective isoform-specific knockdown of expression indicate that RREB1α is not necessary for proliferation, but that RREB1β may be required. These contributions should accelerate progress in the nascent RREB1 field by providing new reagents while also providing clues to the role of RREB1 isoforms in human cancer and raising the possibility of isoform-specific roles in human carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Nitz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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29
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Zou J, Milon BC, Desouki MM, Costello LC, Franklin RB. hZIP1 zinc transporter down-regulation in prostate cancer involves the overexpression of ras responsive element binding protein-1 (RREB-1). Prostate 2011; 71:1518-24. [PMID: 21360563 PMCID: PMC3116060 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A marked decrease in the level of zinc is a consistent characteristic of prostate cancer; which results from down-regulation of ZIP1 zinc transporter. The aim of this study was to determine if RREB-1 transcription is involved in the down-regulation of ZIP1 gene expression; and to determine the expression of RREB-1 in benign and cancerous prostate in situ. METHODS Overexpression and siRNA knock down of RREB-1 were used to determine the effect of RREB-1 on hZIP1 abundance in PC-3 cells. Immunohistochemistry with tissue microarrays (TMAs) and tissue sections was used to determine the levels of RREB-1 expression in prostate in situ. RESULTS Overexpression of RREB-1 resulted in a decrease in the abundance of hZIP1 in the plasma membrane of PC-3 cells; whereas siRNA knock down significantly increased hZIP1 expression. Prostate TMAs and tissue sections showed an inverse relationship between RREB-1 and hZIP1 staining. CONCLUSIONS RREB-1 overexpression results in down-regulation of hZIP1 and contributes to the loss of hZIP1 expression and zinc in prostate cancer. This is an early event in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatrice C. Milon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Desouki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leslie C. Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renty B. Franklin
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding Author: Renty B. Franklin, Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 7209, Baltimore, MD 21201, Tel: 301-706-7259, Fax: 301-706-0519,
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Costello LC, Levy BA, Desouki MM, Zou J, Bagasra O, Johnson LA, Hanna N, Franklin RB. Decreased zinc and downregulation of ZIP3 zinc uptake transporter in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:297-303. [PMID: 21613827 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.4.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an untreatable deadly cancer. The factors involved in its early development remain unknown; which contributes to the absence of biomarkers for early detection of malignancy or at-risk subjects, and the absence of efficacious therapeutic agents. Because zinc changes are implicated in some cancers, we determined if it might be involved in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. With in situ Dithizone and Zinquin staining of normal pancreas and adenocarcinoma tissue sections, we show for the first time, a consistent major loss of zinc in ductal and acinar epithelium in adenocarcinoma compared to the normal epithelium. This decrease in zinc is evident in well-differentiated through poorly-differentiated stages of malignancy. Immunohistochemistry identified ZIP3 as the basilar membrane zinc uptake transporter in normal ductal/acinar epithelium; and that the transporter is absent in adenocarcinoma. In situ Rt-PCR revealed that ZIP3 gene expression is silenced in adenocarcinoma. The ZIP3 down regulation accompanied the loss of zinc in early and progressing malignancy. RREB1 transcription factor was down regulated along with ZIP3; and might be involved in the silencing of ZIP3 expression. Zinc treatment was cytotoxic to malignant Panc1 cells. The combination of concurrent zinc, ZIP3, and RREB-1 changes represent early events in the development of adenocarcinoma; and suggest that zinc might be a tumor suppressor of pancreatic cancer. This report provides the clinical foundation for further mechanistic studies that will provide important insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, and can lead to the development of effective early biomarkers and effective therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
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Yap CS, Peterson AL, Castellani G, Sedivy JM, Neretti N. Kinetic profiling of the c-Myc transcriptome and bioinformatic analysis of repressed gene promoters. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2184-96. [PMID: 21623162 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.13.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian c-Myc is a member of a small family of three related proto-oncogenic transcription factors. c-Myc has an unusually broad array of regulatory functions, which include roles in cell cycle and apoptosis, a variety of metabolic functions, cell differentiation, senescence, and stem cell maintenance. c-Myc modulates the expression of a very large number of genes, but the magnitude of the majority of the regulatory effects is only 2-fold or less. c-Myc can both activate and repress the promoters of its target genes. Identification of genes directly regulated by c-Myc has been an enduring question in the field. We report here microarray expression profiling of a high resolution time course of c-Myc induction, using fibroblast cells in which c-Myc activity can be modulated from null to physiological. The c-Myc transcriptome dataset presented is the largest reported to date with 4,186 differentially regulated genes (1,826 upregulated, 2,360 downregulated, 1% FDR). The gene expression patterns fit well with the known biological functions of c-Myc. We describe several novel findings and present tools for further data mining. Although the mechanisms of transcriptional activation by c-Myc are well understood, how c-Myc represses an even greater number of genes remains incompletely described. One mechanism involves the binding of c-Myc to other, positively acting transcription factors, and interfering with their activities. We identified rapid-response genes likely to be direct c-Myc targets, and analyzed the promoters of the repressed genes to identify transcription factors that could be targets of c-Myc repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Sun Yap
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Cinar B, Collak FK, Lopez D, Akgul S, Mukhopadhyay NK, Kilicarslan M, Gioeli DG, Freeman MR. MST1 is a multifunctional caspase-independent inhibitor of androgenic signaling. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4303-13. [PMID: 21512132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The MST1 serine-threonine kinase, a component of the RASSF1-LATS tumor suppressor network, is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis and has been implicated in cancer. However, the physiologic role of MST1 in prostate cancer (PCa) is not well understood. Here, we investigated the possibility of a biochemical and functional link between androgen receptor (AR) and MST1 signaling. We showed that MST1 forms a protein complex with AR and antagonizes AR transcriptional activity as shown by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), promoter reporter analysis, and molecular genetic methods. In vitro kinase and site-specific mutagenesis approaches indicate that MST1 is a potent AR kinase; however, the kinase activity of MST1 and its proapoptotic functions were shown not to be involved in inhibition of AR. MST1 was also found in AR-chromatin complexes, and enforced expression of MST1 reduced the binding of AR to a well-characterized, androgen-responsive region within the prostate-specific antigen promoter. MST1 suppressed PCa cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Because MST1 is also involved in regulating the AKT1 pathway, this kinase may be an important new link between androgenic and growth factor signaling and a novel therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Cinar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Does TGF-β induced formation of actin stress fibres reinforce Smad dependent TGF-β signalling in the prostate? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:802-4. [PMID: 21421289 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the normal prostate, and during early stages of prostate cancer (PCa) development, the cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumour suppressor by inducing cytostasis and apoptosis. However, during tumour development these Smad signalling-dependent endpoints are lost in favour of Smad-independent tumourigenic actions of TGF-β. In this working hypothesis we present an argument for an intimate association between the TGF-β signalling pathway and the actin cytoskeleton that acts to reinforce the tumour suppressive actions of TGF-β in the normal prostate epithelial cell. The rationale is that TGF-β induces expression of the actin binding and stabilising proteins transgelin and tropomyosin. Expression of these proteins is progressively repressed during PCa development, and is inhibited by constitutive activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway, also known to antagonise TGF-β tumour suppression in PCa. The subsequent de-stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton might, therefore, result in suppression of TGF-β/Smad signalling as an intact link between cytoskeleton and TGF-β receptor/Smad complex is essential. Filamin A is a scaffold protein that provides this link for receptor associated Smads. It is required for activation of the TGF-β signal transduction pathway. Thus, actin filament disorganisation would prevent Filamin A/R-Smad mediated TGF-β signalling, a subsequent loss of tumour suppression and hence promote the progression of PCa. Furthermore, it could be one mechanism by which the switch to a TGF-β tumourigenic response occurs.
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The Samd9L gene: transcriptional regulation and tissue-specific expression in mouse development. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1428-34. [PMID: 21412262 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (NFTC) is caused by mutations in the SAMD9 gene. This gene is absent in mouse, while there is a murine paralog, Samd9-like (Samd9L). To clarify the relationships between SAMD9 and SAMD9L, we investigated the transcriptional regulation and expression pattern of mouse Samd9L. An ∼1.5-kb mouse Samd9L promoter fragment was cloned, and a series of 5' deletion constructs were linked to a luciferase reporter gene. All constructs showed significant activity in transfected epithelial cells and mouse fibroblasts, and the presence of regulatory cis-elements as close as 87 bp upstream of the transcription start site was identified. Ras-responsive element binding protein 1 (Rreb-1) was identified in this region by protein-DNA binding array. The expression of Samd9L was upregulated by calcitonin, and this was preceded by a significant increase in the expression of Rreb-1 mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Samd9L revealed near-ubiquitous expression, with the highest level in the kidney. Tissue-specific expression was also confirmed both by in situ β-gal staining and quantitative enzymatic activity assay in a transgenic Samd9L(+/-) mouse in which the LacZ gene replaced exon 2 in the Samd9L gene. These findings assist in understanding the regulation of Samd9L in the context of its paralogous gene, SAMD9, which harbors mutations in NFTC.
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Kent OA, Chivukula RR, Mullendore M, Wentzel EA, Feldmann G, Lee KH, Liu S, Leach SD, Maitra A, Mendell JT. Repression of the miR-143/145 cluster by oncogenic Ras initiates a tumor-promoting feed-forward pathway. Genes Dev 2010; 24:2754-9. [PMID: 21159816 PMCID: PMC3003192 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1950610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although activating mutations in RAS oncogenes are known to result in aberrant signaling through multiple pathways, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the Ras oncogenic program remains poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that Ras activation leads to repression of the miR-143/145 cluster in cells of human, murine, and zebrafish origin. Loss of miR-143/145 expression is observed frequently in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancers, and restoration of these miRNAs abrogates tumorigenesis. miR-143/145 down-regulation requires the Ras-responsive element-binding protein (RREB1), which represses the miR-143/145 promoter. Additionally, KRAS and RREB1 are targets of miR-143/miR-145, revealing a feed-forward mechanism that potentiates Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A. Kent
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Michael Mullendore
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Erik A. Wentzel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Georg Feldmann
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Kwang H. Lee
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Steven D. Leach
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Blum R, Gupta R, Burger PE, Ontiveros CS, Salm SN, Xiong X, Kamb A, Wesche H, Marshall L, Cutler G, Wang X, Zavadil J, Moscatelli D, Wilson EL. Molecular signatures of the primitive prostate stem cell niche reveal novel mesenchymal-epithelial signaling pathways. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20941365 PMCID: PMC2948007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signals between stem cells and stroma are important in establishing the stem cell niche. However, very little is known about the regulation of any mammalian stem cell niche as pure isolates of stem cells and their adjacent mesenchyme are not readily available. The prostate offers a unique model to study signals between stem cells and their adjacent stroma as in the embryonic prostate stem cell niche, the urogenital sinus mesenchyme is easily separated from the epithelial stem cells. Here we investigate the distinctive molecular signals of these two stem cell compartments in a mammalian system. Methodology/Principal Findings We isolated fetal murine urogenital sinus epithelium and urogenital sinus mesenchyme and determined their differentially expressed genes. To distinguish transcripts that are shared by other developing epithelial/mesenchymal compartments from those that pertain to the prostate stem cell niche, we also determined the global gene expression of epidermis and dermis of the same embryos. Our analysis indicates that several of the key transcriptional components that are predicted to be active in the embryonic prostate stem cell niche regulate processes such as self-renewal (e.g., E2f and Ap2), lipid metabolism (e.g., Srebp1) and cell migration (e.g., Areb6 and Rreb1). Several of the enriched promoter binding motifs are shared between the prostate epithelial/mesenchymal compartments and their epidermis/dermis counterparts, indicating their likely relevance in epithelial/mesenchymal signaling in primitive cellular compartments. Based on differential gene expression we also defined ligand-receptor interactions that may be part of the molecular interplay of the embryonic prostate stem cell niche. Conclusions/Significance We provide a comprehensive description of the transcriptional program of the major regulators that are likely to control the cellular interactions in the embryonic prostatic stem cell niche, many of which may be common to mammalian niches in general. This study provides a comprehensive source for further studies of mesenchymal/epithelial interactions in the prostate stem cell niche. The elucidation of pathways in the normal primitive niche may provide greater insight into mechanisms subverted during abnormal proliferative and oncogenic processes. Understanding these events may result in the development of specific targeted therapies for prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hypertrophy and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Blum
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia E. Burger
- Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher S. Ontiveros
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah N. Salm
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College/City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhong Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kamb
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Holger Wesche
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gene Cutler
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David Moscatelli
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - E. Lynette Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Seetharam A, Bai Y, Stuart GW. A survey of well conserved families of C2H2 zinc-finger genes in Daphnia. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:276. [PMID: 20433734 PMCID: PMC2889900 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A recent comparative genomic analysis tentatively identified roughly 40 orthologous groups of C2H2 Zinc-finger proteins that are well conserved in "bilaterians" (i.e. worms, flies, and humans). Here we extend that analysis to include a second arthropod genome from the crustacean, Daphnia pulex. Results Most of the 40 orthologous groups of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins are represented by just one or two proteins within each of the previously surveyed species. Likewise, Daphnia were found to possess a similar number of orthologs for all of these small orthology groups. In contrast, the number of Sp/KLF homologs tends to be greater and to vary between species. Like the corresponding mammalian Sp/KLF proteins, most of the Drosophila and Daphnia homologs can be placed into one of three sub-groups: Class I-III. Daphnia were found to have three Class I proteins that roughly correspond to their Drosophila counterparts, dSP1, btd, CG5669, and three Class II proteins that roughly correspond to Luna, CG12029, CG9895. However, Daphnia have four additional KLF-Class II proteins that are most similar to the vertebrate KLF1/2/4 proteins, a subset not found in Drosophila. Two of these four proteins are encoded by genes linked in tandem. Daphnia also have three KLF-Class III members, one more than Drosophila. One of these is a likely Bteb2 homolog, while the other two correspond to Cabot and KLF13, a vertebrate homolog of Cabot. Conclusion Consistent with their likely roles as fundamental determinants of bilaterian form and function, most of the 40 groups of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins are conserved in kind and number in Daphnia. However, the KLF family includes several additional genes that are most similar to genes present in vertebrates but missing in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Seetharam
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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Milon BC, Agyapong A, Bautista R, Costello LC, Franklin RB. Ras responsive element binding protein-1 (RREB-1) down-regulates hZIP1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2010; 70:288-96. [PMID: 19802870 PMCID: PMC4041352 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal prostate accumulates extremely high levels of zinc compared to other soft tissues. In contrast, the level of zinc in the prostate decreases significantly in prostate cancer. We have shown that down-regulation of the expression of the zinc transporter hZIP1 in prostate cancer is an important event that is responsible for the decrease of zinc levels. However, the mechanism of hZIP1 down-regulation is not known. We have hypothesized that hZIP1 is down-regulated through transcriptional regulation. METHODS The hZIP1 promoter was studied using luciferase reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis, gel shift, and ChIP assay. RESULTS We have characterized a promoter region, downstream of the transcription start site, responsible for repression of hZIP1 transcription. We demonstrate that this region contains a binding site for the Ras-Responsive Element Binding protein 1 (RREB-1) and that the binding of RREB-1 to the hZIP1 promoter is involved in the decrease of hZIP1 transcription in PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION The Ras pathway and activation of RREB-1 are involved in hZIP1 down-regulation and may play a role in the decrease of the transporter expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice C. Milon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anthony Agyapong
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roderick Bautista
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie C. Costello
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Renty B. Franklin
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Renty B. Franklin, Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 7209, Baltimore, MD 21201.
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Chen RL, Chou YC, Lan YJ, Huang TS, Shen CKJ. Developmental silencing of human zeta-globin gene expression is mediated by the transcriptional repressor RREB1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10189-97. [PMID: 20133935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.049130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian embryonic zeta-globin genes, including that of humans, are expressed at the early embryonic stage and then switched off during erythroid development. This autonomous silencing of the zeta-globin gene transcription is probably regulated by the cooperative work of various protein-DNA and protein-protein complexes formed at the zeta-globin promoter and its upstream enhancer (HS-40). We present data here indicating that a protein-binding motif, ZF2, contributes to the repression of the HS-40-regulated human zeta-promoter activity in erythroid cell lines and in transgenic mice. Combined site-directed mutagenesis and EMSA suggest that repression of the human zeta-globin promoter is mediated through binding of the zinc finger factor RREB1 to ZF2. This model is further supported by the observation that human zeta-globin gene transcription is elevated in the human erythroid K562 cell line or the primary erythroid culture upon RNA interference (RNAi)(2) knockdown of RREB1 expression. These data together suggest that RREB1 is a putative repressor for the silencing of the mammalian zeta-globin genes during erythroid development. Because zeta-globin is a powerful inhibitor of HbS polymerization, our experiments have provided a foundation for therapeutic up-regulation of zeta-globin gene expression in patients with severe hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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40
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Flajollet S, Poras I, Carosella ED, Moreau P. RREB-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HLA-G. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:6948-59. [PMID: 19890057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical HLA-G is a molecule specifically involved in immune tolerance with highly restricted tissue distribution in healthy conditions. Yet it is overexpressed in numerous tumors and in allografts with better acceptance. Major mechanisms involved in regulation of HLA-G transcription are still poorly described. Thus, to characterize these mechanisms we have developed a specific proteomic approach to identify proteins that bind differentially to the HLA-G gene promoter by promoter pull-down assay followed by spectrometry mass analysis. Among specific binding factors, we focused on RREB-1, a ras-responsive element binding protein 1. We demonstrated that RREB-1 represses HLA-G transcriptional activity and binds three ras response elements within the HLA-G promoter. RREB-1 protein, specifically in HLA-G-negative cells, interacts with subunits of CtBP complex implicated in chromatin remodeling. This demonstration is the first of a repressor factor of HLA-G transcriptional activity taking part in HLA-G repression by epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Flajollet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, IBM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
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Opdenaker LM, Farach-Carson MC. Rapamycin selectively reduces the association of transcripts containing complex 5' UTRs with ribosomes in C4-2B prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:473-81. [PMID: 19347904 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
mTOR pathway inhibitors, specifically rapamycin and its derivatives, are promising therapeutics that targets downstream pathways including protein translation. We examined the effects of a series of inhibitors targeting various pathways on ribosomal polysome distribution, overall translation rates, and translation of specific mRNAs in the bone derived prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. Treatment with either rapamycin, PD98059 or LY294002 failed to change the distribution of polysomes in sucrose gradients. Although no change in the accumulation of heavy polysomes was observed, there was an overall decrease in the rate of translation caused by treatment with rapamycin or LY294002. Inhibiting the MAPK pathway with PD98059 decreased overall translation by 20%, but had no effect on mRNAs containing a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) sequences or those with complex 5' UTRs. In contrast, treatment with rapamycin for 24 h reduced overall translation by approximately 45% and affected the translation of mRNAs with complex 5' UTRs, specifically VEGF and HIF1alpha. After 24 h, LY294002 treatment alone decreased overall translation by 60%, more than was observed with rapamycin. Although LY294002 and similar inhibitors are effective at blocking prostate cancer cell growth, they act upstream of AKT and PTEN and cancer cells can find a way to bypass this inhibition. Thus, we propose that inhibiting downstream targets such as mTOR or targets of mTOR will provide rational approaches to developing new combination therapies focused on reducing growth of prostate cancer after arrival in the bone environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Opdenaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Mukhopadhyay NK, Kim J, Cinar B, Ramachandran A, Hager MH, Di Vizio D, Adam RM, Rubin MA, Raychaudhuri P, De Benedetti A, Freeman MR. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a novel regulator of androgen receptor translation. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2210-8. [PMID: 19258514 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer is still poorly understood. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in prostate cancer cells was previously shown to lower AR expression by a rapamycin-sensitive, posttranscriptional mechanism involving the AR mRNA 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). In a search for an intermediate within the EGFR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway that regulates AR at this site, we identified the nucleic acid-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K), by mass spectrometric analysis of Akt immune complexes from lipid raft-enriched subcellular fractions. We show here that hnRNP-K is a novel inhibitor of AR mRNA translation that regulates androgen-responsive gene expression and prostate cancer cell proliferation. A functional hnRNP-K binding site involved in down-regulating AR protein levels was identified in the AR mRNA 5'-UTR. Further analysis revealed that hnRNP-K is also able to inhibit AR translation in the absence of the 5'-UTR, consistent with the presence of additional predicted hnRNP-K binding sites within the AR open reading frame and in the 3'-UTR. Immunohistochemical analysis of a human prostate cancer tissue microarray revealed an inverse correlation between hnRNP-K expression and AR protein levels in organ-confined prostate tumors and a substantial decline in cytoplasmic hnRNP-K in metastases, despite an overall increase in hnRNP-K levels in metastatic tumors. These data suggest that translational inhibition of AR by hnRNP-K may occur in organ-confined tumors but possibly at a reduced level in metastases. HnRNP-K is the first protein identified that directly interacts with and regulates the AR translational apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit K Mukhopadhyay
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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The TGF-beta, PI3K/Akt and PTEN pathways: established and proposed biochemical integration in prostate cancer. Biochem J 2009; 417:411-21. [PMID: 19099539 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key to the development of improved pharmacological treatment strategies for cancer is an understanding of the integration of biochemical pathways involved in both tumorigenesis and cancer suppression. Furthermore, genetic markers that may predict the outcome of targeted pharmacological intervention in an individual are central to patient-focused treatment regimens rather than the traditional 'one size fits all' approach. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease in which a patient-tailored care program is a holy grail. This review will describe the evidence that demonstrates the integration of three established pathways: the tumour-suppressive TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) pathway, the tumorigenic PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B) pathway and the tumour-suppressive PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) pathway. It will discuss gene polymorphisms and somatic mutations in relevant genes and highlight novel pharmaceutical agents that target key points in these integrated pathways.
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Jiang H, Jia J. Association between NR2B subunit gene (GRIN2B) promoter polymorphisms and sporadic Alzheimer's disease in the North Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2008; 450:356-60. [PMID: 18983893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a crucial role in learning, memory and information processing of human brain. Its dysfunction is related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We detected four polymorphisms of the promoter regions of the human NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit gene (GRIN2B) in 362 AD patients and 334 healthy in North Han Chinese populations, these were -200T/G (rs1019385), -421C/A (rs3764028), -1447T/C (ENS10557853), and -1497G/A (rs12368476). Genetic analysis confirmed that there were significant differences in genotype (P=0.029) and allele (P=0.010) frequencies for -421C/A between SAD and control. In the subjects without APOE varepsilon4 allele, these difference remained significant (genotype P=0.012, allele P=0.004). The -421CC genotype was about 1.5 fold increasing risk compared with CA+AA genotypes (OR=1.517, 95% CI 1.077-2.137, P=0.017). Luciferase reporter assay showed a 34.69-39.79% decrease in transcriptional activity for -421C allele of GRIN2B promoter compared with -421A in SH-SY5Y and HeLa cell lines. Our study suggests that the -421C allele may induce lower GRIN2B transcriptional activity and NR2B protein expression, thus it is associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
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45
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Quan Y, Ji ZL, Wang X, Tartakoff AM, Tao T. Evolutionary and transcriptional analysis of karyopherin beta superfamily proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1254-69. [PMID: 18353765 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700511-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, karyopherin beta superfamily proteins mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. We investigated the evolutionary and transcriptional patterns of these proteins using bioinformatics approaches. No obvious homologs were found in prokaryotes, but an extensive set of beta-karyopherin proteins was found in yeast. Among 14 beta-karyopherins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, eight corresponded to their human orthologs directly without diversification, two were lost, and the remaining four proteins exhibited gene duplications by different mechanisms. We also identified beta-karyopherin orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, Xenopus tropicalis, Gallus gallus, and Mus musculus. beta-Karyopherins were ubiquitously but nonuniformly expressed in distinct cells and tissues. In yeast and mice, the titer of some beta-karyopherin transcripts appeared to be regulated both during the cell cycle and during development. Further virtual analysis of promoter binding elements suggested that the transcription factors SP1, NRF-2, HEN-1, RREB-1, and nuclear factor Y regulate expression of most beta-karyopherin genes. These findings emphasize new mechanisms in functional diversification of beta-karyopherins and regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Quan
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, the Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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