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Juras PK, Racioppi L, Mukherjee D, Artham S, Gao X, D’Agostino LA, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Increased CaMKK2 Expression Is an Adaptive Response That Maintains the Fitness of Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:109-122. [PMID: 36301267 PMCID: PMC9812906 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis in several cell types. Expression of this enzyme in tumor cells promotes proliferation and migration, and expression in tumor-associated immune cells facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, there has been interest in developing CaMKK2 inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutics. One impediment to clinical development of these agents is that the roles of CaMKK2 in other cellular compartments within the tumor immune microenvironment remain to be established. We report herein that CaMKK2 is expressed at low basal levels in natural killer (NK) cells but is upregulated in tumor-infiltrating NK cells where it suppresses apoptosis and promotes proliferation. NK cell-intrinsic deletion of CaMKK2 increased metastatic progression in several murine models, establishing a critical role for this enzyme in NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Ablation of the CaMKK2 protein, but not inhibition of its kinase activity, resulted in decreased NK-cell survival. These results indicate an important scaffolding function for CaMKK2 in NK cells and suggest that competitive CaMKK2 inhibitors and ligand-directed degraders (LDD) are likely to have distinct therapeutic utilities. Finally, we determined that intracellular lactic acid is a key driver of CaMKK2 expression, suggesting that upregulated expression of this enzyme is an adaptive mechanism by which tumor-infiltrating NK cells mitigate the deleterious effects of a lactic acid-rich tumor microenvironment. The findings of this study should inform strategies to manipulate the CaMKK2-signaling axis as a therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Juras
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Akullian D’Agostino
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donald P. McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Jiang Y, Feng C, Shi Y, Kou X, Le G. Eugenol improves high-fat diet/streptomycin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice muscle dysfunction by alleviating inflammation and increasing muscle glucose uptake. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1039753. [PMID: 36424928 PMCID: PMC9681568 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1039753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol has been used in dietary interventions for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, the protective effect of eugenol on muscle function in diabetes is unclear. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) with a streptozocin (STZ) injection induced type II diabetes mellitus in a mouse model. Oral eugenol lowered blood glucose and insulin resistance of HFD/STZ-treated mice. Eugenol reduced HFD/STZ-induced muscle inflammation and prevented muscle weakness and atrophy. Eugenol administration significantly increased GLUT4 translocation and AMPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, thereby enhancing glucose uptake. By silencing the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1) gene in C2C12 myotube cells, eugenol was found to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels through TRPV1, which then activated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-2 (CaMKK2) and affected AMPK protein phosphorylation. In conclusion, eugenol is a potential nutraceutical for preventing high-glucose-induced muscle impairments, which could be explained by its mediating effects on glucose absorption and inflammatory responses in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Jiang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuanxing Feng
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingran Kou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Le
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Fu L, Zhao L, Liang M, Ran K, Fu J, Qiu H, Li F, Shu M. Identification of potential CAMKK2 inhibitors based on virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Fu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meichen Liang
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ran
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911025. [PMID: 36232320 PMCID: PMC9570080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and 5′AMP-kinase (AMPK), through the phosphorylation of their activation-loop Thr residues in response to increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as CaMKK itself is a Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzyme. The CaMKK-mediated kinase cascade plays important roles in a number of Ca2+-dependent pathways, such as neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity, transcriptional activation, autophagy, and metabolic regulation, as well as in pathophysiological pathways, including cancer progression, metabolic syndrome, and mental disorders. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKK-mediated signal transduction in normal and pathophysiological conditions. We summarize the current knowledge of the structural, functional, and physiological properties of the regulatory kinase, CaMKK, and the development and application of its pharmacological inhibitors.
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Stork BA, Dean A, Ortiz AR, Saha P, Putluri N, Planas-Silva MD, Mahmud I, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Knapp S, Lorenzi PL, Kemp BE, Turk BE, Scott JW, Means AR, York B. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 regulates hepatic fuel metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101513. [PMID: 35562082 PMCID: PMC9157561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver is the primary internal metabolic organ that coordinates whole body energy homeostasis in response to feeding and fasting. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) has been shown to significantly improve hepatic health and peripheral insulin sensitivity upon overnutrition with high fat diet. However, the precise molecular underpinnings that explain this metabolic protection have remained largely undefined. METHODS To characterize the role of CaMKK2 in hepatic metabolism, we developed and challenged liver-specific CaMKK2 knockout (CaMKK2LKO) mice with high fat diet and performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests to evaluate peripheral insulin sensitivity. We used a combination of RNA-Sequencing, glucose and fatty acid istotopic tracer studies, a newly developed Seahorse assay for measuring the oxidative capacity of purified peroxisomes, and a degenerate peptide libarary to identify putative CaMKK2 substrates that mechanistically explain the protective effects of hepatic CaMKK2 ablation. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, we show that hepatic CaMKK2 ablation significantly improves indices of peripheral insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, we found that CaMKK2 phosphorylates and regulates GAPDH to promote glucose metabolism and PEX3 to blunt peroxisomal fatty acid catabolism in the liver. CONCLUSION CaMKK2 is a central metabolic fuel sensor in the liver that significantly contributes to whole body systems metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Stork
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adam Dean
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrea R Ortiz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pradip Saha
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - John W Scott
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony R Means
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brian York
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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6
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Pulliam TL, Awad D, Han JJ, Murray MM, Ackroyd JJ, Goli P, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Ittmann MM, Frigo DE. Systemic Ablation of Camkk2 Impairs Metastatic Colonization and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in TRAMP Mice: Evidence for Cancer Cell-Extrinsic CAMKK2 Functions in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1890. [PMID: 35741020 PMCID: PMC9221545 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite early studies linking calcium-calmodulin protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) to prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, the role of CAMKK2 in metastasis in vivo remains unclear. Moreover, while CAMKK2 is known to regulate systemic metabolism, whether CAMKK2's effects on whole-body metabolism would impact prostate cancer progression and/or related comorbidities is not known. Here, we demonstrate that germline ablation of Camkk2 slows, but does not stop, primary prostate tumorigenesis in the TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) genetic mouse model. Consistent with prior epidemiological reports supporting a link between obesity and prostate cancer aggressiveness, TRAMP mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited a pronounced increase in the colonization of lung metastases. We demonstrated that this effect on the metastatic spread was dependent on CAMKK2. Notably, diet-induced lung metastases exhibited a highly aggressive neuroendocrine phenotype. Concurrently, Camkk2 deletion improved insulin sensitivity in the same mice. Histological analyses revealed that cancer cells were smaller in the TRAMP;Camkk2-/- mice compared to TRAMP;Camkk2+/+ controls. Given the differences in circulating insulin levels, a known regulator of cell growth, we hypothesized that systemic CAMKK2 could promote prostate cancer cell growth and disease progression in part through cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Accordingly, host deletion of Camkk2 impaired the growth of syngeneic murine prostate tumors in vivo, confirming nonautonomous roles for CAMKK2 in prostate cancer. Cancer cell size and mTOR signaling was diminished in tumors propagated in Camkk2-null mice. Together, these data indicate that, in addition to cancer cell-intrinsic roles, CAMKK2 mediates prostate cancer progression via tumor-extrinsic mechanisms. Further, we propose that CAMKK2 inhibition may also help combat common metabolic comorbidities in men with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny J. Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Mollianne M. Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Pavithr Goli
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia; (J.S.O.); (J.W.S.)
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia; (J.S.O.); (J.W.S.)
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3065, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.L.P.); (D.A.); (J.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (J.J.A.); (P.G.)
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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7
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Wang YZ, Li YY, Wang R, Zhong YJ, Chen L, Song MW, Shi L, Li L, Li YW. Caffeic acid dimethyl ether alleviates alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis via microRNA-378b-mediated CaMKK2-AMPK pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11122-11136. [PMID: 35481488 PMCID: PMC9208468 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), with its increasing morbidity and mortality, has seriously and extensively affected the health of people worldwide. Caffeic Acid Dimethyl Ether (CADE) significantly inhibits alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but its in-depth mechanism remains unclear. This work aimed to clarify further mechanism of CADE in improving hepatic lipid accumulation in ALD through the microRNA-378b (miR-378b)-mediated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-AMPK signaling pathway. Here, we reported that the hepatic or serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were sharply escalated by ethanol while prominently decreased by CADE. Ethanol sharply up-regulated miR-378b expression while CADE effectively prevented the elevation of miR-378b in vivo. And treatment of CADE surely increased mRNA and protein expression of CaMKK2 as a kinase of AMPK and reduced lipid accumulation in the livers of alcohol-fed C57BL/6 mice. MiR-378b escalation exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inhibited CaMKK2-AMPK signaling, while miR-378b deficiency alleviated lipid accumulation and activated the CaMKK2 cascade. Furthermore, CADE alleviated the lipid deposition and reversed the disorder of CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway induced by miR-378b over-expression. However, knockdown of miR-378b eliminated the beneficial effect of CADE on lipid metabolism. In brief, our results showed that CADE ultimately improved hepatic lipid deposition by regulating the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway through miR-378b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ying-Zhao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Meng-Wei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong-Wen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin, China
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Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar N, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2244-2259. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
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10
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Lien YC, Pinney SE, Lu XM, Simmons RA. Identification of Novel Regulatory Regions Induced by Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Rat Islets. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6459683. [PMID: 34894232 PMCID: PMC8743043 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and the permanent alterations in gene expression implicate an epigenetic mechanism. Using a rat model of IUGR, we performed TrueSeq-HELP Tagging to assess the association of DNA methylation changes and gene dysregulation in islets. We identified 511 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 4377 significantly altered single CpG sites. Integrating the methylome and our published transcriptome data sets resulted in the identification of pathways critical for islet function. The identified DMRs were enriched with transcription factor binding motifs, such as Elk1, Etv1, Foxa1, Foxa2, Pax7, Stat3, Hnf1, and AR. In silico analysis of 3-dimensional chromosomal interactions using human pancreas and islet Hi-C data sets identified interactions between 14 highly conserved DMRs and 35 genes with significant expression changes at an early age, many of which persisted in adult islets. In adult islets, there were far more interactions between DMRs and genes with significant expression changes identified with Hi-C, and most of them were critical to islet metabolism and insulin secretion. The methylome was integrated with our published genome-wide histone modification data sets from IUGR islets, resulting in further characterization of important regulatory regions of the genome altered by IUGR containing both significant changes in DNA methylation and specific histone marks. We identified novel regulatory regions in islets after exposure to IUGR, suggesting that epigenetic changes at key transcription factor binding motifs and other gene regulatory regions may contribute to gene dysregulation and an abnormal islet phenotype in IUGR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xueqing Maggie Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca A. Simmons, MD, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, 13th Fl, Rm 1308, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Liu J, Zhou J, Zhao S, Xu X, Li CJ, Li L, Shen T, Hunt PW, Zhang R. Differential responses of abomasal transcriptome to Haemonchus contortus infection between Haemonchus-selected and Trichostrongylus-selected merino sheep. Parasitol Int 2022; 87:102539. [PMID: 35007764 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode infecting sheep and goats. The two CSIRO sheep resource flocks, the Haemonchus-selected flock (HSF) and Trichostrongylus-selected flock (TSF) were developed for research on host resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematode infection. A recent study focused on the gene expression differences between resistant and susceptible sheep within each flock, with lymphatic and gastrointestinal tissues. To identify features in the host transcriptome and understand the molecular differences underlying host resistance to H. contortus between flocks with different selective breeding and genetic backgrounds, we compared the abomasal transcriptomic responses of the resistant or susceptible animals between HSF and TSF flocks. A total of 11 and 903 differentially expressed genes were identified in the innate infection treatment in HSF and TSF flocks between resistant and susceptible sheep respectively, while 52 and 485 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in the acquired infection treatment, respectively. Among them, 294 genes had significantly different gene expression levels between HSF and TSF flock animals within the susceptible sheep by both the innate and acquired infections. Moreover, similar expression patterns of the 294 genes were observed, with 273 genes more highly expressed in HSF and 21 more highly expressed in the TSF within the abomasal transcriptome of the susceptible animals. Gene ontology enrichment of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study predicted the likely differing function between the two flock's susceptible lines in response to H. contortus infection. Nineteen pathways were significantly enriched in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in susceptible animals, which indicated that these pathways likely contribute to the host resistance development to H. contortus infection in susceptible sheep. Biological networks built for the set of genes differentially abundant in susceptible animals identified hub genes of PRKG1, PRKACB, PRKACA, and ITGB1 for the innate immune response, and CALM2, MYL1, COL1A1, ITGB1 and ITGB3 for the adaptive immune response, respectively. Our results offered a quantitative snapshot of host transcriptomic changes induced by H. contortus infection between flocks with different selective breeding and genetic backgrounds and provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms of host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Jiachang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Si Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China; International Medical School, Hebei Foreign Studies University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050096, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Tingbo Shen
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Peter W Hunt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
| | - Runfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Huangshi Biomedicine Industry and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China.
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12
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Zhou X, Guo W, Yin H, Chen J, Ma L, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu W, Li H. Whole Exome Sequencing Study in a Family with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8217-8229. [PMID: 34815695 PMCID: PMC8605871 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by β cell decline in the pancreas and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the possible pathogenic gene mutation sites of T2DM patients using whole exome sequencing. Materials and Methods We recruited a Chinese family with 3-generation history of diabetes. The whole blood genomic DNA of seven members of the family was extracted and sent for whole exome sequencing. Biological information was analyzed with in silico prediction methods, including significance analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/Indel site, and analysis of specific SNP/Indel proteins and their potential mechanisms. Results Six out of seven members of the family were diagnosed with diabetes. All DNA samples (23 kb) met quality requirements of library construction. Clean reads of each sample demonstrated high Q20 and Q30 (>80%), indicating good sequencing quality of sequencing data. A total of 130,693 SNPs and 15,928 Indels were found in DNA samples. A total of 22 significant SNPs and Indel mutation sites located on 19 genes were obtained, including ZCCHC3, SYN2, RPL14, SRRD, AMD1, CAMKK2, ZNF787, RNF157, NPIPB15, ALG3, KIAA0040, MAST2, ESRRA, C8orf58, PNLIPRP1, DACH1, MACC1, CAPN9 and DMKN. An rs2305205 mutation of PNLIPRP1 gene and an rs778701848 mutation of CAMKK2 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM in this family. Conclusion Exons of these diabetic patients demonstrated an rs2305205 mutation in PNLIPRP1 gene and an rs778701848 mutation in CAMKK2 gene. These two mutations might promote T2DM occurrence through reducing sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin and reducing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichang Guo
- Department of Physical Education, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejia Yin
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Liju Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyou Li
- Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Li
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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13
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Abu-Odeh M, Zhang Y, Reilly SM, Ebadat N, Keinan O, Valentine JM, Hafezi-Bakhtiari M, Ashayer H, Mamoun L, Zhou X, Zhang J, Yu RT, Dai Y, Liddle C, Downes M, Evans RM, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ, Saltiel AR. FGF21 promotes thermogenic gene expression as an autocrine factor in adipocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109331. [PMID: 34192547 PMCID: PMC8293281 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of adipose-derived FGF21 to energy homeostasis is unclear. Here we show that browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) by β-adrenergic agonists requires autocrine FGF21 signaling. Adipose-specific deletion of the FGF21 co-receptor β-Klotho renders mice unresponsive to β-adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, mice with liver-specific ablation of FGF21, which eliminates circulating FGF21, remain sensitive to β-adrenergic browning of iWAT. Concordantly, transgenic overexpression of FGF21 in adipocytes promotes browning in a β-Klotho-dependent manner without increasing circulating FGF21. Mechanistically, we show that β-adrenergic stimulation of thermogenic gene expression requires FGF21 in adipocytes to promote phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ and mobilization of intracellular calcium. Moreover, we find that the β-adrenergic-dependent increase in circulating FGF21 occurs through an indirect mechanism in which fatty acids released by adipocyte lipolysis subsequently activate hepatic PPARα to increase FGF21 expression. These studies identify FGF21 as a cell-autonomous autocrine regulator of adipose tissue function. Abu-Odeh et al. demonstrate that autocrine action of FGF21 is a required second signal promoting thermogenic gene expression in catecholamine-stimulated adipocytes. Hepatic FGF21 secretions, secondary to catecholamine-stimulated adipocyte lipolysis, are dispensable for adipose tissue browning. These studies identify FGF21 as a cell-autonomous autocrine regulator of adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nima Ebadat
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph M Valentine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Hadeel Ashayer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lana Mamoun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Liu M, Huang Y, Xu X, Li X, Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Ding L, Wang S, Itkin-Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Tsai B, Qi L, Arvan P. Normal and defective pathways in biogenesis and maintenance of the insulin storage pool. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142240. [PMID: 33463547 PMCID: PMC7810482 DOI: 10.1172/jci142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release occur primarily by insulin secretory granule exocytosis from pancreatic β cells, and both are needed to maintain normoglycemia. Loss of insulin-secreting β cells, accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance, may involve simple exhaustion of insulin reserves (which, by immunostaining, appears as a loss of β cell identity), or β cell dedifferentiation, or β cell death. While various sensing and signaling defects can result in diminished insulin secretion, somewhat less attention has been paid to diabetes risk caused by insufficiency in the biosynthetic generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule storage pool. This Review offers an overview of insulin biosynthesis, beginning with the preproinsulin mRNA (translation and translocation into the ER), proinsulin folding and export from the ER, and delivery via the Golgi complex to secretory granules for conversion to insulin and ultimate hormone storage. All of these steps are needed for generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule pool, and defects in any of these steps may, weakly or strongly, perturb glycemic control. The foregoing considerations have obvious potential relevance to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and some forms of monogenic diabetes; conceivably, several of these concepts might also have implications for β cell failure in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Zhang H, Kong Q, Wang J, Jiang Y, Hua H. Complex roles of cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling in cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:32. [PMID: 33292604 PMCID: PMC7684908 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the first discovered second messenger, which plays pivotal roles in cell signaling, and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. cAMP can regulate the transcription of various target genes, mainly through protein kinase A (PKA) and its downstream effectors such as cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). In addition, PKA can phosphorylate many kinases such as Raf, GSK3 and FAK. Aberrant cAMP-PKA signaling is involved in various types of human tumors. Especially, cAMP signaling may have both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles depending on the tumor types and context. cAMP-PKA signaling can regulate cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and metabolism. This review highlights the important roles of cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling in tumorigenesis. The potential strategies to target this pathway for cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Laboratory of Oncogene, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Takaya D, Niwa H, Mikuni J, Nakamura K, Handa N, Tanaka A, Yokoyama S, Honma T. Protein ligand interaction analysis against new CaMKK2 inhibitors by use of X-ray crystallography and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 99:107599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Age and metabolic disorders result in the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), oxidative stress, and inflammation, which cumulatively cause a decline in skeletal health. Bone becomes increasingly vulnerable to fractures and its regenerative capacity diminishes under such conditions. With a rapidly aging population in the USA and the global increase in diabetes, efficacious, multi-dimensional therapies that can treat or prevent skeletal diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory disorders are acutely needed. RECENT FINDINGS Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a key regulator of nutrient intake, glucose metabolism, insulin production, and adipogenesis. Recent studies suggest a pivotal role for CaMKK2 in bone metabolism, fracture healing, and inflammation. Aside from rekindling previous concepts of CaMKK2 as a potent regulator of whole-body energy homeostasis, this review emphasizes CaMKK2 as a potential therapeutic target to treat skeletal diseases that underlie metabolic conditions and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS-5055, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS-5055, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Leptin-induced Trafficking of K ATP Channels: A Mechanism to Regulate Pancreatic β-cell Excitability and Insulin Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112660. [PMID: 31151172 PMCID: PMC6600549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte hormone leptin was first recognized for its actions in the central nervous system to regulate energy homeostasis but has since been shown to have direct actions on peripheral tissues. In pancreatic β-cells leptin suppresses insulin secretion by increasing KATP channel conductance, which causes membrane hyperpolarization and renders β-cells electrically silent. However, the mechanism by which leptin increases KATP channel conductance had remained unresolved for many years following the initial observation. Recent studies have revealed that leptin increases surface abundance of KATP channels by promoting channel trafficking to the β-cell membrane. Thus, KATP channel trafficking regulation has emerged as a mechanism by which leptin increases KATP channel conductance to regulate β-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion. This review will discuss the leptin signaling pathway that underlies KATP channel trafficking regulation in β-cells.
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19
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Kan J, Zhao C, Lu S, Shen G, Yang J, Tong P, Xi L, Zhang R, Liang X, Su D, Li D, Liu Y. S100A16, a novel lipogenesis promoting factor in livers of mice and hepatocytes in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21395-21406. [PMID: 31069793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbao Kan
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Cuiping Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Geqian Shen
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Pei Tong
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ling Xi
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Rihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- The Center of Metabolic Disease Research Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dongming Su
- The Center of Metabolic Disease Research Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Sabatini PV, Speckmann T, Lynn FC. Friend and foe: β-cell Ca 2+ signaling and the development of diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 21:1-12. [PMID: 30630689 PMCID: PMC6407368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The divalent cation Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a wide range of processes in disparate cell types. Within insulin-producing β-cells, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ directly stimulate insulin vesicle exocytosis, but also initiate multiple signaling pathways. Mediated through activation of downstream kinases and transcription factors, Ca2+-regulated signaling pathways leverage substantial influence on a number of critical cellular processes within the β-cell. Additionally, there is evidence that prolonged activation of these same pathways is detrimental to β-cell health and may contribute to Type 2 Diabetes pathogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims to briefly highlight canonical Ca2+ signaling pathways in β-cells and how β-cells regulate the movement of Ca2+ across numerous organelles and microdomains. As a main focus, this review synthesizes experimental data from in vitro and in vivo models on both the beneficial and detrimental effects of Ca2+ signaling pathways for β-cell function and health. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Acute increases in intracellular Ca2+ stimulate a number of signaling cascades, resulting in (de-)phosphorylation events and activation of downstream transcription factors. The short-term stimulation of these Ca2+ signaling pathways promotes numerous cellular processes critical to β-cell function, including increased viability, replication, and insulin production and secretion. Conversely, chronic stimulation of Ca2+ signaling pathways increases β-cell ER stress and results in the loss of β-cell differentiation status. Together, decades of study demonstrate that Ca2+ movement is tightly regulated within the β-cell, which is at least partially due to its dual roles as a potent signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Jiang WJ, Peng YC, Yang KM. Cellular signaling pathways regulating β-cell proliferation as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3275-3285. [PMID: 30233674 PMCID: PMC6143874 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is established that a decrease in β-cell number and deficiency in the function of existing β-cells contribute to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a major focus of current research is to identify novel methods of improving the number and function of β-cells, so as to prevent and/or postpone the development of diabetes mellitus and potentially reverse diabetes mellitus. Based on prior knowledge of the above-mentioned causes, promising therapeutic approaches may include direct transplantation of islets, implantation and subsequent induced differentiation of progenitors/stem cells to β-cells, replication of pre-existing β-cells, or activation of endogenous β-cell progenitors. More recently, with regards to cell replacement and regenerative treatment for diabetes patients, the identification of cellular signaling pathways with related genes or corresponding proteins involved in diabetes has become a topic of interest. However, the majority of pathways and molecules associated with β-cells remain unresolved, and the specialized functions of known pathways remain unclear, particularly in humans. The current article has evaluated the progress of research on pivotal cellular signaling pathways involved with β-cell proliferation and survival, and their validity for therapeutic adult β-cell regeneration in diabetes. More efforts are required to elucidate the cellular events involved in human β-cell proliferation in terms of the underlying mechanisms and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Jiang
- Institute of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chuan Peng
- Institute of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Ming Yang
- Institute of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
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22
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Williams JN, Kambrath AV, Patel RB, Kang KS, Mével E, Li Y, Cheng YH, Pucylowski AJ, Hassert MA, Voor MJ, Kacena MA, Thompson WR, Warden SJ, Burr DB, Allen MR, Robling AG, Sankar U. Inhibition of CaMKK2 Enhances Fracture Healing by Stimulating Indian Hedgehog Signaling and Accelerating Endochondral Ossification. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:930-944. [PMID: 29314250 PMCID: PMC6549722 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of all bone fractures do not heal, resulting in patient morbidity and healthcare costs. However, no pharmacological treatments are currently available to promote efficient bone healing. Inhibition of Ca2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) reverses age-associated loss of trabecular and cortical bone volume and strength in mice. In the current study, we investigated the role of CaMKK2 in bone fracture healing and show that its pharmacological inhibition using STO-609 accelerates early cellular and molecular events associated with endochondral ossification, resulting in a more rapid and efficient healing of the fracture. Within 7 days postfracture, treatment with STO-609 resulted in enhanced Indian hedgehog signaling, paired-related homeobox (PRX1)-positive mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment, and chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, along with elevated expression of osterix, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type 1 collagen at the fracture callus. Early deposition of primary bone by osteoblasts resulted in STO-609-treated mice possessing significantly higher callus bone volume by 14 days following fracture. Subsequent rapid maturation of the bone matrix bestowed fractured bones in STO-609-treated animals with significantly higher torsional strength and stiffness by 28 days postinjury, indicating accelerated healing of the fracture. Previous studies indicate that fixed and closed femoral fractures in the mice take 35 days to fully heal without treatment. Therefore, our data suggest that STO-609 potentiates a 20% acceleration of the bone healing process. Moreover, inhibiting CaMKK2 also imparted higher mechanical strength and stiffness at the contralateral cortical bone within 4 weeks of treatment. Taken together, the data presented here underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting CaMKK2 to promote efficacious and rapid healing of bone fractures and as a mechanism to strengthen normal bones. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Roshni B. Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elsa Mével
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Austin J Pucylowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mariah A. Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Voor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William R. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Stuart J. Warden
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David B. Burr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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23
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Yalvac ME, Amornvit J, Braganza C, Chen L, Hussain SRA, Shontz KM, Montgomery CL, Flanigan KM, Lewis S, Sahenk Z. Impaired regeneration in calpain-3 null muscle is associated with perturbations in mTORC1 signaling and defective mitochondrial biogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:27. [PMID: 29241457 PMCID: PMC5731057 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) have suggested that calpain-3 (CAPN3) mutations result in aberrant regeneration in muscle. Methods To gain insight into pathogenesis of aberrant muscle regeneration in LGMD2A, we used a paradigm of cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced cycles of muscle necrosis and regeneration in the CAPN3-KO mice to simulate the early features of the dystrophic process in LGMD2A. The temporal evolution of the regeneration process was followed by assessing the oxidative state, size, and the number of metabolic fiber types at 4 and 12 weeks after last CTX injection. Muscles isolated at these time points were further investigated for the key regulators of the pathways involved in various cellular processes such as protein synthesis, cellular energy status, metabolism, and cell stress to include Akt/mTORC1 signaling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and AMPK signaling. TGF-β and microRNA (miR-1, miR-206, miR-133a) regulation were also assessed. Additional studies included in vitro assays for quantifying fusion index of myoblasts from CAPN3-KO mice and development of an in vivo gene therapy paradigm for restoration of impaired regeneration using the adeno-associated virus vector carrying CAPN3 gene in the muscle. Results At 4 and 12 weeks after last CTX injection, we found impaired regeneration in CAPN3-KO muscle characterized by excessive numbers of small lobulated fibers belonging to oxidative metabolic type (slow twitch) and increased connective tissue. TGF-β transcription levels in the regenerating CAPN3-KO muscles were significantly increased along with microRNA dysregulation compared to wild type (WT), and the attenuated radial growth of muscle fibers was accompanied by perturbed Akt/mTORC1 signaling, uncoupled from protein synthesis, through activation of AMPK pathway, thought to be triggered by energy shortage in the CAPN3-KO muscle. This was associated with failure to increase mitochondria content, PGC-1α, and ATP5D transcripts in the regenerating CAPN3-KO muscles compared to WT. In vitro studies showed defective myotube fusion in CAPN3-KO myoblast cultures. Replacement of CAPN3 by gene therapy in vivo increased the fiber size and decreased the number of small oxidative fibers. Conclusion Our findings provide insights into understanding of the impaired radial growth phase of regeneration in calpainopathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-017-0146-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E Yalvac
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jakkrit Amornvit
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Current Address: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cilwyn Braganza
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly M Shontz
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chrystal L Montgomery
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zarife Sahenk
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Neuromuscular Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive Rm WA 3024, Columbus, USA.
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24
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Ramos-Lopez O, Samblas M, Milagro FI, Zulet MA, Mansego ML, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Association of low dietary folate intake with lower CAMKK2 gene methylation, adiposity, and insulin resistance in obese subjects. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 29540272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Folate deficiency has been putatively implicated in the onset of diverse metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, by altering epigenetic processes on key regulatory genes. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is involved in the regulation of critical metabolic processes such as adiposity and glucose homeostasis. This study hypothesized associations between low folate intakes and lower methylation levels of the CAMKK2 gene, with the presence of metabolic alterations in subjects with obesity. A cross-sectional ancillary study was conducted in obese subjects (n=47) from the RESMENA study (Spain). Fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake and metabolic profile were assessed by validated methods. DNA methylation and gene expression in peripheral white blood cells were analyzed by microarray approaches. A total of 51 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were associated with folate intake (false discovery rate values < 0.0001), including one located in the 5' untranslated region of the CAMKK2 gene (Illumina ID, cg16942632), which was selected and separately analyzed. Subjects with total folate intake lower than 300μg/d showed more fat mass (especially trunk fat), as well as statistically higher levels of glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, cortisol, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 than those consuming at least or more than 300μg/d. Of note, folate deficiency was related to lower CAMKK2 methylation. Interestingly, CAMKK2 methylation negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR index. Furthermore, CAMKK2 expression directly correlated with HOMA-IR values. In summary, this study suggests associations between low folate intakes, lower CAMKK2 gene methylation, and insulin resistance in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirian Samblas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria L Mansego
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 with the selective antagonist STO-609 regresses NAFLD. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11793. [PMID: 28924233 PMCID: PMC5603587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of calcium to its intracellular receptor calmodulin (CaM) activates a family of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases. CaMKK2 (Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase 2) is a central member of this kinase family as it controls the actions of a CaMK cascade involving CaMKI, CaMKIV or AMPK. CaMKK2 controls insulin signaling, metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and cancer cell growth highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. STO-609 is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of CaMKK2. Although STO-609 has been used extensively in vitro and in cells to characterize and define new mechanistic functions of CaMKK2, only a few studies have reported the in vivo use of STO-609. We synthesized functional STO-609 and assessed its pharmacological properties through in vitro (kinase assay), ex vivo (human liver microsomes) and in vivo (mouse) model systems. We describe the metabolic processing of STO-609, its toxicity, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in a variety of mouse tissues. Utilizing these data, we show STO-609 treatment to inhibit CaMKK2 function confers protection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These data provide a valuable resource by establishing criteria for use of STO-609 to inhibit the in vivo functions of CaMKK2 and demonstrate its utility for treating metabolically-related hepatic disease.
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26
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Marcelo KL, Means AR, York B. The Ca(2+)/Calmodulin/CaMKK2 Axis: Nature's Metabolic CaMshaft. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:706-718. [PMID: 27449752 PMCID: PMC5035586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an essential ligand that binds its primary intracellular receptor calmodulin (CaM) to trigger a variety of downstream processes and pathways. Central to the actions of Ca(2+)/CaM is the activation of a highly conserved Ca(2+)/CaM kinase (CaMK) cascade that amplifies Ca(2+) signals through a series of subsequent phosphorylation events. Proper regulation of Ca(2+) flux is necessary for whole-body metabolism and disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis has been linked to various metabolic diseases. Here we provide a synthesis of recent advances that highlight the roles of the Ca(2+)/CaMK axis in key metabolic tissues. An appreciation of this information is critical to understanding the mechanisms by which Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent signaling contributes to metabolic homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina L Marcelo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony R Means
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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