3
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Krzeminska P, Stachowiak M, Skrzypski M, Nowak T, Maslak A, Switonski M. Altered expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 in undescended testes of dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. Anim Genet 2020; 51:763-771. [PMID: 32657440 DOI: 10.1111/age.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder of sex development in dogs and testosterone plays a crucial role in the inguinal phase of the testes descending into the scrotum. The molecular background of impaired testosterone synthesis in the testes of cryptorchid dogs is poorly elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the expression of four genes involved in testicular steroidogenesis (CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B2 and HSD17B3) in undescended and contralateral scrotal testes from inguinal unilateral cryptorchid dogs (n = 13) and from the scrotal gonads of normal males (n = 15). We found that transcript level of CYP17A1 was significantly increased in inguinal gonads, while the level of CYP19A1 was decreased. For these two genes, we analyzed the methylation level of single CpG sites in the promoter region localized within putative target sites for testicular transcription factors (NUR77, CREB, CAR and HSF2). A correlation between decreased methylation in the promoter of CYP17A1 and its increased transcript level in undescended gonads was observed, but the change in protein level was not significant. We also resequenced the 5'-flanking region of both genes and two known polymorphic sites, SNP in CYP17A1 and an indel in CYP19A1, were found. However, the distribution of the variants in affected (n = 80) and control (n = 75) dogs was not associated with cryptorchidism. We tentatively conclude that the altered expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 in undescended testes could be caused by their exposure to increased temperature in the body. Furthermore, we showed that the identified polymorphisms cannot be considered markers associated with a predisposition to cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krzeminska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - T Nowak
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Maslak
- Vital-Vet Veterinary Surgery, sw. Floriana 4, 62-045, Pniewy, Poland
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Park E, Kumar S, Lee B, Kim KJ, Seo JE, Choi HS, Lee K. Estrogen receptor-related receptor γ regulates testicular steroidogenesis through direct and indirect regulation of steroidogenic gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 452:15-24. [PMID: 28479375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of testosterone, which mainly occurs in testicular Leydig cells, is controlled by steroidogenic proteins, such as StAR and P450c17. Although estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor, is expressed in the testis, its role is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of ERRγ in Leydig cells and its molecular action on testicular steroidogenesis. ERRγ is expressed in mouse Leydig cells from pre-pubertal stages. ERRγ overexpression in primary Leydig cells elevated the production of testosterone with a marked increase of P450c17 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, albeit decreased expression of StAR. Promoter-reporter analyses showed that ERRγ directly regulated the P450c17 promoter. Further deletion mutant analyses of the P450c17 promoter revealed that ERRγ activated expression of the P450c17 gene by binding to an ERRγ response element within the P450c17 promoter. Meanwhile, ERRγ suppressed cAMP-induced activation of the StAR promoter, which was likely due to ERRγ-mediated inhibition of the transcriptional activity of Nur77, which is induced by cAMP and regulates StAR gene expression in Leydig cells. Interestingly, ERRγ coexpression also decreased the protein level of Nur77, which occurred through proteasomal degradation, suggesting ERRγ-mediated regulation of steroidogenesis at another level. Taken together, these findings suggest that ERRγ regulates testicular steroidogenesis, both directly controlling and indirectly fine-tuning the expression of steroidogenic genes.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leydig Cells/drug effects
- Leydig Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Testosterone/biosynthesis
- Testosterone/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; K-herb Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Seo
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesook Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ohba K, Leow MKS, Singh BK, Sinha RA, Lesmana R, Liao XH, Ghosh S, Refetoff S, Sng JCG, Yen PM. Desensitization and Incomplete Recovery of Hepatic Target Genes After Chronic Thyroid Hormone Treatment and Withdrawal in Male Adult Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1660-72. [PMID: 26866609 PMCID: PMC4816733 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms may vary and not necessarily reflect serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels during acute and chronic hyperthyroidism as well as recovery from hyperthyroidism. We thus examined changes in hepatic gene expression and serum TH/TSH levels in adult male mice treated either with a single T3 (20 μg per 100 g body weight) injection (acute T3) or daily injections for 14 days (chronic T3) followed by 10 days of withdrawal. Gene expression arrays from livers harvested at these time points showed that among positively-regulated target genes, 320 were stimulated acutely and 429 chronically by T3. Surprisingly, only 69 of 680 genes (10.1%) were induced during both periods, suggesting desensitization of the majority of acutely stimulated target genes. About 90% of positively regulated target genes returned to baseline expression levels after 10 days of withdrawal; however, 67 of 680 (9.9%) did not return to baseline despite normalization of serum TH/TSH levels. Similar findings also were observed for negatively regulated target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of representative positively regulated target genes suggested that acetylation of H3K9/K14 was associated with acute stimulation, whereas trimethylation of H3K4 was associated with chronic stimulation. In an in vivo model of chronic intrahepatic hyperthyroidism since birth, adult male monocarboxylate transporter-8 knockout mice also demonstrated desensitization of most acutely stimulated target genes that were examined. In summary, we have identified transcriptional desensitization and incomplete recovery of gene expression during chronic hyperthyroidism and recovery. Our findings may be a potential reason for discordance between clinical symptoms and serum TH levels observed in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohba
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Judy Chia Ghee Sng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program (K.O., B.K.S., R.A.S., R.L., S.G., P.M.Y.), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 229899; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (M.K.-S.L.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 117609; Department of Physiology (R.L.), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; Departments of Medicine (X.-H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Pharmacology (J.C.G.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
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