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Hao XD, Liu JX, Zhang JS. Longevity factor FOXO3a: A potential therapeutic target for age-related ocular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 350:122769. [PMID: 38848943 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a) belongs to the subgroup O of the forkhead transcription factor family and plays an important role in regulating the aging process by participating in the regulation of various life processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. The eye is an organ that is affected by aging earlier. However, the functional role and potential clinical applications of FOXO3a in age-related eye diseases have not received widespread attention and lacked comprehensive and clear clarification. In this review, we demonstrated the relationship between FOXO3a and visual system health, summarized the functional roles of FOXO3a in various eye diseases, and potential ocular-related therapies and drugs targeting FOXO3a in visual system diseases through a review and summary of relevant literature. This review indicates that FOXO3a is an important factor in maintaining the normal function of various tissues in the eye, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of ophthalmic-related diseases. Based on its vital role in the normal function of the visual system, FOXO3a has potential clinical application value in related ophthalmic diseases. At present, multiple molecules and drugs targeting FOXO3a have been reported to have the potential for the treatment of related ophthalmic diseases, but further clinical trials are needed. In conclusion, this review can facilitate us to grasp the role of FOXO3a in the visual system and provide new views and bases for the treatment strategy research of age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Jin-Xiu Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing-Sai Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Küchlin S, Ihorst G, Heinrich SP, Márquez Neila P, Albrecht P, Hug MJ, Diem R, Lagrèze WA. Disease Course of Clinically Isolated Optic Neuritis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200223. [PMID: 38588480 PMCID: PMC11010245 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optic neuritis is the most common optic neuropathy in young adults and a frequent manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Its clinical course is pertinent to the design of visual pathway neuroprotection trials. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the TONE trial, which included 103 patients from 12 German academic tertiary centers with acute unilateral optic neuritis as a clinically isolated syndrome and baseline high-contrast visual acuity <0.5 decimal. Patients were randomized to 1,000 mg methylprednisolone i.v./d plus either erythropoietin (33,000 IU/d) or placebo (saline solution) for 3 days. They were followed up at standardized intervals with a battery of tests including high-contrast visual acuity, low-contrast letter acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, visual evoked potentials, and retinal optical coherence tomography. At 6 months, participants answered a standardized questionnaire on vision-related quality of life (NEI-VFQ 25). We describe the disease course with mixed-effects piecewise linear models and calculate structure-function correlations using Pearson r. Because erythropoietin had no effect on the visual system, we use pooled (treatment-agnostic) data. RESULTS Patients experienced initial rapid and then decelerating improvements of visual function with thinning of inner and thickening of outer retinal layers. At 6 months, visual parameters were positively correlated with inner and negatively correlated with outer retinal thickness changes. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning predominantly occurred in sectors without previous swelling. At 6 months, macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning was weakly correlated with the P100 peak time (r = -0.11) and moderately correlated with the amplitude of visual evoked potentials (r = 0.35). Only functional outcomes were at least moderately correlated with vision-related quality of life. DISCUSSION The longitudinal data from this large study cohort may serve as a reference for the clinical course of acute optic neuritis. The pattern of correlation between visual evoked potentials and inner retinal thinning may argue that the latter is mostly due to ganglion cell loss, rather than dysfunction. Visual pathway neuroprotection trials with functional outcomes are needed to confirm that candidate drugs will benefit patients' vision-related quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01962571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Küchlin
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ihorst
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven P Heinrich
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Márquez Neila
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin J Hug
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf A Lagrèze
- From the Eye Center (S.K., S.P.H., W.A.L.); Clinical Trials Unit (G.I.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; ARTOG (P.M.N.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics Mönchengladbach; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Pharmacy (M.J.H.), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; and Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (R.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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Bellucci G, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Rinaldi V, Bigi R, Mechelli R, Romano S, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Disentangling multiple sclerosis phenotypes through Mendelian disorders: A network approach. Mult Scler 2024; 30:325-335. [PMID: 38333907 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing knowledge about multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology has reinforced the need for an improved description of disease phenotypes, connected to disease biology. Growing evidence indicates that complex diseases constitute phenotypical and genetic continuums with "simple," monogenic disorders, suggesting shared pathomechanisms. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to depict a novel MS phenotypical framework leveraging shared physiopathology with Mendelian diseases and to identify phenotype-specific candidate drugs. METHODS We performed an enrichment testing of MS-associated variants with Mendelian disorders genes. We defined a "MS-Mendelian network," further analyzed to define enriched phenotypic subnetworks and biological processes. Finally, a network-based drug screening was implemented. RESULTS Starting from 617 MS-associated loci, we showed a significant enrichment of monogenic diseases (p < 0.001). We defined an MS-Mendelian molecular network based on 331 genes and 486 related disorders, enriched in four phenotypic classes: neurologic, immunologic, metabolic, and visual. We prioritized a total of 503 drugs, of which 27 molecules active in 3/4 phenotypical subnetworks and 140 in subnetwork pairs. CONCLUSION The genetic architecture of MS contains the seeds of pathobiological multiplicities shared with immune, neurologic, metabolic and visual monogenic disorders. This result may inform future classifications of MS endophenotypes and support the development of new therapies in both MS and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Bellucci
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Vasileiou ES, Fitzgerald KC. Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:481-496. [PMID: 37402064 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni S Vasileiou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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