1
|
Bhushan V, Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A, Kumar A. Antidiabetic effectiveness of Phyllanthus niruri bioactive compounds via targeting DPP-IV. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38590294 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2337108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is a small herb and is categorised as one of the rich medicinal plants throughout the world. This study aimed to evaluate the P. niruri L. whole plant extract (PNE) for secondary metabolite assay (total phenolic and terpenoid content) followed by the potential antioxidant activity (ABTS diammonium salt radical assay, DPPH· activity, superoxide anion (O2-) radicals' assay, and nitric oxide (NO) radical generation) and antidiabetic activity in vivo and in vitro in streptozotocin (STZ) induced albino mice. PNE showed good scavenging activity with a value of 286.45 ± 6.55 mg TE/g and 194.54 ± 4.64 mg TE/g in ABTS and DPPH assays respectively. In the superoxide anion assay, the PNE caused a dose-dependent inhibition at the lowest IC25 value of 0.17 ± 0.00 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (IC25 of 0.25 ± 0.02 mg/mL). The scavenging ability of PNE against nitric oxide showed an IC25 of 1.13 ± 0.04 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (IC25 4.78 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Unlike diabetic control mice, the PNE-treated diabetic mice presented significant amelioration of glycaemia and lipid dysmetabolism. Phytochemicals like Astragalin, Gallocatechin, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Brevifolin carboxylic acid, Phyllnirurin, and Hypophyllanthin showed significant docking score (> -4) of inhibitory potential with DPP-IV protein. Results indicated that PNE phytochemicals could be a promising antidiabetic agent by targeting DPP-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Bhushan
- Department of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna, India
- Department of Botany, T.P.S. College, Patliputra University, Patna, India
| | | | - Supriya Krishnan
- Department of Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, Patna University, Patna, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
- ICMR Computational Genomics Centre, Biomedical Informatics Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwon JE, Hong W, Jeon H, Kim CS, Kim H, Kang SC. Suppression of P2X4 and P2X7 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1: effects on hangover symptoms. AMB Express 2024; 14:30. [PMID: 38491208 PMCID: PMC10942966 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify substances including Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 (KACC 92054P) that alleviate hangover-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The association between emotional anxiety caused by hangover and the genes P2X4, P2X7, SLC6A4 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted to assess the influence of free-panica on alcohol-induced upregulated gene expression. Additionally, the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood was measured. Free-panica, consisting of five natural products (Phyllanthus amarus, Phoenix dactylifera, Vitis vinifera, Zingiber officinale, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus), were evaluated for their regulatory effects on genes involved in alcohol-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The combination of these natural products in free-panica successfully restored emotional anxiety, and the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood to those of the normal control group. These findings support the potential development of free-panica as a health functional food or medicinal intervention for relieving hangover symptoms and protecting liver from alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Hong
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Mbiometherapeutics Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Soon Kim
- Genencell Co., Ltd. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Nna VU, Mohamed M. The promising roles of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds on hepatic lipid metabolism in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models: molecular targets. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1262-1278. [PMID: 34153200 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1939387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism can lead to an abnormal triglycerides deposition in the hepatocytes which can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Four main mechanisms responsible for regulating hepatic lipid metabolism are fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Controlling the expression of transcription factors at molecular level plays a crucial role in NAFLD management. This paper reviews various medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds emphasising mechanisms involved in hepatic lipid metabolism, other important NAFLD pathological features, and their promising roles in managing NAFLD through regulating key transcription factors. Although there are many medicinal plants popularly investigated for NAFLD treatment, there is still little information and scientific evidence available and there has been no research on clinical trials scrutinised on this matter. This review also aims to provide molecular information of medicinal plants in NALFD treatment that might have potentials for future scientifically controlled studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oluwamodupe C, Adeleye AO. Targeting Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) in the Management of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:285-294. [PMID: 37587250 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The ancient use of herbs for the treatment of various human diseases have been documented, with several scientific literatures supporting the use of medicinal plants. There is however a major concern about the phyto-constituents in the plants that performs the healing function and the mechanism by which it works for different ailments are still a research prospect. Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is no doubt becoming more frequent globally and this is due to poor approach in therapy, contrary effects linked with intensive control, inept strategies with old drugs, inadequate control of some risk factors and lack of knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to this malaise. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are predominantly secreted in the liver and adipose tissues and several researches have observed that elevation in serum levels of RBP4 often observed in obese experimental animals and human subjects causes CMD (obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, etc.). RBP4 has gained special attention in the last 20 years in the field of metabolism research. This review aims to show research interaction of some medicinal plants targeting RBP4 in treating CMD and to encourage researchers, who are interested in CMD drug design, to focus on medicinal plants that inhibit the secretion of serum RBP4 in the adipose tissue for therapeutic approach to CMD. It also aims to identify the major bioactive compounds of plants that serves as a better and cheaper drug candidate for CMD and also study the signaling pathway which the plant material uses to regulate the metabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Oluwamodupe
- Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Program), Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 353, Okitipupa, Nigeria.
| | - Adesola Oluwaseun Adeleye
- Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Program), Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 353, Okitipupa, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abu Hassan MR, Hj Md Said R, Zainuddin Z, Omar H, Md Ali SM, Aris SA, Chan HK. Effects of one-year supplementation with Phyllanthus niruri on fibrosis score and metabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16652. [PMID: 37313177 PMCID: PMC10258366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose and purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant global health concern with limited pharmacotherapy options. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized extract of Phyllanthus niruri in mild-to-moderate NAFLD. Materials and methods This was a 12-month randomized controlled trial, in which adults with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score >250 dB/m and a fibrosis score <10 kPa were randomly assigned to receive a standardized P. niruri extract at a dose of 3,000 mg daily (n = 112) or a placebo (n = 114). The primary outcomes were changes in CAP score and liver enzyme levels, while the secondary outcomes were changes in other metabolic parameters. The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results After 12 months, there was no significant difference in the change of CAP score between the intervention and control groups (-15.05 ± 36.76 dB/m vs. -14.74 ± 41.08 dB/m; p = 0.869). There was also no significant difference in the changes of liver enzyme levels between the two groups. However, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in fibrosis score, which was not observed in the control group (-0.64 ± 1.66 kPa versus 0.10 ± 1.61 kPa; p = 0.001). No major adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusion This study showed that P. niruri did not significantly reduce CAP score and liver enzyme levels in patients with mild-to-moderate NAFLD. However, a significant improvement in fibrosis score was observed. Further research is needed to determine its clinical benefits at different dosages for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rosaida Hj Md Said
- Medical Department, Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Taman Pandan Mewah, 68000, Ampang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zalwani Zainuddin
- Medical Department, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Haniza Omar
- Medical Department, Hospital Selayang, Jalan Lingkaran Tengah 2, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Maisarah Md Ali
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Aris
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, 05460, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oswal M, Varghese R, Zagade T, Dhatrak C, Sharma R, Kumar D. Dietary supplements and medicinal plants in urolithiasis: diet, prevention, and cure. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7148056. [PMID: 37130140 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithiasis has been a major health concern for centuries, primarily owing to the limited treatment options in the physician's armamentarium. However, various studies have underscored a lesser incidence of urolithiasis in cohorts predominantly consuming fruits and vegetables. This article aims to review various dietary plants, medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in the prevention and management of urolithiasis. METHODS To provide context and evidence, relevant publications were identified on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science-Direct using keywords such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal stones, phytochemicals and dietary plants. RESULTS Growing bodies of evidence suggest the incorporation of plant-based foods, medicinal and herbal supplements, and crude drugs containing phytochemicals into the staple diet of people. The anti-urolithiatic activity of these plant bioactives can be attributed to their antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and inhibitory effect on the crystallization, nucleation and crystal aggregation effects. These mechanisms would help alleviate the events and symptoms that aid in the development and progression of renal calculi. In addition, it will also avoid the exacerbation of secondary disorders like inflammation and injury, which can initiate a vicious circle in turn worsening the disease progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results presented in the review demonstrate the promising role of various dietary plants, medicinal and herbal supplements, and phytochemicals in preventing and managing the precipitation of uroliths. However, more conclusive and cogent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to substantiate their safety, efficacy and toxicity profiles in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Oswal
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Tanmay Zagade
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Chetan Dhatrak
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaurav I, Thakur A, Kumar G, Long Q, Zhang K, Sidu RK, Thakur S, Sarkar RK, Kumar A, Iyaswamy A, Yang Z. Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1306. [PMID: 37110891 PMCID: PMC10146377 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (-10.32 kcal/mol and -6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (-6.42 kcal/mol and -2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Clinical Research Division, Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Qin Long
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sidu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudha Thakur
- National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata 700090, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Relevance of Indian traditional tisanes in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:626-638. [PMID: 37181144 PMCID: PMC10172608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tisanes are a potential source of phytochemicals to reduce disease risk conditions and are used to protect from non-communicable diseases, globally. A few tisanes have gained more popularity than others depending on their chemical composition based on the geographical origin of the used herb. Several Indian tisanes have been claimed to have traits beneficial to people with or at a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Under the concept, the literature was reviewed and compiled into a document to highlight the chemical uniqueness of popular Indian traditional tisanes to be more informative and potent as per modern medicine to overcome type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods An extensive literature survey was conducted using computerized database search engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database) for herbs that have been described for hyperglycemia, and involved reaction mechanism, in-vivo studies as well as clinical efficacies published since 2001 onwards using certain keywords. Compiled survey data used to make this review and all findings on Indian traditional antidiabetic tisanes are tabulated here. Results Tisanes render oxidative stress, counter the damage by overexposure of free radicals to the body, affect enzymatic activities, enhance insulin secretion, etc. The active molecules of tisanes also act as anti-allergic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiviral, antimutagenicity, anti-carcinogenicity, antiaging effects, etc. WHO also has a strategy to capitalize on the use of herbals to keep populations healthy through effective and affordable alternative means with robust quality assurance and strict adherence to the product specification.
Collapse
|
9
|
Courric E, Brinvilier D, Couderc P, Ponce-Mora A, Méril-Mamert V, Sylvestre M, Pelage JH, Vaillant J, Rousteau A, Bejarano E, Cebrian-Torrejon G. Medicinal Plants and Plant-Based Remedies in Grande-Terre: An Ethnopharmacological Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:654. [PMID: 36771738 PMCID: PMC9919082 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The island of Grande-Terre is a French overseas region that belongs to the Guadeloupean archipelago, a biodiversity hotspot with unique flora. Herbal medicine is widely used in the island for therapeutical purposes; however, there is a significant knowledge gap in the records relating to medicinal plants and their associated uses. Ethnobotanical survey methodology using quantitative parameters (informant consensus factor, species use value, relative frequency of citation, frequency use of a treatment and plant for an ailment) provided insights into the traditional medicinal use of a given plant. Ninety-six different plant species distributed among 56 families were identified and 523 remedies were documented in the survey. After data filtering, 22 plants species were associated with 182 remedies. The most frequent plant families were Poaceae, Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Rubiaceae. Aerial parts of these plants were the most common parts of the plant used for the remedies and the most frequent mode of administration was oral ingestion. This study highlights a valuable traditional knowledge of folklore medicine and helps to document and preserve the association of a plant with-and its use frequency for-a given ailment. These findings might be the starting point for the identification of biologically active phytocompounds to fight common health debilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Courric
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - David Brinvilier
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Petra Couderc
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Alejandro Ponce-Mora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Vanessa Méril-Mamert
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Muriel Sylvestre
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Jeannie Hélène Pelage
- Départament de Medicine Générale, Faculté Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Jean Vaillant
- LAMIA, EA 4540, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Alain Rousteau
- UA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Cebrian-Torrejon
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, University of the French West Indies, Fouillole Campus, UFR SEN, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajamanickam G, SL M. Bio-guided isolation of anti-Alzheimer’s compounds from Phyllanthus niruri and role of niruriflavone in the reversal of aluminum chloride-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in an animal model. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Kalimuthu AK, Parasuraman P, Sivakumar P, Murugesan S, Arunachalam S, Pandian SRK, Ravishankar V, Ammunje DN, Sampath M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. In silico, in vitro screening of antioxidant and anticancer potentials of bioactive secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus (Curvularia sp.) from Phyllanthus niruri L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48908-48925. [PMID: 35201581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this research work is to discover novel and efficient phytochemical substances from endophytic fungus found in medicinal plants. Curvularia geniculata L. (C. geniculata L.), an endophytic fungus isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. (P. niruri L.), was tested against hepatoma cell lines (HepG2) in order to screen their antioxidant and anticancer potentials. The profiling of phytochemicals from the fungal extract was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and molecular docking was done for the identified compounds against one of the potential receptors predominantly present in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Among the phytochemicals found, 2-methyl-7-phenylindole had the highest binding affinity (- 8.8 kcal mol-1) for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The stability of 2-methyl-7-phenylindole in the EGFR-binding pockets was tested using in silico molecular dynamics simulation. The fungal extract showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of fungal extract demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells after 24 h, and the IC50 (50% cell death) value was estimated to be 62.23 μg mL-1. Typical morphological changes such as condensation of nuclei and deformed membrane structures are indicative of ongoing apoptosis. The mitochondria of HepG2 cells were also targeted by the endophytic fungal extract, which resulted in substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential integrity. These outcomes suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of C. geniculata L. has the potential to be an antioxidant agent and further to be exploited in developing potential anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavadai Parasuraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Pandian Sivakumar
- School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Damodar Nayak Ammunje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukumar Sampath
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Mesra, Jharkhand, India
| | - Theivendran Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengodu, 637205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li MT, Liu LL, Zhou Q, Huang LX, Shi YX, Hou JB, Lu HT, Yu B, Chen W, Guo ZY. Phyllanthus Niruri L. Exerts Protective Effects Against the Calcium Oxalate-Induced Renal Injury via Ellgic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891788. [PMID: 36034880 PMCID: PMC9400657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urolithiasis or kidney stones is a common and frequently occurring renal disease; calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are responsible for 80% of urolithiasis cases. Phyllanthus niruri L. (PN) has been used to treat urolithiasis. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects and molecular mechanism of PN on calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.Methods: Microarray data sets were generated from the calcium oxalate-induced renal injury model of HK-2 cells and potential disease-related targets were identified. Network pharmacology was employed to identify drug-related targets of PN and construct the active ingredient-target network. Finally, the putative therapeutic targets and active ingredients of PN were verified in vitro and in vivo.Results: A total of 20 active ingredients in PN, 2,428 drug-related targets, and 127 disease-related targets were identified. According to network pharmacology analysis, HMGCS1, SQLE, and SCD were identified as predicted therapeutic target and ellagic acid (EA) was identified as the active ingredient by molecular docking analysis. The increased expression of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 due to calcium oxalate-induced renal injury in HK-2 cells was found to be significantly inhibited by EA. Immunohistochemical in mice also showed that the levels of SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 were remarkably restored after EA treatment.Conclusion: EA is the active ingredient in PN responsible for its protective effects against CaOx-induced renal injury. SQLE, SCD, and HMGCS1 are putative therapeutic targets of EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ting Li
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Xi Huang
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shi
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Bin Hou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lu
- Department of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Zhi-Yong Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
FTIR-ATR based fingerprinting and chemometrics analysis of metabolites profile of Phyllanthus niruri L. affected by fertilization with NPK-chitosan nanopolymer and harvesting age. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Phyllanthus niruri L. (PnL) is a herbaceous plant containing flavonoid quercetin and can be used as an immunomodulator to prevent Covid-19. However, the flavonoid content and yield of herbs extract were not maximized. Therefore, PnL herbs were planted in various harvest periods and application of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer to estimate these parameters.
Objectives: Determine the effect of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer and harvesting age on herb extracts also determine the grouping pattern and correlation between responses based on FTIR-ATR spectral pattern using a chemometric approach.
Methods: Each group consisted of 50 plants. The formulation of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer based on the dose of NPK consisting of the first dose is 15.5 grams/group, the second dose is 31 grams/group, and the third dose is 7.5 grams/group. Grouping of differences in harvesting age for plants consisted of 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the plant (WAP). Extraction used ultrasound-assisted extraction, and data were analyzed using a chemometric approach.
Results: Extract with the highest yield was found in second harvest time and third doses of fertilizer (W2D3) which is 9.73 %, and the highest TFC obtained in an extract with second harvest time and first doses of fertilizer (W2D1) is 17.34 mg QE/g. Total flavonoid content and extract yield were influenced by functional groups at wavenumbers 3486.77–3157.12 cm−1 (1); 1740.96–1670.34 cm-1 (3); 1425.02–1272.62 cm-1 (5); 1257,753–1138,81 cm−1 (6); 1131.38–945.53 cm-1 (7); 711.36–529.23 cm-1 (8).
Conclusions: The results showed that harvest time and fertilizer dose affected the growth parameters of PnL, total flavonoid content, and yield of extract. Functional groups in IR spectra also have positive and negative correlations with total flavonoid and yield extract responses.
Collapse
|
14
|
Antunes C, Arbo MD, Konrath EL. Hepatoprotective Native Plants Documented in Brazilian Traditional Medicine Literature: Current Knowledge and Prospects. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100933. [PMID: 35421282 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The native flora of Brazil covers a large biodiversity of plants, some of which have important pharmacological properties. Ethnobotanical studies have established that the folk use of plants for hepatobiliary disorders is very common in Brazil. This review aimed to compile, describe and discuss the main native Brazilian medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents listed on 25 books by authors from various regions in the country. Based on the 153 species found, a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies is presented, including Piper umbellatum, Echinodorus macrophyllus, Fevillea trilobata and Achyrocline satureioides. Some medicinal plants share both a large number of citations and scientific evidence to corroborate their hepatoprotective effects, including Solanum paniculatum, Baccharis crispa and Phyllanthus niruri, which could be of interest to develop new phytomedicines. Additionally, some active ingredients are indicated as being responsible for the liver protective effects described, particularly phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumestans and lignans).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Antunes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Tade MO, Ali HA. Thermodynamics and kinetic studies for the microwave-enhanced extraction of phenolics from Phyllanthus niruri leaves. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2056455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Ruth Alara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nour Hamid Abdurahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Moses Oludayo Tade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kujawska M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. The use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan migrants in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, is based on Guaraní tradition, colonial and current plant knowledge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114702. [PMID: 34627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Enhancement in differentially observed functional bioactivities in Phyllanthus niruri plant parts upon radiation hygeinization. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Orlandi P, Solini A, Banchi M, Brunetto MR, Cioni D, Ghiadoni L, Bocci G. Antiangiogenic Drugs in NASH: Evidence of a Possible New Therapeutic Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100995. [PMID: 34681219 PMCID: PMC8539163 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder worldwide, and its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a growing cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lifestyle changes, which are capable of improving the prognosis, are hard to achieve, whereas a pharmacologic therapy able to combine efficacy and safety is still lacking. Looking at the pathophysiology of various liver diseases, such as NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, the process of angiogenesis is a key mechanism influencing the disease progression. The relationship between the worsening of chronic liver disease and angiogenesis may suggest a possible use of drugs with antiangiogenic activity as a tool to stop or slow the progression of the disorder. In this review, we highlight the available preclinical data supporting a role of known antiangiogenic drugs (e.g., sorafenib), or phytotherapeutic compounds with multiple mechanism of actions, including also antiangiogenic activities (e.g., berberine), in the treatment of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.O.); (M.B.); (M.R.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna Solini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Marta Banchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.O.); (M.B.); (M.R.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.O.); (M.B.); (M.R.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Dania Cioni
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Ghiadoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.O.); (M.B.); (M.R.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Guido Bocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.O.); (M.B.); (M.R.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0502218756
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh P, Chauhan SS, Pandit S, Sinha M, Gupta S, Gupta A, Parthasarathi R. The dual role of phytochemicals on SARS-CoV-2 inhibition by targeting host and viral proteins. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:90-99. [PMID: 34513611 PMCID: PMC8424525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome-2019 has affected more than 190 million people around the world and caused severe crises throughout the globe. Due to rapid mutation in the viral genome, its became important to simultaneously improvise the host immunity while targeting viral proteins to reduce the severity of infection. Aim The current computational work focuses on multi-level rigorous screening of 47 medicinal plant-based phytochemicals for discovering effective phytochemical inhibitors against the host and viral targets. Experimental procedure A total of 586 phytochemicals were analyzed in detail based on their drug-likeness, pharmacological properties, and structure-based activity against the viral proteins (Spike glycoprotein, Papain-like protease, and Main protease) and host proteins (ACE2, Importin-subunit α-5, and β-1). Phytochemicals showing higher binding affinity with the dual capacity to target both the categories of proteins were further analyzed by profiling of their chemical reactivity using Density-Functional Theory (DFT) based quantum chemical methods. Finally, detailed molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the interactions of the complexes. Results and conclusion The results revealed that the selected phytochemicals from Andrographis paniculata, Aconitum heterophyllum, Costus speciosus and Inula racemosa may have the capacity to act with prominent affinity towards the host and viral proteins. Therefore, the combination of active phytochemicals of these plants may prove to be more beneficial and can be used for developing the potential phytotherapeutic intervention. COVID-19 caused severe crisis throughout the globe. Current drug discovery efforts are targeting SARS-CoV-2 viral and host proteins using repurposed drugs. Screening of 586 phytochemicals from 47 medicinal plants against both the host as well as viral targets. Phytochemicals probably acts by inhibiting specific targets, thus help in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakrity Singh
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Singh Chauhan
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shraddha Pandit
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meetali Sinha
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shristee Gupta
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshika Gupta
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phytotherapy as Multi-Hit Therapy to Confront the Multiple Pathophysiology in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Experimental Interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080822. [PMID: 34441028 PMCID: PMC8400978 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a metabolic condition distinguished by fat deposition in the hepatocytes. It has a prevalence of about 25% worldwide and is associated with other conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, etc. Background and Objectives: There is currently no approved drug therapy for NAFLD. Current measures in the management of NAFLD include lifestyle modification such as an increase in physical activity or weight loss. Development of NAFLD involves a number of parallel hits: including genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, disordered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, etc. Herbal therapy may have a role to play in the treatment of NAFLD, due to their numerous bioactive constituents and the multiple pharmacological actions they exhibit. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate the potential multi-targeting effects of plant-derived extracts in experimental models of NAFLD. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic search on databases and web search engines from the earliest available date to 30 April 2021, using relevant keywords. The study included articles published in English, assessing the effects of plant-derived extracts, fractions, or polyherbal mixtures in the treatment of NAFLD in animal models. These include their effects on at least disordered lipid metabolism, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and histologically confirmed steatosis with one or more of the following: oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, obesity, fibrosis, and cardiometabolic risks factors. Results: Nine articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and the results demonstrated the ability of phytomedicines to simultaneously exert therapeutic actions on multiple targets related to NAFLD. Conclusions: These findings suggest that herbal extracts have the potential for effective treatment or management of NAFLD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Outcome of UV-B exposure and induction of some chlorophyll phenodeviants in two important hepatoprotective ethnomedicinal wild plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 34:700-708. [PMID: 34149208 PMCID: PMC8204301 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-021-00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Present piece of work has been performed with an aim to engender genetic variations in Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Nees and Phyllanthus niruri L. since both plants own low or very poor genetic variations due to wild nature. A. paniculata and P. niruri both are magnificent hepatoprotective wild medicinal plants which have been used since ancient times as an ethnomedicine to cure several common and chronic ailments with the high competence and less side effects. UV-B radiations induce mutations because they are absorbed by major biomolecule predominantly by proteins and nucleic acids chiefly DNA. Owing to enormous potential as herbal medicines, both plants i.e. Andrographis and Phyllanthus have been selected for mutation breeding experiments using Ultraviolet-B radiations (UV-B) as a mutagen. When germinating seedlings of A. paniculata and P. niruri were reached up to 1-3 cm, they were treated with UV-B radiations for 0 min, 10 min, 20 min and 30 min with a recovery period of one hour at room temperature and were planted in earthen pots in triplicates. During observations, significant variations in growth and pigment content have been observed in both plants (A. paniculata and P. niruri) in a dose based manner. A wide spectrum of chlorophyll phenodeviants (chlorophyll deficient mutants) in M2 generation such as xantha, xanthoviridis, alboviridis, virscent and chlorina mutants in A. paniculata and variegated plant, xanthoviridis, xantha and albino mutants in P. niruri have also been observed. Out of all the chlorophyll mutants obtained, few were lethal hence not survived later, while rest were survived till different stages of development. On the basis of occurrence of chlorophyll phenodeviants in Andrographis and Phyllanthus, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of different doses of UV-B rays have been indexed. The practice of indexing of effectiveness and efficiency of any mutagen is being used for the successful execution of mutation breeding programs to find the optimum dose that may facilitate induction of a multitude of other lucrative mutations.
Collapse
|
23
|
Aliyu K, Mohammed Y, Abdullahi IN, Umar AA, Bashir F, Sani MN, Kabuga AI, Adamu AMY, Akande AO. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:31-37. [PMID: 34195058 PMCID: PMC8213120 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_78_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium species to most antimalarial drugs has led to a more vigorous and concerted research on traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. Objective of Study: The study was aimed to investigate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The plant was extracted using two solvents, water and ethanol, where a high yield was obtained from the aqueous extracts (11.9%) as compared to the ethanolic extract (9.64%). The extracts were evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml, and the level of potency in each case was expressed as the concentration of the extract that exhibited a 50% reduction of the parasites relative to control (100%) parasitemia. Artemether-lumefantrine was used as a positive standard in the assay. Results: All extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite growth relative to control (P ≤ 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited a higher antiplasmodial activity of 76.8%, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.80 μg/ml, and aqueous extract had an activity of 75.3%, IC50 of 7.94 μg/ml. Both extracts exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity. Oral acute toxicity test in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg showed no sign of toxicity on albino mice after 48 h. Conclusion: Although there was an increase in appetite after 24 and 48 h, the findings from this study show that P. amarus possesses a promising antimalarial activity which can be exploited for malaria therapy and justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karimatu Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, College of Medical Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Amina Abdullahi Umar
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mujahid Nura Sani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Auwal Idris Kabuga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Al-Mukhtar Yahuza Adamu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Oyebanji Akande
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
da Costa Alves M, Pereira DE, de Cássia de Araújo Bidô R, Rufino Freitas JC, Fernandes Dos Santos CP, Barbosa Soares JK. Effects of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri Linn during pregnancy and lactation on neurobehavioral parameters of rats' offspring. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113862. [PMID: 33484906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus niruri L. (Phyllanthaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine, mainly to treat kidney stones. However, the effects of maternal exposure to P. niruri remain poorly explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of aqueous extract of P. niruri (AEPN) during pregnancy and lactation, in maternal toxicity, reflex maturation, and offspring memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): Control (vehicle), AEPN 75, and AEPN 150 (each respectively treated with P. niruri at a dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg/day). The animals were treated via intragastric gavage during pregnancy and lactation. Weight gain, feed intake, and reproductive performance were analyzed in the mothers. In the offspring, the following tests were performed: Neonatal Reflex Ontogeny, Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test in adulthood. RESULTS Maternal exposure to AEPN did not influence weight gain, feed intake, or reproductive parameters. In the offspring, anticipation of reflex ontogenesis (time of completion) was observed (p < 0.05). During adulthood, the AEPN groups presented decreases in exploratory activity upon their second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test (in a dose-dependent manner) (p < 0.05). In the Object Recognition Test, administration of the extract at 75 and 150 mg/kg induced significant dose-dependent improvements in short and long-term memory (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Administration of the AEPN accelerated the reflex maturation in neonates, and improved offspring memory while inducing no maternal or neonatal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciel da Costa Alves
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil.
| | - Diego Elias Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, University City, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia de Araújo Bidô
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, University City, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, University City, 50740-540, Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sítio Olho d'água da Bica, 58175-000, Cuité, Paraíba State, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, University City, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Souza P, Mariano LNB, Cechinel-Zanchett CC, Cechinel-Filho V. Promising Medicinal Plants with Diuretic Potential Used in Brazil: State of the Art, Challenges, and Prospects. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:24-37. [PMID: 32957146 DOI: 10.1055/a-1257-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. The knowledge of them is handed down from generation to generation and is described in several pharmacopoeia and in the general literature. The immense biodiversity of the Brazilian flora, covering about 25% of all plant species worldwide, makes Brazil a huge potential source of medicinal plants. Indeed, many of these plant species are already used in the Brazilian ethnopharmacology for their probable effect to induce diuresis, to reduce fluid retention, and to treat cardiovascular and renal disorders. This review article describes and discusses the main native Brazilian medicinal plants (including some of their isolated compounds) used as diuretics. It also gives a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies presented to date, as well as addressing a special topic with future prospects for plant species that have not yet been scientifically studied. In brief, several plants can be indicated for more detailed study, with a view to obtain scientific subsidies for a new and effective diuretic medicine in the future. These include Bauhinia forficata, Leandra dasytricha, and Tropaeolum majus. Other species have reputed medicinal properties but lack experimental assays to demonstrate their pharmacological effects (e.g., Mikania hirsutissima, Phyllanthus niruri, and Tagetes minuta). Several active principles are indicated as responsible for the diuretic effects of the plants studied, with emphasis on phenolic compounds as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and xanthones. These results should encourage more detailed preclinical, clinical, and phytochemical investigations on Brazilian plants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emiliani E, Jara A, Kanashiro AK. Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:22-30. [PMID: 32990535 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200929115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stones are one of the longest known and most common diseases in the urinary tract, with a prevalence that ranges from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapeutic and herbal medicines have been described for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of publications on various phytotherapeutic and herbal medicines, including both clinical and animal studies. RESULTS Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence of calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence relates to Phyllanthus niruri, one of the most studied phytotherapeutics; findings suggest that it interferes with calcium oxalate crystallization, reduces hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria, and increases the efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy due to reduced crystallization, without significant adverse effects. Theobromine has been shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. CONCLUSION Many phytotherapeutic and herbal agents have been studied for the treatment of urolithiasis, most of them only in a small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effects of these agents on kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Emiliani
- Department of Urology, Fundación puigvert. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Jara
- Department of urology, Clinica Urologica Rubinstein. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andres Koey Kanashiro
- Department of Urology, Fundación puigvert. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sheel R, Kumari P, Panda PK, Jawed Ansari MD, Patel P, Singh S, Kumari B, Sarkar B, Mallick MA, Verma SK. Molecular intrinsic proximal interaction infer oxidative stress and apoptosis modulated in vivo biocompatibility of P.niruri contrived antibacterial iron oxide nanoparticles with zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115482. [PMID: 32889517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of magnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles (IONP) has raised concerns about their biocompatibility. It has also stimulated the search for its green synthesis with greater biocompatibility. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the molecular nanotoxicity of IONP with embryonic and adult zebrafish, and reveal novel green fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles (P-IONP) using medicinal plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri. The synthesized P-IONP was having a size of 42 ± 08 nm and a zeta potential of -38 ± 06 mV with hydrodynamic diameter of 109 ± 09 nm and 90emu/g magnetic saturation value. High antibacterial efficacy of P-IONP was found against E.coli. Comparative in vivo biocompatibility assessment with zebrafish confirmed higher biocompatibility of P-IONP compared to commercial C-IONP in the relevance of mortality rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological abnormalities. LC50 of P-IONP and C-IONP was 202 μg/ml and 126 μg/ml, respectively. Molecular nano-biocompatibility analysis revealed the phenomenon as an effect of induced apoptosis lead by dysregulation of induced oxidative stress due to structural and functional influence of IONP to Sod1 and Tp53 proteins through intrinsic atomic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Sheel
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India; University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Materials Theory), Uppsala University, 75121, Sweden
| | - Md Danish Jawed Ansari
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sonal Singh
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India
| | - Baby Kumari
- University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB), IINRG Campus, Namkum Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - M Anwar Mallick
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India; University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Paula VG, Cruz LL, Sene LB, Gratão TB, Soares TS, Moraes-Souza RQ, Damasceno DC, Volpato GT. Maternal-fetal repercussions of Phyllanthus niruri L. treatment during rat pregnancy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112728. [PMID: 32145330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus niruri is a well-known plant for its therapeutic purposes to treat various diseases, being widely used by the population, mainly by women. However, there is no scientific confirmation of the effects of use during pregnancy. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluating the effect of Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on the maternal toxicity, reproductive outcomes and fetal anomaly incidence in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant rats were distributed into four experimental groups: Control = treated with water (vehicle); Treated 150 = treated with P. niruri at dose 150 mg/kg and; Treated 300 = treated with P. niruri at dose 300 mg/kg; and Treated 600 = treated with P. niruri at dose 600 mg/kg. The rats were treated by intragastric route (gavage) with P. niruri or vehicle (water) from gestational day 0 to 21. At day 21 of pregnancy, maternal reproductive outcomes, biochemical profile and maternal renal tissue were evaluated. The fetuses and placentas were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with P. niruri did not alter the reproductive performance outcomes of rats. However, treated 600 group presented with changes in maternal kidney weight and morphology. The plant did not present teratogenic effect, but caused fetal macrosomia and increased ossification sites. CONCLUSION Treatment with aqueous extract of P. niruri administered during gestation did not cause reproductive toxicity, but led to changes in maternal kidneys and in offspring weight, showing that the leaf extract of this plant can produce detrimental effects during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes Cruz
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barros Sene
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thamires Ballarini Gratão
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Thaigra Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bello I, Usman NS, Dewa A, Abubakar K, Aminu N, Asmawi MZ, Mahmud R. Blood pressure lowering effect and vascular activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract: The role of NO/cGMP signaling pathway and β-adrenoceptor mediated relaxation of isolated aortic rings. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112461. [PMID: 31830549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus niruri have a long history of use in the traditional treatment of various ailments including hypertension. Literature reports have indicated that it is a potent antihypertensive herbal medication used traditionally. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity of four solvents extracts of P. niruri namely; petroleum ether (PEPN), chloroform (CLPN), methanol (MEPN) and water (WEPN), with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action and identifying the phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) were given oral gavage of P. niruri extract daily for two weeks and the blood pressure was recorded in vivo. We also determine the vasodilation effect of the extracts on rings of isolated thoracic aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM). Endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded aorta rings were pre-incubated with various antagonists like 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 μM) and Methylene blue (MB 10 μM), sGC inhibitors; Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 10 μM) a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor; atropine (10 μM), a cholinergic receptor blocker; indomethacin (10 μM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and various K+ channel blockers such as glibenclamide (10 μM) and tetraethyl ammonium (TEA 10 μM) for mechanism study. RESULTS SHRs receiving P. niruri extracts showed a significant decrease in their blood pressure (BP) when compared to the baseline value, with PEPN being more potent. The extracts (0.125-4 mg/mL) also induced vasorelaxation on endothelium-intact aorta rings. PEPN elicited the most potent maximum relaxation effect (Rmax). Mechanism assessment of PEPN showed that its relaxation effect is significantly suppressed in endothelium-denuded aorta rings. Pre-incubation of aorta rings with atropine, L-NAME, ODQ, indomethacin, and propranolol also significantly attenuated its relaxation effect. Conversely, incubation with TEA and glibenclamide did not show a significant effect on PEPN-induced relaxation. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the antihypertensive activity of P. niruri extract is mediated by vasoactive phytoconstituents that dilate the arterial wall via endothelium-dependent pathways and β-adrenoceptor activity which, in turn, cause vasorelaxation and reduce blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Bello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Nasiba Salisu Usman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aidiahmad Dewa
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kabiru Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Nafiu Aminu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Roziahanim Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Preparation of Lignan-Rich Extract from the Aerial Parts of Phyllanthus niruri Using Nonconventional Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051179. [PMID: 32151037 PMCID: PMC7179407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthin and related lignans were found to be responsible, at least in part, for most of the activity of Phyllanthus species. This observation encouraged the authors to develop methods for the preparation of an extract rich in phyllanthin and related lignans from the aerial parts of P. niruri L. Direct extraction with solvents produced extracts with variable yields and contents of lignans. Lignans were identified by LC-ESI-MS analysis as phyllanthin (used as marker substance), hypophyllanthin, phylltetralin, nirtetralin, and niranthin. Extraction with boiling water produced 18.10 g% (w/w) extract with a trace amount of lignans (phyllanthin content of 0.33 ± 0.10 mg/g extract), while extraction with MeOH gave 3.6 g% w/w extract with a low phyllanthin content (3.1 mg/g extract), as determined by HPLC. However, Soxhlet extraction with hexane, CH2Cl2, or acetone gave extracts with low yields (0.82, 1.12, and 3.40 g% w/w, respectively) and a higher phyllanthin contents (36.2 ± 2.6, 11.7 ± 1.68, and 11.7 ± 1.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Extraction quality and efficiency were optimized by adopting the following three different approaches: (1) Alkaline digestion of the plant material with 30% potassium hydroxide yielded 3.1 g% w/w of purified extract with high phyllanthin content (22.34 ± 0.13 mg/g); (2) microwave-assisted extraction using 80% MeOH gave an extract with a better yield (8.13 g% w/w) and phyllanthin content (21.2 ± 1.30 mg/g) (after filtration through a Diaion HP-20 column); and (3) treatment of the ground plant material at 50 °C with two hydrolytic enzymes, cellulase (9 U/g for 12 h) and then, protease (4 U/g up to 72 h) optimized the yield of extract (13.92 g% w/w) and phyllanthin content (25.9 mg/g extract and total lignans content of 85.87 mg/g extract). In conclusion, the nonconventional methods presented here are superior for optimizing the yield of extract and its lignan contents from the aerial parts of P. niruri.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hermanto FE, Soewondo A, Tsuboi H, Ibrahim M, Rifa'i M. The hepatoprotective effect of Cheral as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation on mice (Mus musculus) with breast cancer. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have reported that breast cancer may affect the physiology of other organs, including oxidative stress in the liver. On the other hand, some agents such as white turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) seem to maintain redox stability and immunomodulation. Both of them are combined into Cheral potion. This study was aimed to investigate the Cheral efficacy in modulating oxidative stress based on Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), HEME OXIGenase (HO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines under breast cancer condition in vivo. Methods: Nrf2, HO, and SOD from hepatocytes, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from splenocytes were measured by flow cytometry after 14 days of Cheral administration. Results: The results showed that mice model for breast cancer underwent oxidative stress denoted by high levels of HO, and SOD accompanied by increased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the cancer group compared to normal healthy group (P<0.05). In contrast, Cheral treatment was able to modulate redox balance by declining levels of HO, SOD, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, but not Nrf2, compared to cancer group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that breast cancer could alter the host’s physiology, including liver oxidative stress. The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ might contribute to regulation of redox balance in the liver. However, Cheral has potency as an alternative therapeutic agent to reduce oxidative stress in the liver under breast cancer condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feri Eko Hermanto
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aris Soewondo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hideo Tsuboi
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mansur Ibrahim
- Pancasakti University, Makasar 90132, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
- Biosystem Study Center, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ezzat MI, Okba MM, Ahmed SH, El-Banna HA, Prince A, Mohamed SO, Ezzat SM. In-depth hepatoprotective mechanistic study of Phyllanthus niruri: In vitro and in vivo studies and its chemical characterization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226185. [PMID: 31940365 PMCID: PMC6961881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri L. is a widespread tropical plant which is used in Ayurvedic system for liver and kidney ailments. The present study aims at specifying the most active hepatoprotective extract of P. niruri and applying a bio-guided protocol to identify the active compounds responsible for this effect. P. niruri aerial parts were extracted separately with water, 50%, 70% and 80% ethanol. The cytoprotective activity of the extracts was evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in clone-9 and Hepg2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous extract (AE) was accomplished for the isolation of the active compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The in vivo hepatoprotective activity of AE was evaluated in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at different doses after determination of its LD50. Pretreatment of clone-9 and Hepg2 with different concentrations of AE (1, 0.1, 0.01 mg/ml) had significantly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) against CCl4 injures, and restored the activity of the natural antioxidants; glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) towards normalization. Fractionation of AE gave four fractions (I-IV). Fractions I, II, and IV showed a significant in vitro hepatoprotective activity. Purification of I, II and IV yielded seven compounds; corilagin C1, isocorilagin C2, brevifolin C3, quercetin C4, kaempferol rhamnoside C5, gallic acid C6, and brevifolin carboxylic acid C7. Compounds C1, C2, C5, and C7 showed the highest (p< 0.001) hepatoprotective potency, while C3, C4, and C6 exhibited a moderate (p< 0.001) activity. The AE exhibited strong antioxidant DPPH (IC50 11.6 ± 2 μg/ml) and FRAP (79.352 ± 2.88 mM Ferrous equivalents) activity. In vivo administration of AE in rats (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused normalization of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycyrides (TG), total bilirubin (TB), glucose, total proteins (TP), urea and creatinine levels which were elevated by CCl4. AE also decreased TNF-α, NF-KB, IL-6, IL-8, IL10 and COX-2 expression, and significantly antagonizes the effect of CCl4 on the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSP). The histopathological study also supported the hepatoprotective effect of AE. P. niruri isolates exhibited a potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in clone-9 and Hepg2 cell lines through reduction of lipid peroxidation and maintaining glutathione in its reduced form. This is attributable to their phenolic nature and hence antioxidative potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mona M. Okba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif H. Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossny A. El-Banna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelbary Prince
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mohd Jusoh NH, Subki A, Yeap SK, Yap KC, Jaganath IB. Pressurized hot water extraction of hydrosable tannins from Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. BMC Chem 2019; 13:134. [PMID: 31891160 PMCID: PMC6925506 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Safety, environmental and economic setbacks are driving industries to find greener approaches to extract bioactive compounds from natural resources. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is among the solvent free and efficient methods for extracting bioactive compounds. Experimental In this study, the suitability of PHWE for extracting bioactive compounds such as phenolics, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids from Phyllanthus tenellus was investigated by UPLC-qTOF-MS. Results Solvent properties of water are significantly increased through imposing temperature at 121 °C and pressure at 15 p.s.i. Pressurized hot water extraction obtained 991-folds higher hydrolysable tannins than methanol extraction. Conclusion The extraction yields of hydrolysable tannins with PHWE was almost double of absolute methanol extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hidayah Mohd Jusoh
- 1Metabolomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Subki
- 1Metabolomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- 2China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ken Choy Yap
- Advanced Chemistry Solutions, Damansara Perdana, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Indu Bala Jaganath
- 1Metabolomics Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Alagan A, Haque MA. Modulation of cell signaling pathways by Phyllanthus amarus and its major constituents: potential role in the prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1-18. [PMID: 31792765 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The causal and functional connection between inflammation and cancer has become a subject of much research interest. Modulation of cell signaling pathways, such as those involving mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and Wnt, and their outcomes play a fundamental role in inflammation and cancer. Activation of these cell signaling pathways can lead to various aspects of cancer-related inflammation. Hence, compounds able to modulate inflammation-related molecular targets are sought after in anticancer drug development programs. In recent years, plant extracts and their metabolites have been documented with potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer and inflammatory ailments. Plants possessing anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties due to their bioactive constituents have been reported to modulate the molecular and cellular pathways which are related to inflammation and cancer. In this review we focus on the flavonoids (astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin), lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, and niranthin), tannins (corilagin, geraniin, ellagic acid, gallic acid), and triterpenes (lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid) of Phyllanthus amarus, which exert various anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities via perturbation of the NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt signaling networks. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved may help future research to develop drug candidates for prevention and new treatment for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akilandeshwari Alagan
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jantan I, Haque MA, Ilangkovan M, Arshad L. An Insight Into the Modulatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Phyllanthus Species and Their Bioactive Metabolites on the Immune System. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:878. [PMID: 31440162 PMCID: PMC6693410 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus species (family; Euphorbiaceae) have been intensively studied for their immunomodulating effects due to their wide-ranging uses to treat immune-related diseases in indigenous medicine, which are primarily lack of scientific basis. The focuses of this review are on the significance of Phyllanthus species and their bioactive metabolites particularly corilagin (1), geraniin (2), gallic acid (3), phyllanthin (4), hypophyllanthin (5), ellagic acid (6), phyltetralin (7), niranthin (8), catechin (9), quercetin (10), astragalin (11), and chebulagic acid (12) in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems through various mechanisms and their possible therapeutic benefits for treatment of immune-related diseases. We have compiled all significant findings published in the literature, and the data were analyzed critically to provide perspectives and directions for future research for the plants as a prospective source of novel immunomodulating agents. Various Phyllanthus species particularly Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus niruri, and Phyllanthus urinaria have been documented to possess significant immunomodulatory effects. However, the possible challenges encountered by the application of extracts of various Phyllanthus species and their bioactive constituents as immunomodulators need to be addressed. Most reports on the biological and pharmacological studies of the plants were based on crude extracts. The extracts were not chemically characterized, and the contributions of their chemical constituents to the bioactivities were not identified. The underlying mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory effects of the Phyllanthus species were not indepthly studied due to limitations in terms of design, conduct, and interpretation. Extensive experimental and preclinical studies on the immunomodulating potential of Phyllanthus species should be carried out to provide sufficient data to prove that their traditional uses are inherently effective and safe and will allow clinical trials to be pursued for their further development as therapeutic agents to treat immune-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma R, Martins N, Kuca K, Chaudhary A, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Chyawanprash: A Traditional Indian Bioactive Health Supplement. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E161. [PMID: 31035513 PMCID: PMC6571565 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chyawanprash (CP) is an Ayurvedic health supplement which is made up of a super-concentrated blend of nutrient-rich herbs and minerals. It is meant to restore drained reserves of life force (ojas) and to preserve strength, stamina, and vitality, while stalling the course of aging. Chyawanprash is formulated by processing around 50 medicinal herbs and their extracts, including the prime ingredient, Amla (Indian gooseberry), which is the world's richest source of vitamin C. Chyawanprash preparation involves preparing a decoction of herbs, followed by dried extract preparation, subsequent mixture with honey, and addition of aromatic herb powders (namely clove, cardamom, and cinnamon) as standard. The finished product has a fruit jam-like consistency, and a sweet, sour, and spicy flavor. Scientific exploration of CP is warranted to understand its therapeutic efficacy. Scattered information exploring the therapeutic potential of CP is available, and there is a need to assemble it. Thus, an effort was made to compile the scattered information from ancient Ayurvedic texts and treatises, along with ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, and scientifically validated literature, that highlight the role of CP in therapeutics. Citations relevant to the topic were screened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 4-CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for research and Innovation in Heath (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashun Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala-133207, India.
| | - Atul Kabra
- Department of Pharmacology, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota, Rajasthan-324005, India.
| | - Meda M Rao
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 4-CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi- 110076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bakaruddin NH, Ab Majid AH. Efficacy of Several Plants Extracts on the Tunneling Activity and Survival of Subterranean Termites ( Coptotermes gestroi and Globitermes sulphureus). Trop Life Sci Res 2019; 30:33-56. [PMID: 30847032 PMCID: PMC6396888 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the tunneling activity and the behaviour of two subterranean termites, Globitermes sulphurues and Coptotermes gestroi treated with four plant extracts, namely Pyllanthus niruri, Azadirachta indica, Leucaena leucocephala and Andrographis paniculata. All plants were extracted with three different solvents (methanol, hexane and water) and were diluted into three concentrations (500, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm). A group of 50 workers and 2 soldiers were tested and observed daily during the exposure in order to determine their survivorship and behaviour. Both sections were scored to determine their tunneling activities after seven days. There was a significant difference of tunneling activities of C. gestroi on sand treated with plant extracts (X2(2) = 31.790, p < 0.0001) with a mean rank of 8.50 for methanolic extracts and 32.50 for both hexane and water extracts. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed on tunneling activity of G. sulphureus on treated sand (X2(2) = 2.200, p = 0.333) with a mean rank of 20.72 for methanolic extracts, 26.31 for water extracts and 26.47 for hexane extracts. Results showed that plants extracted with methanol demonstrated strong repellent properties with 0 tunneling activity on the treated sand and low survivorship of both termites. Moreover, both termites did not survive (0%) when they were treated with methanolic extracts at 10,000 ppm. They also displayed a different behaviour post-exposure such as avoidance, gradually losing the ability to walk and low feeding consumption. These results indicate that there is a strong termiticidal activity of plants extracted with methanol against C. gestroi and G. sulphureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hazwani Bakaruddin
- Household and Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- Household and Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Grauzdytė D, Pukalskas A, Viranaicken W, El Kalamouni C, Venskutonis PR. Protective effects of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius extracts against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207672. [PMID: 30444889 PMCID: PMC6239330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus phillyreifolius, a plant species indigenous to Reunion Island, is used in folk medicine for treating diarrhea and as a diuretic. In the present study acetone and hydroethanol extracts of P. phillyreifolius were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects using in vitro (TPC, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) and in cellulo (MTT, DCFH-DA, RT-qPCR) assays. Major compounds were evaluated using UPLC-QTOF-MS. MTT cell viability assay showed low cytotoxicity of extracts towards human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line. Both extracts were rich in polyphenols (mainly ellagitannins) and showed high antioxidant potential and intracellular ROS decreasing effect. Preconditioning of HEK293 cells with extracts influenced gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, however ROS level decreasing effect was more related to their capacity to scavenge free radicals and with their reducing power. Strong antioxidant activity of extracts as well as the presence of geraniin supports the use of P. phillyreifolius in traditional medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Grauzdytė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Pukalskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, France
- * E-mail: (PRV); (CEK)
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail: (PRV); (CEK)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nasrulloh R, Rafi M, Wahyuni WT, Shimma S, Heryanto R. HPLC fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin for identification and authentication of Phyllanthus niruri from related species. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
41
|
Zarzour RHA, Alshawsh MA, Asif M, Al-Mansoub MA, Mohamed Z, Ahmad M, Majid AMSA, Asmawi MZ, Kaur G, Al-Dualimi DW, Yam MF. Adipocytokine Regulation and Antiangiogenic Activity Underlie the Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Effects of Phyllanthus niruri against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1057. [PMID: 30096951 PMCID: PMC6115813 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of adipose tissues is considered angiogenesis-dependent during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have recently reported that our standardized 50% methanolic extract (ME) of Phyllanthus niruri (50% ME of P. niruri) has alleviated NAFLD in Sprague⁻Dawley rats. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of action, and to further evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of this extract. NAFLD was induced by eight weeks of high-fat diet, and treatment was applied for four weeks. Antiangiogenic activity was assessed by aortic ring assay and by in vitro tests. Our findings demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of 50% ME among NAFLD rats, were associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin, reduction in the serum levels of RBP4, vaspin, progranulin, TNF-α, IL-6, and significant downregulation of the hepatic gene expression of PPARγ, SLC10A2, and Collα1. Concomitantly, 50% ME of P. niruri has exhibited a potent antiangiogenic activity on ring assay, cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tube formation, without any cytotoxic effect. Together, our findings revealed that the protective effects of P. niruri against NAFLD might be attributed to its antiangiogenic effect, as well as to the regulation of adipocytokines and reducing the expression of adipogenic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Dhamraa Waleed Al-Dualimi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Pucci ND, Marchini GS, Mazzucchi E, Reis ST, Srougi M, Evazian D, Nahas WC. Effect of phyllanthus niruri on metabolic parameters of patients with kidney stone: a perspective for disease prevention. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:758-764. [PMID: 29617079 PMCID: PMC6092661 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri (P.niruri) or stone breaker is a plant commonly used to reduce stone risk, however, clinical studies on this issue are lacking. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effect of P. niruri on the urinary metabolic parameters of patients with urinary lithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 56 patients with kidney stones <10mm. Clinical, metabolic, and ultrasonography assessment was conducted before (baseline) the use of P. niruri infusion for 12-weeks (P. niruri) and after a 12-week (wash out) Statistical analysis included ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's/McNemar´s test for categorical variables. Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS Mean age was 44±9.2 and BMI was 27.2±4.4kg/m2. Thirty-six patients (64%) were women. There were no significant changes in all periods for anthropometric and several serum measurements, including total blood count, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, urine volume and pH; a significant increase in urinary potassium from 50.5±20.4 to 56.2±21.8 mg/24-hour (p=0.017); magnesium/creatinine ratio 58±22.5 to 69.1±28.6mg/ gCr24-hour (p=0.013) and potassium/creatinine ratio 39.3±15.1 to 51.3±34.7mg/gCr24- hour (p=0.008) from baseline to wash out. The kidney stones decreased from 3.2±2 to 2.0±2per patient (p<0.001). In hyperoxaluria patients, urinary oxalate reduced from 59.0±11.7 to 28.8±16.0mg/24-hour (p=0.0002), and in hyperuricosuria there was a decrease in urinary uric acid from 0.77±0.22 to 0.54±0.07mg/24-hour (p=0.0057). CONCLUSIONS P.niruri intake is safe and does not cause significant adverse effects on serum metabolic parameters. It increases urinary excretion of magnesium and potassium caused a significant decrease in urinary oxalate and uric acid in patients with hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria. The consumption of P.niruri contributed to the elimination of urinary calculi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidia D. Pucci
- Divisão de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina. São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Giovanni S. Marchini
- Divisão de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Mazzucchi
- Divisão de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sabrina T. Reis
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Divisão de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Denise Evazian
- Divisão de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina. São Paulo, Brasil
| | - William C. Nahas
- Divisão de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hidanah S, Sabdoningrum EK, Wahjuni RS, Chusniati S. Effects of meniran ( Phyllanthus niruri L.) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Vet World 2018; 11:834-839. [PMID: 30034178 PMCID: PMC6048077 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.834-839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Materials and Methods Thirty broiler chickens, 21 days old were divided into five treatment groups. P0 (-): Chickens without any treatment; P0 (+), P1, P2, and P3: Chickens were infected with M. gallisepticum 108 cells/ml/animal orally, then given no treatment, Meniran extract 60%, 62.5%, and 65% orally at a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight, respectively. The treatment of Meniran extract was given for 7 days. Results Leukocyte count with the lowest number showed in Group P0 (-) and Group P3 (p>0.05). Increased number of basophils was found in Group P0 (+), Group P1, and Group P2. The highest number of heterophils was found in Group P0 (+) and was significantly different from Group P0 to P3 (p<0.05). The same pattern was also seen in the number of lymphocytes in all treatment groups. The number of monocytes showed no significant difference between all treatment groups (p>0.05). Discussion Increased the number of leukocytes is often observed in inflammation due to general infections, trauma, or toxicity. Shifting in the number of heterophile or lymphocytes, an increase in the number of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils may also be associated with various infectious or inflammatory conditions. Heterophils play a role as an antibacterial defense through several effective mechanisms. When infections and inflammation occur, the heterophils will increase to phagocytosis microbe. Conclusion It can be concluded that Meniran extract (P. niruri L.) at a dose of 65% can decrease the total number of leukocytes in broilers infected with M. gallisepticum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Hidanah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115
| | | | - Retno Sri Wahjuni
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115
| | - Sri Chusniati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60115
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chung APYS, Gurtu S, Chakravarthi S, Moorthy M, Palanisamy UD. Geraniin Protects High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:17. [PMID: 29616223 PMCID: PMC5864930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniin, a hydrolysable polyphenol derived from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit rind, has been shown to possess significant antioxidant activity in vitro and recently been recognized for its therapeutic potential in metabolic syndrome. This study investigated its antioxidative strength and protective effects on organs in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rodents. Rats were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity, followed by 10 and 50 mg/kg of geraniin supplementation for 4 weeks to assess its protective potential. The control groups were maintained on standard rat chows and HFD for the same period. At the 10th week, oxidative status was assessed and the pancreas, liver, heart and aorta, kidney, and brain of the Sprague Dawley rats were harvested and subjected to pathological studies. HFD rats demonstrated changes in redox balance; increased protein carbonyl content, decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase with a reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms and total antioxidant capacity, indicating a higher oxidative stress (OS) index. In addition, HFD rats demonstrated significant diet-induced changes particularly in the pancreas. Four-week oral geraniin supplementation, restored the OS observed in the HFD rats. It was able to restore OS biomarkers, serum antioxidants, and the glutathione redox balance (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) to levels comparable with that of the control group, particularly at dosage of 50 mg geraniin. Geraniin was not toxic to the HFD rats but exhibited protection against glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity particularly in the pancreas of the obese rodents. It is suggested that geraniin has the pharmaceutical potential to be developed as a supplement to primary drugs in the treatment of obesity and its pathophysiological sequels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Panny Y S Chung
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Gurtu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohanambal Moorthy
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Uma D Palanisamy
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tung YT, Huang CZ, Lin JH, Yen GC. Effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit on methionine and choline-deficiency diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1245-1252. [PMID: 30249323 PMCID: PMC9298569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit contains abundant bioactive components and exhibits a variety of biological activities. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of water extract of P. emblica (WEPE) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were fed methionine and choline-deficiency diet (MCD diet) for 4 or 8 weeks to induce NASH. Results showed that administration of WEPE could significantly reduce serum AST and ALT as compared to MCD diet-alone group. Administration of WEPE could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and CYP2E1 mRNA expression, and elevate the antioxidant activities in mice livers. In addition, administration of WEPE after 8 weeks could significantly decrease the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice livers, but have less improving effect of hepatic steatosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Taken together, MCD diet might cause serious hepatic steatosis and mild inflammation in mice livers, but administration of WEPE could ameliorate the rapid progression of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ze Huang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Hong Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Navarro M, Moreira I, Arnaez E, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Alvarado D, Monagas MJ. Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6040050. [PMID: 29048336 PMCID: PMC5750626 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of aerial parts from Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd., species commonly used in Costa Rica as traditional medicines, was studied using UPLC-ESI-TQ-MS on enriched-phenolic extracts. Comparatively, higher values of total phenolic content (TPC), as measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, were observed for P. niruri extracts (328.8 gallic acid equivalents/g) than for S. reticulata (79.30 gallic acid equivalents/g) whereas P. alliaceae extract showed the lowest value (13.45 gallic acid equivalents/g). A total of 20 phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins were identified in the extracts, including hydroxybenzoic acids (benzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, prochatechuic, salicylic, syringic and vanillic acids); hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids); and flavan-3-ols monomers [(+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin)]. Regarding proanthocyanidin oligomers, five procyanidin dimers (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5) and one trimer (T2) are reported for the first time in P. niruri, as well as two propelargonidin dimers in S. reticulata. Additionally, P. niruri showed the highest antioxidant DPPH and ORAC values (IC50 of 6.4 μg/mL and 6.5 mmol TE/g respectively), followed by S. reticulata (IC50 of 72.9 μg/mL and 2.68 mmol TE/g respectively) and P. alliaceae extract (IC50 >1000 μg/mL and 1.32 mmol TE/g respectively). Finally, cytotoxicity and selectivity on gastric AGS and colon SW20 adenocarcinoma cell lines were evaluated and the best values were also found for P. niruri (SI = 2.8), followed by S. reticulata (SI = 2.5). Therefore, these results suggest that extracts containing higher proanthocyanidin content also show higher bioactivities. Significant positive correlation was found between TPC and ORAC (R2 = 0.996) as well as between phenolic content as measured by UPLC-DAD and ORAC (R2 = 0.990). These findings show evidence for the first time of the diversity of phenolic acids in P. alliaceae and S. reticulata, and the presence of proanthocyanidins as minor components in latter species. Of particular relevance is the occurrence of proanthocyanidin oligomers in phenolic extracts from P. niruri and their potential bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ileana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Elizabeth Arnaez
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Diego Alvarado
- Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Maria J Monagas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:519. [PMID: 28848436 PMCID: PMC5554347 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil D. Parvanov
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun UniversityNainital, India
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Al Zarzour RH, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Kaur G, Saeed MAA, Al-Mansoub MA, Saghir SAM, Usman NS, Al-Dulaimi DW, Yam MF. Phyllanthus Niruri Standardized Extract Alleviates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Decreases Atherosclerotic Risk in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:E766. [PMID: 28718838 PMCID: PMC5537880 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major global health issues, strongly correlated with insulin resistance, obesity and oxidative stress. The current study aimed to evaluate anti-NAFLD effects of three different extracts of Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri). NAFLD was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a special high-fat diet (HFD). A 50% methanolic extract (50% ME) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against NAFLD progression. It significantly reduced hepatomegaly (16%) and visceral fat weight (22%), decreased NAFLD score, prevented fibrosis, and reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) (48%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (65%), free fatty acids (FFAs) (25%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (45%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (38%), insulin concentration (67%), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (73%), serum atherogenic ratios TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (29%), LDL/HDL (66%) and (TC-HDL)/HDL (64%), hepatic content of cholesterol (43%), triglyceride (29%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (40%) compared to a non-treated HFD group. In vitro, 50% ME of P. niruri inhibited α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase enzymes and cholesterol micellization. It also had higher total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared to other extracts. Ellagic acid and phyllanthin were identified as major compounds. These results suggest that P. niruri could be further developed as a novel natural hepatoprotective agent against NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Ali Ahmed Saeed
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Nasiba Salisu Usman
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Dhamraa W Al-Dulaimi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|