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Tayran H, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Min Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Wang N, Jeong I, Nelson N, Kassara N, Cosacak MI, Dogru RM, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Stenersen JM, Reddy JS, Qiao M, Flaherty D, Gunasekaran TI, Yang Z, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Teich AF, Kanekiyo T, Tosto G, Vardarajan BN, İş Ö, Ertekin-Taner N, Mayeux R, Kizil C. ABCA7-dependent induction of neuropeptide Y is required for synaptic resilience in Alzheimer's disease through BDNF/NGFR signaling. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100642. [PMID: 39216475 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants in ABCA7, an Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated gene, elevate AD risk, yet its functional relevance to the etiology is unclear. We generated a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated abca7 knockout zebrafish to explore ABCA7's role in AD. Single-cell transcriptomics in heterozygous abca7+/- knockout combined with Aβ42 toxicity revealed that ABCA7 is crucial for neuropeptide Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) expressions, which are crucial for synaptic integrity, astroglial proliferation, and microglial prevalence. Impaired NPY induction decreased BDNF and synaptic density, which are rescuable with ectopic NPY. In induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human neurons exposed to Aβ42, ABCA7-/- suppresses NPY. Clinical data showed reduced NPY in AD correlated with elevated Braak stages, genetic variants in NPY associated with AD, and epigenetic changes in NPY, NGFR, and BDNF promoters linked to ABCA7 variants. Therefore, ABCA7-dependent NPY signaling via BDNF-NGFR maintains synaptic integrity, implicating its impairment in increased AD risk through reduced brain resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Tayran
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Inyoung Jeong
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nastasia Nelson
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nada Kassara
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruya Merve Dogru
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jakob Mørkved Stenersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Min Qiao
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delaney Flaherty
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zikun Yang
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew F Teich
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Caghan Kizil
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Gao Y, Wang R, Mou K, Zhang Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Yang F, Gao Y, Wang X, Bao L, Zhang J, Chen Q, Yin H, Zhang M. Association of outer retinal and choroidal alterations with neuroimaging and clinical features in posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:187. [PMID: 39160571 PMCID: PMC11331764 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare condition characterized by early-onset and progressive visual impairment. Individuals with PCA have relatively early-onset and progressive dementia, posing certain needs for early detection. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association of alterations in outer retinal and choroidal structure and microvasculature with PCA neuroimaging and clinical features and the possible effects of apolipoprotein E(APOE) ε4 allele on outer retinal and choroidal alterations in participants with PCA, to detect potential ocular biomarkers for PCA screening. METHODS This cross-sectional study included PCA and age- and sex-matched healthy control participants from June 2022 to December 2023. All participants with PCA completed a comprehensive neurological evaluation. All participants were recorded baseline information and underwent an ophthalmic evaluation. Quantitative analyses were performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and angiography (SS-OCTA). Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) was performed in some patients. In participants with PCA, the influence of APOE ε4 on outer retinal and choroidal alterations and the correlation of outer retinal and choroidal alterations with PCA neuroimaging and clinical features in participants with PCA were investigated. RESULTS A total of 28 participants (53 eyes) with PCA and 56 healthy control participants (112 eyes) were included in the current study. Compared with healthy control participants, participants with PCA had significantly reduced outer retinal thickness (ORT) (p < 0.001), choriocapillaris vessel density (VD) (p = 0.007), choroidal vascular index (CVI) (p = 0.005) and choroidal vascular volume (CVV) (p = 0.003). In participants with PCA, APOE ε4 carriers showed thinner ORT (p = 0.009), and increased choriocapillaris VD (p = 0.004) and CVI (p = 0.004). The PCA neuroimaging features were positively associated with the ORT, CVI and CVV. Furthermore, differential correlations were observed of PCA clinical features with the CRT, CVV and CVI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the association of outer retinal and choroidal alterations with PCA neuroimaging and clinical features in participants with PCA. Noninvasive SS-OCT and SS-OCTA can provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of PCA, improving awareness of PCA syndrome among ophthalmologists, neurologists, and primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kefan Mou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyue Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Advanced Ophthalmology Laboratory (AOL), Robotrak Technologies, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Pina‐Escudero SD, La Joie R, Spina S, Hwang J, Miller ZA, Huang EJ, Grant H, Mundada NS, Boxer AL, Gorno‐Tempini ML, Rosen HJ, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Rabinovici GD, Grinberg LT. Comorbid neuropathology and atypical presentation of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12602. [PMID: 39040464 PMCID: PMC11262028 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes present with amnestic and nonamnestic (atypical) syndromes. The contribution of comorbid neuropathology as a substratum of atypical expression of AD remains under investigated. METHODS We examined whether atypical AD exhibited increased comorbid neuropathology compared to typical AD and if such neuropathologies contributed to the accelerated clinical decline in atypical AD. RESULTS We examined 60 atypical and 101 typical AD clinicopathological cases. The number of comorbid pathologies was similar between the groups (p = 0.09). Argyrophilic grain disease was associated with atypical presentation (p = 0.008) after accounting for sex, age of onset, and disease duration. Vascular brain injury was more common in typical AD (p = 0.022). Atypical cases had a steeper Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) decline over time (p = 0.033). DISCUSSION Comorbid neuropathological changes are unlikely to contribute to atypical AD presentation and the steeper cognitive decline seen in this cohort. Highlights Autopsy cohort of 60 atypical and 101 typical AD; does comorbid pathology explain atypical presentation?Atypical versus Typical AD: No significant differences in comorbid neuropathologies were found (p = 0.09).Argyrophilic Grain Disease Association: significantly correlates with atypical AD presentations, suggesting a unique neuropathological pattern (p = 0.008).Vascular Brain Injury Prevalence: Vascular brain injury is more common in typical AD than in atypical AD (p = 0.022).Cognitive Decline in Atypical AD: Atypical AD patients experience a steeper cognitive decline measured by MMSE than those with typical AD despite lacking more comorbid neuropathology, highlighting the severity of atypical AD pathogenesis (p = 0.033).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D. Pina‐Escudero
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ji‐Hye Hwang
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zachary A. Miller
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eric J. Huang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Harli Grant
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nidhi S. Mundada
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno‐Tempini
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloSao PauloBrazil
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Tayran H, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Min Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Nelson N, Kassara N, Cosacak MI, Dogru RM, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Reddy JS, Qiao M, Flaherty D, Teich AF, Gunasekaran TI, Yang Z, Tosto G, Vardarajan BN, İş Ö, Ertekin-Taner N, Mayeux R, Kizil C. ABCA7-dependent Neuropeptide-Y signalling is a resilience mechanism required for synaptic integrity in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573893. [PMID: 38260408 PMCID: PMC10802315 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex challenge characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Genetic variations have emerged as crucial players in the etiology of AD, enabling hope for a better understanding of the disease mechanisms; yet the specific mechanism of action for those genetic variants remain uncertain. Animal models with reminiscent disease pathology could uncover previously uncharacterized roles of these genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated a knockout model for abca7, orthologous to human ABCA7 - an established AD-risk gene. The abca7 +/- zebrafish showed reduced astroglial proliferation, synaptic density, and microglial abundance in response to amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42). Single-cell transcriptomics revealed abca7 -dependent neuronal and glial cellular crosstalk through neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling. The abca7 knockout reduced the expression of npy, bdnf and ngfra , which are required for synaptic integrity and astroglial proliferation. With clinical data in humans, we showed reduced NPY in AD correlates with elevated Braak stage, predicted regulatory interaction between NPY and BDNF , identified genetic variants in NPY associated with AD, found segregation of variants in ABCA7, BDNF and NGFR in AD families, and discovered epigenetic changes in the promoter regions of NPY, NGFR and BDNF in humans with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCA7 . These results suggest that ABCA7-dependent NPY signaling is required for synaptic integrity, the impairment of which generates a risk factor for AD through compromised brain resilience. Abstract Figure
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Ramos AA, Galiano-Castillo N, Machado L. Cognitive Functioning of Unaffected First-degree Relatives of Individuals With Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:659-674. [PMID: 36057684 PMCID: PMC10770217 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family history of LOAD and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. In this quantitative review, we provide the first meta-analysis on the cognitive profile of unaffected first-degree blood relatives of LOAD-affected individuals compared to controls without a family history of LOAD. A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed /MEDLINE, and Scopus. We fitted a three-level structural equation modeling meta-analysis to control for non-independent effect sizes. Heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were also investigated. Thirty-four studies enabled us to estimate 218 effect sizes across several cognitive domains. Overall, first-degree relatives (n = 4,086, mean age = 57.40, SD = 4.71) showed significantly inferior cognitive performance (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.08; p < .001) compared to controls (n = 2,388, mean age = 58.43, SD = 5.69). Specifically, controls outperformed first-degree relatives in language, visuospatial and verbal long-term memory, executive functions, verbal short-term memory, and verbal IQ. Among the first-degree relatives, APOE ɛ4 carriership was associated with more significant dysfunction in cognition (g = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.11; p < .001) compared to non-carriers (g = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.01; p = .04). Cognitive test type was significantly associated with between-group differences, accounting for 65% (R23 = .6499) of the effect size heterogeneity in the fitted regression model. No evidence of publication bias was found. The current findings provide support for mild but robust cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives of LOAD-affected individuals that appears to be moderated by cognitive domain, cognitive test type, and APOE ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Alex Ramos
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, CEP 80.215-901, Brazil.
| | - Noelia Galiano-Castillo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Faculty, "Cuidate" from Biomedical Group (BIO277), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), and Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Singh NA, Martin PR, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, Carrasquillo MM, Ertekin-Taner N, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL. APOE ε4 influences within and between network functional connectivity in posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3858-3866. [PMID: 36999481 PMCID: PMC10523970 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 has shown greater predisposition to medial temporal involvement in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA). Little is known about its influence on memory network connectivity, a network comprised of medial temporal structures. METHODS Fifty-eight PCA and 82 LPA patients underwent structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bayesian hierarchical linear models assessed the influence of APOE ε4 on within and between-network connectivity for five networks. RESULTS APOE ε4 carriers showed reduced memory and language within-network connectivity in LPA and increased salience within-network connectivity in PCA compared to non-carriers. Between-network analysis showed evidence of reduced DMN connectivity in APOE ε4 carriers, with reduced DMN-to-salience and DMN-to-language network connectivity in PCA, and reduced DMN-to-visual network connectivity in LPA. DISCUSSION The APOE genotype influences brain connectivity, both within and between-networks, in atypical Alzheimer's disease. However, there was evidence that the modulatory effects of APOE differ across phenotype. HIGHLIGHTS APOE genotype is associated with reductions in within-network connectivity for the memory and language networks in LPA APOE genotype is associated with reductions in language-to-visual connectivity in LPA and PCA APOE genotype has no effect on the memory network in PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Martin
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Singh NA, Tosakulwong N, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, Pham NTT, Sintini I, Weigand SD, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Carrasquillo MM, Ertekin-Taner N, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL. APOE ε4 influences medial temporal atrophy and tau deposition in atypical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:784-796. [PMID: 35691047 PMCID: PMC9742387 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is an important genetic risk factor for typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), influencing brain volume and tau burden. Little is known about its influence in atypical presentations of AD. METHODS An atypical AD cohort of 140 patients diagnosed with either posterior cortical atrophy or logopenic progressive aphasia underwent magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Linear mixed effects models were fit to assess the influence of APOE ε4 on cross-sectional and longitudinal regional metrics. RESULTS At baseline, APOE ε4 carriers had smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes and greater tau standardized uptake volume ratio in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex compared to non-carriers while longitudinally, APOE ε4 non-carriers showed faster rates of atrophy and tau accumulation in the entorhinal cortex, with faster tau accumulation in the hippocampus. DISCUSSION APOE ε4 influences patterns of neurodegeneration and tau deposition and was associated with more medial temporal involvement, although there is evidence that non-carriers may be catching up over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Irene Sintini
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D. Weigand
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Fray S, Achouri-Rassas A, Belal S, Messaoud T. Missing apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele associated with nonamnestic Alzheimer’s disease in a Tunisian population. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abdul Aziz M, Md Ashraf G, Safiqul Islam M. Link of BIN1, CLU and IDE gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:302-316. [PMID: 35546756 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220511140955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder. The association of BIN1, CLU and IDE genetic polymorphisms with AD risk have been evaluated overtimes that produced conflicting outcomes. OBJECTIVE We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the contribution of BIN1 (rs744373 and rs7561528), CLU (rs11136000 and rs9331888), and IDE (rs1887922) polymorphisms to AD risk. METHODS From a systemic literature search up to July 15, 2021, we included 25 studies with rs744373, 16 studies with rs7561528, 37 studies with rs11136000, 16 studies with rs9331888, and 4 studies with rs1887922. To analyze the correlation, we constructed seven genetic models that used odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. We used RevMan 5.4 for meta-analysis. RESULTS Our study suggests that BIN1 rs744373 is associated with a significantly increased risk of AD in five genetic models (OR>1). Again, CLU rs11136000 showed reduced association in all genetic models (OR<1). CLU rs9331888 revealed an increased association in two models (OR>1). The IDE rs1887922 showed significantly increased risk in four models (OR>1). From subgroup analysis, a significantly increased risk of AD was observed in Caucasians and Asians for BIN1 rs744373. Again, BIN1 rs7561528 showed a significantly enhanced risk of AD only in Caucasians. CLU rs11136000 showed significantly reduced risk in Caucasians but rs9331888 showed increased risk in the same ethnicity. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis confirms the association of BIN1 rs744373, CLU rs9331888 and IDE rs1887922 polymorphisms with an increased risk of AD, especially in Caucasians. Again, CLU rs11136000 is associated with reduced AD risk in the overall population and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Exploratory Research on Key Technology of Human-Computer Interactive 2.5-Minute Fast Digital Early Warning for Mild Cognitive Impairment. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2495330. [PMID: 35392035 PMCID: PMC8983217 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2495330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. As the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by hidden onset, which is difficult to detect early. Traditional neuropsychological scales are main tools used for assessing MCI. However, due to its strong subjectivity and the influence of many factors such as subjects’ educational background, language and hearing ability, and time cost, its accuracy as the standard of early screening is low. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new key technology of fast digital early warning for MCI based on eye movement objective data analysis. Methodology. Firstly, four exploratory indexes (test durations, correlation degree, lengths of gaze trajectory, and drift rate) of MCI early warning are determined based on the relevant literature research and semistructured expert interview; secondly, the eye movement state is captured based on the eye tracker to realize the data extraction of four exploratory indexes. On this basis, the human-computer interactive 2.5-minute fast digital early warning paradigm for MCI is designed; thirdly, the rationality of the four early warning indexes proposed in this paper and their early warning effectiveness on MCI are verified. Results. Through the small sample test of human-computer interactive 2.5 fast digital early warning paradigm for MCI conducted by 32 elderly people aged 70–90 in a medical institution in Hangzhou, the two indexes of “correlation degree” and “drift rate” with statistical differences are selected. The experiment results show that AUC of this MCI early warning paradigm is 0.824. Conclusion. The key technology of human-computer interactive 2.5 fast digital early warning for MCI proposed in this paper overcomes the limitations of the existing MCI early warning tools, such as low objectification level, high dependence on professional doctors, long test time, requiring high educational level, and so on. The experiment results show that the early warning technology, as a new generation of objective and effective digital early warning tool, can realize 2.5-minute fast and high-precision preliminary screening and early warning for MCI in the elderly.
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11
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Frisoni GB, Altomare D, Thal DR, Ribaldi F, van der Kant R, Ossenkoppele R, Blennow K, Cummings J, van Duijn C, Nilsson PM, Dietrich PY, Scheltens P, Dubois B. The probabilistic model of Alzheimer disease: the amyloid hypothesis revised. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:53-66. [PMID: 34815562 PMCID: PMC8840505 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current conceptualization of Alzheimer disease (AD) is driven by the amyloid hypothesis, in which a deterministic chain of events leads from amyloid deposition and then tau deposition to neurodegeneration and progressive cognitive impairment. This model fits autosomal dominant AD but is less applicable to sporadic AD. Owing to emerging information regarding the complex biology of AD and the challenges of developing amyloid-targeting drugs, the amyloid hypothesis needs to be reconsidered. Here we propose a probabilistic model of AD in which three variants of AD (autosomal dominant AD, APOE ε4-related sporadic AD and APOE ε4-unrelated sporadic AD) feature decreasing penetrance and decreasing weight of the amyloid pathophysiological cascade, and increasing weight of stochastic factors (environmental exposures and lower-risk genes). Together, these variants account for a large share of the neuropathological and clinical variability observed in people with AD. The implementation of this model in research might lead to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, a revision of the current clinical taxonomy and accelerated development of strategies to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Cinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences; University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, IM2A, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975, INSERM, Paris, France
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12
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G N S HS, Marise VLP, Satish KS, Yergolkar AV, Krishnamurthy M, Ganesan Rajalekshmi S, Radhika K, Burri RR. Untangling huge literature to disinter genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101421. [PMID: 34371203 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is channeled towards unravelling key disease specific drug targets/genes to predict promising therapeutic candidates. Though enormous literature on AD genetics is available, there exists dearth in data pertinent to drug targets and crucial pathological pathways intertwined in disease progression. Further, the research findings revealing genetic associations failed to demonstrate consistency across different studies. This scenario prompted us to initiate a systematic review and meta-analysis with an aim of unearthing significant genetic hallmarks of AD. Initially, a Boolean search strategy was developed to retrieve case-control studies from PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Europe PMC, grey literature and HuGE navigator. Subsequently, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed to shortlist the relevant studies. These studies were later critically appraised using New Castle Ottawa Scale and Q-Genie followed by data extraction. Later, meta-analysis was performed only for those Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) which were evaluated in at least two different ethnicities from two different reports. Among, 204,351 studies retrieved, 820 met our eligibility criteria and 117 were processed for systematic review after critical appraisal. Ultimately, meta-analysis was performed for 23 SNPs associated with 15 genes which revealed significant associations of rs3865444 (CD33), rs7561528 (BIN1) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) with AD risk.
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13
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Whitwell JL, Tosakulwong N, Weigand SD, Graff-Radford J, Ertekin-Taner N, Machulda MM, Duffy JR, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Josephs KA. Relationship of APOE, age at onset, amyloid and clinical phenotype in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:90-98. [PMID: 34551374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although its relationship to age at onset and clinical phenotype is unclear. We aimed to assess relationships between APOE genotype and age at onset, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and typical versus atypical clinical presentations in AD. Frequency of APOE ε4 carriers by age at onset was assessed in 447 AD patients, 138 atypical AD patients recruited by the Neurodegenerative Research Group at Mayo Clinic, and 309 with typical AD from ADNI. APOE ε4 frequency increased with age at onset in atypical AD but showed a bell-shaped curve in typical AD where highest frequencies were observed between 65 and 70 years. Typical AD showed higher APOE ε4 frequencies than atypical AD only between the ages of 57 and 69 years. Global Aβ standard uptake value ratios did not differ according to APOE e4 status in either group. APOE genotype varies by both age at onset and clinical phenotype in AD, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph R Duffy
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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14
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Shea YF, Pan Y, Mak HKF, Bao Y, Lee SC, Chiu PKC, Chan HWF. A systematic review of atypical Alzheimer's disease including behavioural and psychological symptoms. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:396-406. [PMID: 33594793 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia, characterized by the clinical presentation of progressive anterograde episodic memory impairment. However, atypical presentation of patients is increasingly recognized. These atypical AD include logopenic aphasia, behavioural variant AD, posterior cortical atrophy, and corticobasal syndrome. These atypical AD are more common in patients with young onset AD before the age of 65 years old. Since medical needs (including the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia) of atypical AD patients could be different from typical AD patients, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these atypical forms of AD. In addition, disease modifying treatment may be available in the future. This review aims at providing an update on various important subtypes of atypical AD including behavioural and psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Fung Shea
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yining Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Ka-Fung Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yiwen Bao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Shui-Ching Lee
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ka-Chun Chiu
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Wai Felix Chan
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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15
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Dib S, Pahnke J, Gosselet F. Role of ABCA7 in Human Health and in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094603. [PMID: 33925691 PMCID: PMC8124837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies, including genome wide association studies (GWAS), have strongly suggested a central role for the ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This ABC transporter is now considered as an important genetic determinant for late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) by regulating several molecular processes such as cholesterol metabolism and amyloid processing and clearance. In this review we shed light on these new functions and their cross-talk, explaining its implication in brain functioning, and therefore in AD onset and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Dib
- UR2465, LBHE-Blood–Brain Barrier Laboratory, University Artois, 62300 Lens, France;
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Ratzenburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, 1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- UR2465, LBHE-Blood–Brain Barrier Laboratory, University Artois, 62300 Lens, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-21791733
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16
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Abstract
The history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) started in 1907, but we needed to wait until the end of the century to identify the components of pathological hallmarks and genetic subtypes and to formulate the first pathogenic hypothesis. Thanks to biomarkers and new technologies, the concept of AD then rapidly changed from a static view of an amnestic dementia of the presenium to a biological entity that could be clinically manifested as normal cognition or dementia of different types. What is clearly emerging from studies is that AD is heterogeneous in each aspect, such as amyloid composition, tau distribution, relation between amyloid and tau, clinical symptoms, and genetic background, and thus it is probably impossible to explain AD with a single pathological process. The scientific approach to AD suffers from chronological mismatches between clinical, pathological, and technological data, causing difficulty in conceiving diagnostic gold standards and in creating models for drug discovery and screening. A recent mathematical computer-based approach offers the opportunity to study AD in real life and to provide a new point of view and the final missing pieces of the AD puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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17
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Koriath CAM, Kenny J, Ryan NS, Rohrer JD, Schott JM, Houlden H, Fox NC, Tabrizi SJ, Mead S. Genetic testing in dementia - utility and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:23-36. [PMID: 33168964 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for clinical genetic testing in dementia disorders have advanced rapidly but remain to be more widely implemented in practice. A positive genetic test offers a precise molecular diagnosis, can help members of an affected family to determine personal risk, provides a basis for reproductive choices and can offer options for clinical trials. The likelihood of identifying a specific genetic cause of dementia depends on the clinical condition, the age at onset and family history. Attempts to match phenotypes to single genes are mostly inadvisable owing to clinical overlap between the dementias, genetic heterogeneity, pleiotropy and concurrent mutations. Currently, the appropriate genetic test in most cases of dementia is a next-generation sequencing gene panel, though some conditions necessitate specific types of test such as repeat expansion testing. Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing are becoming financially feasible but raise or exacerbate complex issues such as variants of uncertain significance, secondary findings and the potential for re-analysis in light of new information. However, the capacity for data analysis and counselling is already restricting the provision of genetic testing. Patients and their relatives need to be given reliable information to enable them to make informed choices about tests, treatments and data sharing; the ability of patients with dementia to make decisions must be considered when providing this information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kenny
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London, UK
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK.
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ABCA7 links sterol metabolism to the host defense system: Molecular background for potential management measure of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2020; 768:145316. [PMID: 33221536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A7 is a membrane protein that belongs to the large family of ABC transporters. It is 54% homologous in amino acid residue sequence to ABCA1 which mediates biogenesis of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) from cellular phospholipid and cholesterol with extracellular helical apolipoproteins such as apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. When transfected and expressed, ABCA7 also mediates generation of HDL-like particles but small and of less cholesterol content. However, endogenous ABCA7 is unlikely involved in HDL biogenesis and rather to regulate the host-defense system such as phagocytotic function of the cells. ABCA1 expression is regulated by cellular cholesterol levels, positively by the liver X receptor (LXR) in extrahepatic peripheral cells. However, it is modulated dually in the liver being relevant to transport of cholesterol for its catabolism; positively by LXR and negatively by sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) or hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α). In contrast, ABCA7 expression was shown to be regulated negatively by the SREBP system so that decrease of cell cholesterol enhances ABCA7 function such as cellular phagocytotic reaction, suggesting that it links cholesterol metabolism to the host defense system. The interest is being build up in ABCA7 as its genomic diversity has been found related to a risk for late-onset Alzheimer's diseases. More recent findings indicate that ABCA7 is involved in metabolism of amyloid β peptide including its phagocytotic clearance. Accordingly, modulation of ABCA7 activity by manipulating cholesterol metabolism may open a new path for management of Alzheimer's disease.
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19
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Does the CD33 rs3865444 Polymorphism Confer Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease? J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:851-860. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Han Z, Wang T, Tian R, Zhou W, Wang P, Ren P, Zong J, Hu Y, Jin S, Jiang Q. BIN1 rs744373 variant shows different association with Alzheimer's disease in Caucasian and Asian populations. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:691. [PMID: 31874619 PMCID: PMC6929404 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between BIN1 rs744373 variant and Alzheimer's disease (AD) had been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) as well as candidate gene studies in Caucasian populations. But in East Asian populations, both positive and negative results had been identified by association studies. Considering the smaller sample sizes of the studies in East Asian, we believe that the results did not have enough statistical power. RESULTS We conducted a meta-analysis with 71,168 samples (22,395 AD cases and 48,773 controls, from 37 studies of 19 articles). Based on the additive model, we observed significant genetic heterogeneities in pooled populations as well as Caucasians and East Asians. We identified a significant association between rs744373 polymorphism with AD in pooled populations (P = 5 × 10- 07, odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.17) and in Caucasian populations (P = 3.38 × 10- 08, OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.22). But in the East Asian populations, the association was not identified (P = 0.393, OR = 1.057, and 95% CI 0.95-1.15). Besides, the regression analysis suggested no significant publication bias. The results for sensitivity analysis as well as meta-analysis under the dominant model and recessive model remained consistent, which demonstrated the reliability of our finding. CONCLUSIONS The large-scale meta-analysis highlighted the significant association between rs744373 polymorphism and AD risk in Caucasian populations but not in the East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuilin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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21
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De Roeck A, Van Broeckhoven C, Sleegers K. The role of ABCA7 in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from genomics, transcriptomics and methylomics. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:201-220. [PMID: 30903345 PMCID: PMC6660495 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) originally identified ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 7 (ABCA7), as a novel risk gene of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since then, accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and human-based studies has corroborated and extended this association, promoting ABCA7 as one of the most important risk genes of both early-onset and late-onset AD, harboring both common and rare risk variants with relatively large effect on AD risk. Within this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature on ABCA7, with a focus on AD-related human -omics studies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, and methylomics). In European and African American populations, indirect ABCA7 GWAS associations are explained by expansion of an ABCA7 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), and a common premature termination codon (PTC) variant, respectively. Rare ABCA7 PTC variants are strongly enriched in AD patients, and some of these have displayed inheritance patterns resembling autosomal dominant AD. In addition, rare missense variants are more frequent in AD patients than healthy controls, whereas a common ABCA7 missense variant may protect from disease. Methylation at several CpG sites in the ABCA7 locus is significantly associated with AD. Furthermore, ABCA7 contains many different isoforms and ABCA7 splicing has been shown to associate with AD. Besides associations with disease status, these genetic and epigenetic ABCA7 markers also showed significant correlations with AD endophenotypes; in particular amyloid deposition and brain morphology. In conclusion, human-based –omics studies provide converging evidence of (partial) ABCA7 loss as an AD pathomechanism, and future studies should make clear if interventions on ABCA7 expression can serve as a valuable therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne De Roeck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Mendez MF, Moheb N, Desarzant RE, Teng EH. The Progressive Acalculia Presentation of Parietal Variant Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:941-948. [PMID: 29710718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD; age of onset <65 years) have non-amnestic presentations involving language (logopenic primary progressive aphasia, lvPPA), visuospatial abilities (posterior cortical atrophy, PCA), and even asymmetric symptoms consistent with corticobasal syndrome (CBS). An inferior parietal lobule variant of EOAD commonly presents with progressive difficulty with calculations. METHODS We reviewed 276 EOAD patients for presentations with predominant acalculia. These patients were diagnosed with clinically probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) verified by positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β or tau biomarkers. RESULTS We identified 18 (9M/9F) (6.5%) EOAD patients with progressive acalculia that did not meet most criteria for lvPPA, visual PCA, or CBS. Their ages of onset and presentation were 56.6 (5.0) and 59.4 (6.5), respectively. Their acalculia was consistent with a primary acalculia ("anarithmetia") not explained by language or visuospatial impairments. Many also had anomia (14/18), ideomotor apraxia (13/18), and the complete Gerstmann's syndrome (7/18). Visual analysis of their diverse magnetic resonance imaging disclosed biparietal atrophy, disproportionately worse on the left. CONCLUSIONS Primary acalculia may be the most common manifestation of an inferior parietal presentation of EOAD affecting the left intraparietal sulcus. This parietal variant also commonly involves progressive anomia, ideomotor apraxia, and other elements of Gerstmann's syndrome. The early recognition of patients with this variant, which is distinguishable from lvPPA, visual PCA, or CBS, would be facilitated by its recognition as a unique subtype of EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Negar Moheb
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randy E Desarzant
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edmond H Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Ma FC, Wang HF, Cao XP, Tan CC, Tan L, Yu JT. Meta-Analysis of the Association between Variants in ABCA7 and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1261-1267. [PMID: 29782324 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) was identified as a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relation between ABCA7 and AD was still inconsistent across these studies. Here, our meta-analysis aimed at confirming the association of ABCA7 with AD. Finally, 16 case-control studies (63747 versus 85833) were retrieved from PubMed and other databases. Three common loci were confirmed to increase the risk of AD (rs3764650: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16-1.24; rs3752246: OR = 1.13,95% CI = 1.08-1.19; rs4147929: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.10-1.24), but the associations varied among the different races. Furthermore, ABCA7 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations conferred a higher risk for AD than did the above variants (LOF: OR = 1.78, 95% = 1.43-2.22). In conclusion, ABCA7 genetic variants, especially the LOF mutations, were significantly associated with the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Ma FC, Zong Y, Wang HF, Li JQ, Cao XP, Tan L. ABCA7 genotype altered Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease without dementia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:437. [PMID: 30596067 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) rs3764650 has been identified to be a susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins was still unclear. Methods The associations of rs3764650 with CSF Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau were analyzed in non-dementia AD, including preclinical and prodromal AD from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Results Finally, GG + GT genotypes significantly decreased CSF Aβ1-42 level, but did not alter CSF t-tau and p-tau levels in non-dementia AD at baseline, which was further confirmed in longitudinal studies. Conclusions Our findings supported that ABCA7 modified AD risk by altering Aβ deposition rather than tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chen Ma
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Yu Zong
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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25
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Goldstein E, Ertekin-Taner N, Stephens A, Carrasquillo M, Boeve B, Tatum W, Feyissa A. Electroencephalogram findings in patients with posterior cortical atrophy. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:690-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Han Z, Qu J, Zhao J, Zou X. Analyzing 74,248 Samples Confirms the Association Between CLU rs11136000 Polymorphism and Alzheimer's Disease in Caucasian But Not Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11062. [PMID: 30038359 PMCID: PMC6056482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is considered one of the most important roles for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The early genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the CLU rs11136000 polymorphism is significantly associated with AD in Caucasian. However, the subsequent studies are unable to replicate these findings in different populations. Although two independent meta-analyses show evidence to support significant association in Asian and Caucasian populations by integrating the data from 18 and 25 related GWAS studies, respectively, many of the following 18 studies also reported the inconsistent results. Moreover, there are six missed and a misclassified GWAS studies in the two meta-analyses. Therefore, we suspected that the small-scale and incompletion or heterogeneity of the samples maybe lead to different results of these studies. In this study, large-scale samples from 50 related GWAS studies (28,464 AD cases and 45,784 controls) were selected afresh from seven authoritative sources to reevaluate the effect of rs11136000 polymorphism to AD risk. Similarly, we identified that the minor allele variant of rs11136000 significantly decrease AD risk in Caucasian ethnicity using the allele, dominant and recessive model. Different from the results of the previous studies, however, the results showed a negligible or no association in Asian and Chinese populations. Collectively, our analysis suggests that, for Asian and Chinese populations, the variant of rs11136000 may be irrelevant to AD risk. We believe that these findings can help to improve the understanding of the AD's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Han
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guian new area, 550025, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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27
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Jiang YT, Li HY, Cao XP, Tan L. Meta-analysis of the association between CD33 and Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:169. [PMID: 29951491 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) gene is compelling among the susceptibility genes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Genome-wide association study (GWAS). Researches of the relationship between AD and polymorphism in CD33 have showed conflicting results. In order to more precisely evaluate whether CD33 variants are associated with AD, we performed the meta-analysis presented in this manuscript. Methods We searched from three databases including PubMed, Cochrane library and EMbase for related case-control researches based on criteria of determination. A total of 18 case-control studies, containing 50,030 cases and 77,405 controls were involved in CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism. And a total of 4 case-control studies, containing 826 cases and 984 controls were involved in CD33 rs3826656 polymorphism. Results This study demonstrated that different variants in CD33 were associated with AD (rs3865444: OR =0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98, P<0.01; rs3826656: OR =0.94; 95% CI, 0.62-1.41, P<0.01). We made subgroup analysis which was stratified by race. There were protective associations in Caucasians but not in Asians among CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism (Caucasians: OR =0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94, P=0.05; Asians: OR =0.87; 95% CI, 0.65-1.17, P<0.01). Conclusions The CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism could be a protective factor in AD. Meanwhile, there was no association between the CD33 rs3826656 polymorphism and AD. Further confirmation is needed in larger and better-designed researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Wei People's Hospital, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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28
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Whitwell JL, Graff-Radford J, Tosakulwong N, Weigand SD, Machulda M, Senjem ML, Schwarz CG, Spychalla AJ, Jones DT, Drubach DA, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Ertekin-Taner N, Petersen RC, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Josephs KA. [ 18 F]AV-1451 clustering of entorhinal and cortical uptake in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:248-257. [PMID: 29323751 PMCID: PMC5821532 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use a cluster analysis of [18 F]AV-1451 tau-PET data to determine how subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) vary in the relative involvement of the entorhinal cortex and neocortex, and determine whether relative involvement of these two regions can help explain variability in age and clinical phenotype in AD. METHODS We calculated [18 F]AV-1451 uptake in entorhinal cortex and neocortex in 62 amyloid-positive AD patients (39 typical and 23 atypical presentation). tau-PET (positron emission tomography) values were normalized to the cerebellum to create standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs). tau-PET SUVRs were log-transformed and clustered blinded to clinical information into three groups using K-median cluster analysis. Demographics, clinical phenotype, cognitive performance, and apolipoprotein e4 frequency were compared across clusters. RESULTS The cluster analysis identified a cluster with low entorhinal and cortical uptake (ELo /CLo ), one with low entorhinal but high cortical uptake (ELo /CHi ), and one with high cortical and entorhinal uptake (EHi /CHi ). Clinical phenotype differed across clusters, with typical AD most commonly observed in the ELo /CLo and EHi /CHi clusters, and atypical AD most commonly observed in the ELo /CHi cluster. The ELo /CLo cluster had an older age at PET and onset than the other clusters. Apolipoprotein e4 frequency was lower in the ELo /CHi cluster. The EHi /CHi cluster had the worst memory impairment, whereas the ELo /CHi cluster had the worst impairment in nonmemory domains. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates considerable variability in [18 F]AV-1451 tau-PET uptake in AD, but shows that a straightforward clustering based on entorhinal and cortical uptake maps well onto age and clinical presentation in AD. Ann Neurol 2018 Ann Neurol 2018;83:248-257.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mary Machulda
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN
| | - Matthew L. Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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29
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Esteves S, Ramirez Romero DA, Torralva T, Martínez Cuitiño M, Herndon S, Couto B, Ibañez A, Manes F, Roca M. Posterior cortical atrophy: a single case cognitive and radiological follow-up. Neurocase 2018; 24:16-30. [PMID: 29308699 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2017.1421667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by initial predominant visuoperceptual deficits followed by a progressive decline in other cognitive functions. This syndrome has not been as thoroughly described as other dementias, particularly from a neuropsychological evolution perspective with only a few studies describing the evolution of its cognitive progression. In this investigation we review the literature on this rare condition and we perform a 7-year neuropsychological and neuroradiological follow-up of a 64-year-old man with PCA. The subject's deficits initially appeared in his visuoperceptual skills with later affectation appearing in language and other cognitive functions, this being coherent with the patient's parieto-temporal atrophy evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Esteves
- a Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Diana Andrea Ramirez Romero
- a Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Teresa Torralva
- a Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Macarena Martínez Cuitiño
- a Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Shannon Herndon
- a Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , USA
| | - Blas Couto
- c Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- c Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,d Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia.,e Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla , Colombia.,f Centre for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez , Santiago de Chile , Chile.,g National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- d Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia.,g National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Roca
- g National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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30
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Tau-PET Binding Distinguishes Patients With Early-stage Posterior Cortical Atrophy From Amnestic Alzheimer Disease Dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 31:87-93. [PMID: 28394771 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography (PET) binding distinguishes individuals with clinically well-established posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) due to Alzheimer disease (AD) from cognitively normal (CN) controls. However, it is not known whether tau-PET binding patterns differentiate individuals with PCA from those with amnestic AD, particularly early in the symptomatic stages of disease. METHODS Flortaucipir and florbetapir (β-amyloid) PET imaging were performed in individuals with early-stage PCA (N=5), amnestic AD dementia (N=22), and CN controls (N=47). Average tau and β-amyloid deposition were quantified using standard uptake value ratios and compared at a voxelwise level, controlling for age. RESULTS PCA patients [median age-at-onset, 59 (51 to 61) years] were younger at symptom onset than similarly staged individuals with amnestic AD [75 (60 to 85) years] or CN controls [73 (61 to 90) years; P=0.002]. Flortaucipir uptake was higher in individuals with early-stage symptomatic PCA versus those with early-stage amnestic AD or CN controls, and greatest in posterior regions. Regional elevations in florbetapir were observed in areas of greatest tau deposition in PCA patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Flortaucipir uptake distinguished individuals with PCA and amnestic AD dementia early in the symptomatic course. The posterior brain regions appear to be uniquely vulnerable to tau deposition in PCA, aligning with clinical deficits that define this disease subtype.
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31
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Maia da Silva MN, Millington RS, Bridge H, James-Galton M, Plant GT. Visual Dysfunction in Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Front Neurol 2017; 8:389. [PMID: 28861031 PMCID: PMC5561011 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a syndromic diagnosis. It is characterized by progressive impairment of higher (cortical) visual function with imaging evidence of degeneration affecting the occipital, parietal, and posterior temporal lobes bilaterally. Most cases will prove to have Alzheimer pathology. The aim of this review is to summarize the development of the concept of this disorder since it was first introduced. A critical discussion of the evolving diagnostic criteria is presented and the differential diagnosis with regard to the underlying pathology is reviewed. Emphasis is given to the visual dysfunction that defines the disorder, and the classical deficits, such as simultanagnosia and visual agnosia, as well as the more recently recognized visual field defects, are reviewed, along with the evidence on their neural correlates. The latest developments on the imaging of PCA are summarized, with special attention to its role on the differential diagnosis with related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari N Maia da Silva
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.,Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebecca S Millington
- Oxford Centre for fMRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Bridge
- Oxford Centre for fMRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Merle James-Galton
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon T Plant
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD), with onset in individuals younger than 65 years, although overshadowed by the more common late-onset AD (LOAD), differs significantly from LOAD. EOAD comprises approximately 5% of AD and is associated with delays in diagnosis, aggressive course, and age-related psychosocial needs. One source of confusion is that a substantial percentage of EOAD are phenotypic variants that differ from the usual memory-disordered presentation of typical AD. The management of EOAD is similar to that for LOAD, but special emphasis should be placed on targeting the specific cognitive areas involved and more age-appropriate psychosocial support and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Behavioral Neurology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Westwood Plaza, Suite B-200, Box 956975, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Neurobehavior Unit, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Building 206, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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33
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Wang C, Sun J, Guillaume B, Ge T, Hibar DP, Greenwood CMT, Qiu A. A Set-Based Mixed Effect Model for Gene-Environment Interaction and Its Application to Neuroimaging Phenotypes. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:191. [PMID: 28428742 PMCID: PMC5382297 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging genetics is an emerging field for the investigation of neuro-mechanisms linked to genetic variation. Although imaging genetics has recently shown great promise in understanding biological mechanisms for brain development and psychiatric disorders, studying the link between genetic variants and neuroimaging phenotypes remains statistically challenging due to the high-dimensionality of both genetic and neuroimaging data. This becomes even more challenging when studying gene-environment interaction (G×E) on neuroimaging phenotypes. In this study, we proposed a set-based mixed effect model for gene-environment interaction (MixGE) on neuroimaging phenotypes, such as structural volumes and tensor-based morphometry (TBM). MixGE incorporates both fixed and random effects of G×E to investigate homogeneous and heterogeneous contributions of multiple genetic variants and their interaction with environmental risks to phenotypes. We discuss the construction of score statistics for the terms associated with fixed and random effects of G×E to avoid direct parameter estimation in the MixGE model, which would greatly increase computational cost. We also describe how the score statistics can be combined into a single significance value to increase statistical power. We evaluated MixGE using simulated and real Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, and showed statistical power superior to other burden and variance component methods. We then demonstrated the use of MixGE for exploring the voxelwise effect of G×E on TBM, made feasible by the computational efficiency of MixGE. Through this, we discovered a potential interaction effect of gene ABCA7 and cardiovascular risk on local volume change of the right superior parietal cortex, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Jianping Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bryan Guillaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Tian Ge
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Oncology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, and Human Genetics, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and ResearchSingapore, Singapore
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34
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Barber IS, Braae A, Clement N, Patel T, Guetta-Baranes T, Brookes K, Medway C, Chappell S, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Hardy J, Mann DM, Morgan K. Mutation analysis of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease using the NeuroX array. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:215.e1-215.e8. [PMID: 27776828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have screened sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (sEOAD, n = 408) samples using the NeuroX array for known causative and predicted pathogenic variants in 16 genes linked to familial forms of neurodegeneration. We found 2 sEOAD individuals harboring a known causative variant in PARK2 known to cause early-onset Parkinson's disease; p.T240M (n = 1) and p.Q34fs delAG (n = 1). In addition, we identified 3 sEOAD individuals harboring a predicted pathogenic variant in MAPT (p.A469T), which has previously been associated with AD. It is currently unknown if these variants affect susceptibility to sEOAD, further studies would be needed to establish this. This work highlights the need to screen sEOAD individuals for variants that are more classically attributed to other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S Barber
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anne Braae
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naomi Clement
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tulsi Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Mann
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Du W, Tan J, Xu W, Chen J, Wang L. Association between clusterin gene polymorphism rs11136000 and late-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility: A review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2915-2927. [PMID: 27882096 PMCID: PMC5103725 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association between rs11136000 in clusterin (CLU) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) by meta-analysis. Several databases including PubMed, EMbase, CBMdisc and CMCC were searched for relevant case-control studies based on defined selection criteria. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the rs11136000 genotype and allele distribution were analyzed with RevMan and Stata software. The control population and heterogeneity between populations were examined in the selected studies using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Overall OR among the frequencies of the genotype and allele in both patients with AD and controls was estimated using fixed or random effect models. The summary of the OR and 95% CI were then analyzed to obtain the effects across the studies. Publication bias was examined using a funnel plot, Egger's test and Begg's test, and a Fail-safe Number (Nfs). A total of 20 reports were used. The summary OR for studies in the Caucasian population with a frequency of TT+TC/CC genotype and T/C allele at rs11136000 locus in CLU were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.86; P<0.00001) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.90; P<0.00001). The summary OR for the studies conducted in the Asian population were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.99; P=0.04) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.93; P<0.0001). The summary OR in other mixed ethnic groups with regards to the frequency of T/C allele was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68-0.99; P=0.04). These results demonstrated the presence of a statistically significant difference in LOAD susceptibility between individuals with the T allele CLU rs11136000 polymorphism and those without. The studies conducted in populations of African descent or Hispanics showed no statistically significant difference. Negligible publication bias was present, with Nfs being 750.604. In summary, polymorphism rs11136000 in the CLU gene may contribute to susceptibility to LOAD, and the presence of the T allele may reduce the risk of LOAD in Caucasian and Asian populations. However, no definitive association was found between the presence of the CLU rs11136000 polymorphism and LOAD in populations of African or Hispanic descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Du
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Tan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Clinical Division of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Air Force, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Luning Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Clinical Division of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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First report of PSEN2 mutation presenting as posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 29:249-51. [PMID: 25010293 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Case Studies Illustrating Focal Alzheimer's, Fluent Aphasia, Late-Onset Memory Loss, and Rapid Dementia. Neurol Clin 2016; 34:699-716. [PMID: 27445249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many dementia subtypes have more shared signs and symptoms than defining ones. We review 8 cases with 4 overlapping syndromes and demonstrate how to distinguish the cases. These include focal cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD; posterior cortical atrophy and corticobasal syndrome [CBS]), fluent aphasia (semantic dementia and logopenic aphasia), late-onset slowly progressive dementia (hippocampal sclerosis and limbic predominant AD) and rapidly progressive dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and limbic encephalitis). Recognizing the different syndromes can help the clinician to improve their diagnostic skills, leading to improved patient outcomes by early and accurate diagnosis, prompt treatment, and appropriate counseling and guidance.
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Fan K, Tang BS, Wang YQ, Kang JF, Li K, Liu ZH, Sun QY, Xu Q, Yan XX, Guo JF. The GBA, DYRK1A and MS4A6A polymorphisms influence the age at onset of Chinese Parkinson patients. Neurosci Lett 2016; 621:133-136. [PMID: 27085534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise pathogenic mechanism of PD remains unclear, but genetic and environmental factors are widely recognized to be associated with it. Although many associated genes have been discovered, they account for only a few PD patients. Recently, there are growing evidences indicating that patients with PD and AD share similarities in clinical features, pathology and genetic risks. However, no study has been conducted on the relations between AD associated genes and age at onset (AAO) of PD. In this study, we have detected 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 AD genome wide association studies top hit genes and 4 SNPs in 4 PD-cognitive impairment related genes among 297 Chinese PD patients. Through the linear regression analysis, we identified the significant associations of the GBA L444P mutation and DYRK1A rs8126696 T allele with the earlier AAO in PD patients, and the A allele at MS4A6A rs610932 with the delayed AAO of PD. This is the first report of significant associations of DYRK1A and MS4A6A SNPs and the AAO of PD. On account of their effects both in AD and PD, it is indicated that AD and PD possibly share some common pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ji-Feng Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi-Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Schott JM, Crutch SJ, Carrasquillo MM, Uphill J, Shakespeare TJ, Ryan NS, Yong KX, Lehmann M, Ertekin-Taner N, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Murray ME, Khan QUA, Petersen RC, Dickson DW, Knopman DS, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, González AS, Gil-Néciga E, Snowden JS, Harris J, Pickering-Brown SM, Louwersheimer E, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Pijnenburg YA, Galasko D, Sarazin M, Dubois B, Magnin E, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Cappa SF, Hodges JR, Halliday GM, Bartley L, Carrillo MC, Bras JT, Hardy J, Rossor MN, Collinge J, Fox NC, Mead S. Genetic risk factors for the posterior cortical atrophy variant of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:862-71. [PMID: 26993346 PMCID: PMC4982482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The genetics underlying posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), typically a rare variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain uncertain. Methods We genotyped 302 PCA patients from 11 centers, calculated risk at 24 loci for AD/DLB and performed an exploratory genome-wide association study. Results We confirm that variation in/near APOE/TOMM40 (P = 6 × 10−14) alters PCA risk, but with smaller effect than for typical AD (PCA: odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, typical AD: OR = 2.83, P = .0007). We found evidence for risk in/near CR1 (P = 7 × 10−4), ABCA7 (P = .02) and BIN1 (P = .04). ORs at variants near INPP5D and NME8 did not overlap between PCA and typical AD. Exploratory genome-wide association studies confirmed APOE and identified three novel loci: rs76854344 near CNTNAP5 (P = 8 × 10−10 OR = 1.9 [1.5–2.3]); rs72907046 near FAM46A (P = 1 × 10−9 OR = 3.2 [2.1–4.9]); and rs2525776 near SEMA3C (P = 1 × 10−8, OR = 3.3 [2.1–5.1]). Discussion We provide evidence for genetic risk factors specifically related to PCA. We identify three candidate loci that, if replicated, may provide insights into selective vulnerability and phenotypic diversity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Schott
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Sebastian J Crutch
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tim J Shakespeare
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Keir X Yong
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manja Lehmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida Suárez González
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Eulogio Gil-Néciga
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Harris
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Eva Louwersheimer
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yolande A Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; UC San Diego/VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marie Sarazin
- INSERM U610, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, IM2A, ICM, Paris 6 University, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Regional Memory Centre (CMRR), CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose T Bras
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Bao J, Wang XJ, Mao ZF. Associations Between Genetic Variants in 19p13 and 19q13 Regions and Susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:234-43. [PMID: 26795201 PMCID: PMC4727495 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) has become an epidemic within the growing elderly population and effective therapies of AD have not been discovered. Genetic factors accounted for over 70% of the incidence of AD and the disease-related polymorphisms are located on chromosome 19, which is one of several prominent chromosomes related to the development of AD. Many inconsistent associations between polymorphisms in ABCA7, CD33, and TOMM40 genes and the susceptibility to AD have been suggested by several independent studies. MATERIAL/METHODS A comprehensive literature search for studies involving the association between gene polymorphisms and AD was performed, and we finally selected 3 genes (4 polymorphisms) for the meta-analysis: ABCA7 (rs3764650), CD33 (rs3865444), and TOMM40 (rs157580, rs2075650). RESULTS A total of 25 articles investigating 3 genes (4 polymorphisms) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results of 4 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with the susceptibility to AD. The pooled effect of ABCA7 rs3764605 allele G was significantly associated with an increased the risk of AD (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.26, P value <0.001). Similarly, our evidence suggested that allele A of TOMM40 rs2075650 polymorphism was a risk factor for AD (OR=2.87, 95% CI: 2.46-3.34, P value <0.001). Alleles A of CD33 rs3865444 and A of TOMM40 rs157580 were both protective factors for AD onset (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98, P value=0.003; OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.57-0.66, P value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS" Results from the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled ABCA7 rs376465, CD33 rs3865444, TOMM40 rs157580, and rs2075650 variants were significantly associated with the susceptibility to AD. However, the association differed significantly between Asian and Caucasian groups for SNPs of CD33 rs3865444, TOMM40 rs157580, and rs2075650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bao
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-jie Wang
- Wuhan Women and Children Medical Care Center, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zong-fu Mao
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Dong X, Zhang L, Meng Q, Gao Q. Association Between Interleukin-1A, Interleukin-1B, and Bridging integrator 1 Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease: a standard and Cumulative Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:736-747. [PMID: 26768592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been one of the most prevalent health problems among senior population. Interleukin-1A (IL-1A) and IL-1B are two isoforms of IL-1. Recent studies suggested that certain polymorphisms on these two genes are associated with AD. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is considered as common genetic risk factors for AD, whereas different studies have provided various conclusions regarding its role in AD. This study was designed to justify the association between multiple gene polymorphisms and AD through an evidence synthesis approach. We conducted a literature search to identify relevant articles published from 2000 to 2015 from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, in accordance with inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the allele model. The effect estimates were summarized by both standard and cumulative meta-analysis. Finally, 54 articles with 88 independent studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Mutants in rs1800587 of IL-1A, rs1143634 of IL-1B, rs12989701, and rs744373 of BIN1 were significantly associated with AD onset. The difference effect of same single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on various ethnicities was also observed in our results. The present meta-analysis suggested that IL-1A, IL-1B, and BIN1 were candidate genes for AD pathogenesis. Polymorphisms of IL-1A, IL-1B, and BIN1 are associated with AD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Qingling Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Qianxi County, Qianxi, 064300, China
| | - Qiuyan Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
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Ji W, Xu L, Zhou H, Wang S, Fang Y. Meta-analysis of association between the genetic polymorphisms on chromosome 11q and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18235-18244. [PMID: 26770425 PMCID: PMC4694325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease mostly occurred in the elderly. Genetic mutation is one of well-established risk factors for AD. Several polymorphisms on chromosome 11q were reported to be associated with AD susceptibility. Hence we performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the association between the most-reported polymorphisms on chromosome 11q (rs10793294, rs7115850, rs7101429, rs4945261, rs2373115, rs670142, rs610932, rs541458 and rs3851179) and AD risk. A comprehensive literature search in the electronic databases was performed to identify all eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between 11q variants and AD risk by using the allelic model. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to analyze the influence of single study on the overall results. Begg's funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess the publication biases among studies. All the statistical analyses were conducted by using STATA 12.0 Software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). A total of 35 eligible articles were included in our meta-analysis. Our data showed that the polymorphism of rs610932 were significantly associated with lower AD risk with a pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.92, P=0.005). The other SNPs of rs494526 (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00, P<0.001), rs2373115 (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.95, P<0.001) and rs670139 (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12, P=0.554) were shown to be correlated with lower AD risk. Subgroup analysis revealed a similar result in Caucasians. But only the rs610932 polymorphism was found to be associated with lower AD risk in Asians. The polymorphism of rs610932 was shown to be a risk factor for AD while the other three genetic variants (rs494526, rs2373115 and rs610932) may act as protective factors against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu CityShangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lanling Xu
- Department of Infedtious Diseases, East Hospital, The Branch of The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu CityShangqiu 476000, China
| | - Haiyun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu CityShangqiu 476000, China
| | - Suishan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu CityShangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu CityShangqiu 476000, China
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Carrasquillo MM, Barber I, Lincoln SJ, Murray ME, Camsari GB, Khan QUA, Nguyen T, Ma L, Bisceglio GD, Crook JE, Younkin SG, Dickson DW, Boeve BF, Graff-Radford NR, Morgan K, Ertekin-Taner N. Evaluating pathogenic dementia variants in posterior cortical atrophy. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:38-44. [PMID: 26507310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an understudied visual impairment syndrome most often due to "posterior Alzheimer's disease (AD)" pathology. Case studies detected mutations in PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and PRNP in subjects with clinical PCA. To detect the frequency and spectrum of mutations in known dementia genes in PCA, we screened 124 European-American subjects with clinical PCA (n = 67) or posterior AD neuropathology (n = 57) for variants in genes implicated in AD, frontotemporal dementia, and prion disease using NeuroX, a customized exome array. Frequencies in PCA of the variants annotated as pathogenic or potentially pathogenic were compared against ∼ 4300 European-American population controls from the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project. We identified 2 rare variants not previously reported in PCA, TREM2 Arg47His, and PSEN2 Ser130Leu. No other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variants were detected in the screened dementia genes. In this first systematic variant screen of a PCA cohort, we report 2 rare mutations in TREM2 and PSEN2, validate our previously reported APOE ε4 association, and demonstrate the utility of NeuroX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imelda Barber
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Paterson RW, Toombs J, Slattery CF, Nicholas JM, Andreasson U, Magdalinou NK, Blennow K, Warren JD, Mummery CJ, Rossor MN, Lunn MP, Crutch SJ, Fox NC, Zetterberg H, Schott JM. Dissecting IWG-2 typical and atypical Alzheimer's disease: insights from cerebrospinal fluid analysis. J Neurol 2015; 262:2722-30. [PMID: 26410752 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathobiological factors underlying phenotypic diversity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are incompletely understood. We used an extended cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) panel to explore differences between "typical" with "atypical" AD and between amnestic, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic aphasia and frontal variants. We included 97 subjects fulfilling International Working Group-2 research criteria for AD of whom 61 had "typical" AD and 36 "atypical" syndromes, and 30 controls. CSF biomarkers included total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), amyloid β1-42, amyloid βX-38/40/42, YKL-40, neurofilament light (NFL), and amyloid precursor proteins α and β. The typical and atypical groups were matched for age, sex, severity and rate of cognitive decline and had similar biomarker profiles, with the exception of NFL which was higher in the atypical group (p = 0.03). Sub-classifying the atypical group into its constituent clinical syndromes, posterior cortical atrophy was associated with the lowest T-tau [604.4 (436.8-675.8) pg/mL], P-tau (79.8 ± 21.8 pg/L), T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio [2.3 (1.4-2.6)], AβX-40/X-42 ratio (22.1 ± 5.8) and rate of cognitive decline [1.9 (0.75-4.25) MMSE points/year]. Conversely, the frontal variant group had the highest levels of T-tau [1185.4 (591.7-1329.3) pg/mL], P-tau (116.4 ± 45.4 pg/L), T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio [5.2 (3.3-6.9)] and AβX-40/X-42 ratio (27.9 ± 7.5), and rate of cognitive decline. Whilst on a group level IWG-2 "typical" and "atypical" AD share similar CSF profiles, which are very different from controls, atypical AD is a heterogeneous entity with evidence for subtle differences in amyloid processing and neurodegeneration between different clinical syndromes. These findings also have practical implications for the interpretation of clinical CSF biomarker results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Cath J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. .,Box 16 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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45
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Holston EC. The Electrophysiological Phenomenon of Alzheimer's Disease: A Psychopathology Theory. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2015; 36:603-13. [PMID: 26379134 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1015696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the Aβ and tau pathology and the resulting neuropathological changes, which are associated with manifested clinical symptoms. However, electrophysiological brain changes may provide a more expansive understanding of AD. Hence, the objective of this systematic review is to propose a theory about the electrophysiological phenomenon of Alzheimer's disease (EPAD). The review of literature resulted from an extensive search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases. One-hundred articles were purposively selected. They provided an understanding of the concepts establishing the theory of EPAD (neuropathological changes, neurochemical changes, metabolic changes, and electrophysiological brain changes). Changes in the electrophysiology of the brain are foundational to the association or interaction of the concepts. Building on Berger's Psychophysical Model, it is evident that electrophysiological brain changes occur and affect cortical areas to generate or manifest symptoms from onset and across the stages of AD, which may be prior to pathological changes. Therefore, the interaction of the concepts demonstrates how the psychopathology results from affected electrophysiology of the brain. The theory of the EPAD provides a theoretical foundation for appropriate measurements of AD without dependence on neuropathological changes. Future research is warranted to further test this theory. Ultimately, this theory contributes to existing knowledge because it shows how electrophysiological changes are useful in understanding the risk and progression of AD across the stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra C Holston
- a University of Tennessee-Knoxville , College of Nursing , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA
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46
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Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Ma Q, Halliday MR, Kong P, Kisler K, Winkler EA, Ramanathan A, Kanekiyo T, Bu G, Owens NC, Rege SV, Si G, Ahuja A, Zhu D, Miller CA, Schneider JA, Maeda M, Maeda T, Sugawara T, Ichida JK, Zlokovic BV. Central role for PICALM in amyloid-β blood-brain barrier transcytosis and clearance. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:978-87. [PMID: 26005850 PMCID: PMC4482781 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PICALM is a highly validated genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that reduced expression of PICALM in AD and murine brain endothelium correlated with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and cognitive impairment. Moreover, Picalm deficiency diminished Aβ clearance across the murine blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accelerated Aβ pathology in a manner that was reversible by endothelial PICALM re-expression. Using human brain endothelial monolayers, we found that PICALM regulated PICALM/clathrin-dependent internalization of Aβ bound to the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-1, a key Aβ clearance receptor, and guided Aβ trafficking to Rab5 and Rab11, leading to Aβ endothelial transcytosis and clearance. PICALM levels and Aβ clearance were reduced in AD-derived endothelial monolayers, which was reversible by adenoviral-mediated PICALM transfer. Inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived human endothelial cells carrying the rs3851179 protective allele exhibited higher PICALM levels and enhanced Aβ clearance. Thus, PICALM regulates Aβ BBB transcytosis and clearance, which has implications for Aβ brain homeostasis and clearance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Abhay P. Sagare
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Matthew R. Halliday
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pan Kong
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kassandra Kisler
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ethan A. Winkler
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anita Ramanathan
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nelly Chuqui Owens
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sanket V. Rege
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gabriel Si
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashim Ahuja
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio–Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Carol A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Manami Maeda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tohru Sugawara
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, BCC 307, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, BCC 307, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal symptomatic benefits and there are no effective disease-modifying or preventive interventions. AD has a strong genetic component, so much research in AD has focused on identifying genetic causes and risk factors. This chapter will cover genetic discoveries in AD and their consequences in terms of improved knowledge regarding the disease and the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. First, we will discuss the study of the rare early-onset, autosomal dominant forms of AD that led to the discovery of mutations in three major genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. These discoveries have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of AD as well as the development of therapeutic targets and the design of clinical trials. Then, we will explore linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches, which identified variants in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset, "sporadic" forms of AD (LOAD), but failed to robustly identify other genetic risk factors, with the exception of variants in SORL1. The main focus of this chapter will be on recent genome-wide association studies that have successfully identified common genetic variations at over 20 loci associated with LOAD outside of the APOE locus. These loci are in or near-novel AD genes including BIN1, CR1, CLU, phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), CD33, EPHA1, MS4A4/MS4A6, ABCA7, CD2AP, SORL1, HLA-DRB5/DRB1, PTK2B, SLC24A4-RIN3, INPP5D, MEF2C, NME8, ZCWPW1, CELF1, FERMT2, CASS4, and TRIP4 and each has small effects on risk of AD (relative risks of 1.1-1.3). Finally, we will touch upon the ongoing effort to identify less frequent and rare variants through whole exome and whole genome sequencing. This effort has identified two novel genes, TREM2 and PLD3, and shown a role for APP in LOAD. The identification of these recently identified genes has implicated previously unsuspected biological pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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Chauhan G, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Weinstein G, Yu L, Töglhofer AM, Smith AV, van der Lee SJ, Gottesman RF, Thomson R, Wang J, Yang Q, Niessen WJ, Lopez OL, Becker JT, Phan TG, Beare RJ, Arfanakis K, Fleischman D, Vernooij MW, Mazoyer B, Schmidt H, Srikanth V, Knopman DS, Jack CR, Amouyel P, Hofman A, DeCarli C, Tzourio C, van Duijn CM, Bennett DA, Schmidt R, Longstreth WT, Mosley TH, Fornage M, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Ikram MA, Debette S. Association of Alzheimer's disease GWAS loci with MRI markers of brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1765.e7-1765.e16. [PMID: 25670335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Whether novel risk variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) identified through genome-wide association studies also influence magnetic resonance imaging-based intermediate phenotypes of AD in the general population is unclear. We studied association of 24 AD risk loci with intracranial volume, total brain volume, hippocampal volume (HV), white matter hyperintensity burden, and brain infarcts in a meta-analysis of genetic association studies from large population-based samples (N = 8175-11,550). In single-SNP based tests, AD risk allele of APOE (rs2075650) was associated with smaller HV (p = 0.0054) and CD33 (rs3865444) with smaller intracranial volume (p = 0.0058). In gene-based tests, there was associations of HLA-DRB1 with total brain volume (p = 0.0006) and BIN1 with HV (p = 0.00089). A weighted AD genetic risk score was associated with smaller HV (beta ± SE = -0.047 ± 0.013, p = 0.00041), even after excluding the APOE locus (p = 0.029). However, only association of AD genetic risk score with HV, including APOE, was significant after multiple testing correction (including number of independent phenotypes tested). These results suggest that novel AD genetic risk variants may contribute to structural brain aging in nondemented older community persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chauhan
- INSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceINSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Galit Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Maria Töglhofer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland; Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- The Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thanh G Phan
- Stroke and Ageing Research Centre, Southern Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Beare
- Stroke and Ageing Research Centre, Southern Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Debra Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR5296, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Stroke and Ageing Research Centre, Southern Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France; INSERM, U744, Lille, France; Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - William T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine-Geriatrics/Gerontology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Debette
- INSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceINSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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