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Karsazi H, Rezapour T, Ghamsari ASM, Kormi-Nouri R, Hatami J. Which intellectual activities are related to cognitive reserve? Introduction and testing a three-dimensional model. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1081-1091. [PMID: 38315217 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common belief among people and some researchers is that keeping yourself mentally active may decrease the risk of dementia. Over the past years, despite widespread efforts to identify proxies for protecting cognitive reserve against age-related changes, it is still not clear what type of intellectual activity would be beneficial for cognitive reserve. To fill this gap, we propose a three-dimensional model of intellectual activity. According to this conceptual model, intellectual activities could be distinguished based on their locations in a three-dimensions space, including; (1) Activation: active vs. passive, (2) Novelty: novel vs. familiar, and (3) Productivity: productive vs. receptive. We assumed that the activities that are categorized as more active, novel, and productive could be considered as a cognitive reserve proxy. METHODS To test this hypothesis, a sample of 237 participants older than 50 years (Mage = 58.76 ± 6.66; 63.7% women) was recruited to take part in the study. Episodic, semantic and working memory were assessed with computerized battery tests (Sepidar) and a self-report questionnaire was used to assess intellectual activities. Activities were categorized in terms of; (1) passive, familiar, and receptive activities (radio/watching TV), (2) active, familiar, and receptive activities (solving crosswords), (3) active, novel, and receptive activities (reading), and (4) active, novel, and productive activities (writing). RESULTS The results indicated that writing moderates the effect of age on episodic and semantic memory. Reading only moderates the effect of age on semantic memory, and radio/watching TV and solving crosswords do not play a role in moderation analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that intellectual activities have different moderating effects on the relationships between age and memory performance. Individuals with high levels of participation in novel and productive activities over the life course are less likely to clinically demonstrate cognitive impairments. Our results support the potential benefit of the three-dimensional model to provide a better insight into the complex role of intellectual activities in cognitive reserve, particularly for older adults. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and the benefits of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Karsazi
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, No.1 Kardan St., Al-E-Ahmad Exp., Chamran Exp., Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Rezapour
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Kormi-Nouri
- Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Javad Hatami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, No.1 Kardan St., Al-E-Ahmad Exp., Chamran Exp., Tehran, Iran.
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Iso-Markku P, Aaltonen S, Kujala UM, Halme HL, Phipps D, Knittle K, Vuoksimaa E, Waller K. Physical Activity and Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2354285. [PMID: 38300618 PMCID: PMC10835510 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Physical activity is associated with the risk for cognitive decline, but much of the evidence in this domain comes from studies with short follow-ups, which is prone to reverse causation bias. Objective To examine how length of follow-up, baseline age, physical activity amount, and study quality modify the longitudinal associations of physical activity with cognition. Data Sources Observational studies of adults with a prospective follow-up of at least 1 year, a valid baseline cognitive measure or midlife cohort, and an estimate of the association of baseline physical activity and follow-up cognition were sought from PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed, with the final search conducted on November 2, 2022. Study Selection Two independent researchers screened titles with abstracts and full-text reports. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Pooled estimates of association were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. An extensive set of moderators, funnel plots, and scatter plots of physical activity amount were examined. This study is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Main Outcomes and Measures Pooled estimates of the associations between physical activity and global cognition, as well as specific cognitive domains, were examined. Results A total of 104 studies with 341 471 participants were assessed. Analysis of binary outcomes included 45 studies with 102 452 individuals, analysis of follow-up global cognition included 14 studies with 41 045 individuals, and analysis of change in global cognition included 25 studies with 67 463 individuals. Physical activity was associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive impairment or decline after correction for funnel plot asymmetry (pooled risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), but there was no significant association in follow-ups longer than 10 years. Physical activity was associated with follow-up global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.03) and change in global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02) from trim-and-fill analyses, with no clear dose-response or moderation by follow-up length, baseline age, study quality or adjustment for baseline cognition. The specific cognitive domains associated with physical activity were episodic memory (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04) and verbal fluency (standardized regression coefficient, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08). Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with cognitive decline, physical activity was associated with better late-life cognition, but the association was weak. However, even a weak association is important from a population health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Iso-Markku
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Leena Halme
- Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Phipps
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keegan Knittle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Waller
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Shi X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li J. The effect of the leisure activities based on chess and cards for improving cognition of older adults: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:484. [PMID: 37516846 PMCID: PMC10386780 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in age, the probability of cognitive impairment in the older people is increasing. More and more evidence shows that participating in leisure activities, especially chess and cards, is beneficial to the cognition and mental state of the older people. But the evidence for causal inference is limited. There is a need to conduct a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) and long-term follow-up to test the effectiveness of intervention measures in improving cognitive function and mental state. This paper describes the methodology of a cluster RCT designed to determine the effect of chess and cards leisure activities on the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old. METHODS/DESIGN A cluster RCT consisting of 8 clusters will be conducted in four regions of Ningxia, China (Helan, Litong, Qingtongxia, and Shapotou). Clusters will be randomly assigned to the advocacy intervention group, which is also delivered with free leisure activities tools (chess and cards), or the control group. A baseline survey will be conducted before the intervention. A mid-term and final survey will be carried out twelve and twenty-four months after the intervention, respectively. The primary outcome is a change in cognitive function, and the secondary outcomes are changes in anxiety, depression, and loneliness. DISCUSSION The results of this RCT will be helpful to (1) confirm the effectiveness of chess and cards leisure activities in improving the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old; (2) determine the relationship between the frequency and duration of chess and cards leisure activities and cognitive function; (3) provide evidence of promoting participation in leisure activities through education campaigns and free provision of chess and cards tools; and (4) provide valuable information for successful aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200066817. Registered on 19 December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yueping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Mai S, Cai J, Zheng W, Li L. Path analysis of social engagement, loneliness and cognitive function among Chinese older adults. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1087-1099. [PMID: 36424712 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2151635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study established a research model to fully understand the relationship of social engagement, loneliness and cognitive function among Chinese older adults. In the latest wave (2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a total of 12,852 participants aged 65 years and older were included in the study. Path analysis was performed to examine our hypotheses. The social engagement had a positive relationship with normal cognitive function while loneliness had a negative one, and the standardized regression weights were 0.618 (p < 0.01) and -0.046 (p < 0.01), respectively. Watching TV or listening to the radio had the greatest association with cognitive function, followed by housework, outdoor activities, reading newspapers or books, playing cards or mahjong, and raising domestic animals or pets. Loneliness played a mediating role between social engagement and cognitive function. Social engagement could be considered as one of the interventions to improve older adults' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Mai
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Lu Li
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
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Spartano NL, Wang R, Yang Q, Chernofsky A, Murabito JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, DeCarli C, Maillard P, Seshadri S, Beiser AS. Association of Physical Inactivity with MRI Markers of Brain Aging: Assessing Mediation by Cardiometabolic and Epigenetic Factors. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:561-572. [PMID: 37574733 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns, increased in physically inactive individuals, are associated with an accelerated brain aging process. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns mediate the association of physical inactivity with unfavorable brain morphology. METHODS We included dementia and stroke free participants from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Offspring cohorts who had accelerometery and brain MRI data (n = 2,507, 53.9% women, mean age 53.9 years). We examined mediation by the 2017-revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP, using weights for age, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and smoking status, antihypertension medications, and systolic blood pressure) and the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in models of the association of physical inactivity with brain aging, adjusting for age, age-squared, sex, accelerometer wear time, cohort, time from exam-to-MRI, and season. We similarly assessed mediation by an epigenetic age-prediction algorithm, GrimAge, in a smaller sample of participants who had DNA methylation data (n = 1,418). RESULTS FSRP and HOMA-IR explained 8.3-20.5% of associations of higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), higher steps, and lower sedentary time with higher brain volume. Additionally, FSRP and GrimAge explained 10.3-22.0% of associations of physical inactivity with lower white matter diffusivity and FSRP explained 19.7% of the association of MVPA with lower free water accumulation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cardiometabolic risk factors and epigenetic patterns partially mediate the associations of physical inactivity with lower brain volume, higher white matter diffusivity, and aggregation of free water in the extracellular compartments of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine (BUCASM), Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel Chernofsky
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, BUCASM, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, BUSPH, Boston, MA, USA
- UT School of Public Health in San Antonio, TX, and UT Health Sciences Center in San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, BUSM, Boston, MA, USA
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Pozzi FE, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Can Traditional Board Games Prevent or Slow Down Cognitive Impairment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:829-845. [PMID: 37638443 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional board games can entail significant skills encompassing several cognitive functions across different domains. Therefore, they may potentially represent effective cognitive interventions in the aging population with or without Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia. OBJECTIVE We aimed at verifying the hypothesis that traditional board games can prevent or slow down cognitive decline, through a systematic review on traditional board games and dementia. METHODS We searched five databases with tailored search strings. We included studies assessing the impact of board games on elderly subjects at risk of or suffering from cognitive impairment, or subjects with cognitive impairment irrespective of age. Studies where the effect of board games was not separated by cards or other games were excluded. A meta-analysis was performed for specific cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Board games improved mental function, as measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (p = 0.003) and Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.02). Ska and Go improved Trail Making Test -A, while Mahjong improved executive functions. There was no consistent effect across different games on Digit Span or Categorical Fluency. Chess improved quality of life measured with the WHO-QoL-OLD scale (p < 0.00001). Mahjong temporarily improved depressive symptoms. Go increased BDNF levels and left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral putamen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Traditional board games may slow global cognitive decline and improve the quality of life in elderly subjects. Different games have varying impacts on specific cognitive domains, possibly mediated by functional and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Ringin E, Meyer D, Neill E, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Toh WL, Sumner PJ, Owen N, Hallgren M, Dunstan DW, Rossell SL, Van Rheenen TE. Psychological-health correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the COVID pandemic. Ment Health Phys Act 2022; 23:100481. [PMID: 36406837 PMCID: PMC9664206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While physical inactivity is associated with adverse psychological outcomes, less is known about the psychological outcomes associated with sedentary behaviour, and specifically, its mentally active and passive forms. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique opportunity to study associations between these variables in light of widespread stay-at-home mandates and restrictions on outdoor exercise/social activities. Using a cross-sectional dataset acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, we examined whether physical activity and sedentary behaviour were associated with subjective quality of life (sQoL) and subjective cognitive dysfunction, and whether these associations were mediated by depressive symptoms. METHODS 658 participants (males = 169, females = 489) self-reported data on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in an online survey during May 2020-May 2021. Data on physical activity and sedentary behaviour (both mentally active and passive types) was compared according to whether it was collected during or out of a lockdown period. Regression models were used to test associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with sQoL and subjective cognitive dysfunction, and whether these associations were mediated by depression severity. RESULTS Physical activity was beneficially associated with sQoL, whereas sedentary behaviour (both total hours and the reduction of mentally active/increase in mentally passive behaviour) was detrimentally associated with sQoL. These associations were mediated by depression severity. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were also indirectly associated with subjective cognitive dysfunction by virtue of their associations with depression severity. CONCLUSIONS There are important differences in the psychological correlates of mentally passive and active sedentary behaviours. Our findings suggest that health promotion strategies should focus on not only increasing physical activity but also reducing passive sedentary behaviours as a means of maintaining good psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysha Ringin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric J Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip J Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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Raichlen DA, Klimentidis YC, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Alexander GE. Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206931119. [PMID: 35994664 PMCID: PMC9436362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is currently unclear. This study investigates whether SB is associated with incident dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). A total of 146,651 participants from the UK Biobank who were 60 years or older and did not have a diagnosis of dementia (mean [SD] age: 64.59 [2.84] years) were included. Self-reported leisure-time SBs were divided into two domains: time spent watching television (TV) or time spent using a computer. A total of 3,507 individuals were diagnosed with all-cause dementia over a mean follow-up of 11.87 (±1.17) years. In models adjusted for a wide range of covariates, including time spent in PA, time spent watching TV was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [1.15 to 1.32]) and time spent using a computer was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.81 to 0.90]). In joint associations with PA, TV time and computer time remained significantly associated with dementia risk at all PA levels. Reducing time spent in cognitively passive SB (i.e., TV time) and increasing time spent in cognitively active SB (i.e., computer time) may be effective behavioral modification targets for reducing risk of dementia regardless of engagement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - M. Katherine Sayre
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006
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Tian G, Shuai J, Li R, Zhou T, Shi Y, Cheng G, Yan Y. Association between playing cards/mahjong and risk of incident dementia among the Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:966647. [PMID: 36072484 PMCID: PMC9441854 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.966647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have shown that the frequent participation of the elderly in cognitive stimulation activities is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, but the prospective evidence of this association is limited. Methods: We used data from a prospective cohort study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and included 11,821 community-living Chinese individuals aged 65 years or older at 2008 baseline who were free of dementia, and were followed up every 2–3 years until 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to generate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for analyzing the associations between the frequency of playing cards/mahjong and the incidence of dementia. Results: A total of 821 participants were diagnosed with dementia during the 10-year follow-up. The average age of patients with dementia and non dementia were 89 and 90 years old, respectively. Compared with participants who rarely or never played cards/mahjong, participants who played cards/mahjong almost every day had a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.63; 95%CI, 0.42–0.95) after the multivariable-adjusted model. Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses based on sex (male: HR = 0.52, 0.28–0.96; female: HR = 0.62, 0.36–0.98), age (<85years: HR = 0.55, 0.32–0.89), regularly exercise (yes: HR = 0.44, 0.28–0.87) and MMSE score [above median (25): HR = 0.66, 0.41–0.92]. Conclusions: Playing cards/mahjong in the elderly may contribute to reducing the risk of dementia.
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Cheng Y, Jian JM, He CY, Ren JR, Xu MY, Jin WS, Tan CR, Zeng GH, Shen YY, Chen DW, Li HY, Yi X, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Wang YJ. The Correlations of Plasma Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein with Amyloid-β and Tau Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:375-383. [PMID: 35599489 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP, also known as FABP1) is critical for fatty acid transport and may be involved in AD. Objective: To investigate whether the FABP1 level is altered in patients with AD, and its associations with levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Chinese cohort consisting of 39 cognitively normal controls and 47 patients with AD. The levels of FABP1 in plasma, and Aβ and tau in CSF, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A single-molecule array (SIMOA) was used to detect plasma Aβ levels. Results: The level of plasma FABP1 was significantly elevated in the AD group (p = 0.0109). Further analysis showed a positive correlation of FABP1 with CSF total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels. Besides, plasma FABP1/Aβ 42 (AUC = 0.6794, p = 0.0071) and FABP1/t-tau (AUC = 0.7168, p = 0.0011) showed fair diagnostic efficacy for AD. When combined with other common AD biomarkers including plasma Aβ 42, Aβ 40, and t-tau, both FABP1/Aβ 42 and FABP1/t-tau showed better diagnostic efficacy than using these biomarkers alone. Among all AUC analyses, the combination of plasma FABP1/t-tau and Aβ 42 had the highest diagnostic value (AUC = 0.8075, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that FABP1 may play a role in AD pathogenesis and be worthy of further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Ming Jian
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen-Yang He
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Rong Ren
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Man-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Jin
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Tan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Hansdottir H, Jonsdottir MK, Fisher DE, Eiriksdottir G, Jonsson PV, Gudnason V. Creativity, leisure activities, social engagement and cognitive impairment: the AGES-Reykjavík study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1027-1035. [PMID: 35075586 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in leisure activities and extensive social network have been associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia. AIMS We examined whether leisure activities (cognitive solitary, cognitive group, social, physical, or creative activities) and social involvement are associated with less incidence of CI or dementia. METHODS Analyses were performed from data of 2933 cognitively intact individuals at baseline included in the AGES-REYKJAVIK study. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for incident CI and dementia in relation to cognitive individual, cognitive group, social, physical, and creative leisure activities as well as social networks. Models were adjusted for a number of known risk factors for cognitive decline. RESULTS In 5 years, 12% of the cohort were diagnosed with CI or dementia. All leisure activities were associated with reduced likelihood of cognitive decline in the raw model, but in adjusted models, cognitive solitary [OR 0.49 (Confidence Interval (CI) 0.38-0.64)], cognitive group [OR 0.50 (CI 0.30-0.82)], and creative activities [OR 0.53 (CI 0.35-0.83)] were significantly associated with less cognitive decline. Analyses examining creative leisure activities independently, controlling for all other activities, suggested individuals participating in creative activities exhibited less CI [OR 0.64 (CI 0.41-0.98)]. Among social networks variables, frequency of meeting with friends and relatives was associated with reduced likelihood of CI [OR 0.49 (CI 0.31-0.75)]. DISCUSSION Cognitive and creative leisure activities and frequent gatherings with friends and relatives are associated with reduced incidence of CI in this older cohort. CONCLUSION Creative leisure activities might have special benefit for cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana E Fisher
- Office of Vision, Health and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
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12
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Sha F, Zhao Z, Wei C, Li B. Modifiable Factors Associated with Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Cognitively Normal Status: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1897-1906. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies found that about 24% of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients reverse to cognitive normal (CN) status. However, it is unclear which modifiable factors are associated with this reversion. Objective: To identify potential modifiable factors associated with the reversion of MCI to CN status. Methods: We conducted a prospective community-based cohort study based on 2002–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Multivariable Cox regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty for variable selection was adopted to investigate the associations between reversion to CN and potential modifiable dietary/lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and psychological factors. Results: Our analysis included 7,422 MCI participants [average age: 90.0 (SD 9.5) years]. Among these participants, 1,604 (21.6%) reversed from MCI to CN with a mean (SD) follow-up of 2.9 (1.8) years. Several dietary/lifestyle factors, including daily consumption of fresh fruits (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.42), engagement in reading (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.54), housework (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.35), and mah-jongg or other card games (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.39), were positively associated with possibility of reversion. Cigarette smoking (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.00) and duration of alcohol drinking (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99) were negatively associated with possibility of reversion. None of the modifiable cardiometabolic and psychological factors was found to be significantly associated with reversion to CN. Conclusion: This study identified several dietary/lifestyle factors associated with MCI reversion that may transfer into large-scale dementia prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sha
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Wei
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Wang J, Li R, Zhang L, Gao X, Zhou M, Zhang X, Ma Y. Associations between sedentary behaviour patterns and depression among people aged 60 and older in Hebei Province of China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 35148744 PMCID: PMC8840782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviours (SBs) are now considered a risk factor for depression. Older adults are sedentary most of the time and are at a high risk of depression. However, not all types of SBs have adverse effects on mental health. Passive SBs (such as watching TV) increase the risk of depression, whereas mentally active SBs (such as using the internet and reading) decrease the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between type of SBs (i.e., passive and mentally active SBs) and depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline survey of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases. A total of 2679 older adults aged ≥60 years from the Hebei Province of China were included in this study. The type and time spent on SBs were self-reported. Watching TV was defined as a passive SB, whereas internet use, reading, and social SBs (including communicating with others and playing chess) were defined as mentally active SBs. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The maximal possible score was 30 points, and ≥ 11 points indicated depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between SBs and depression. Covariates included sex, age, education, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, domestic work, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases. RESULTS At baseline, the participants who spent two or more hours and 0 h on passive SBs (i.e., TV viewing) had a greater risk of depression (=0 h: adjusted OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.18-3.76; 2-3 h: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16-4.16; > 3 h: OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.93-6.68) than the participants who spent 1-2 h on passive SBs. The participants who spent > 1 h on mentally active SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06-0.71) than the participants who did not engage in mentally active SBs. Not all mentally active SBs were linked to depression. The participants who engaged in social SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.66) than the participants who did not engage in social SBs. CONCLUSIONS Spending 2 h or more per day on passive SBs (watching TV) was associated with a high risk of depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. Mentally active SBs (predominantly social SBs) could reduce the risk of depression. Some participants with depression probably did not watch TV. These findings suggested that spending more time on social SBs (such as communicating with others and playing chess) rather than watching TV may have important public health implications for preventing and managing depression among older Chinese adults. Moreover, society should attend to the mental health of elderly adults who do not watch TV as they may be more prone to suffer from depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meiqi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinjing Zhang
- Circulating Chemical Industry Park Hospital, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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14
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Rahman M, Mim SA, Islam R, Parvez A, Islam F, Uddin MB, Rahaman S, Shuvo PA, Ahmed M, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frailty: Focus on Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5289-5314. [PMID: 35400321 PMCID: PMC10477961 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220408102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afsana Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Pollob Ahmed Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, NSW; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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15
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Wanders L, Bakker EA, van Hout HPJ, Eijsvogels TMH, Hopman MTE, Visser LNC, Wouters H, Thijssen DHJ. Association between sedentary time and cognitive function: A focus on different domains of sedentary behavior. Prev Med 2021; 153:106731. [PMID: 34280406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies which examined the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cognitive function have presented equivocal findings. Mentally active/inactive sedentary domains may relate differently to cognitive function. We examined associations between SB and cognitive function, specifically focusing on different domains. Participants were recruited from the Nijmegen Exercise Study 2018 in the Netherlands. SB (h/day) was measured with the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed with a validated computer self-test (COST-A), and a z-score calculated for global cognitive function. Multivariate linear regression assessed associations between tertiles of sedentary time and cognitive function. Cognition tests were available from 2821 participants, complete data from 2237 participants (43% female), with a median age of 61 [IQR 52-67] and a mean sedentary time of 8.3 ± 3.2 h/day. In fully adjusted models, cognitive function was significantly better in participants with the highest total sedentary time (0.07 [95% CI 0.02-0.12], P = 0.01), work-related sedentary time (0.13 [95% CI 0.07-0.19], P < 0.001), and non-occupational computer time (0.07 [95% CI 0.02-0.12], P = 0.01), compared to the least sedentary. Leisure sedentary time and time spent sedentary in the domains TV, reading or creative time showed no association with cognitive function in final models (all P > 0.05). We found a strong, independent positive association between total SB and cognitive function in a heterogenous population. This relation was not consistent across different domains, with especially work- and computer-related SB being positively associated with cognitive function. This highlights the importance of assessing the various sedentary domains in understanding the relation between sedentary time and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wanders
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmée A Bakker
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hein P J van Hout
- Departments of General Practice and Medicine for Older Persons, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie N C Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Wouters
- General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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16
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Lin CW, Mao TY, Huang CF. A Novel Game-Based Intelligent Test for Detecting Elderly Cognitive Function Impairment. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1698406. [PMID: 34880929 PMCID: PMC8648469 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1698406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES This research explores the game-based intelligent test (GBIT), predicts the possibilities of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and the risk of cognitive impairment, and then verifies GBIT as one of the reliable and valid cognitive assessment tools. METHODS This study recruited 117 elderly subjects in Taiwan (average age is 79.92 ± 8.68, average height is 156.91 ± 8.01, average weight is 59.14 ± 9.67, and average MMSE score is 23.33 ± 6.16). A multiple regression model was used to analyze the GBIT parameters of the elderly's reaction, attention, coordination, and memory to predict their MMSE performance. The binary logistic regression was then utilized to predict their risk of cognitive impairment. The statistical significance level was set as α = 0.05. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, the correct number of reactions, and the correct number of memory have a significantly positive predictive power on MMSE of the elderly (F = 37.60, R 2 = 0.69, and p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis noted that the correct average number of reactions falls by one question, and the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 1.09 times (p < 0.05); the correct average number of memory drops by one question, the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 3.76 times (p < 0.05), and the overall model predictive power is 88.20% (sensitivity: 84.00%; specificity: 92.30%). CONCLUSIONS This study verifies that GBIT is reliable and can effectively predict the cognitive function and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Therefore, GBIT can be used as one of the feasible tools for evaluating older people's cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Yen Mao
- Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Huang
- Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
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17
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Zhang Y, Fu S, Ding D, Lutz MW, Zeng Y, Yao Y. Leisure Activities, APOE ε4, and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:736201. [PMID: 34616288 PMCID: PMC8488387 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.736201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both leisure activities and the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) have been shown to affect cognitive health. We aimed to determine whether engagement in leisure activities protects against APOE ε4-related cognitive decline. Methods: We used the cohort data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 3,017 participants (mean age of 77.0 years, SD = 9.0; 49.3% female) from 23 provinces of China were recruited in 2008 and were reinterviewed in 2014. We assessed cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We calculated cognitive decline using subtraction of the MMSE score of each participant in 2008 and 2014. We genotyped a number of APOE ε4 alleles for each participant at baseline and determined the Index of Leisure Activities (ILAs) by summing up the frequency of nine types of typical activities in productive, social, and physical domains. We used ordinal logistic regression models to estimate the effects of leisure activities, APOE ε4, and their interaction on cognitive decline, statistically adjusted for a range of potential confounders. Results: There were significant associations between APOE ε4 and faster cognitive decline, independent of potential confounders, and between leisure activities and mitigated cognitive decline. The odds ratios were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.53) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.97), respectively. We found significant interactions of APOE ε4 with leisure activities with a P-value of 0.018. We also observed interactive effects of subtypes of leisure activities: participants who regularly engaged in productive activities were more likely to reduce the risk of APOE ε4-related cognitive decline. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for the indication that participating in leisure activities reduces the risk of APOE ε4-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies at National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies at National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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García-Esquinas E, Ortolá R, Martínez-Gómez D, Damián J, Prina M, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Pastor-Barriuso R. Causal effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on health deficits accumulation in older adults. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:852-865. [PMID: 33150410 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) have been associated with healthy ageing, but their effects when adjusted for reverse causation and selection bias remain unclear. METHODS A deficits accumulation (DA) index based on the number and severity of 51 health deficits (0-100%) was calculated at baseline and three biannual follow-up visits, in a representative cohort of 3 228 community-dwelling older adults in Spain. Average differences in DA index by previous recreational PA, household PA, mentally-active SB and passive SB were estimated using marginal structural models with inverse probability of exposure and censoring weights. RESULTS Compared with participants with previous recreational PA of 10-19.9 metabolic equivalent hours/week (MET-hours/week), average differences in DA index (95% confidence intervals) were 0.19 (-1.09, 1.48), 0.69 (-0.23, 1.61), -0.66 (-1.34, 0.02), -0.87 (-1.59, -0.13) and -0.55 (-1.37, 0.28) for 0, 0.1-9.9, 20-29.9, 30-39.9 and ≥40 MET-hours/week, respectively (P for trend = 0.006). Household PA showed no effect on subsequent DA after adjusting for reverse causation. Women, but not men, who spent 7-14.9, 15-20.9 and ≥21 h/week on mentally active SB had DA decreases of 0.09 (-1.00, 1.19), 1.08 (-0.28, 2.45) and 2.17 (0.58, 3.75), respectively, compared with 1-6.9 h/week (P for trend = 0.005); whereas women who spent 3-3.9, 4-4.9 and ≥5 h/day on passive SB showed DA increases of 0.41 (-0.52, 1.35), 1.35 (0.13, 2.57) and 2.13 (0.78, 3.47), respectively, compared with 2-2.9 h/day (P for trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The proposed methodology allows estimation of the causal effects of PA and SB on ageing, by simulating a random assignment in which all subjects have the same probability of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Madrid and Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Madrid and Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Madrid and Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Damián
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Autonomous University of Madrid and Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Hatt CR, Brydges CR, Mogle JA, Sliwinski MJ, Bielak AAM. Evaluating the Consistency of Subjective Activity Assessments and Their Relation to Cognition in Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6030074. [PMID: 34449640 PMCID: PMC8395599 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Research examining whether activity engagement is related to cognitive functioning in older adults has been limited to using retrospective reports of activity which may be affected by biases. This study compared two measurements (estimated weekly versus reported daily), and whether these activity assessments were related to cognition in older adults; (2) Methods: Participants from US (n = 199) and Australian (n = 170) samples completed a weekly estimate of activity, followed by 7 consecutive days of daily reporting. Differences between weekly estimates and daily reports were found, such that estimations at the weekly level were lower than self-reported daily information. Multivariate multiple regression was used to determine whether total activity, activity domains and the discrepancy between assessment types (i.e., weekly/daily) predicted cognitive performance across three cognitive domains (fluid, verbal, memory); (3) Results: When activity assessments were totaled, neither predicted cognition; however, when activity was grouped by domain (cognitive, social, physical), different domains predicted different cognitive outcomes. Daily reported cognitive activity significantly predicted verbal performance (β = 1.63, p = 0.005), while weekly estimated social activity predicted memory performance (β = −1.81, p = 0.050). Further, while the magnitude of discrepancy in total activity did not significantly predict cognitive performance, domain specific differences did. Differences in physical activity reported across assessments predicted fluid performance (β = −1.16, p = 0.033); (4) Conclusions: The significant discrepancy between the measurement types shows that it is important to recognize potential biases in responding when conducting activity and cognition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R. Hatt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-316-644-8646
| | | | - Jacqueline A. Mogle
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Allison A. M. Bielak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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20
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Horikawa C, Otsuka R, Nishita Y, Tange C, Kato Y, Tanaka T, Rogi T, Shibata H, Ando F, Shimokata H. Interaction between cognitive leisure activity and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on global cognitive decline in a Japanese longitudinal cohort study: National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34315440 PMCID: PMC8314584 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in the significance of adopting a variety of lifestyle habits for maintaining cognitive function among older adults. A lifestyle that is easy to modify, simple, and less burdensome for older people is ideal. We investigated the longitudinal association between global cognitive decline and cognitive leisure activities (CLAs) combined with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) intake. Methods The National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) enrolled community-dwelling middle-aged and older men and women who were randomly selected from Obu-City and Higashiura Town, Aichi, Japan. Baseline data (2006–2008), including CLAs and dietary intake, were obtained from 517 participants (aged 60–84 years) with normal cognition. Global cognitive decline, defined as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 27, was assessed at baseline and four years later. Interaction between CLAs and LCPUFAs on cognitive decline was investigated using a multiple logistic analysis with adjustment for confounders. CLA engagement and LCPUFA intake were divided into high and low groups according to the frequency at which each participant engaged in the activity and the median intake level according to sex, respectively. Results A significant interaction was detected for the combination of CLA engagement and LCPUFA intake. Logistic regression coefficients revealed significant interactions when participants engaged in more than five CLA varieties. One of the CLAs, art appreciation, produced a significant main effect against cognitive decline and a significant interaction in combination with LCPUFA intake. The major LCPUFAs—docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid—also exhibited a significant interaction. The combination of high LCPUFA intake and high art appreciation frequency yielded a lower adjusted odds ratio for cognitive decline than the combination of low LCPUFA and low art appreciation [0.25 (95 % confidence intervals, 0.11–0.56)]. Conclusions Preserving cognitive function might be associated with a combination of varied and high-frequency engagement in CLAs combined with high LCPUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Horikawa
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, 480-1197, Nagakute- city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Tanaka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku- gun, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, 480-1197, Nagakute- city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, 474-8511, Obu-City, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57 Takenoyama, Iwasaki-cho, 470-0196, Nisshin-city, Aichi, Japan
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21
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Fajersztajn L, Di Rienzo V, Nakamura CA, Scazufca M. Watching TV and Cognition: The SPAH 2-Year Cohort Study of Older Adults Living in Low-Income Communities. Front Neurol 2021; 12:628489. [PMID: 34248811 PMCID: PMC8267001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.628489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Watching TV is a highly prevalent leisure activity among older adults and, in many cases, the only leisure option of those living in low-income communities. While engaging in leisure activities have proven to protect older adults from cognitive decline, the effects of watching TV on cognition of this population is controversial in the literature. This study investigated the impact of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a cohort of older adults residents of socioeconomically deprived areas of São Paulo, Brazil. We used data from the São Paulo Aging & Health Study (SPAH). Participants aged 65 years or over, with no dementia diagnosis at baseline and who completed the 2-year follow-up assessment were included in this study (n = 1,243). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the effect of watching TV on global cognitive function, immediate memory and verbal fluency. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of developing dementia and aMCI. Models were controlled by cognitive performance at baseline, sociodemographic characteristics and functional status. Cognitive performance at baseline and follow-up were similar. Thirty-one participants were diagnosed with dementia, and 23 with aMCI 24 months after inclusion in the study. Watching TV did not show any positive or negative effect on global cognitive function, immediate memory, verbal fluency, risk of dementia and risk of aMCI. It is good news that watching TV did not predict the decline in cognition in elders. However, it is essential to increase opportunities for other leisure activities for low-income and low-educated older adults if we do consider that leisure activities protect cognition decline in older adults. In the coming decades, developing countries will experience the highest burden of dementia and more than fun, public policies to promote leisure activities might be a strategy to alleviate this burden shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fajersztajn
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Di Rienzo
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Akemi Nakamura
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Medica (LIM) 23, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Scazufca
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Investigação Medica (LIM) 23, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Effectiveness of a chess-training program for improving cognition, mood, and quality of life in older adults: A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:894-900. [PMID: 34098442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular practice of a cognitively stimulating activity, such as chess, can help maintain a healthy cognitive, social, and psychological state during the aging process. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a chess-training program on cognitive status, mood, and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of institutionalized and semi-institutionalized older adults. METHOD A nonrandomized, controlled pilot study with repeated measures (pre- and post-intervention) was conducted. RESULTS Analyses revealed a positive impact of the chess program on general cognitive status (p < 0.001) and promising evidence (p < 0.043) of an impact on attention, processing speed, and executive functions. The participants in the intervention group also showed significant improvement in QoL scores (p < 0.021). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week chess-training protocol with two 60-minute sessions per week improved cognition and QoL in a sample of institutionalized and semi-institutionalized older adults. Further research with larger samples is needed to explore its effects in depth.
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23
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Liu X, Ruan Y, Huang L, Guo Y, Sun S, Chen H, Gao J, Shi Y, Xiao Q. Cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality in older adults: a 4-year community-based cohort. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:236. [PMID: 33836660 PMCID: PMC8033664 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive leisure activity, such as reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use, is common among older adults in China. Previous studies suggest a negative correlation between cognitive leisure activity and cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality has rarely been reported. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the relationships between cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality in a community-based older people cohort in China. METHODS The current study sample comprised 4003 community residents aged ≥60 y who were enrolled in June 2015, and were followed up every year from 2015 to 2018. Reading, playing mahjong or cards and computer use were measured by questionnaires and summed into a cognitive leisure activity index (CLAI) score. Time-Dependent Cox Regression Model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine the association of cognitive leisure activity with all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the 4-year follow-up of 4003 participants, 208 (5.2%) deaths were registered. Of all participants, 66.8, 26.7, 6.1 and 0.35% reported CLAI scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A strong association was noted between the CLA score and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.54-0.97, P = 0.028). Stratified analysis suggested that a higher CLAI score was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality mainly among those who were male, aged ≥80 y, cognitively impaired, and not diagnosed with cancer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cognitive leisure activity was positively associated with reduced risk of death from all cause among the older people in major city of China, which helped promote a comprehensive understanding of health characteristics at advanced ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Shanghai municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 west Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.,National Clinical Research Center for aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuangyuan Sun
- Songjiang Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 west Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Shin SH, Park S, Wright C, D'astous VA, Kim G. The Role of Polygenic Score and Cognitive Activity in Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:319-329. [PMID: 32564085 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study explored whether the intensity of cognitive activities could moderate the relationship between a genetic predisposition for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States. Furthermore, we examined whether the same moderating effects were dependent on different measures of cognition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a data set from the 2000-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Our sample included 3,793 individuals aged 50 or older. We used the polygenic score (PGS) for AD as a genetic trait for cognitive functioning. Reading, listening to music, using a computer, playing cards/games/solving puzzles, singing/playing musical instruments, and creating art and crafts were included as cognitive activities, and TV viewing as passive activities. We used total cognition, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence as proxies for cognitive functioning. Growth-curve models were conducted. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, we found that reading books, using a computer, and playing cards/games/solving puzzles had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. An additional hour spent reading books moderated the negative effect of AD PGS on cognition. The measure of fluid, when compared with crystallized intelligence, appeared to drive these results. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Reading could be a protective factor against cognitive decline among older adults who are genetically predisposed to developing AD. Implications for individuals, caregivers, clinicians, and policymakers are suggested. Furthermore, the onset of AD in those at greater genetic risk may be delayed with this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Shin
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Soohyun Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Cheryl Wright
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Giyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Armstrong NM, Tom SE, Harrati A, Casaletto K, Pa J, Arce Rentería M, Gu Y, Rajan KB, Schupf N, Fieo R, Weuve J, Simonsick EM, Manly JJ, Stern Y, Zahodne LB. Longitudinal Relationship of Leisure Activity Engagement with Cognitive Performance among Non-Demented, Community-Dwelling Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:352-363. [PMID: 33784376 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Leisure activity engagement (LAE) may reduce the risk of incident dementia. However, cognitive performance may predict LAE change. We evaluated the temporal ordering of overall and subtypes of LAE (intellectual, physical, and social) and cognitive performance (global, language, memory, and visuospatial function) among non-demented older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project concurrently administered a survey measure of 13 leisure activities and a neuropsychological battery every 18-24 months for up to 14 years to 5,384 racially and ethnically diverse participants. We used parallel process conditional latent growth curve models to examine temporal ordering in the overall sample and within baseline diagnostic groups (MCI vs. cognitively normal). RESULTS Levels and changes of overall and subtypes of LAE were positively correlated with cognitive performance in the overall sample and within each diagnostic group. In the overall sample, higher initial memory was associated with slower declines in social LAE (Estimate=0.019, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.001, 0.037). Among MCI, higher initial physical LAE was associated with slower declines in memory (Estimate=0.034, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.067), but higher initial intellectual LAE was related to steeper declines in visuospatial function (Estimate=-0.028, 95% CI: -0.052, -0.004). Among cognitively normal, higher initial memory was associated with slower declines in intellectual LAE (Estimate=0.012, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.022). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Dynamic interplay of LAE with cognitive performance was observed across diagnostic groups. Levels of LAE subtypes could be more predictive of change in certain cognitive domains within older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Tom
- Department of Neurology and the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amal Harrati
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judy Pa
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miguel Arce Rentería
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division and the Taub Institute, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division and the Taub Institute, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division and the Taub Institute, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Fieo
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division and the Taub Institute, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division and the Taub Institute, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Rajesh A, Noice T, Noice H, Jahn A, Daugherty AM, Heller W, Kramer AF. Can a Theater Acting Intervention Enhance Inhibitory Control in Older Adults? A Brain-Behavior Investigation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:583220. [PMID: 33815076 PMCID: PMC8012496 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.583220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Studies of reactive and proactive modes of inhibitory control tend to show age-related declines and are accompanied by abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. We explored which mode of inhibitory control would be more amenable to change and accrue greater benefits following engagement in a 4-week theater acting intervention in older adults. These gains were evaluated by performance on the AX-CPT task. We hypothesized that an increase in proactive control would relate to an increase in AY errors and a decrease in BX errors. In contrast, an increase in reactive control would be associated with a decrease in AY errors, no change in AY reaction time, and an increase in BX response time. Further, we posited that an increase in behavioral proactive control would accompany greater cue versus probe activity for previously identified regions in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, an increase in behavioral reactive control would be accompanied by greater probe activation in these identified brain areas. Materials and Methods: The participants were 179 community-dwelling adults aged 60–89 years who were on average, college-educated. Participants were pseudo-randomly assigned to either an active-experiencing acting intervention condition (n = 93) or the active control condition (n = 86); participant assignment was subject to time of enrollment. Participants in both groups were trained by theater-actor researchers with expertise in acting interventions. In contrast to the active control participants who attended a course on theater acting, the acting-intervention group was required to consistently deploy proactive and reactive control mechanisms. Both groups met two times/week for 75-min for 4 weeks. Participant brain-behavioral performance on the AX-CPT task was evaluated prior to and after this four-week period. Results: No intervention effects were found in favor of proactive control. Behavioral evidence in favor of reactive control was weak. Brain-related benefits to reactive control was illustrated by greater probe-activation in Brodmann areas 6 and 8, relative to controls and pre-intervention. Conclusion: We found some evidence for improvements in reactive control via brain measures, attributed to engagement in the acting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajesh
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Tony Noice
- Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Helga Noice
- Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Jahn
- fMRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wendy Heller
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Li B, Bi J, Wei C, Sha F. Specific Activities and the Trajectories of Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1039-1050. [PMID: 33646157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How specific activities influence cognitive decline among different age groups, especially the late middle-aged and the early old, remains inadequately studied. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between specific activities with trajectories of cognitive functions in different age groups in China. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Mixed effects growth models were applied to analyze the association between specific activities and cognitive functions. RESULTS Interacting with friends (infrequent: β= 0.13, confidence interval [CI] = 0.03 to 0.22; daily: β= 0.19, CI = 0.09 to 0.28), playing Mah-jong or other games (infrequent: β= 0.12, CI = 0.02 to 0.22; daily:β= 0.26, CI = 0.10 to 0.42), infrequent providing help to others (β= 0.24, CI = 0.11 to 0.37), and going to a sport (infrequent: β= 0.31, CI = 0.08 to 0.54); daily: β= 0.22, CI = 0.05 to 0.38) are significantly associated with participants' memory. Infrequently playing Mah-jong or other games (β= 0.30, CI = 0.17 to 0.43) and daily sports (β= 0.24, CI = 0.03 to 0.45) are significantly associated with better mental status. Effect of each activity varies among population of different age, education level, gender, and residence. CONCLUSION This study identifies four social activities that are associated with better cognitive functions, and provides a comprehensive, in-depth understanding on the specific protective effect of each activity among different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Li
- Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiefeng Bi
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Wei
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Liu Y, Lachman ME. Education and Cognition in Middle Age and Later Life: The Mediating Role of Physical and Cognitive Activity. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:e93-e104. [PMID: 30955036 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although educational attainment is related to cognitive function in later life, little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study assessed the independent mediating effects of two behavioral variables, physical and cognitive activity, on the association between educational attainment and cognitive function and change. METHODS Data were derived from the three waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Predictors (educational attainment) were from the 1995 baseline, mediators (physical and cognitive activities) were from the 2004 wave, and outcomes (cognitive function) were from the 2004 and 2013 waves. Conditional process modeling was applied using PROCESS in SPSS. RESULTS There were both direct and indirect effects of educational attainment on level and change of executive function (EF) and episodic memory (EM). Physical activity and cognitive activity were both significant mediators for cognitive level. For mediators of change, however, cognitive activity was significant for EF and physical activity was significant for EM. DISCUSSION Physical and cognitive activity are discussed as possible factors for protecting against cognitive decline in later life. The findings have implications for advancing supportive policies and practices related to maximizing the benefits of education and physical and cognitive activities for cognition in middle age and later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Margie E Lachman
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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Kobayashi T, Tani Y, Kino S, Fujiwara T, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Prospective Study of Engagement in Leisure Activities and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Japanese Adults. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:245-253. [PMID: 33551388 PMCID: PMC9086310 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engagement in leisure activities among older people is associated with a lower risk of mortality. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the difference of associations with mortality risk among multiple types of leisure activities. Methods We examined prospectively the association of engagement in leisure activities with all-cause mortality in a cohort of older Japanese adults. The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study included 48,216 participants aged 65 years or older. During a mean follow-up period of 5.6 years, we observed 5,575 deaths (11.6%). We investigated the total number of leisure activities, as well as combinations of 25 different leisure activities with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results We found a linear relationship between the total number of leisure activities and mortality hazard (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92–0.95). Furthermore, engagement in leisure activities involving physical activity, as well as group-based interactions, showed the strongest associations with lowered mortality. By contrast, engagement in cultural leisure activities and solitary leisure activities were not associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion Although we cannot rule out residual confounding, our findings suggest that encouraging engagement in physically-active group-based leisure activities may promote longevity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shiho Kino
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
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30
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Mao C, Li ZH, Lv YB, Gao X, Kraus VB, Zhou JH, Wu XB, Shi WY, Li FR, Liu SM, Yin ZX, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Specific Leisure Activities and Cognitive Functions Among the Oldest-Old: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:739-746. [PMID: 30946444 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of specific leisure activities in affecting cognitive functions. We aim to examine the associations of specific leisure activities with the risk of cognitive impairment among oldest-old people in China. METHODS This community-based prospective cohort study included 10,741 cognitively normal Chinese individuals aged 80 years or older (median age 88 years) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the effects of specific leisure activities on cognitive impairment outcome. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 3.4 years (41,760 person-years), 2,894 participants developed cognitive impairment. Compared to those who "never" engaged in watching TV or listening to radio, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong, those who engaged in such activities "almost every day" reduced their risk of cognitive impairment, the fully-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.56 (0.51-0.61), 0.64 (0.53-0.78), and 0.70 (0.56-0.86), respectively. The association between the risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to the radio, playing cards or mah-jong, and reading books or newspapers were stronger among those who had two or more years of education. Moreover, the association between risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to radio was stronger in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a greater frequency of TV watching or radio listening, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment among the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jin-Hui Zhou
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ying Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zhao-Xue Yin
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the study of Aging and Human Development and the Geriatric Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Study of Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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31
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Iizuka A, Suzuki H, Ogawa S, Takahashi T, Murayama S, Kobayashi M, Fujiwara Y. Association between the frequency of daily intellectual activities and cognitive domains: A cross-sectional study in older adults with complaints of forgetfulness. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01923. [PMID: 33145970 PMCID: PMC7821585 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frequent engagement in intellectual activities has been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia. The present study sought to examine the association between the frequency of daily intellectual activities and cognitive domains in older adults with complaints of forgetfulness. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of regional health examination in Tokyo from 2014 to 2016. A total of 436 participants were asked the frequency of intellectual activities in four categories: 1) reading, 2) writing, 3) using technology, and 4) watching TV and listening to the radio. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) scale was used for the cognitive assessments. The relationships between MoCA-J scores and each intellectual activity were explored. RESULTS Binominal logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequencies of reading, writing, and using technology were significantly related to the language and attention, language, and memory domains, respectively, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the frequency of daily intellectual activities differed depending on the activity type, and each activity was related to a specific cognitive domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Iizuka
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Ogawa
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoya Takahashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Sachiko Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
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32
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Television Viewing and Cognitive Dysfunction of Korean Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040547. [PMID: 33321807 PMCID: PMC7763643 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the association between television (TV) viewing and cognitive dysfunction in elderly Koreans. Among participants of the 2014 National Survey of Older Koreans, 9644 were considered in this study. To better identify the association between two factors, propensity score (PS) matching with exact method was used. Finally, 168 viewers and non-viewers each were selected based on estimated PS on key variables and eliminating double matches. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed when controlling for possible covariates. Viewers were more likely to have cognitive dysfunction than non-viewers, with significant differences in most covariates. After correcting confounding effects of these covariates with PS matching, TV viewing was found to be a significant risk factor of cognitive dysfunction, along with absence of diagnosed hypertension and non-participation in physical leisure activities. TV viewing might be associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in later life. Appropriate education and strategies to minimize TV viewing among older adults should be established to contribute to attenuating cognitive aging. More interventional studies can help older adults, caregivers, and healthcare professionals explore the cognitively beneficial alternatives to TV use considering the impact of socioeconomic factors of selecting TV viewing as a preferred leisure activity.
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Zhao D, Li J, Fu P, Hao W, Yuan Y, Yu C, Jing Z, Wang Y, Zhou C. What Role Does Activity Engagement Play in the Association between Cognitive Frailty and Falls among Older Adults? Evidence from Rural Shandong, China. Gerontology 2020; 66:593-602. [PMID: 33045703 DOI: 10.1159/000510639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between cognitive frailty and falls among older adults. Activity engagement (AE) is known to be related to falls in older adults but the subject has been limited to empirical study. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of AE between cognitive frailty and falls among older adults in rural Shandong, China. METHODS A total of 3,242 rural seniors (age ≥60 years; 63.6% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Regression and bootstrap analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of AE between cognitive frailty and falls. RESULTS The prevalence of falls was 13.1% and the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 6.6% among the participants. AE mediated the association between cognitive frailty and falls (95% CI 0.077-0.223). However, the direct effect was no longer significant after being adjusted for AE (95% CI -0.037 to 0.684; p = 0.078). CONCLUSION Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with falls among rural older adults, and AE mediated this association. More attention should be paid to promote AE among Chinese rural older adults with cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yemin Yuan
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Caiting Yu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengyue Jing
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,
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Evans IEM, Martyr A, Collins R, Brayne C, Clare L. Social Isolation and Cognitive Function in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:S119-S144. [PMID: 30372678 PMCID: PMC6700717 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence to suggest that social isolation may be associated with poor cognitive function in later life. However, findings are inconsistent and there is wide variation in the measures used to assess social isolation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between social isolation and cognitive function in later life. METHODS A search for longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between aspects of social isolation (including social activity and social networks) and cognitive function (including global measures of cognition, memory, and executive function) was conducted in PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, and AgeLine. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall association between measures of social isolation and cognitive function. Sub-analyses investigated the association between different aspects of social isolation and each of the measures of cognitive function. RESULTS Sixty-five articles were identified by the systematic review and 51 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Low levels of social isolation characterized by high engagement in social activity and large social networks were associated with better late-life cognitive function (r = 0.054, 95% CI: 0.043, 0.065). Sub-analyses suggested that the association between social isolation and measures of global cognitive function, memory, and executive function were similar and there was no difference according to gender or number of years follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Aspects of social isolation are associated with cognitive function in later life. There is wide variation in approaches to measuring social activity and social networks across studies which may contribute to inconsistencies in reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel E M Evans
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Martyr
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel Collins
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Centre for Research Excellence in Promoting Cognitive Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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35
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Yan Z, Zou X, Hou X. Combined Factors for Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Population Aged 75 Years and Older: From a Behavioral Perspective. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2217. [PMID: 33013576 PMCID: PMC7511510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To unravel the combined effect of risk and protective factors that may contribute to preserve or impair cognitive status, this prospective cohort study systematically investigated a cluster of factors in elders aged 75 years and older from Guangxi Longitudinal Cohort (GLC) dataset. GLC has tracked 630 oldest-elders for two times within 2 years and will continue to follow two times in the next 4 years. At baseline geriatric assessment, sociodemographic information (e.g., education, Mandarin, marriage, and income), physical status [body mass index (BMI), chronic disease/medicine], lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol, and exercise), and self-rated mental health (self-care, well-being, anxiety) were recorded by online interview. With 2 years' follow-up, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and memory test were performed through person-to-person interview. The performance of MMSE was applied to represent the responder's cognitive status which classified into cognitive impairment and normal group based on a cutoff point of 20. An age-related cognitive declining trend of 15 stratified factors was observed, though with a small effect size (R-square: 0.001-0.15). The odds of exposure or non-exposure on factors (memory, self-care, exercise, income, education, and literacy) had a significantly different effect on cognitive impairment through multivariate analysis after adjusting other confounding variables. Through stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, the following 12 factors/index would be integrated to predict cognitive impairment: gender, physical health factors (BMI, chronic disease), socioeconomic and lifestyle factors (education, literacy, Mandarin, marriage, income, and exercise), and psychological health factors (memory, self-care cognition, and anxiety). Related clinical and nursing applications were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Yan
- Psychology Department, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Guangxi College for Preschool Education, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Psychology Department, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Pérez-Loyda M, Ramírez-Barajas L, Hernández-Ladrón-deGuevara M, Nava-Chaparro A, Ruiz-Velasco S. Predictors of Working Memory Maintenance and Decline in Older Adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104074. [PMID: 32416462 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with the gradual decline of several cognitive functions, and working memory is particularly affected. Although the majority of older adults experience a deterioration of their working memory, some individuals maintain their working memory in older age, and some suffer an extreme deterioration of their working memory. The purpose of the present study was to identify, among a total of 120 potential predictors, those that significantly contributed to these two extreme outcomes in working memory. A sample of 588 healthy adults was examined with the n-back task in the spatial and verbal domains using a 2-back level of difficulty. Individuals were classified as working memory maintainers or decliners if their discrimination level in the two domains was superior to the 80th percentile or inferior to the 20th percentile, respectively. Logistic regression identified eight and six significant predictors of working memory maintenance and decline, respectively. High vocabulary scores and smoking more were significant predictors of working memory maintenance; however, in the opposite direction, these same variables predicted working memory decline. Several consumption habits that influenced cerebrovascular function were found in both models. Psychological traits and everyday activities were present in both models. We identified specific predictors that contribute to extremely high or low working memory performance in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez-Loyda
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Liuba Ramírez-Barajas
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Aidé Nava-Chaparro
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Department o Probability and Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Sedentary behaviour surveillance in Canada: trends, challenges and lessons learned. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:34. [PMID: 32151285 PMCID: PMC7063715 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Historical changes in the nature of sedentary activities have been observed in other countries, but it is not clear if similar trends exist in Canada. It is also unclear how changes in the measurement of sedentary behaviour affects national estimates. Our objective is to document all sources and measures of sedentary behaviour from Canadian, nationally representative surveys, and report on selected estimates of time spent in sedentary activities. Lessons learned can benefit the wider international surveillance community. Methods We describe and document all data sources of sedentary behaviour at the national level in Canada, and report on selected prevalence data from repeated cross-sectional surveys. We summarize amounts of total device-assessed sedentary time and self-reported sedentary activities (e.g., passive travel, leisure television, computer, video games, screen, and reading) by age group over time. Results Nineteen national surveys were identified. Changes in questions and/or response categories precluded direct assessment of trends over time for some measures; however, certain trends were observed. Accelerometer-measured sedentary time, leisure reading (among those < 50 years) and television/video viewing in younger age groups have remained relatively stable (with a possible slight decline in television/video viewing). Time spent in passive travel and leisure computer and electronic device use appears to have increased. Television and video viewing appears to have increased in older adults while their leisure reading appears to have fallen. Conclusions Changes in measurement of sedentary behaviour can affect estimates and reduce comparability over time. Total leisure screen use appears to have increased over time, reflecting the ways in which Canadians spend their free time and technological advances. The main public health message is the need for continued efforts to reduce leisure screen use, especially among youth and older adults.
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Wang X, Lu Y, Li C, Larbi A, Feng L, Shen Q, Chong MS, Lim WS, Feng L. Associations of lifestyle activities and a heathy diet with frailty in old age: a community-based study in Singapore. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:288-308. [PMID: 31896738 PMCID: PMC6977658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related state characterized by a reduced physiological reserve, and is associated with adverse health outcomes in the elderly. We analyzed the data from 895 adults aged 60 years and above, and investigated the relationships between midlife and late-life social activities, intellectual activities, working hours, and dietary habits and frailty status. Participation in social or intellectual activities in late life was less prevalent among those who were frail than among those who were robust. A greater proportion of those who were frail had worked long hours in midlife. After adjustment for confounders, participating in social activities or intellectual activities in late life was associated with a reduced risk for prefrailty and frailty, while working long hours in midlife was associated with a higher risk for frailty. The risk of frailty decreased with increasing healthy diet scores in midlife and late life. When the results were stratified by gender, late-life participation in social activities and midlife or late-life participation in intellectual activities correlated negatively with prefrailty/frailty only in women. Our study suggests that social and intellectual activities are inversely associated with frailty status, but the association seems to differ based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Liang Feng
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Xuzhou Oriental people's Hospital, China
| | | | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore
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Komatsu M, Obayashi K, Tomioka K, Morikawa M, Jojima N, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N, Saeki K. The interaction effect between physical and cultural leisure activities on the subsequent decline of instrumental ADL: the Fujiwara-kyo study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:71. [PMID: 31787072 PMCID: PMC6886184 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and social role (SR) is crucial to keep independent life because the decline in SR and IADL was a significant predictor of dependence in basic ADL in later. The independent effect of physical and cultural leisure activities and their effect modification on the IADL remains unknown. Methods We prospectively observed 3241 elderly with intact IADL at baseline for 5 years. Higher level functional capacity such as IADL and SR was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of competence (TMIG index). Results The mean age of the participants was 72.3 years (standard deviation 5.1), and 46.9% were male, and 90.9% of them received a follow-up assessment. Of the participants, 10.4% developed an IADL decline. Engagement in leisure physical activity was associated with a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (adjusted risk ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.89), and cultural leisure activity was also associated with lower risk of IADL decline (adjusted risk ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.95) independent of potential confounders. We also found significant and positive interaction between physical and cultural leisure activities at risk for IADL decline (P = 0.024) and SR decline (P = 0.004). Conclusions We found an independent association of physical and cultural leisure activities with a lower risk for functional decline in IADL and SR with positive interaction. Combined engagement in physical and cultural activities may effectively prevent from IADL decline and SR decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Komatsu
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho, Kashiharashi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho, Kashiharashi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Jojima
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Nozomi Okamoto
- Department of School Psychology, Development Science & Health Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho, Kashiharashi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijocho, Kashiharashi, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
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Spartano NL, Demissie S, Himali JJ, Dukes KA, Murabito JM, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Accelerometer-determined physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults from two generations of the Framingham Heart Study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:618-626. [PMID: 31660424 PMCID: PMC6807299 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) may play a role in maintenance of cognitive function in both middle and older ages and prevention of outcomes such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Cross-sectional regression analyses were performed in Framingham Heart Study Third Generation (n = 1861) and Offspring (n = 909) cohort participants assessing the association of accelerometry-measured PA with cognitive function, adjusting for age, sex, accelerometer wear time, education, occupational status/PA, and smoking status. RESULTS In each cohort, achieving just 10-21.4 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA related to better executive function (P < .02); and just 10 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with better verbal memory in middle-aged adults in the Third Generation cohort (P = .02). In older adults of the Offspring cohort, total PA (measured in steps/day) was associated with better executive function (P < .02). DISCUSSION PA at levels lower than the current PA Guidelines (just 10 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA including lower intensity PA) were associated with better cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Spartano
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Dukes
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analysis Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Sharifian N, Gu Y, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Mayeux R, Brickman AM, Zahodne LB. Linking depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning: The mediating role of leisure activity. Neuropsychology 2019; 34:107-115. [PMID: 31448942 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Greater depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older adulthood, but it is not clear what underlying factors drive this association. One behavioral pathway through which depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognitive functioning is through activity engagement. Prior research has independently linked greater depressive symptoms to both lower leisure and physical activity and independently linked both lower leisure and physical activity to lower cognition. Therefore, depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognition by reducing engagement in beneficial leisure and/or physical activities that help to maintain cognition. METHODS The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, leisure activity, physical activity, and global cognitive functioning using longitudinal data from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (n = 5,458 older adults). A multilevel structural equation model estimated the between-person and within-person effects of depressive symptoms on global cognition through leisure and physical activity. RESULTS Leisure activity, but not physical activity, mediated the association between depressive symptoms and global cognition between- and within-persons. When individuals reported high depressive symptoms, they also reported fewer leisure activities, which was associated with lower global cognition. CONCLUSION These findings highlight behavioral pathways through which depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognitive functioning. Findings support the view that perhaps depressive symptoms act as a risk factor for cognitive impairment by reducing leisure activity engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
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Hussin NM, Shahar S, Yahya HM, Din NC, Singh DKA, Omar MA. Incidence and predictors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within a multi-ethnic Asian populace: a community-based longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1159. [PMID: 31438929 PMCID: PMC6704715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available from longitudinal studies regarding the predictors and incidence of MCI in older Asian adults. Thus, a community-based longitudinal study was conducted to determine the incidence of MCI among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia. The role of health and lifestyle as predictors of MCI was also examined. METHODS Analysis of data obtained from the Towards Useful Aging (TUA) study (2014-2016), wave 1 (baseline) and wave 2 (1½ years of follow-up) was conducted. For the baseline, comprehensive, interview-based questionnaires were administered to 1227 subjects who were 60 years old and above. MCI is a unique transitional state between normal ageing and dementia. MCI characteristics include a decline and disturbance of cognition, minimal impairment of complex activities, ability to perform regular daily functions, and absence of dementia. The incidence of MCI was assessed using comprehensive neuropsychological batteries. The study then performed a logistic regression analysis to examine the effect of each possible predictor of MCI. This analysis began with univariate analyses and a separate review of the effect of every variable. Binary logistic analyses followed hereafter. RESULTS During the follow-up after 1½ years, 179 (14.6%) of the participants who did not exhibit MCI at baseline were observed to have developed MCI. Among the participants who did not exhibit MCI at baseline, the incidence rate was 10.5 per 100 person-years. Male sex and lack of engagement in mental activities were predictors of MCI among participants without MCI at baseline. CONCLUSION After the 1½-year follow-up, the incidence rate for MCI was considerably high among the respondents. Being male and being less engaged in mental activities were predictors of the occurrence of MCI. Mental activities need to be promoted for the prevention of MCI incidence among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlela Mohd Hussin
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hanis Mastura Yahya
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Centre of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Centre of Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Jalan Bangsar, Federal Hill, 59000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Social Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Community-based Longitudinal Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:799-806. [PMID: 27194753 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether social participation (SP) by older individuals is associated with cognitive decline (CD). Method Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older with both independent activities of daily living and normal cognitive performance at baseline (2,768 men and 3,325 women). CD was evaluated using the Cognitive Performance Scale. Logistic regression analysis stratified by gender was used to examine CD in relation to SP, with nonparticipation as reference. Age, family, body mass index, pensions, comorbidities, medications, alcohol, smoking, depression, self-rated health, and instrumental activities of daily living were used as covariates. Results During the 3-year follow-up, 16.7% of eligible participants reported CD. After covariate adjustments, greater social group participation was associated with CD prevention for women only. Lessened negative CD effects were found in respondents active in these particular types of social outlets: neighborhood associations (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.99) and local event groups (0.79, 0.63-0.99) for men, and hobby groups (0.70, 0.54-0.91) and volunteer groups (0.66, 0.45-0.96) for women. Discussion Our results suggest that greater social group participation prevents CD in women, while the beneficial effect of each type of SP on cognition differs between genders. Determining which types of social groups are best for community-dwelling older people's participation based on gender may help them maintain their cognitive functioning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Skylar-Scott IA, Wilson RS, Amariglio RE. Frequency, number, and timing of mental activity and risk of mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2019; 93:237-238. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lee Y, Chi I, A Palinkas L. Widowhood, leisure activity engagement, and cognitive function among older adults. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:771-780. [PMID: 29634291 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1450837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maintaining cognitive function is an essential aspect of successful aging. Widowhood is a salient life transition that can affect older adults' cognitive function. Leisure engagement has received increasing attention because it is still modifiable in later life to help prevent cognitive decline. Nonetheless, limited longitudinal studies have examined how widowhood influences cognitive function, and even fewer studies have tested the role of leisure activities in this relationship. METHOD This study delineated the mechanism of widowhood, leisure activity engagement, and cognitive function among older adults using a national longitudinal dataset, the Health and Retirement Study, and its supplementary dataset, the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey, which repeatedly measured individuals' leisure activity engagement. RESULTS Findings showed no significant association between widowhood and cognitive function during a 4-year period. However, engagement in mental activities moderated the impact of widowhood on cognitive function. Specifically, the benefit of mental activity engagement on cognition was more pronounced among individuals who were recently widowed compared to those who were married. This implies a protective role of mental activities in the relationship between widowhood and cognitive function. CONCLUSION Interventions with mentally stimulating activities at the community level to retain cognition among individuals in early phase widowhoodare suggested. Future studies are necessary to explore whether other factors such as changes in physical and mental health and intergenerational support from adult children during widowhood may further influence this mechanism among widowhood, leisure activities, and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- a Department of Social Work , Helen Bader School of Social Welfare , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , Wisconsin, United States
| | - Iris Chi
- b Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Lawrence A Palinkas
- b Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , United States
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Fostick L. Card playing enhances speech perception among aging adults: comparison with aging musicians. Eur J Ageing 2019; 16:481-489. [PMID: 31798372 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-019-00512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech perception and auditory processing have been shown to be enhanced among aging musicians as compared to non-musicians. In the present study, the aim was to test whether these functions are also enhanced among those who are engaged in a non-musical mentally challenging leisure activity (card playing). Three groups of 23 aging adults, aged 60-80 years, were recruited for the study: Musicians, Card players, and Controls. Participants were matched for age, gender, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III Matrix Reasoning, and Digit Span scores. Their performance was measured using auditory spectral and spatial temporal order judgment tests, and four tasks of speech perception in conditions of: no background noise, background noise of speech frequencies, background noise of white noise, and 60% compressed speech. Musicians were better in auditory and speech perception than the other two groups. Card players were similar to Controls in auditory perception tasks, but were better in the speech perception tasks. Non-musician aging adults may be able to improve their speech perception ability by engaging in leisure activity requiring cognitive effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fostick
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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47
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Fancourt D, Steptoe A. Television viewing and cognitive decline in older age: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2851. [PMID: 30820029 PMCID: PMC6395805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the effects of television on cognition in children, but much less research has been carried out into the effects in older adults. This study aimed to explore whether television viewing behaviours in adults aged 50 or over are associated with a decline in cognition. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging involving 3,662 adults aged 50+, we used multivariate linear regression models to explore longitudinal associations between baseline television watching (2008/2009) and cognition 6 years later (2014/2015) while controlling for demographic factors, socio-economic status, depression, physical health, health behaviours and a range of other sedentary behaviours. Watching television for more than 3.5 hours per day is associated with a dose-response decline in verbal memory over the following six years, independent of confounding variables. These results are found in particular amongst those with better cognition at baseline and are robust to a range of sensitivity analyses exploring reverse causality, differential non-response and stability of television viewing. Watching television is not longitudinally associated with changes in semantic fluency. Overall our results provide preliminary data to suggest that television viewing for more than 3.5 hours per day is related to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Fancourt
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Psychosocial Factors and Leisure Perception of the Elder in Two Districts Central Java Indonesia. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-018-9339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sörman DE, Ljungberg JK, Rönnlund M. Reading Habits Among Older Adults in Relation to Level and 15-Year Changes in Verbal Fluency and Episodic Recall. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1872. [PMID: 30319520 PMCID: PMC6171467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate reading habits in older adults in relation to level and 15-year changes in verbal fluency and episodic recall. We examined a sample of 1157 participants (≥55 years at baseline) up to 15 years after the baseline assessment using latent growth curve modeling of cognitive measures with baseline reading frequency (books, weekly magazines) as a predictor of cognitive level (intercept) and rate of change (slope). Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the role of an early adult g factor in the association between reading habits and cognitive ability in midlife. Frequent reading of books, but not of magazines, was associated with higher levels of verbal fluency and recall but unrelated to rate of longitudinal decline. Subgroup analyses indicated that the g factor in early adulthood predicted reading and cognitive level in midlife and this factor removed the current association between reading habits and level of cognitive ability (both cognitive factors). The results indicate an enduring relationship between book reading and level of cognitive ability across the adult life span and provide little support of the hypothesis that frequent reading protects against late-life cognitive decline. The extent to which book reading promotes cognitive functioning in childhood/youth remains to be demonstrated. Intervention studies may be useful in this regard.
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50
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Life transitions and leisure activity engagement among older Americans: findings from a national longitudinal study. AGEING & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x18001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOne of the major aspects of successful ageing is active engagement in later life. Retirement and widowhood are two significant life transitions that may largely influence leisure engagement patterns among older adults. Limited findings exist regarding the impact of life transitions on leisure activity engagement due to the scarcity of longitudinal data with repeated measurement of older individuals’ leisure engagement. This study longitudinally examined changes in leisure activity engagement as influenced by retirement and widowhood using five waves of national panel data from the Health and Retirement Study and its supplementary Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Multi-level modelling was conducted with retirement and widowhood status as time-varying variables. Socio-economic status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, self-rated health and functional limitations were also included as time-varying and time-invariant covariates. Findings show that engagement in mental, physical, social and household activities significantly decreased during an eight-year period. Moreover, transition from working to retired status was associated with increased engagement in mental, social and household activities but decreased engagement in physical activities among men only. Transition from married to widowhood status was associated with decreased engagement in household activities among women only. Encouraging active leisure engagement among individuals who experience either or both life transitions may help maintain their health after transition.
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