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Boucher ML, Conley G, Morriss NJ, Ospina-Mora S, Qiu J, Mannix R, Meehan WP. Time-Dependent Long-Term Effect of Memantine following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38666723 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI, e.g., sports concussions) may be associated with both acute and chronic symptoms and neurological changes. Despite the common occurrence of these injuries, therapeutic strategies are limited. One potentially promising approach is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blockade to alleviate the effects of post-injury glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Initial pre-clinical work using the NMDAR antagonist, memantine, suggests that immediate treatment following rmTBI improves a variety of acute outcomes. It remains unclear (1) whether acute memantine treatment has long-term benefits and (2) whether delayed treatment following rmTBI is beneficial, which are both clinically relevant concerns. To test this, animals were subjected to rmTBI via a weight drop model with rotational acceleration (five hits in 5 days) and randomized to memantine treatment immediately, 3 months, or 6 months post-injury, with a treatment duration of one month. Behavioral outcomes were assessed at 1, 4, and 7 months post-injury. Neuropathological outcomes were characterized at 7 months post-injury. We observed chronic changes in behavior (anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, spatial learning, and memory), as well as neuroinflammation (microglia, astrocytes) and tau phosphorylation (T231). Memantine treatment, either immediately or 6 months post-injury, appears to confer greater rescue of neuroinflammatory changes (microglia) than vehicle or treatment at the 3-month time point. Although memantine is already being prescribed chronically to address persistent symptoms associated with rmTBI, this study represents the first evidence of which we are aware to suggest a small but durable effect of memantine treatment in mild, concussive injuries. This effect suggests that memantine, although potentially beneficial, is insufficient to treat all aspects of rmTBI alone and should be combined with other therapeutic agents in a multi-therapy approach, with attention given to the timing of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masen L Boucher
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Morriss
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Jianhua Qiu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Dávila G, Torres-Prioris MJ, López-Barroso D, Berthier ML. Turning the Spotlight to Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy of the Human Language System. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:599-637. [PMID: 37341896 PMCID: PMC10374790 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Even though language is essential in human communication, research on pharmacological therapies for language deficits in highly prevalent neurodegenerative and vascular brain diseases has received little attention. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that disruption of the cholinergic system may play an essential role in language deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment, including post-stroke aphasia. Therefore, current models of cognitive processing are beginning to appraise the implications of the brain modulator acetylcholine in human language functions. Future work should be directed further to analyze the interplay between the cholinergic system and language, focusing on identifying brain regions receiving cholinergic innervation susceptible to modulation with pharmacotherapy to improve affected language domains. The evaluation of language deficits in pharmacological cholinergic trials for Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment has thus far been limited to coarse-grained methods. More precise, fine-grained language testing is needed to refine patient selection for pharmacotherapy to detect subtle deficits in the initial phases of cognitive decline. Additionally, noninvasive biomarkers can help identify cholinergic depletion. However, despite the investigation of cholinergic treatment for language deficits in Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment, data on its effectiveness are insufficient and controversial. In the case of post-stroke aphasia, cholinergic agents are showing promise, particularly when combined with speech-language therapy to promote trained-dependent neural plasticity. Future research should explore the potential benefits of cholinergic pharmacotherapy in language deficits and investigate optimal strategies for combining these agents with other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Dávila
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Marqués de Beccaria 3, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres-Prioris
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Marqués de Beccaria 3, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Marqués de Beccaria 3, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Berthier
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Marqués de Beccaria 3, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain.
- Language Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
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Gollapalli P, Rao ASJ, Manjunatha H, Selvan GT, Shetty P, Kumari NS. Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Strategy to Decode Bioactive Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms from Zingiber officinale as Phyto-therapeutics against Neurological Diseases. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:e250822207996. [PMID: 36028974 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220825141356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive constituents from Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) have shown a positive effect on neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), which manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the binding ability and the pharmaco-therapeutic potential of Z. officinale with AD disease targets by molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation approaches. METHODS By coupling enormous available phytochemical data and advanced computational technologies, the possible molecular mechanism of action of these bioactive compounds was deciphered by evaluating phytochemicals, target fishing, and network biological analysis. RESULTS As a result, 175 bioactive compounds and 264 human target proteins were identified. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the basis of vital bioactive compounds and biomolecular mechanisms involved in the treatment of AD. Amongst selected bioactive compounds, 10- Gingerdione and 1-dehydro-[8]-gingerdione exhibited significant anti-neurological properties against AD targeting amyloid precursor protein with docking energy of -6.0 and -5.6, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggests that 10-Gingerdione and 1-dehydro-[8]-gingerdione strongly modulates the anti-neurological activity and are associated with pathological features like amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are found to be critically regulated by these two target proteins. This comprehensive analysis provides a clue for further investigation of these natural compounds' inhibitory activity in drug discovery for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Gollapalli
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya S J Rao
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570017, Karnataka, India
| | - Hanumanthappa Manjunatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
| | - Gnanasekaran Tamizh Selvan
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nalilu Suchetha Kumari
- 1Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore-575018, Karnataka, India
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Waseem W, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Zafar R, Anwar A, Saeed Jan M, Rashid U, Sadiq A, Ismail T. Prospective Evaluation of an Amide-Based Zinc Scaffold as an Anti-Alzheimer Agent: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26723-26737. [PMID: 35936440 PMCID: PMC9352245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common progressive neurodegenerative mental disorder associated with loss of memory, decline in cognitive function, and dysfunction of language. The prominent pathogenic causes of this disease involve deposition of amyloid-β plaques, acetylcholine neurotransmitter deficiency, and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. There are multiple pathways that have been targeted to treat this disease. The inhibition of the intracellular cyclic AMP regulator phosphodiesterase IV causes the increase in CAMP levels that play an important role in the memory formation process. Organometallic chemistry works in a different way in treating pharmacological disorders. In the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals, zinc-based amide carboxylates have been shown to be a preferred pharmacophore. The purpose of this research work was to investigate the potential of zinc amide carboxylates in inhibition of phosphodiesterase IV for the Alzheimer's disease management. Swiss Albino mice under controlled conditions were divided into seven groups with 10 mice each. Group I was injected with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 1 mL/100 g dose, group II was injected with Streptozotocin (STZ) at 3 mg/kg dose, group III was injected with Piracetam acting as a standard drug at 200 mg/kg dosage, while groups IV-VII were injected with a zinc scaffold at the dose regimen of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. All groups except group I were injected with Streptozotocin on the first day and third day of treatment at the dose of 3 mg/kg through an intracerebroventricular route to induce Alzheimer's disease. Afterward, respective treatment was continued for all groups for 23 days. In between the treatment regimen, groups were analyzed for memory and learning improvement through various behavioral tests such as open field, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance tests. At the end of the study, different biochemical markers in the brain were estimated like neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline), oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), tau proteins, and amyloid-β levels. A PCR study was also performed. Results showed that the LD50 of the zinc scaffold is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Research indicated that the zinc scaffold has the potential to improve the memory impairment and learning behavior in Alzheimer's disease animal models in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose of 80 mg/kg, a maximum response was observed for the zinc scaffold. Maximum reduction in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme was observed at 80 mg/kg dose, which was further strengthened and verified by the PCR study. Oxidative stress was restored by the zinc scaffold due to the significant activation of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes. This research ended up with the conclusion that the zinc-based amide carboxylate scaffold has the potential to improve behavioral disturbances and vary the biochemical markers in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Waseem
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University (GCU) Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rehman Zafar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Anwar
- Department
of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Department
of Chemistry, Comsat University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Rabinovici GD, Gatsonis C, Apgar C, Chaudhary K, Gareen I, Hanna L, Hendrix J, Hillner BE, Olson C, Lesman-Segev OH, Romanoff J, Siegel BA, Whitmer RA, Carrillo MC. Association of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography With Subsequent Change in Clinical Management Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia. JAMA 2019; 321:1286-1294. [PMID: 30938796 PMCID: PMC6450276 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) detects amyloid plaques in the brain, a core neuropathological feature of Alzheimer disease. OBJECTIVE To determine if amyloid PET is associated with subsequent changes in the management of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia of uncertain etiology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) study was a single-group, multisite longitudinal study that assessed the association between amyloid PET and subsequent changes in clinical management for Medicare beneficiaries with MCI or dementia. Participants were required to meet published appropriate use criteria stating that etiology of cognitive impairment was unknown, Alzheimer disease was a diagnostic consideration, and knowledge of PET results was expected to change diagnosis and management. A total of 946 dementia specialists at 595 US sites enrolled 16 008 patients between February 2016 and September 2017. Patients were followed up through January 2018. Dementia specialists documented their diagnosis and management plan before PET and again 90 (±30) days after PET. EXPOSURES Participants underwent amyloid PET at 343 imaging centers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was change in management between the pre- and post-PET visits, as assessed by a composite outcome that included Alzheimer disease drug therapy, other drug therapy, and counseling about safety and future planning. The study was powered to detect a 30% or greater change in the MCI and dementia groups. One of 2 secondary end points is reported: the proportion of changes in diagnosis (from Alzheimer disease to non-Alzheimer disease and vice versa) between pre- and post-PET visits. RESULTS Among 16 008 registered participants, 11 409 (71.3%) completed study procedures and were included in the analysis (median age, 75 years [interquartile range, 71-80]; 50.9% women; 60.5% with MCI). Amyloid PET results were positive in 3817 patients with MCI (55.3%) and 3154 patients with dementia (70.1%). The composite end point changed in 4159 of 6905 patients with MCI (60.2% [95% CI, 59.1%-61.4%]) and 2859 of 4504 patients with dementia (63.5% [95% CI, 62.1%-64.9%]), significantly exceeding the 30% threshold in each group (P < .001, 1-sided). The etiologic diagnosis changed from Alzheimer disease to non-Alzheimer disease in 2860 of 11 409 patients (25.1% [95% CI, 24.3%-25.9%]) and from non-Alzheimer disease to Alzheimer disease in 1201 of 11 409 (10.5% [95% CI, 10.0%-11.1%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among Medicare beneficiaries with MCI or dementia of uncertain etiology evaluated by dementia specialists, the use of amyloid PET was associated with changes in clinical management within 90 days. Further research is needed to determine whether amyloid PET is associated with improved clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02420756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
- Associate Editor, JAMA Neurology
| | - Constantine Gatsonis
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Kiran Chaudhary
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ilana Gareen
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lucy Hanna
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Bruce E. Hillner
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | - Orit H. Lesman-Segev
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Justin Romanoff
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Barry A. Siegel
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
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Elfakhri KH, Duong QV, Langley C, Depaula A, Mousa YM, Lebeouf T, Cain C, Kaddoumi A. Characterization of Hit Compounds Identified from High-throughput Screening for their Effect on Blood-brain Barrier Integrity and Amyloid-β Clearance: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Neuroscience 2018; 379:269-280. [PMID: 29596966 PMCID: PMC5924725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised, thus therapeutic targeting of the BBB to enhance its integrity and function could be a unique approach to treat, slow or hold the progression of AD. Recently, we have developed an in vitro high-throughput screening assay to screen for compounds that increase the integrity of a cell-based BBB model. Results from primary screen identified multiple hit compounds that enhanced the monolayer integrity. Herein, further characterization of selected hit compounds, namely 8-bromoguanosine cyclic monophosphate, JW74, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, SB216763 and α-tocopherol was performed. Compounds were subjected to concentration-dependent studies to determine their EC50 and potency to enhance the cell-based model integrity by the Lucifer Yellow permeability and amyloid-beta (Aβ) transport across the monolayer. The compounds demonstrated different EC50s to enhance the monolayer integrity ranging from 0.4 to 12.8 µM, and different effect on enhancing Aβ transport with highest transport observed for α-tocopherol (2.2-fold increase). Such effects were associated with increased levels of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5 and/or ZO-1, and Aβ major transport proteins LRP1 and P-glycoprotein. In vivo studies for α-tocopherol were performed in AD mouse model; consistent with the in vitro results α-tocopherol significantly increased BBB integrity measured by IgG extravasation, and reduced brain Aβ levels. In conclusion, findings support our developed cell-based BBB model as a functional predictive in vivo tool to select hit compounds, and suggest that enhancing BBB tightness and function has the potential to reduce Aβ pathology associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H Elfakhri
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Quoc-Viet Duong
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Courtney Langley
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Ashley Depaula
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Youssef M Mousa
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Trista Lebeouf
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Courtney Cain
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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Giovagnoli AR, Manfredi V, Schifano L, Paterlini C, Parente A, Tagliavini F. Combining drug and music therapy in patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized study. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1021-1028. [PMID: 29550981 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) can impair language, but active music therapy (AMT) and memantine (M) can improve communication. This study aimed to clarify whether adding AMT to M may improve language in comparison with drugs alone in patients with moderate AD on stable therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEI). Forty-five AD patients treated with stable dose of AchEI were randomized to receive AMT plus M 20 mg/day or M 20 mg/day for 24 weeks. The Severe Impairment Battery-Language (SIB-l), SIB, Mini Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Lubben Social Network Scale, Activities of Daily Living, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks assessed language (primary variable) and overall cognitive, psycho-behavior, social, and functional aspects (secondary variables). The SIB-l showed a stabilization of the baseline condition in both groups, in the absence of between-group differences. The NPI depression and appetite scores significantly improved in the M-AMT group. Moreover, significantly less patients in the M-AMT group than those in the M group showed worsening of the NPI total score. Daily activities, social relationships, and overall cognitive performance did not deteriorate. In patients with moderate AD, AMT added to pharmacotherapy has no further benefits for language in comparison with pharmacotherapy alone. However, this integrated treatment can improve the psycho-behavioral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Giovagnoli
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Manfredi
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Schifano
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Paterlini
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Parente
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug-drug interaction potential of a selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (GSK2647544) in healthy volunteers
. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 54:935-949. [PMID: 27719741 PMCID: PMC5299597 DOI: 10.5414/cp202565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Objective: To evaluate in healthy volunteers the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of GSK2647544, (a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor). Methods: Study 1 was a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study with healthy male volunteers randomized to receive single escalating oral doses (0.5 – 750 mg) of GSK2647544. Study 2 was a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with healthy volunteers randomized to receive repeat doses (80 mg) of GSK2647544. The drug-drug interaction of GSK2647544 with simvastatin was also evaluated in study 2. Results: Across both studies GSK2647544 doses were generally well tolerated with no GSK2647544-related clinically significant findings. GSK2647544 was readily absorbed and its plasma concentration declined bi-exponentially with a terminal half-life ranging from 8 to 16 hours. Plasma exposure of GSK2647544 increased approximately dose-proportionally. There was GSK2647544 dose-dependent inhibition of plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, with a trough inhibition (12 hours after dose) of 85.6% after 7-day twice daily dosing. The administration of simvastatin concomitantly with GSK2647544 increased the overall exposure (area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration) of simvastatin and simvastatin acid by 3.6- to 4.3-fold and 1.5- to 3.1-fold, respectively. Conclusions: GSK2647544 was generally well tolerated and had a reasonable PK-PD profile. The clinically significant drug-drug interaction led to an early termination of study 2.
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Huiban M, Coello C, Wu K, Xu Y, Lewis Y, Brown AP, Buraglio M, Guan C, Shabbir S, Fong R, Passchier J, Rabiner EA, Lockhart A. Investigation of the Brain Biodistribution of the Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2) Inhibitor [ 18F]GSK2647544 in Healthy Male Subjects. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:153-161. [PMID: 27402093 PMCID: PMC5209404 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose GSK2647544 is a potent and specific inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which was in development as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to refine therapeutic dose predictions and confirm brain penetration, a radiolabelled form of the inhibitor, [18F]GSK2647544, was manufactured for use in a positron emission tomography (PET) biodistribution study. Procedures [18F]GSK2647544 was produced using a novel, copper iodide (Cu(I)) mediated, [18F]trifluoromethylation methodology. Healthy male subjects (n = 4, age range 34–42) received an oral dose of unlabelled GSK2647544 (100 mg) and after 2 h an intravenous (iv) injection of [18F]GSK2647544 (average injected activity and mass were 106 ± 47 MBq and 179 ± 55 μg, respectively) followed by dynamic PET scans for 120 min. Defined regions of interest (ROI) throughout the brain were used to obtain regional time-activity curves (TACs) and compartmental modelling analysis used to estimate the primary outcome measure, whole brain volume of distribution (VT). Secondary PK and safety endpoints were also recorded. Results PET dynamic data were successfully obtained from all four subjects and there were no clinically significant variations of the safety endpoints. Inspection of the TACs indicated a relatively homogenous uptake of [18F]GSK2647544 across all the ROIs examined. The mean whole brain VT was 0.56 (95 % CI, 0.41–0.72). Secondary PK parameters, Cmax (geometric mean) and Tmax (median), were 354 ng/ml and 1.4 h, respectively. Metabolism of GSK2647544 was relatively consistent across subjects, with 20–40 % of the parent compound [18F]GSK2647544 present after 120 min. Conclusions The study provides evidence that GSK2647544 is able to cross the blood brain barrier in healthy male subjects leading to a measurable brain exposure. The administered doses of GSK2647544 were well tolerated. Exploratory modelling suggested that a twice-daily dose of 102 mg, at steady state, would provide ~80 % trough inhibition of brain Lp-PLA2 activity. Trial Registration Clintrials.gov: NCT01924858. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11307-016-0982-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Huiban
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christopher Coello
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kai Wu
- WuXi Clinical Development Service, 19th Floor, Building A, FuXing Plaza, 388 Ma Dang Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Neurosciences, 917 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yvonne Lewis
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew P Brown
- AstraZeneca UK Limited, Melbourn Science Park, Royston, Herts, SG8 6HB, UK
| | - Mauro Buraglio
- GlaxoSmithKline, Neurosciences, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chenbing Guan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Neurosciences, 917 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaila Shabbir
- GlaxoSmithKline, Neurosciences, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Regan Fong
- UCB Biosciences Inc, PO Box 110167, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jan Passchier
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew Lockhart
- GlaxoSmithKline, Neurosciences, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0GG, UK.
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10
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McKeever PM, Kim T, Hesketh AR, MacNair L, Miletic D, Favrin G, Oliver SG, Zhang Z, St George-Hyslop P, Robertson J. Cholinergic neuron gene expression differences captured by translational profiling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:104-119. [PMID: 28628896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurotransmission is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a key component of disease pathogenicity and symptomatology. To explore the molecular basis of this cholinergic dysfunction, we paired translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with RNA sequencing (TRAP-Seq) to identify the actively translating mRNAs in anterior forebrain cholinergic neurons in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the downregulation of 67 of 71 known cholinergic-related transcripts, consistent with cholinergic neuron dysfunction in TgCRND8 mice, as well as transcripts related to oxidative phosphorylation, neurotrophins, and ribosomal processing. Upregulated transcripts included those related to axon guidance, glutamatergic synapses and kinase activity and included AD-risk genes Sorl1 and Ptk2b. In contrast, the total transcriptome of the anterior forebrain showed upregulation in cytokine signaling, microglia, and immune system pathways, including Trem2, Tyrobp, and Inpp5d. Hence, TRAP-Seq clearly distinguished the differential gene expression alterations occurring in cholinergic neurons of TgCRND8 mice compared with wild-type littermates, providing novel candidate pathways to explore for therapeutic development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M McKeever
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - TaeHyung Kim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew R Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura MacNair
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise Miletic
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giorgio Favrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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11
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Pro-neurogenic, Memory-Enhancing and Anti-stress Effects of DF302, a Novel Fluorine Gamma-Carboline Derivative with Multi-target Mechanism of Action. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:335-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Azam F, Alabdullah NH, Ehmedat HM, Abulifa AR, Taban I, Upadhyayula S. NSAIDs as potential treatment option for preventing amyloid β toxicity in Alzheimer's disease: an investigation by docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2099-2117. [PMID: 28571516 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1338164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein considered as one of contributors in development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several investigations have identified the importance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as Aβ aggregation inhibitors. Here, we have examined the binding interactions of 24 NSAIDs belonging to eight different classes, with Aβ fibrils by exploiting docking and molecular dynamics studies. Minimum energy conformation of the docked NSAIDs were further optimized by density functional theory (DFT) employing Becke's three-parameter hybrid model, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) correlation functional method. DFT-based global reactivity descriptors, such as electron affinity, hardness, softness, chemical potential, electronegativity, and electrophilicity index were calculated to inspect the expediency of these descriptors for understanding the reactive nature and sites of the molecules. Few selected NSAID-Aβ fibrils complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to illustrate the stability of these complexes and the most prominent interactions during the simulated trajectory. All of the NSAIDs exhibited potential activity against Aβ fibrils in terms of predicted binding affinity. Sulindac was found to be the most active compound underscoring the contribution of indene methylene substitution, whereas acetaminophen was observed as least active NSAID. General structural requirements for interaction of NSAIDs with Aβ fibril include: aryl/heteroaryl aromatic moiety connected through a linker of 1-2 atoms to a distal aromatic group. Considering these structural requirements and electronic features, new potent agents can be designed and developed as potential Aβ fibril inhibitors for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Azam
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Nada Hussin Alabdullah
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Hadeel Mohammed Ehmedat
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Abdullah Ramadan Abulifa
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Ismail Taban
- b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Sreedevi Upadhyayula
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India
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13
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Overhoff F, Brendel M, Jaworska A, Korzhova V, Delker A, Probst F, Focke C, Gildehaus FJ, Carlsen J, Baumann K, Haass C, Bartenstein P, Herms J, Rominger A. Automated Spatial Brain Normalization and Hindbrain White Matter Reference Tissue Give Improved [(18)F]-Florbetaben PET Quantitation in Alzheimer's Model Mice. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:45. [PMID: 26973442 PMCID: PMC4770021 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical PET studies of β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation are of growing importance, but comparisons between research sites require standardized and optimized methods for quantitation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate systematically the (1) impact of an automated algorithm for spatial brain normalization, and (2) intensity scaling methods of different reference regions for Aβ-PET in a large dataset of transgenic mice. PS2APP mice in a 6 week longitudinal setting (N = 37) and another set of PS2APP mice at a histologically assessed narrow range of Aβ burden (N = 40) were investigated by [18F]-florbetaben PET. Manual spatial normalization by three readers at different training levels was performed prior to application of an automated brain spatial normalization and inter-reader agreement was assessed by Fleiss Kappa (κ). For this method the impact of templates at different pathology stages was investigated. Four different reference regions on brain uptake normalization were used to calculate frontal cortical standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRCTX∕REF), relative to raw SUVCTX. Results were compared on the basis of longitudinal stability (Cohen's d), and in reference to gold standard histopathological quantitation (Pearson's R). Application of an automated brain spatial normalization resulted in nearly perfect agreement (all κ≥0.99) between different readers, with constant or improved correlation with histology. Templates based on inappropriate pathology stage resulted in up to 2.9% systematic bias for SUVRCTX∕REF. All SUVRCTX∕REF methods performed better than SUVCTX both with regard to longitudinal stability (d≥1.21 vs. d = 0.23) and histological gold standard agreement (R≥0.66 vs. R≥0.31). Voxel-wise analysis suggested a physiologically implausible longitudinal decrease by global mean scaling. The hindbrain white matter reference (Rmean = 0.75) was slightly superior to the brainstem (Rmean = 0.74) and the cerebellum (Rmean = 0.73). Automated brain normalization with reference region templates presents an excellent method to avoid the inter-reader variability in preclinical Aβ-PET scans. Intracerebral reference regions lacking Aβ pathology serve for precise longitudinal in vivo quantification of [18F]-florbetaben PET. Hindbrain white matter reference performed best when considering the composite of quality criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Overhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMunich, Germany; Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
| | | | - Andreas Delker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Federico Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Janette Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Baumann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Haass
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMunich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMunich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany
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14
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Garner R, Gopalakrishnan S, McCauley JA, Bednar RA, Gaul SL, Mosser SD, Kiss L, Lynch JJ, Patel S, Fandozzi C, Lagrutta A, Briscoe R, Liverton NJ, Paterson BM, Vornov JJ, Mazhari R. Preclinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of CERC-301, a GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00198. [PMID: 27022470 PMCID: PMC4777252 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of 4‐methylbenzyl (3S, 4R)‐3‐fluoro‐4‐[(Pyrimidin‐2‐ylamino) methyl] piperidine‐1‐carboxylate (CERC‐301), an orally bioavailable selective N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) antagonist, were characterized to develop a translational approach based on receptor occupancy (RO) to guide CERC‐301 dose selection in clinical trials of major depressive disorder. CERC‐301 demonstrated high‐binding affinity (Ki, 8.1 nmol L−1) specific to GluN2B with an IC50 of 3.6 nmol L−1 and no off‐target activity. CERC‐301 efficacy was demonstrated in the forced swim test with an efficacy dose (ED50) of 0.3–0.7 mg kg−1 (RO, 30–50%); increase in locomotor activity was observed at ED50 of 2 mg kg−1, corresponding to an RO of 75%. The predicted 50% RO concentration (Occ50) in humans was 400 nmol L−1, similar to that predicted for rat, dog, and monkey (300, 200, and 400 nmol L−1, respectively). Safety pharmacology and neurotoxicity studies raised no specific safety concerns. A first‐in‐human study in healthy males demonstrated a dose‐proportional pharmacokinetic profile, with Tmax of ~1 h and t1/2 of 12–17 h. Based on the preclinical and pharmacodynamic data, doses of ≥8 mg in humans are hypothesized to have an acceptable safety profile and result in clinically relevant peak plasma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laszlo Kiss
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. West Point Pennsylvania
| | | | - Shil Patel
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. West Point Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Blake M Paterson
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - James J Vornov
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Reza Mazhari
- Cerecor Inc.Baltimore Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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15
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Brendel M, Jaworska A, Grießinger E, Rötzer C, Burgold S, Gildehaus FJ, Carlsen J, Cumming P, Baumann K, Haass C, Steiner H, Bartenstein P, Herms J, Rominger A. Cross-sectional comparison of small animal [18F]-florbetaben amyloid-PET between transgenic AD mouse models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116678. [PMID: 25706990 PMCID: PMC4338066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare [18F]-florbetaben PET imaging in four transgenic mouse strains modelling Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the main focus on APPswe/PS2 mice and C57Bl/6 mice serving as controls (WT). A consistent PET protocol (N = 82 PET scans) was used, with cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) relative to cerebellum as the endpoint. We correlated methoxy-X04 staining of β-amyloid with PET results, and undertook ex vivo autoradiography for further validation of a partial volume effect correction (PVEC) of PET data. The SUVR in APPswe/PS2 increased from 0.95±0.04 at five months (N = 5) and 1.04±0.03 (p<0.05) at eight months (N = 7) to 1.07±0.04 (p<0.005) at ten months (N = 6), 1.28±0.06 (p<0.001) at 16 months (N = 6) and 1.39±0.09 (p<0.001) at 19 months (N = 6). SUVR was 0.95±0.03 in WT mice of all ages (N = 22). In APPswe/PS1G384A mice, the SUVR was 0.93/0.98 at five months (N = 2) and 1.11 at 16 months (N = 1). In APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, the SUVR declined from 0.96/0.96 at 12 months (N = 2) to 0.91/0.92 at 24 months (N = 2), due to β-amyloid plaques in cerebellum. PVEC reduced the discrepancy between SUVR-PET and autoradiography from −22% to +2% and increased the differences between young and aged transgenic animals. SUVR and plaque load correlated highly between strains for uncorrected (R = 0.94, p<0.001) and PVE-corrected (R = 0.95, p<0.001) data. We find that APPswe/PS2 mice may be optimal for longitudinal amyloid-PET monitoring in planned interventions studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Dept. of Translational Research I, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)—site Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Grießinger
- Dept. of Translational Research I, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)—site Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Rötzer
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Burgold
- Dept. of Translational Research I, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)—site Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Janette Carlsen
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Haass
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZNE–German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZNE–German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Dept. of Translational Research I, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)—site Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Prescribing for older adults represents a significant challenge as the UK population ages. Physiological decline and the rising prevalence of frailty increase the likelihood of altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, suboptimal prescribing and adverse effects among this growing cohort of the population. In the first of two articles, we begin by considering these issues and posit four key questions which should be considered when prescribing for older adults. Does this agent reflect the priorities of the patient? Are there alternatives - with greater efficacy, effectiveness or tolerability - that might be considered? Are the dose, frequency and formulation appropriate? How does this prescription relate to concurrent medication? We also describe current drug therapies in two disease states with a predilection for older adults: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis. Using these examples we highlight the limitations of evidence-based medicine and guidelines in this cohort of the population, illustrating the reliance on sub-group analysis to demonstrate the efficacy of drug therapies for older adults in osteoporosis and the underutilisation of appropriate treatments for patients with AD as a result of flawed guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mukhtar
- King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephen H D Jackson
- Department of Clinical Gerontology, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Azam F, Amer AM, Abulifa AR, Elzwawi MM. Ginger components as new leads for the design and development of novel multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's drugs: a computational investigation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2045-59. [PMID: 25364231 PMCID: PMC4211852 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale), despite being a common dietary adjunct that contributes to the taste and flavor of foods, is well known to contain a number of potentially bioactive phytochemicals having valuable medicinal properties. Although recent studies have emphasized their benefits in Alzheimer's disease, limited information is available on the possible mechanism by which it renders anti-Alzheimer activity. Therefore, the present study seeks to employ molecular docking studies to investigate the binding interactions between active ginger components and various anti-Alzheimer drug targets. Lamarckian genetic algorithm methodology was employed for docking of 12 ligands with 13 different target proteins using AutoDock 4.2 program. Docking protocol was validated by re-docking of all native co-crystallized ligands into their original binding cavities exhibiting a strong correlation coefficient value (r (2)=0.931) between experimentally reported and docking predicted activities. This value suggests that the approach could be a promising computational tool to aid optimization of lead compounds obtained from ginger. Analysis of binding energy, predicted inhibition constant, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions of ligands with target receptors revealed acetylcholinesterase as most promising, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase was recognized as the least favorable anti-Alzheimer's drug target. Common structural requirements include hydrogen bond donor/acceptor area, hydrophobic domain, carbon spacer, and distal hydrophobic domain flanked by hydrogen bond donor/acceptor moieties. In addition, drug-likeness score and molecular properties responsible for a good pharmacokinetic profile were calculated by Osiris property explorer and Molinspiration online toolkit, respectively. None of the compounds violated Lipinski's rule of five, making them potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Azam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Chen ST, Siddarth P, Ercoli LM, Merrill DA, Torres-Gil F, Small GW. Modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and subjective memory impairment across age groups. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98630. [PMID: 24896243 PMCID: PMC4045888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has identified modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults. Research is limited on the potential link between these risk factors and subjective memory impairment (SMI), which may precede AD and other dementias. Examination of these potential relationships may help identify those at risk for AD at a stage when interventions may delay or prevent further memory problems. The objective of this study was to determine whether risk factors for AD are associated with SMI among different age groups. Method Trained interviewers conducted daily telephone surveys (Gallup-Healthways) of a representative community sample of 18,614 U.S. respondents, including 4,425 younger (age 18 to 39 years), 6,365 middle-aged (40 to 59 years), and 7,824 older (60 to 99 years) adults. The surveyors collected data on demographics, lifestyles, and medical information. Less education, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, less exercise, obesity and depression, and interactions among them, were examined for associations with SMI. Weighted logistic regressions and chi-square tests were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals for SMI with each risk factor and pairwise interactions across age groups. Results Depression, less education, less exercise, and hypertension were significantly associated with SMI in all three age groups. Several interactions between risk factors were significant in younger and middle-aged adults and influenced their associations with SMI. Frequency of SMI increased with age and number of risk factors. Odds of having SMI increased significantly with just having one risk factor. Conclusions These results indicate that modifiable risk factors for AD are also associated with SMI, suggesting that these relationships occur in a broad range of ages and may be targeted to mitigate further memory problems. Whether modifying these risk factors reduces SMI and the eventual incidence of AD and other dementias later in life remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Linda M. Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA Longevity Center on Aging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Torres-Gil
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Public Policy, UCLA School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA Longevity Center on Aging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Evidences for B6C3-Tg (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double-transgenic mice between 3 and 10 months as an age-related Alzheimer's disease model. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 53:370-6. [PMID: 24362678 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mouse has shown great advantages in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and drug screening as AD develops rapidly resent years, while more detail information of these transgenic mice and experience of application are needed. To obtain the basic background information of the B6C3-Tg (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double-transgenic mouse, which was reported with early onset AD, three- to ten-month-old B6C3-Tg AD mice and normal C57BL/6 mice were selected randomly to test the ability of learning memory by Morris water maze, the brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by AChE kit, and beta amyloid protein level by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the control group, the escape latency time of B6C3-Tg AD mice at 9 and 10 months of age is significantly longer (P < 0.05) in Morris maze test, and the activity of brain AChE is higher. β-Amyloid plaques were observed at 3 months of age and developed rapidly. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the area of these plaques and the ages of B6C3-Tg AD mouse (y = 0.0355e(0.5557x), R = 0.9557). The model's behavior is conformed to simulate behaviors of human Alzheimer's disease at the early stage and may provide detail background information a new choice when transgenic mice are needed in the research of AD.
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20
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Pera M, Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Perez B, Badia A, Clos Guillen MV. Undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells protected by huprines against injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74344. [PMID: 24086337 PMCID: PMC3781080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a central role in the stress. Huprines, a group of potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), have shown a broad cholinergic pharmacological profile. Recently, it has been observed that huprine X (HX) improves cognition in non transgenic middle aged mice and shows a neuroprotective activity (increased synaptophysin expression) in 3xTg-AD mice. Consequently, in the present experiments the potential neuroprotective effect of huprines (HX, HY, HZ) has been analyzed in two different in vitro conditions: undifferentiated and NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Cells were subjected to oxidative insult (H2O2, 200 µM) and the protective effects of HX, HY and HZ (0.01 µM–1 µM) were analyzed after a pre-incubation period of 24 and 48 hours. All huprines showed protective effects in both undifferentiated and NGF-differentiated cells, however only in differentiated cells the effect was dependent on cholinergic receptors as atropine (muscarinic antagonist, 0.1 µM) and mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist, 100 µM) reverted the neuroprotection action of huprines. The decrease in SOD activity observed after oxidative insult was overcome in the presence of huprines and this effect was not mediated by muscarinic or nicotinic receptors. In conclusion, huprines displayed neuroprotective properties as previously observed in in vivo studies. In addition, these effects were mediated by cholinergic receptors only in differentiated cells. However, a non-cholinergic mechanism, probably through an increase in SOD activity, seems to be also involved in the neuroprotective effects of huprines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pera
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of morbidity in the elderly. AD affects aver 5 million persons in the United States, but because it increases in incidence in the elderly, and the "graying" population, AD is projected to increase in prevalence by many-fold over the coming decades. AD causes progressive mental impairment, resulting in the inability of persons to care for themselves. As a consequence, AD results in enormous costs to society due to both lost productivity, and required care. Thus, improved management and treatment is essential. In this review we will briefly review current understanding of the disease, including roles of beta-amyloid and tau proteins. We will then discuss current therapies in use, including the evidence for treatments with supplements, established drugs, and investigational therapeutic strategies, recently completed and ongoing.
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