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Li D, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang W. Bioinformatics analysis reveals multiple functional changes in astrocytes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148820. [PMID: 38417653 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and brain dysfunction. Existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) mainly act on neurons and provide symptomatic control of seizures, but they do not modify the progression of epilepsy and may cause serious adverse effects. Increasing evidence suggests that reactive astrogliosis is critical in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, the function of reactive astrocytes in epilepsy has not been thoroughly explored. To provide a new perspective on the role of reactive astrocytes in epileptogenesis, we identified human astrocyte-specific genes and found 131 of these genes significantly differentially expressed in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) datasets. Multiple astrocytic functions, such as cell adhesion, cell morphogenesis, actin filament-based process, apoptotic cell clearance and response to oxidative stress, were found to be promoted. Moreover, multiple altered astrocyte-specific genes were enriched in phagocytosis, perisynaptic astrocyte processes (PAPs), plasticity, and synaptic functions. Nine hub genes (ERBB2, GFAP, NOTCH2, ITGAV, ABCA1, AQP4, LRP1, GJA1, and YAP1) were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The correlation between the expression of these hub genes and seizure frequency, as well as epilepsy-related factors, including inflammatory mediators, complement factors, glutamate excitotoxicity and astrocyte reactivity, were analyzed. Additionally, upstream transcription factors of the hub genes were predicted. Finally, astrogliosis and the expression of the hub genes were validated in an epileptic rat model. Our findings reveal the various changes in astrocyte function associated with epilepsy and provide candidate astrocyte-specific genes that could be potential antiepileptogenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yansu Guo
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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de la Monte SM, Tong M. Agent Orange Herbicidal Toxin-Initiation of Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1703-1726. [PMID: 38306038 PMCID: PMC10979462 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Agent Orange (AO) is a Vietnam War-era herbicide that contains a 1 : 1 ratio of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Emerging evidence suggests that AO exposures cause toxic and degenerative pathologies that may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study investigates the effects of the two main AO constituents on key molecular and biochemical indices of AD-type neurodegeneration. Methods Long Evans rat frontal lobe slice cultures treated with 250μg/ml of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, or both (D + T) were evaluated for cytotoxicity, oxidative injury, mitochondrial function, and AD biomarker expression. Results Treatment with the AO constituents caused histopathological changes corresponding to neuronal, white matter, and endothelial cell degeneration, and molecular/biochemical abnormalities indicative of cytotoxic injury, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and increased immunoreactivity to activated Caspase 3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin, tau, paired-helical filament phosphorylated tau, AβPP, Aβ, and choline acetyltransferase. Nearly all indices of cellular injury and degeneration were more pronounced in the D + T compared with 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T treated cultures. Conclusions Exposures to AO herbicidal chemicals damage frontal lobe brain tissue with molecular and biochemical abnormalities that mimic pathologies associated with early-stage AD-type neurodegeneration. Additional research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of AO exposures in relation to aging and progressive neurodegeneration in Vietnam War Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Uribe Cardenas R, Laramee M, Ray I, Dahmane N, Souweidane M, Martin B. Influence of focused ultrasound on locoregional drug delivery to the brain: Potential implications for brain tumor therapy. J Control Release 2023; 362:755-763. [PMID: 37659767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efficient delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a major challenge to the development of safe and efficacious therapies. Locoregional drug delivery platforms offer an improved therapeutic index by achieving high drug concentrations in the target tissue with negligible systemic exposure. Intrathecal (intraventricular) [IT] and convection-enhanced delivery [CED] are two clinically relevant methods being employed for various CNS malignancies. Both of these standalone platforms suffer from passive post-administration distribution forces, sometimes limiting the desired distribution for tumor therapy. Focused ultrasound and microbubble-mediated blood-brain barrier opening (FUS-BBBO) is a recent modality used for enhanced drug delivery. It is postulated that coupling of FUS with these alternative delivery routes may provide benefits. Multimodality FUS may provide the desired ability to increase the depth of parenchymal delivery following IT administration and provide a means for contour directionality with CED. Further, the transient enhanced permeability achieved with FUS-BBBO is well established, but drug residence and transit times, important to clinical dose scheduling, have not yet been defined. The present investigation comprises two discrete studies: 1. Conduct a comprehensive quantitative evaluation to elucidate the effect of FUS-BBBO as it relates to varying routes of administration (IT and IV) in its capacity to facilitate drug penetration within the striatal-thalamic region. 2. Investigate the impact of combining FUS-BBBO with CED on drug distribution, with a specific focus on the temporal dynamics of drug retention within the target region. METHODS Firstly, we quantitatively assessed how FUS-BBBO coupled with IT and IV altered fluorescent dye (Dextran 2000 kDa and 70 kDa) distribution and concentration in a predetermined striatal-thalamic region in naïve mice. Secondly, we analyzed the pharmacokinetic effects of using FUS mediated BBB disruption coupled with CED by measuring the volume of distribution and time-dependent concentration of the dye. RESULTS Our results indicate that IV administration coupled with FUS-BBBO successfully enhances delivery of dye into the pre-defined sonication targets. Conversely, measurable dye in the sonication target was consistently less after IT administration. FUS enhances the distribution volume of dye after CED. Furthermore, a shorter time of residence was observed when CED was coupled with FUS-BBBO application when compared to CED alone. CONCLUSION 1. Based on our findings, IV delivery coupled with FUS-BBBO is a more efficient means for delivery to deep targets (i.e. striatal-thalamic region) within a predefined spatial conformation compared to IT administration. 2. FUS-BBBO increases the volume of distribution (Vd) of dye after CED administration, but results in a shorter time of residence. Whether this finding is reproducible with other classes of agents (e.g., cytotoxic agents, antibodies, viral particles, cellular therapies) needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline Laramee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ishani Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brice Martin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Li T, Li X, Hong S, Jiang L, Ma J. Clinical characteristics of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy in children: A case series of 16 patients. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578176. [PMID: 37572437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical characteristics of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy in children. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2020 to September 2021 and retrospectively analysed the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of children with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. RESULTS Sixteen patients were included: 6 and 10 tested positive for GFAP-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and both CSF and serum, respectively. The median patient age was 115 months (range: 36-180 months), and 7 patients (43.8%) were male. All patients had the clinical syndrome of encephalitis/meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis: encephalitis (8), meningoencephalitis (3), encephalomyelitis (1) and meningoencephalomyelitis (4). The most common clinical symptoms were fever (11), altered consciousness (11), headache (10) and seizure (9). Four patients developed central respiratory failure for which mechanical ventilation was needed. All patients showed hyperintense T2-weighted lesions on brain MRI in the cerebral white matter (13), brainstem (11), basal ganglia (11), thalamus (9), and cerebellum (3). Nine patients (56%) had abnormal hyperintense lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus. Six of 12 patients who underwent gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI showed abnormal enhancement images, and five of them showed linear perivascular radial enhancement. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score decreased significantly in most patients after immunotherapy. Two patients with coexisting neural autoantibodies relapsed; however, 15 patients who were followed up successfully had favorable outcomes at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION Children with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy usually have a clinical syndrome of encephalitis/meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis. Except for the linear perivascular radial gadolinium enhancement pattern, hyperintense lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus might be another characteristic brain MRI finding of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy in children. Although a few patients with coexisting neural autoantibodies might relapse, children with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy usually have favorable outcomes after immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Hong
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiannan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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Vorn R, Devoto C, Meier TB, Lai C, Yun S, Broglio SP, Mithani S, McAllister TW, Giza CC, Kim HS, Huber D, Harezlak J, Cameron KL, McGinty G, Jackson J, Guskiewicz KM, Mihalik JP, Brooks A, Duma S, Rowson S, Nelson LD, Pasquina P, McCrea MA, Gill JM. Are EPB41 and alpha-synuclein diagnostic biomarkers of sport-related concussion? Findings from the NCAA and Department of Defense CARE Consortium. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:379-387. [PMID: 36403906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current protein biomarkers are only moderately predictive at identifying individuals with mild traumatic brain injury or concussion. Therefore, more accurate diagnostic markers are needed for sport-related concussion. METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, case-control study of athletes who provided blood samples and were diagnosed with a concussion or were a matched non-concussed control within the National Collegiate Athletic Association-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium conducted between 2015 and 2019. The blood was collected within 48 h of injury to identify protein abnormalities at the acute and subacute timepoints. Athletes with concussion were divided into 6 h post-injury (0-6 h post-injury) and after 6 h post-injury (7-48 h post-injury) groups. We applied a highly multiplexed proteomic technique that used a DNA aptamers assay to target 1305 proteins in plasma samples from athletes with and without sport-related concussion. RESULTS A total of 140 athletes with concussion (79.3% males; aged 18.71 ± 1.10 years, mean ± SD) and 21 non-concussed athletes (76.2% males; 19.14 ± 1.10 years) were included in this study. We identified 338 plasma proteins that significantly differed in abundance (319 upregulated and 19 downregulated) in concussed athletes compared to non-concussed athletes. The top 20 most differentially abundant proteins discriminated concussed athletes from non-concussed athletes with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.954 (95% confidence interval: 0.922‒0.986). Specifically, after 6 h of injury, the individual AUC of plasma erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) and alpha-synuclein (SNCA) were 0.956 and 0.875, respectively. The combination of EPB41 and SNCA provided the best AUC (1.000), which suggests this combination of candidate plasma biomarkers is the best for diagnosing concussion in athletes after 6 h of injury. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that proteomic profiling may provide novel diagnostic protein markers and that a combination of EPB41 and SNCA is the most predictive biomarker of concussion after 6 h of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Vorn
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijung Yun
- Predictiv Care, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94086, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara Mithani
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Gerald McGinty
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Jonathan Jackson
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Mathew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Mathew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stefan Duma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Steven Rowson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paul Pasquina
- Center for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jessica M Gill
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Polo Y, Luzuriaga J, Gonzalez de Langarica S, Pardo-Rodríguez B, Martínez-Tong DE, Tapeinos C, Manero-Roig I, Marin E, Muñoz-Ugartemendia J, Ciofani G, Ibarretxe G, Unda F, Sarasua JR, Pineda JR, Larrañaga A. Self-assembled three-dimensional hydrogels based on graphene derivatives and cerium oxide nanoparticles: scaffolds for co-culture of oligodendrocytes and neurons derived from neural stem cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4488-4505. [PMID: 36753326 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have shown promising results for the regeneration of the nervous system. However, the survival and integration of the stem cells in the neural circuitry is suboptimal and might compromise the therapeutic outcomes of this approach. The development of functional scaffolds capable of actively interacting with stem cells may overcome the current limitations of stem cell-based therapies. In this study, three-dimensional hydrogels based on graphene derivatives and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles are presented as prospective supports allowing neural stem cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. The morphological, mechanical and electrical properties of the resulting hydrogels can be finely tuned by controlling several parameters of the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets, namely the amount of incorporated reducing agent (ascorbic acid) and CeO2 nanoparticles. The intrinsic properties of the hydrogels, as well as the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles, clearly influence the cell fate. Thus, stiffer adhesion substrates promote differentiation to glial cell lineages, while softer substrates enhance mature neuronal differentiation. Remarkably, CeO2 nanoparticle-containing hydrogels support the differentiation of neural stem cells to neuronal, astroglial and oligodendroglial lineage cells, promoting the in vitro generation of nerve tissue grafts that might be employed in neuroregenerative cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Luzuriaga
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Sergio Gonzalez de Langarica
- Group of Science and Engineering of Polymeric Biomaterials (ZIBIO Group), Department of Mining, Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pardo-Rodríguez
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Daniel E Martínez-Tong
- Polymers and advanced materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain & Centro de Física de Materiales (UPV/EHU-CSIC), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christos Tapeinos
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, PI, Italy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Irene Manero-Roig
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
- Université de Bordeaux IINS - UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edurne Marin
- Group of Science and Engineering of Polymeric Biomaterials (ZIBIO Group), Department of Mining, Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jone Muñoz-Ugartemendia
- Group of Science and Engineering of Polymeric Biomaterials (ZIBIO Group), Department of Mining, Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Fernando Unda
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Group of Science and Engineering of Polymeric Biomaterials (ZIBIO Group), Department of Mining, Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa, Leioa, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Group of Science and Engineering of Polymeric Biomaterials (ZIBIO Group), Department of Mining, Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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Liang X, Shen Y. Area postrema syndrome with linear enhancement along the surface of the brainstem and fourth ventricle in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:78. [PMID: 36805663 PMCID: PMC9940409 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy, a novel autoimmune disease of the nervous system, was first defined in 2016. To our knowledge, area postrema syndrome (APS) with linear enhancement along the surface of the brainstem and fourth ventricle is extremely rare in this disorder. CASE PRESENTATION A Chinese woman presented with intractable nausea and vomiting after onset of flu-like symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed abnormal signal intensities in the dorsal medulla oblongata including area postrema. Besides, linear enhancement surrounding the surface of the brainstem and fourth ventricle was visualized after gadolinium injection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed increased cell count and protein. A cell-based assay was positive for anti-GFAP IgG in CSF. She was diagnosed with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy and treated with high-dose glucocorticoid. The patient received a quick recovery with entire resolution of the initial abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Isolated APS can be the initial manifestation of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Linear enhancement surrounding the surface of the brainstem and fourth ventricle is another neuroradiological hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan Province China
| | - Yaoyao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, No. 92 Aiguo Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Puac-Polanco P, Zakhari N, Jansen GH, Torres C. Case 309: Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy. Radiology 2023; 306:293-298. [PMID: 36534605 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HISTORY A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of lightheadedness and intermittent balance and coordination difficulties. Two months before admission, symptoms became more substantial and persistent, with a worsening sense of disequilibrium and unsteady gait. He reported difficulties pronouncing words and mild word-finding difficulties. His wife noted a change in his cognition and memory over the same time. His medical history included well-controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) secondary to a long history of smoking with associated unintentional 30-lb (13.6-kg) weight loss over the previous 3 years, for which chest CT scanning was performed, revealing no abnormality. On clinical examination, the patient was alert and oriented but had slurred speech. A positive Romberg sign was noted, finger-to-nose and hand rapid alternating movement tests revealed impairment on the right side, and his gait was ataxic. The motor examination revealed normal muscle tone, bulk, and power in the upper and lower extremities. Sensory testing results were normal. Initial MRI of the brain at admission revealed abnormal findings in the left supratentorial brain. Of note, this patient's presentation predated the COVID-19 pandemic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed predominant pleocytosis (23 × 106/L; normal range, [0-5] × 106/L) (78% lymphocytes, 22% monocytes), elevated protein level (1.23 g/L; normal range, 0.19-0.64 g/L), oligoclonal bands (faint one or two), and a high immunoglobulin G (IgG) index (0.130 g/L; normal reference, ≤0.059 g/L). Despite extensive initial work-up for inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic causes, a definitive diagnosis was not reached. Thus, repeat MRI of the brain was performed 2 weeks after admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Puac-Polanco
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Physics (P.P.P., N.Z., C.T.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.H.J.), University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9; and Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (C.T.)
| | - Nader Zakhari
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Physics (P.P.P., N.Z., C.T.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.H.J.), University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9; and Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (C.T.)
| | - Gerard H Jansen
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Physics (P.P.P., N.Z., C.T.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.H.J.), University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9; and Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (C.T.)
| | - Carlos Torres
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Physics (P.P.P., N.Z., C.T.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.H.J.), University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9; and Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (C.T.)
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Mabrouk DM, El Makawy AI, Ahmed KA, Ramadan MF, Ibrahim FM. Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87184-87199. [PMID: 35802336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida I El Makawy
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Faten M Ibrahim
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Deng B, Wang J, Yu H, Jin L, Qiu Y, Liu X, Wang P, Zhang X, Chen X. Area Postrema Syndrome in Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200029. [PMID: 36163176 PMCID: PMC9513980 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To report the frequency of area postrema syndrome (APS) in glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoglobulin G (GFAP-IgG)–positive patients and emphasize the importance of APS among the phenotypes in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Methods Eight GFAP-IgG–positive cases with APS were retrospectively identified during 2015–2021. The APS phenotypes were described. A literature review of 8 previously reported cases was also included in analysis. Results A total of 8 patients (11%) (1 woman, 7 men; mean age: 52.4 ± 18.4 years) presented with APS in a cohort of 74 GFAP-IgG–positive patients, 3 of whom (4%) had disease onset with APS. All patients had hiccups, and hiccups was the unique symptom of APS in 5 patients. The median time from disease onset to APS occurrence was 2 days (range 0–20), and the mean duration of APS episodes was 23.6 ± 11.4 days. No patient had isolated APS attack. All episodes were completely resolved with a mean duration of 9.3 ± 5.4 days after immunotherapy. APS manifestations of 8 cases in previous studies showed similar features with our cases. In total, coexisting aquaporin-4-IgG was only detected in one of the 16 cases. Discussion APS could be an early, but not isolated clinical manifestation of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Hiccups was the predominant symptom of APS in this disorder. APS attacks of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy have good response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jin
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.), Huashan Hospital and Insitute of Neurology, Fudan University; National Center for Neurological Disorders (B.D., J.W., H.Y., L.J., Y.Q., X.L., P.W., X.Z., X.C.); and Human Phenome Institute (X.C.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ramírez AE, Gil-Jaramillo N, Tapias MA, González-Giraldo Y, Pinzón A, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Aristizábal-Pachón AF, González J. MicroRNA: A Linking between Astrocyte Dysfunction, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091439. [PMID: 36143475 PMCID: PMC9505027 DOI: 10.3390/life12091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neurodegenerative diseases are complex neurological disorders with a high incidence worldwide in older people, increasing hospital visits and requiring expensive treatments. As a precursor phase of neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment needs to be studied to understand the factors that influence its development and improve patients’ quality of life. The present review compiles possible factors and biomarkers for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment based on the most recent studies involving miRNAs. These molecules can direct the gene expression in multiple cells, affecting their behavior under certain conditions, such as stressing factors. This review encourages further research into biomarkers that identify cognitive impairment in cellular models such as astrocytes, which are brain cells capable of maintaining the optimal conditions for the central nervous system functioning. Abstract The importance of miRNAs in cellular processes and their dysregulation has taken significant importance in understanding different pathologies. Due to the constant increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) worldwide and their economic impact, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), considered a prodromal phase, is a logical starting point to study this public health problem. Multiple studies have established the importance of miRNAs in MCI, including astrocyte regulation during stressful conditions. Additionally, the protection mechanisms exerted by astrocytes against some damage in the central nervous system (CNS) lead to astrocytic reactivation, in which a differential expression of miRNAs has been shown. Nevertheless, excessive reactivation can cause neurodegeneration, and a clear pattern defining the equilibrium point between a neuroprotective or detrimental astrocytic phenotype is unknown. Therefore, the miRNA expression has gained significant attention to understand the maintenance of brain balance and improve the diagnosis and treatment at earlier stages in the ND. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the emerging role of miRNAs in cellular processes that contribute to the loss of cognitive function, including lipotoxicity, which can induce chronic inflammation, also considering the fundamental role of astrocytes in brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica E. Ramírez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Tapias
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Pedro J. Puentes-Rozo
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 080007, Colombia
| | | | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Xiao J, Zhang SQ, Chen X, Tang Y, Chen M, Shang K, Deng G, Qin C, Tian DS. Comparison of clinical and radiological characteristics in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, MOGAD and AQP4-IgG + NMOSD mimicking intracranial infection as the initial manifestation. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 66:104057. [PMID: 35870369 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several autoimmune CNS inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (A-GFAP-A), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin-G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD) often presented initially with similar symptoms mimicking intracranial infection, are not easy to be differentiated during early-onset lacking the detection of autoantibody. METHODS In our single-center cohorts, those patients mimicking intracranial infection as initial symptoms, including 9 with A-GFAP-A, 17 with MOGAD and 11 with AQP4-IgG+NMOSD, were retrospectively included. The autoantibodies were detected by cell-based assays. The clinical, immunological and radiological characteristics were summarized. RESULTS In the cohort, tremor and positive Kernig's sign were predominated in A-GFAP-A (44.4% and 77.8%, respectively) over MOGAD (5.9%, p = 0.034; 29.4%, p = 0.038) and AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (0, p = 0.026; 18.2%, p = 0.022). Ten patients (A-GFAP-A, 4; MOGAD, 5; AQP4-IgG+NMOSD, 1) were initially misdiagnosed as tubercular or viral meningoencephalitis, however, resistant to empiric anti-tuberculosis or anti-viral treatment, and finally were in partial or complete remission with the immunotherapy when adjusted treatments. On cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, white blood cell counts in CSF was higher in A-GFAP-A cohort (median, 90×106/L [IQR, 41-209]) compared to AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (median, 6 × 106/L [IQR, 1-10], p = 0.018). Importantly, the higher increase in CSF protein (1319 mg/L [IQR, 1035-1519]), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 53.9 ± 37.2 U/L), lactic acid (3.50 ± 0.88 mmol/L), IgG (130.9 ± 60.4 mg/L), IgM (8.6 ± 6.1 mg/L) and IgA (23.0 ± 11.4 mg/L) levels in A-GFAP-A was found compared to MOGAD (CSF protein: 441 mg/L [IQR, 330-776], p = 0.004; LDH: 53.9 ± 37.2 U/L, p = 0.005; lactic acid: 2.15 ± 0.62 mmol/L, p = 0.001; IgG: 77.9 ± 71.3 mg/L, p = 0.018; IgM, 2.7 ± 2.9 mg/L, p = 0.015) and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (CSF protein: 386 mg/L [IQR, 369-453], p = 0.002; LDH: 23.7 ± 11.0 U/L, p = 0.048; lactic acid: 2.40 ± 0.66 mmol/L, p = 0.040; IgG, 53.2 ± 30.3 mg/L, p = 0.015; IgM, 2.1 ± 3.9 mg/L, p = 0.004; IgA, 5.2 ± 5.0 mg/L, p < 0.001). Of Note, smaller (< 2 cm), symmetrical lesions in ganglia and thalamus (5/8, 62.5%) were showed in over half of the A-GFAP-A patients (5/8, 62.5%), but never in MOGAD (0%, p = 0.001) and AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (0%, p = 0.026). In addition, diffuse meningeal enhancement was more common in A-GFAP-A (8, 88.9%) compared to MOGAD (5, 29.4%, p = 0.011) and AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (1/6, 16.7%, p = 0.011), respectively. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) -like lesions occurred more frequently in MOGAD (6/16, 37.5%) but never in A-GFAP-A and AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that several distinct features including the symptom of tremor, higher CSF immunological profiles, bilateral symmetrical lesions in ganglia, and diffuse meningeal enhancement are frequent in A-GFAP-A, whereas ADEM-like lesions seem to occur mainly in MOGAD. These signs provide crucial clinical implications in differential diagnosis for those mimicking intracranial infection as initial symptoms. Clinicians should consider the possibility of these autoimmune CNS inflammatory diseases masquerading as intracranial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Wong YY, Wu CY, Yu D, Kim E, Wong M, Elez R, Zebarth J, Ouk M, Tan J, Liao J, Haydarian E, Li S, Fang Y, Li P, Pakosh M, Tartaglia MC, Masellis M, Swardfager W. Biofluid markers of blood-brain barrier disruption and neurodegeneration in Lewy body spectrum diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:119-128. [PMID: 35760718 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed evidence supports blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in Lewy body spectrum diseases. METHODS We compare biofluid markers in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and people with PD dementia (PDD) and/or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), compared with healthy controls (HC). Seven databases were searched up to May 10, 2021. Outcomes included cerebrospinal fluid to blood albumin ratio (Qalb), and concentrations of 7 blood protein markers that also reflect BBB disruption and/or neurodegenerative co-pathology. We further explore differences between PD patients with and without evidence of dementia. Random-effects models were used to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of 13,949 unique records, 51 studies were meta-analyzed. Compared to HC, Qalb was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 224/563; SMD = 0.960 [0.227-1.694], p = 0.010; I2 = 92.2%) and in PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 265/670; SMD = 1.126 [0.358-1.893], p < 0.001; I2 = 78.2%). Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 1848/1130; SMD = 0.747 [0.442-1.052], p < 0.001; I2 = 91.9%) and PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 183/469; SMD = 1.051 [0.678-1.423], p = 0.004; I2 = 92.7%) than in HC. p-tau 181 (NPD/NHC = 276/164; SMD = 0.698 [0.149-1.247], p = 0.013; I2 = 82.7%) was also higher in PD compared to HC. In exploratory analyses, blood NfL was higher in PD without dementia (NPDND/NHC = 1005/740; SMD = 0.252 [0.042-0.462], p = 0.018; I2 = 71.8%) and higher in PDD (NPDD/NHC = 100/111; SMD = 0.780 [0.347-1.214], p < 0.001; I2 = 46.7%) compared to HC. Qalb (NPDD/NPDND = 63/191; SMD = 0.482 [0.189-0.774], p = 0.010; I2<0.001%) and NfL (NPDD/NPDND = 100/223; SMD = 0.595 [0.346-0.844], p < 0.001; I2 = 3.4%) were higher in PDD than in PD without dementia. CONCLUSIONS Biofluid markers suggest BBB disruption and neurodegenerative co-pathology involvement in common Lewy body diseases. Greater evidence of BBB breakdown was seen in Lewy body disease with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Elez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Zebarth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Tan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Haydarian
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siming Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaolu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peihao Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Library & Information Services, UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Guedes VA, Lange RT, Lippa SM, Lai C, Greer K, Mithani S, Devoto C, A Edwards K, Wagner CL, Martin CA, Driscoll AE, Wright MM, Gillow KC, Baschenis SM, Brickell TA, French LM, Gill JM. Extracellular vesicle neurofilament light is elevated within the first 12-months following traumatic brain injury in a U.S military population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4002. [PMID: 35256615 PMCID: PMC8901614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be associated with long-term neurobehavioral symptoms. Here, we examined levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in extracellular vesicles isolated from blood, and their relationship with TBI severity and neurobehavioral symptom reporting. Participants were 218 service members and veterans who sustained uncomplicated mild TBIs (mTBI, n = 107); complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBIs (smcTBI, n = 66); or Injured controls (IC, orthopedic injury without TBI, n = 45). Within one year after injury, but not after, NfL was higher in the smcTBI group than mTBI (p = 0.001, d = 0.66) and IC (p = 0.001, d = 0.35) groups, which remained after controlling for demographics and injury characteristics. NfL also discriminated the smcTBI group from IC (AUC:77.5%, p < 0.001) and mTBI (AUC:76.1%, p < 0.001) groups. No other group differences were observed for NfL or GFAP at either timepoint. NfL correlated with post-concussion symptoms (rs = - 0.38, p = 0.04) in the mTBI group, and with PTSD symptoms in mTBI (rs = - 0.43, p = 0.021) and smcTBI groups (rs = - 0.40, p = 0.024) within one year after injury, which was not confirmed in regression models. Our results suggest the potential of NfL, a protein previously linked to axonal damage, as a diagnostic biomarker that distinguishes TBI severity within the first year after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Guedes
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rael T Lange
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara M Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kisha Greer
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sara Mithani
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Christina Devoto
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Katie A Edwards
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Chelsea L Wagner
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Carina A Martin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Angela E Driscoll
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan M Wright
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Kelly C Gillow
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Samantha M Baschenis
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Tracey A Brickell
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louis M French
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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15
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Liao H, Chen Q, Zhang M, Chen W. MRI features and evolution of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 58:103512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Fæste CK, Solhaug A, Gaborit M, Pierre F, Massotte D. Neurotoxic Potential of Deoxynivalenol in Murine Brain Cell Lines and Primary Hippocampal Cultures. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:48. [PMID: 35051025 PMCID: PMC8778863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) from grain-based food and feed affects human and animal health. Known consequences include entereopathogenic and immunotoxic defects; however, the neurotoxic potential of DON has only come into focus more recently due to the observation of behavioural disorders in exposed farm animals. DON can cross the blood-brain barrier and interfere with the homeostasis/functioning of the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we have investigated the impact of DON on mouse astrocyte and microglia cell lines, as well as on primary hippocampal cultures by analysing different toxicological endpoints. We found that DON has an impact on the viability of both glial cell types, as shown by a significant decrease of metabolic activity, and a notable cytotoxic effect, which was stronger in the microglia. In astrocytes, DON caused a G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle and a decrease of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was secreted in the microglia in response to DON exposure. Furthermore, the intermediate filaments of the astrocytic cytoskeleton were disturbed in primary hippocampal cultures, and the dendrite lengths of neurons were shortened. The combined results indicated DON's considerable potential to interfere with the brain cell physiology, which helps explain the observed in vivo neurotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Marion Gaborit
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Pierre
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
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17
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Iwami K, Nomura T, Seo S, Nojima S, Tsuzaka K, Kimura A, Shimohata T, Yabe I. Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy Presenting with Area Postrema Syndrome-Like Symptoms without Medulla Oblongata Lesions. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:433-438. [PMID: 35421859 DOI: 10.1159/000524344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently described steroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis positive for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-GFAP antibody. Area postrema syndrome (APS) involves intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting, which is caused by medulla oblongata (MO) impairment. APS is a characteristic symptom of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoimmunity, and it helps to differentiate between AQP4 and GFAP autoimmunity. Conversely, although 6 cases of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with APS and MO lesions have been reported, the association between GFAP autoimmunity and APS is unclear. We report the case of a patient with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presenting with APS-like symptoms without MO lesions and discuss the mechanisms underlying the symptoms. METHODS CSF anti-GFAP antibody was detected using cell-based assays and immunohistochemical assays. RESULTS A 54-year-old Japanese man developed persistent hiccups, intermittent vomiting, fever, anorexia, and inattention. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed periventricular lesions with radial linear periventricular enhancement, suggesting autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. However, no obvious MO lesions were identified on thin-slice images. Spinal cord MRI revealed hazy lesions with patchy enhancement along the cervical and thoracic cord. CSF analysis demonstrated inflammation, with positive results for anti-GFAP antibodies. Anti-AQP4 antibodies in the serum and CSF were negative. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and vonoprazan, mosapride, and rikkunshito were effective only against persistent hiccups. Steroid therapy was initiated, allowing clinical and radiological improvements. Repeated MRIs demonstrated no obvious MO lesions. CONCLUSION This report suggests that autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy presents with APS-like symptoms without obvious MO lesions. The possible causes of hiccups were gastroparesis and cervical cord lesions. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was not considered a major cause of the hiccups. Intermittent vomiting appeared to be associated with gastroparesis, cervical cord lesions, and viral-like symptoms. Testing for anti-GFAP antibodies should be considered in patients with APS-like symptoms in the context of typical clinical-MRI features of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Iwami
- Department of Neurology, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Taichi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Sho Seo
- Department of Neurology, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | - Shingo Nojima
- Department of Neurology, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Kushiro, Japan
| | | | - Akio Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Xiao J, Chen X, Shang K, Tang Y, Chen M, Deng G, Qin C, Tian DS. Clinical, neuroradiological, diagnostic and prognostic profile of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A pooled analysis of 324 cases from published data and a single-center retrospective study. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 360:577718. [PMID: 34600199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently defined autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis, associated with GFAP-IgG antibody. A pooled analysis of 324 cases from published literature and a retrospective single-center study were performed, firstly reveals the possibility that patients with myelitic lesions respond better to initial immunotherapy, but are prone to relapse, suggesting a more aggressive and long-term immunosuppressive medication for them. Moreover, our results showed using tacrolimus at maintenance stage exhibited a less tendency to relapse, providing a possibly new choice to future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Fulton RE, Pearson-Smith JN, Huynh CQ, Fabisiak T, Liang LP, Aivazidis S, High BA, Buscaglia G, Corrigan T, Valdez R, Shimizu T, Patel MN. Neuron-specific mitochondrial oxidative stress results in epilepsy, glucose dysregulation and a striking astrocyte response. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105470. [PMID: 34371143 PMCID: PMC8939287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) production is implicated in aging, neurodegenerative disease, and most recently epilepsy. Yet the specific contribution of neuronal O2- to these phenomena is unclear. Here, we selectively deleted superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) in neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (NEX)-expressing cells restricting deletion to a subset of excitatory principle neurons primarily in the forebrain (cortex and hippocampus). This resulted in nSOD2 KO mice that lived into adulthood (2-3 months) with epilepsy, selective loss of neurons, metabolic rewiring and a marked mitohormetic gene response. Surprisingly, expression of an astrocytic gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was significantly increased relative to WT. Further studies in rat primary neuron-glial cultures showed that increased mitochondrial O2-, specifically in neurons, was sufficient to upregulate GFAP. These results suggest that neuron-specific mitochondrial O2- is sufficient to drive a complex and catastrophic epileptic phenotype and highlights the ability of SOD2 to act in a cell-nonautonomous manner to influence an astrocytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer N Pearson-Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher Q Huynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Fabisiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefanos Aivazidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brigit A High
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy Corrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Manisha N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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20
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Cabezas JA, Bustamante A, Giannini N, Pecharroman E, Katsanos AH, Tsivgoulis G, Rozanski M, Audebert H, Mondello S, Llombart V, Montaner J. Discriminative value of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) as a diagnostic tool in acute stroke. Individual patient data meta-analysis. J Investig Med 2020; 68:1379-1385. [PMID: 32907910 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) in serum has been evaluated as a promising biomarker to differentiate between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We assessed its value as diagnostic and prognostic tool for ICH through a literature systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.We performed a systematic search in PubMed database until November 2018 for publications that evaluated GFAP to differentiate AIS and ICH within 4.5 hours after symptoms onset. Thereafter, we invited authors of selected studies to participate in this work by providing IPD from their cohorts. We used standardized individual subject's data to evaluate the association of GFAP concentrations with stroke subtype, demographics, stroke characteristics and factors related with GFAP measurement.From 4 selected studies, we collected data of 340 patients (236 AIS and 104 ICH). Standardized GFAP blood levels were significantly elevated in ICH compared with those with AIS (median and IQR: 0.84 (0.781-1.24), 0.79 (0.74-0.81); p<0.0001). In both stroke types, GFAP concentrations correlated with baseline stroke severity (r=0.27, p<0.0001; r=0.36, p<0.001; for AIS and ICH, respectively) but no correlation was found regarding time to sampling. Limited data precluded the evaluation of GFAP levels and functional outcome.These findings demonstrate substantially different levels of GFAP in the blood of patients with ICH compared with patients with AIS soon after the event, while no association was found with outcome. In summary, GFAP could be a valuable diagnostic tool to assist in medical decision-making and to optimize management of stroke in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Pecharroman
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michal Rozanski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Audebert
- Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Victor Llombart
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain .,Neurovascular Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Yang X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Chen G, Zhao L, Yang P, Li H, Long Y. Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy mimics infectious meningitis: Two case reports. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102350. [PMID: 32645637 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (A-GFAP-A) has been recently characterized as a novel autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorder with GFAP antibody as the biomarker. However, nonspecific symptoms of A-GFAP-A contribute to misdiagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION The patients presented with initial symptoms of fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity. Case 1 exhibited mild signs of irritability, active tendon reflexes, and dysuria; case 2 had transient loss of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed lymphocytosis, elevated protein level, and decreased glucose level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed radial gadolinium enhancement perpendicular to the lateral ventricle. Viral meningitis or tubercular meningitis was suspected. However, their inflammatory and pathogenic indicators showed no abnormal changes, and empirical antibiotic and antiviral drugs did not result in remarkable recovery. Subsequently, cases were detected with a strongly positive expression of GFAP antibody in CSF and the symptoms improved dramatically after high-dose methylprednisolone pulse treatment. CONCLUSION A-GFAP-A with meningitis-like symptoms could initially masquerade as intracranial infection, and prompt detection of GFAP antibody is essential for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Guisheng Chen
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 75004, China
| | - Huilu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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22
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Abstract
Purpose of review To describe a recently characterized autoimmune, inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder known as autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy. Recent findings Affected patients present with symptoms of one or more of meningitis (headache and neck ache), encephalitis (delirium, tremor, seizures, or psychiatric symptoms), and myelitis (sensory symptoms and weakness). Optic disc papillitis (blurred vision) is common. CNS inflammation is evident in characteristic T1 postgadolinium enhancement of GFAP-enriched CNS regions, and lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell count elevation. CSF is more reliable than serum for GFAP-immunoglobulin G (IgG) testing. Ovarian teratoma commonly coexists, particularly among patients with accompanying N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor or aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Parainfectious autoimmunity is suspected in some other patients, though the culprit organism is rarely verified. Pathophysiologic relevance of T cells is underscored by neuropathology and cases of dysregulated T-cell function (HIV or checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy). Corticosteroid-responsiveness is a hallmark of the disease. Relapses occur in approximately 20% of patients, necessitating transition to a steroid-sparing drug. Reported outcomes vary, though in the authors’ experience, early and sustained intervention usually portends recovery. Summary Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy is a treatable autoimmune CNS disease diagnosable by GFAP-IgG testing in CSF. This disease presents opportunities to explore novel mechanisms of CNS autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Estiasari R, Firdausia S, Wulandari D, Maharani K, Sitorus F, Pangeran D, Imran D. Neuromyelitis optic with positive Anti-AQP4 and Anti-SSA/Ro antibody. Neurol Int 2019; 11:7958. [PMID: 30996845 PMCID: PMC6444563 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2019.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis Optic (NMO) is an inflammatory disorder involving central nervous system which often co-exists with other autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). NMO manifestation could precede or follow SS, but the role of anti-SSA in the pathogenesis of NMO remains unclear. We present a case of NMO with anti-AQP4 anti-SSA antibody positive. A-44-year-old female presented with right side weakness. The symptoms began with numbness that improved spontaneously. She also complained pain and dry sensations on her eyes. Schirmer test on her left eye, antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-SSA antibody were positive. Cervical MRI revealed intramedullary lesion on T2-weighted-image at C2-C5 level. She was diagnosed as NMO with positive anti-AQP4 and probable SS. She received 1g methylprednisolone for 5 days proceeded with mycophenolic acid. One-year observation showed clinical improvement. Systemic autoantibodies must substansially be evaluated in NMO. Comprehensive diagnosis and providing appropriate immuno-suppressant might prevent further disability and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dewi Wulandari
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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