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Dubot P, Sabourdy F, Levade T. Human genetic defects of sphingolipid synthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38706107 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous lipids, present in the membranes of all cell types, the stratum corneum and the circulating lipoproteins. Autosomal recessive as well as dominant diseases due to disturbed sphingolipid biosynthesis have been identified, including defects in the synthesis of ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids. In many instances, these gene variants result in the loss of catalytic function of the mutated enzymes. Additional gene defects implicate the subcellular localization of the sphingolipid-synthesizing enzyme, the regulation of its activity, or even the function of a sphingolipid-transporter protein. The resulting metabolic alterations lead to two major, non-exclusive types of clinical manifestations: a neurological disease, more or less rapidly progressive, associated or not with intellectual disability, and an ichthyotic-type skin disorder. These phenotypes highlight the critical importance of sphingolipids in brain and skin development and homeostasis. The present article reviews the clinical symptoms, genetic and biochemical alterations, pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic options of this relatively novel group of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dubot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1037, CNRS 5071, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherches, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frédérique Sabourdy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1037, CNRS 5071, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1037, CNRS 5071, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Naruse H, Ishiura H, Esaki K, Mitsui J, Satake W, Greimel P, Shingai N, Machino Y, Kokubo Y, Hamaguchi H, Oda T, Ikkaku T, Yokota I, Takahashi Y, Suzuki Y, Matsukawa T, Goto J, Koh K, Takiyama Y, Morishita S, Yoshikawa T, Tsuji S, Toda T. SPTLC2 variants are associated with early-onset ALS and FTD due to aberrant sphingolipid synthesis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:946-957. [PMID: 38316966 PMCID: PMC11021611 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, incurable neurodegenerative disease. A subset of ALS patients manifests with early-onset and complex clinical phenotypes. We aimed to elucidate the genetic basis of these cases to enhance our understanding of disease etiology and facilitate the development of targeted therapies. METHODS Our research commenced with an in-depth genetic and biochemical investigation of two specific families, each with a member diagnosed with early-onset ALS (onset age of <40 years). This involved whole-exome sequencing, trio analysis, protein structure analysis, and sphingolipid measurements. Subsequently, we expanded our analysis to 62 probands with early-onset ALS and further included 440 patients with adult-onset ALS and 1163 healthy controls to assess the prevalence of identified genetic variants. RESULTS We identified heterozygous variants in the serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2) gene in patients with early-onset ALS. These variants, located in a region closely adjacent to ORMDL3, bear similarities to SPTLC1 variants previously implicated in early-onset ALS. Patients with ALS carrying these SPTLC2 variants displayed elevated plasma ceramide levels, indicative of increased serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activity leading to sphingolipid overproduction. INTERPRETATION Our study revealed novel SPTLC2 variants in patients with early-onset ALS exhibiting frontotemporal dementia. The combination of genetic evidence and the observed elevation in plasma ceramide levels establishes a crucial link between dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism and ALS pathogenesis. These findings expand our understanding of ALS's genetic diversity and highlight the distinct roles of gene defects within SPT subunits in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Precision Medicine Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of NeurologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life SciencesSojo UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Precision Medicine Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Wataru Satake
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Centre for Brain SciencesWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Nanoka Shingai
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of EngineeringSojo UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuka Machino
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuMieJapan
| | - Yasumasa Kokubo
- Kii ALS/PDC Research Center, Graduate School of Regional Innovation StudiesMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
| | | | - Tetsuya Oda
- Department of NeurologyKita‐Harima Medical CenterOnoHyogoJapan
| | - Tomoko Ikkaku
- Division of NeurologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
- Department of NeurologyHyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central HospitalKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Ichiro Yokota
- Division of NeurologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Hyogo‐Chuo National HospitalSandaHyogoJapan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of NeurologyNational Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChibaJapan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Jun Goto
- Department of NeurologyInternational University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Department of NeurologyYumura Onsen HospitalYamanashiJapan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Department of NeurologyFuefuki Central HospitalYamanashiJapan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChibaJapan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute of Medical GenomicsInternational University of Health and WelfareChibaJapan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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3
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Shy ME. Genetics, cell biology and a novel mechanism for ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024; 95:199-200. [PMID: 38041662 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Shy
- Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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4
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Mohassel P, Abdullah M, Eichler FS, Dunn TM. Serine Palmitoyltransferase (SPT)-related Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:735-747. [PMID: 38788085 PMCID: PMC11307022 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases and peripheral neuropathies are heterogeneous groups of neurodegenerative disorders that manifest with distinct symptoms due to progressive dysfunction or loss of specific neuronal subpopulations during different stages of development. A few monogenic, neurodegenerative diseases associated with primary metabolic disruptions of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently discovered. Sphingolipids are a subclass of lipids that form critical building blocks of all cellular and subcellular organelle membranes including the membrane components of the nervous system cells. They are especially abundant within the lipid portion of myelin. In this review, we will focus on our current understanding of disease phenotypes in three monogenic, neuromuscular diseases associated with pathogenic variants in components of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. These include hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), a sensory predominant peripheral neuropathy, and two neurodegenerative disorders: juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affecting the upper and lower motor neurons with sparing of sensory neurons, and a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia with selective involvement of the upper motor neurons and more broad CNS neurodegeneration. We will also review our current understanding of disease pathomechanisms, therapeutic approaches, and the unanswered questions to explore in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohassel
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meher Abdullah
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Florian S. Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chan ACY, Kumar S, Tan G, Wong HY, Ong JJY, Chandra B, Huang H, Sharma VK, Lai PS. Expanding the genetic causes of small-fiber neuropathy: SCN genes and beyond. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:259-271. [PMID: 36448457 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a disorder that exclusively affects the small nerve fibers, sparing the large nerve fibers. Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers and unmyelinated C-fibers are damaged, leading to development of neuropathic pain, thermal dysfunction, sensory symptoms, and autonomic disturbances. Although many SFNs are secondary and due to immunological causes or metabolic disturbances, the etiology is unknown in up to half of the patients. Over the years, this proportion of "idiopathic SFN" has decreased, as familial and genetic causes have been discovered, thus shifting a proportion of once "idiopathic" cases to the genetic category. After the discovery of SCN9A-gene variants in 2012, SCN10A and SCN11A variants have been found to be pathogenic in SFN. With improved accessibility of SFN diagnostic tools and genetic tests, many non-SCN variants and genetically inherited systemic diseases involving the small nerve fibers have also been described, but only scattered throughout the literature. There are 80 SCN variants described as causing SFN, 8 genes causing hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) described with pure SFN, and at least 7 genes involved in genetically inherited systemic diseases associated with SFN. This systematic review aims to consolidate and provide an updated overview on the genetic variants of SFN to date---SCN genes and beyond. Awareness of these genetic causes of SFN is imperative for providing treatment directions, prognostication, and management of expectations for patients and their health-care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Y Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shivaram Kumar
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Tan
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Yi Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan J Y Ong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bharatendu Chandra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Adjunct Faculty, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Shen Y, Peng Y, Huang P, Zheng Y, Li S, Jiang K, Zhou M, Deng J, Zhu M, Hong D. Juvenile-onset PSAT1-related neuropathy: A milder phenotype of serine deficiency disorder. Front Genet 2022; 13:949038. [PMID: 36061210 PMCID: PMC9428789 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.949038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary serine deficiency disorders have a broad range of the phenotypic spectrum. As an inborn error of metabolism, individuals with severe phenotype may be easily recognized with Neu-Laxova syndrome. However, late-onset mild phenotypes may be underdiagnosed and will lead to disastrous consequences due to treatment delays. Materials and Methods: Clinical features of patients with serine deficiency disorders were summarized in two unrelated patients. Skin and sural nerve biopsies were conducted on the patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the index patients. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze family cosegregation. Results: Patient 1 was a 19-year-old male presenting with infancy-onset ichthyosis and juvenile-onset neuropathy. Patient 2 was a 17-year-old male manifesting childhood-onset ichthyosis and juvenile-onset neuropathy. Except for nystagmus, no other developmental or neurodegenerative disorders were found in the patients. Electrophysiological studies indicated a severe sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with a possible demyelinating component. High-dose oral L-serine and glycine completely alleviated skin lesions and only slightly improved neuropathy symptoms. Skin biopsies showed typical features consistent with ichthyosis and severe loss of unmyelinated axons. Sural biopsies revealed a severe loss of axons and a few thinly myelinated fibers. WES found the same homozygous variant c.43G > C (p.A15P) in the PSAT1 gene, which was cosegregated in the two families. Conclusions: The skin and nervous system may be the main affected targets in serine deficiency disorders. Our patients show a more simple and mild phenotype of PSAT1-related serine deficiency disorder. The pathological changes and regenerative ability of skin and peripheral nerves determine their response to serine supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yilei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shumeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaiyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Min Zhu, ; Daojun Hong,
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Min Zhu, ; Daojun Hong,
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7
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Quinville BM, Deschenes NM, Ryckman AE, Walia JS. A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115793. [PMID: 34071409 PMCID: PMC8198874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders.
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8
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Ghosh S, Tourtellotte WG. The Complex Clinical and Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:487-509. [PMID: 33497257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-030320-100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy (HPN) is a complex group of neurological disorders caused by mutations in genes expressed by neurons and Schwann cells. The inheritance of a single mutation or multiple mutations in several genes leads to disease phenotype. Patients exhibit symptoms during development, at an early age or later in adulthood. Most of the mechanistic understanding about these neuropathies comes from animal models and histopathological analyses of postmortem human tissues. Diagnosis is often very complex due to the heterogeneity and overlap in symptoms and the frequent overlap between various genes and different mutations they possess. Some symptoms in HPN are common through different subtypes such as axonal degeneration, demyelination, and loss of motor and sensory neurons, leading to similar physiologic abnormalities. Recent advances in gene-targeted therapies, genetic engineering, and next-generation sequencing have augmented our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
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Structural insights into the regulation of human serine palmitoyltransferase complexes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:240-248. [PMID: 33558761 PMCID: PMC9812531 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential lipids in eukaryotic membranes. In humans, the first and rate-limiting step of sphingolipid synthesis is catalyzed by the serine palmitoyltransferase holocomplex, which consists of catalytic components (SPTLC1 and SPTLC2) and regulatory components (ssSPTa and ORMDL3). However, the assembly, substrate processing and regulation of the complex are unclear. Here, we present 8 cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human serine palmitoyltransferase holocomplex in various functional states at resolutions of 2.6-3.4 Å. The structures reveal not only how catalytic components recognize the substrate, but also how regulatory components modulate the substrate-binding tunnel to control enzyme activity: ssSPTa engages SPTLC2 and shapes the tunnel to determine substrate specificity. ORMDL3 blocks the tunnel and competes with substrate binding through its amino terminus. These findings provide mechanistic insights into sphingolipid biogenesis governed by the serine palmitoyltransferase complex.
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10
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Saba S, Chen Y, Maddipati KR, Hackett M, Hu B, Li J. Demyelination in hereditary sensory neuropathy type-1C. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1502-1512. [PMID: 32730653 PMCID: PMC7480917 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sphingolipids are enriched in the nerves. Serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the key step of sphingolipids biosynthesis. Mutations in SPT subunits (SPTLC) lead to the excessive production of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids (DoxSLs) in patients with Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type-1C (HSN1C). HSN1C is an autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy characterized by sensory loss and distal muscle weakness. In this study, by leveraging a HSN1C family with a previously reported N177D mutation in SPTLC2, we aim to further define the spectrum of DoxSL species and the peripheral neve pathology of the disease. METHODS Next-generation sequencing along with Sanger confirmation was performed for family members and healthy controls. LC-MS was used for lipidomic analysis in participants' plasma. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) was performed to study sciatic nerve pathologies. RESULTS A heterozygous N177D mutation in SPTLC2 was co-segregated in individuals with sensory-motor deficits in the limbs. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) revealed nonuniform slowing of conduction velocities. In line with the NCS, qMRI detected a pattern of nerve changes similar to those in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies. Additionally, we detected a significant increase in multiple species of deoxysphingoid bases and deoxyceramides in patients' plasma. INTERPRETATION Mutations in the SPTLC2 cause a demyelinating phenotype resembling those in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy. The species of increased DoxSLs in HSN1C may be more diverse than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saba
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of NeurologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Department of PathologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Melody Hackett
- Department of NeurologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of NeurologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
| | - Jun Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Department of NeurologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichigan
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11
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Pant DC, Aguilera-Albesa S, Pujol A. Ceramide signalling in inherited and multifactorial brain metabolic diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105014. [PMID: 32653675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, has attracted increased attention, revealing the important roles and many functions of these molecules in several human neurological disorders. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of sphingolipids, e.g., ceramide and its derivatives, which compose the major portion of this group, particularly in the form of myelin. Ceramides have also emerged as important nodes for lipid signalling, both inside the cell and between cells. Until recently, knowledge about ceramides in the nervous system was limited, but currently, multiple links between ceramide signalling and neurological diseases have been reported. Alterations in the regulation of ceramide pathobiology have been shown to influence the risk of developing neurometabolic diseases. Thus, these molecules are critically important in the maintenance and development of the nervous system and are culprits or major contributors to the development of brain disorders, either inherited or multifactorial. In the present review, we highlight the critical role of ceramide signalling in several different neurological disorders as well as the effects of their perturbations and discuss how this emerging class of bioactive sphingolipids has attracted interest in the field of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Irunlarrea 4, 310620 Pamplona, Spain; Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Research Foundation, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via 199, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100995. [PMID: 31445071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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13
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100988. [PMID: 31132366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules, and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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14
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A Novel Variant (Asn177Asp) in SPTLC2 Causing Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type 1C. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:182-191. [PMID: 30955194 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited, slowly progressive and length-dependent axonal peripheral neuropathy. HSAN1 is associated with several mutations in serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. HSAN1 mutations alter the substrate specificity of SPT, which leads to the formation of 1-deoxysphingolipids, an atypical and neurotoxic subclass of sphingolipids. This study describes the clinical and neurophysiological phenotype of a German family with a novel SPTCL2 mutation (c.529A > G; N177D) associated with HSAN1 and the biochemical characterization of this mutation.) The mutaion was identified in five family members that segregated with the diesease. Patients were characterized genetically and clinically for neurophysiological function. Their plasma sphingolipid profiles were analyzed by LC-MS. The biochemical properties of the mutation were characterized in a cell-based activity assay. Affected family members showed elevated 1-deoxysphingolipid plasma levels. HEK293 cells expressing the N177D SPTLC2 mutant showed increased de novo 1-deoxysphingolipid formation, but also displayed elevated canonical SPT activity and increased C20 sphingoid base production. This study identifies the SPTLC2 N177D variant as a novel disease-causing mutation with increased 1-deoxySL formation and its association with a typical HSAN1 phenotype.
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15
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Wu J, Ma S, Sandhoff R, Ming Y, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Timmerman V, Bonello-Palot N, Schlotter-Weigel B, Auer-Grumbach M, Seeman P, Löscher WN, Reindl M, Weiss F, Mah E, Weisshaar N, Madi A, Mohr K, Schlimbach T, Velasco Cárdenas RMH, Koeppel J, Grünschläger F, Müller L, Baumeister M, Brügger B, Schmitt M, Wabnitz G, Samstag Y, Cui G. Loss of Neurological Disease HSAN-I-Associated Gene SPTLC2 Impairs CD8 + T Cell Responses to Infection by Inhibiting T Cell Metabolic Fitness. Immunity 2019; 50:1218-1231.e5. [PMID: 30952607 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the neurological disorder HSAN-I suffer frequent infections, attributed to a lack of pain sensation and failure to seek care for minor injuries. Whether protective CD8+ T cells are affected in HSAN-I patients remains unknown. Here, we report that HSAN-I-associated mutations in serine palmitoyltransferase subunit SPTLC2 dampened human T cell responses. Antigen stimulation and inflammation induced SPTLC2 expression, and murine T-cell-specific ablation of Sptlc2 impaired antiviral-T-cell expansion and effector function. Sptlc2 deficiency reduced sphingolipid biosynthetic flux and led to prolonged activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and CD8+ T cell death. Protective CD8+ T cell responses in HSAN-I patient PBMCs and Sptlc2-deficient mice were restored by supplementing with sphingolipids and pharmacologically inhibiting ER stress-induced cell death. Therefore, SPTLC2 underpins protective immunity by translating extracellular stimuli into intracellular anabolic signals and antagonizes ER stress to promote T cell metabolic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wu
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sicong Ma
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanan Ming
- Internal Medicine IV, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Core Facility Omics IT and Data Management, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, B-2610, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre & Aix Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Neurologische Klinik and Poliklinik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, 2nd Medical School, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang N Löscher
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern, Germany
| | - Eric Mah
- School of Medicine, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alaa Madi
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilo Schlimbach
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rubí M-H Velasco Cárdenas
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Koeppel
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Grünschläger
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisann Müller
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maren Baumeister
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Internal Medicine V, University Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Schwartz NU, Mileva I, Gurevich M, Snider J, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Quantifying 1-deoxydihydroceramides and 1-deoxyceramides in mouse nervous system tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:40-48. [PMID: 30790665 PMCID: PMC6467697 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs) has been implicated in many neural diseases, although mechanisms remain unclear. A major obstacle limiting understanding of deoxySLs has been the lack of a method easily defining measurement of deoxydihydroceramide (deoxydhCer) and deoxyceramide (deoxyCer) in neural tissues. Furthermore, it is poorly understood if deoxySLs accumulate in the nervous system with aging. To facilitate investigation of deoxydhCer and deoxyCer in nervous system tissue, we developed a method to evaluate levels of these lipids in mouse brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Many deoxydhCers and brain C24-deoxyCer were present at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. Furthermore, while ceramide levels decreased with age, deoxydhCers increased in sciatic nerve and spinal cord, suggesting they may accumulate in peripheral nerves. C22-deoxydhCer was the highest deoxydhCer species in all tissues, suggesting it may be important physiologically. The development of this method will facilitate straightforward profiling of deoxydhCers and deoxyCers and the study of their metabolism and function. These results also reveal that deoxydhCers accumulate in peripheral nerves with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas U Schwartz
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Mikhail Gurevich
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Justin Snider
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States.
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17
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Triplett J, Nicholson G, Sue C, Hornemann T, Yiannikas C. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IC accompanied by upper motor neuron abnormalities and type II juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasias. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:224-229. [PMID: 30866134 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN-1) is an autosomal dominant sensory neuropathy occurring secondary to mutations in the SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 genes. We present two generations of a single family with Ser384Phe mutation in the SPTLC2 gene located on chromosome 14q24 characterized by a typical HSAN-1c presentation, with additional findings upper motor neuron signs, early demyelinating features on nerve conduction studies, and type II juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasias also known as macular telangiectasias (MacTel II). Although HSAN1 is characterized as an axonal neuropathy, demyelinating features were identified in two subjects on serial nerve conduction studies comprising motor conduction block, temporal dispersion, and prolongation of F-waves. MacTell II is a rare syndrome characterized by bilateral macular depigmentation and Müller cell loss. It has a presumed genetic basis, and these cases suggest that the accumulation of toxic sphingoplipids may lead to Müller cell degeneration, subsequent neuronal loss, depigmentation, and progressive central macular thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Triplett
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn Sue
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Con Yiannikas
- Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Magaye RR, Savira F, Hua Y, Kelly DJ, Reid C, Flynn B, Liew D, Wang BH. The role of dihydrosphingolipids in disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1107-1134. [PMID: 30523364 PMCID: PMC11105797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrosphingolipids refer to sphingolipids early in the biosynthetic pathway that do not contain a C4-trans-double bond in the sphingoid backbone: 3-ketosphinganine (3-ketoSph), dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P) and dihydroceramide (dhCer). Recent advances in research related to sphingolipid biochemistry have shed light on the importance of sphingolipids in terms of cellular signalling in health and disease. However, dihydrosphingolipids have received less attention and research is lacking especially in terms of their molecular mechanisms of action. This is despite studies implicating them in the pathophysiology of disease, for example dhCer in predicting type 2 diabetes in obese individuals, dhS1P in cardiovascular diseases and dhSph in hepato-renal toxicity. This review gives a comprehensive summary of research in the last 10-15 years on the dihydrosphingolipids, 3-ketoSph, dhSph, dhS1P and dhCer, and their relevant roles in different diseases. It also highlights gaps in research that could be of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Magaye
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Feby Savira
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yue Hua
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernard Flynn
- Australian Translational Medicinal Chemistry Facility, Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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19
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Goins L, Spassieva S. Sphingoid bases and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:65-73. [PMID: 30377075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases (also known as long-chain bases) form the backbone of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids comprise a large group of lipid molecules, which function as the building blocks of biological membranes and play important signaling and regulatory roles within cells. The roles of sphingoid bases in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration have yet to be fully elucidated, as they are complex and multi-faceted. This comprises a new frontier of research that may provide us with important clues regarding their involvement in neurological health and disease. This paper explores various neurological diseases and conditions which result when the metabolism of sphingoid bases and some of their derivatives, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and psychosine, becomes compromised due to the inhibition or mutation of key enzymes. Dysregulation of sphingoid base metabolism very often manifests with neurological symptoms, as sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system, where they play important signaling and regulatory roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Goins
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stefka Spassieva
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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20
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Harrison PJ, Dunn T, Campopiano DJ. Sphingolipid biosynthesis in man and microbes. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:921-954. [PMID: 29863195 PMCID: PMC6148460 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new review covering up to 2018 Sphingolipids are essential molecules that, despite their long history, are still stimulating interest today. The reasons for this are that, as well as playing structural roles within cell membranes, they have also been shown to perform a myriad of cell signalling functions vital to the correct function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Indeed, sphingolipid disregulation that alters the tightly-controlled balance of these key lipids has been closely linked to a number of diseases such as diabetes, asthma and various neuropathologies. Sphingolipid biogenesis, metabolism and regulation is mediated by a large number of enzymes, proteins and second messengers. There appears to be a core pathway common to all sphingolipid-producing organisms but recent studies have begun to dissect out important, species-specific differences. Many of these have only recently been discovered and in most cases the molecular and biochemical details are only beginning to emerge. Where there is a direct link from classic biochemistry to clinical symptoms, a number a drug companies have undertaken a medicinal chemistry campaign to try to deliver a therapeutic intervention to alleviate a number of diseases. Where appropriate, we highlight targets where natural products have been exploited as useful tools. Taking all these aspects into account this review covers the structural, mechanistic and regulatory features of sphingolipid biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Harrison
- School of Chemistry
, University of Edinburgh
,
David Brewster Road
, Edinburgh
, EH9 3FJ
, UK
.
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
, Uniformed Services University
,
Bethesda
, Maryland
20814
, USA
| | - Dominic J. Campopiano
- School of Chemistry
, University of Edinburgh
,
David Brewster Road
, Edinburgh
, EH9 3FJ
, UK
.
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21
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Wilson ER, Kugathasan U, Abramov AY, Clark AJ, Bennett DLH, Reilly MM, Greensmith L, Kalmar B. Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1-associated deoxysphingolipids cause neurotoxicity, acute calcium handling abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:1-14. [PMID: 29778900 PMCID: PMC6060082 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSN-1) is a peripheral neuropathy most frequently caused by mutations in the SPTLC1 or SPTLC2 genes, which code for two subunits of the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT catalyzes the first step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Mutations in SPT result in a change in enzyme substrate specificity, which causes the production of atypical deoxysphinganine and deoxymethylsphinganine, rather than the normal enzyme product, sphinganine. Levels of these abnormal compounds are elevated in blood of HSN-1 patients and this is thought to cause the peripheral motor and sensory nerve damage that is characteristic of the disease, by a largely unresolved mechanism. In this study, we show that exogenous application of these deoxysphingoid bases causes dose- and time-dependent neurotoxicity in primary mammalian neurons, as determined by analysis of cell survival and neurite length. Acutely, deoxysphingoid base neurotoxicity manifests in abnormal Ca2+ handling by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria as well as dysregulation of cell membrane store-operated Ca2+ channels. The changes in intracellular Ca2+ handling are accompanied by an early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in deoxysphingoid base-treated motor and sensory neurons. Thus, these results suggest that exogenous deoxysphingoid base application causes neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ handling deficits, which may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HSN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Umaiyal Kugathasan
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alex J Clark
- Neural Injury Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David L H Bennett
- Neural Injury Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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22
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Dei Cas M, Ghidoni R. Cancer Prevention and Therapy with Polyphenols: Sphingolipid-Mediated Mechanisms. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070940. [PMID: 30037082 PMCID: PMC6073226 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, chemically characterized by a polyhydroxylated phenolic structure, are well known for their widespread pharmacological properties: anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiseptic, antitumor, antiallergic, cardioprotective and others. Their distribution in food products is also extensive especially in plant foods such as vegetables, cereals, legumes, fruits, nuts and certain beverages. The latest scientific literature outlines a resilient interconnection between cancer modulation and dietary polyphenols by sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms, usually correlated with a modification of their metabolism. We aim to extensively survey this relationship to show how it could be advantageous in cancer treatment or prevention by nutrients. From this analysis it emerges that a combination of classical chemotherapy with nutrients and especially with polyphenols dietary sources may improve efficacy and decreases negative side effects of the antineoplastic drug. In this multifaceted scenario, sphingolipids play a pivotal role as bioactive molecules, emerging as the mediators of cell proliferation in cancer and modulator of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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23
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Auranen M, Toppila J, Suriyanarayanan S, Lone MA, Paetau A, Tyynismaa H, Hornemann T, Ylikallio E. Clinical and metabolic consequences of L-serine supplementation in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1C. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a002212. [PMID: 29042446 PMCID: PMC5701299 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) may be the first genetic neuropathy amenable to a specific mechanism-based treatment, as L-serine supplementation can be used to lower the neurotoxic levels of 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySL) that cause the neurodegeneration. The treatment is so far untested in HSAN1C caused by variants in the serine palmitoyl transferase subunit 2 (SPTLC2) gene. The aim of this study was to establish whether oral L-serine lowers 1-deoxySL in a patient with HSAN1C, to perform a dose escalation to find the minimal effective dose, and to assess the safety profile and global metabolic effects of the treatment. Our patient underwent a 52-wk treatment in which the L-serine dose was titrated up to 400 mg/kg/day. She was followed up by repeated clinical examination, nerve conduction testing, and skin biopsies to document effects on small nerve fibers. Serum was assayed for 1-deoxySL and metabolomics analysis of 111 metabolites. We found a robust lowering of 1-deoxySL, which correlated in a near-linear fashion with increased serum L-serine levels. Metabolomics analysis showed a modest elevation in glycine and a marked reduction in the level of cytosine, whereas most of the other assayed metabolites did not change. There were no direct side effects from the treatment, but the patient developed a transitory toe ulceration during the course of the study. The Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy score increased by 1 point. We conclude that oral supplementation of L-serine decreases 1-deoxySL in HSAN1C without major global effects on metabolism. L-serine is therefore a potential treatment for HSAN1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Auranen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Saranya Suriyanarayanan
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Zurich 8044, Switzerland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
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24
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Plassais J, Lagoutte L, Correard S, Paradis M, Guaguère E, Hédan B, Pommier A, Botherel N, Cadiergues MC, Pilorge P, Silversides D, Bizot M, Samuels M, Arnan C, Johnson R, Hitte C, Salbert G, Méreau A, Quignon P, Derrien T, André C. A Point Mutation in a lincRNA Upstream of GDNF Is Associated to a Canine Insensitivity to Pain: A Spontaneous Model for Human Sensory Neuropathies. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006482. [PMID: 28033318 PMCID: PMC5198995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSANs) are characterized by insensitivity to pain, sometimes combined with self-mutilation. Strikingly, several sporting dog breeds are particularly affected by such neuropathies. Clinical signs appear in young puppies and consist of acral analgesia, with or without sudden intense licking, biting and severe self-mutilation of the feet, whereas proprioception, motor abilities and spinal reflexes remain intact. Through a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) with 24 affected and 30 unaffected sporting dogs using the Canine HD 170K SNP array (Illumina), we identified a 1.8 Mb homozygous locus on canine chromosome 4 (adj. p-val = 2.5x10-6). Targeted high-throughput sequencing of this locus in 4 affected and 4 unaffected dogs identified 478 variants. Only one variant perfectly segregated with the expected recessive inheritance in 300 sporting dogs of known clinical status, while it was never present in 900 unaffected dogs from 130 other breeds. This variant, located 90 kb upstream of the GDNF gene, a highly relevant neurotrophic factor candidate gene, lies in a long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA), GDNF-AS. Using human comparative genomic analysis, we observed that the canine variant maps onto an enhancer element. Quantitative RT-PCR of dorsal root ganglia RNAs of affected dogs showed a significant decrease of both GDNF mRNA and GDNF-AS expression levels (respectively 60% and 80%), as compared to unaffected dogs. We thus performed gel shift assays (EMSA) that reveal that the canine variant significantly alters the binding of regulatory elements. Altogether, these results allowed the identification in dogs of GDNF as a relevant candidate for human HSAN and insensitivity to pain, but also shed light on the regulation of GDNF transcription. Finally, such results allow proposing these sporting dog breeds as natural models for clinical trials with a double benefit for human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we present a canine neuropathy characterized by insensitivity to pain in the feet, sometimes combined with self-mutilation described in four sporting breeds. This particular phenotype has the clinical hallmarks of human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN). As we hypothesized that a monogenic recessive disorder was shared between these breeds, we performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to search for the genetic causes and found one homozygous chromosomal region in affected dogs. High-throughput sequencing of this region allowed the identification of a point mutation upstream to the GDNF gene and located in the last exon of a long non-coding RNA, GDNF-AS. We confirmed the perfect association of this variant with the disease using more than 900 unaffected dogs that do not present with this mutation. Functional analyses (qRT-PCR, EMSA) confirmed that the mutation alters the binding of regulatory complex, leading to a significant decrease of both GDNF and GDNF-AS mRNA expression levels. This work in canine spontaneous forms of human neuropathies allowed the identification of a novel gene GDNF and its regulation mechanism, not yet described in human HSAN, opening the field of clinical trials to benefit both canine and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Plassais
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
| | - Laetitia Lagoutte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Solenne Correard
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Paradis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Benoit Hédan
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Alix Pommier
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Botherel
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - David Silversides
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maud Bizot
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Mark Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carme Arnan
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rory Johnson
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Hitte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Méreau
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Quignon
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine André
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
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25
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Alecu I, Tedeschi A, Behler N, Wunderling K, Lamberz C, Lauterbach MAR, Gaebler A, Ernst D, Van Veldhoven PP, Al-Amoudi A, Latz E, Othman A, Kuerschner L, Hornemann T, Bradke F, Thiele C, Penno A. Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:42-59. [PMID: 27881717 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs) are atypical sphingolipids that are elevated in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). Clinically, diabetic neuropathy and HSAN1 are very similar, suggesting the involvement of deoxySLs in the pathology of both diseases. However, very little is known about the biology of these lipids and the underlying pathomechanism. We synthesized an alkyne analog of 1-deoxysphinganine (doxSA), the metabolic precursor of all deoxySLs, to trace the metabolism and localization of deoxySLs. Our results indicate that the metabolism of these lipids is restricted to only some lipid species and that they are not converted to canonical sphingolipids or fatty acids. Furthermore, exogenously added alkyne-doxSA [(2S,3R)-2-aminooctadec-17-yn-3-ol] localized to mitochondria, causing mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction. The induced mitochondrial toxicity was also shown for natural doxSA, but not for sphinganine, and was rescued by inhibition of ceramide synthase activity. Our findings therefore indicate that mitochondrial enrichment of an N-acylated doxSA metabolite may contribute to the neurotoxicity seen in diabetic neuropathy and HSAN1. Hence, we provide a potential explanation for the characteristic vulnerability of peripheral nerves to elevated levels of deoxySLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alecu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natascha Behler
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Wunderling
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Lamberz
- Cyro-Electron Microscopy and Tomography, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Gaebler
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Ernst
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Campus Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashraf Al-Amoudi
- Cyro-Electron Microscopy and Tomography, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anke Penno
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Hernández-Corbacho MJ, Salama MF, Canals D, Senkal CE, Obeid LM. Sphingolipids in mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:56-68. [PMID: 27697478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids found in cell membranes that exert a critical role in signal transduction. In recent years, it has become apparent that sphingolipids participate in growth, senescence, differentiation and apoptosis. The anabolism and catabolism of sphingolipids occur in discrete subcellular locations and consist of a strictly regulated and interconnected network, with ceramide as the central hub. Altered sphingolipid metabolism is linked to several human diseases. Hence, an advanced knowledge of how and where sphingolipids are metabolized is of paramount importance in order to understand the role of sphingolipids in cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of sphingolipid metabolism. We focus on the distinct pathways of ceramide synthesis, highlighting the mitochondrial ceramide generation, transport of ceramide to mitochondria and its role in the regulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitophagy and implications to disease. We will discuss unanswered questions and exciting future directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Hernández-Corbacho
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Daniel Canals
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Can E Senkal
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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27
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Bode H, Bourquin F, Suriyanarayanan S, Wei Y, Alecu I, Othman A, Von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. HSAN1 mutations in serine palmitoyltransferase reveal a close structure-function-phenotype relationship. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:853-65. [PMID: 26681808 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in the SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 subunits of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The mutations induce a permanent shift in the substrate preference from L-serine to L-alanine, which results in the pathological formation of atypical and neurotoxic 1-deoxy-sphingolipids (1-deoxySL). Here we compared the enzymatic properties of 11 SPTLC1 and six SPTLC2 mutants using a uniform isotope labelling approach. In total, eight SPT mutants (STPLC1p.C133W, p.C133Y, p.S331F, p.S331Y and SPTLC2p.A182P, p.G382V, p.S384F, p.I504F) were associated with increased 1-deoxySL synthesis. Despite earlier reports, canonical activity with l-serine was not reduced in any of the investigated SPT mutants. Three variants (SPTLC1p.S331F/Y and SPTLC2p.I505Y) showed an increased canonical activity and increased formation of C20 sphingoid bases. These three mutations are associated with an exceptionally severe HSAN1 phenotype, and increased C20 sphingosine levels were also confirmed in plasma of patients. A principal component analysis of the analysed sphingoid bases clustered the mutations into three separate entities. Each cluster was related to a distinct clinical outcome (no, mild and severe HSAN1 phenotype). A homology model based on the protein structure of the prokaryotic SPT recapitulated the same grouping on a structural level. Mutations associated with the mild form clustered around the active site, whereas mutations associated with the severe form were located on the surface of the protein. In conclusion, we showed that HSAN1 mutations in SPT have distinct biochemical properties, which allowed for the prediction of the clinical symptoms on the basis of the plasma sphingoid base profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bode
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florence Bourquin
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saranya Suriyanarayanan
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Molecular Translation and Biomedicine (MTB), and
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Irina Alecu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Molecular Translation and Biomedicine (MTB), and
| | - Arnold Von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Molecular Translation and Biomedicine (MTB), and
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Competence Center for Personalized Medicine (CC-PM), Molecular Translation and Biomedicine (MTB), and
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28
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The Variant p.(Arg183Trp) in SPTLC2 Causes Late-Onset Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:81-90. [PMID: 26573920 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 1 (HSAN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder that can be caused by variants in SPTLC1 or SPTLC2, encoding subunits of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase. Disease variants alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to accumulation of neurotoxic 1-deoxysphingolipids. We describe two families with autosomal dominant HSAN1C caused by a new variant in SPTLC2, c.547C>T, p.(Arg183Trp). The variant changed a conserved amino acid and was not found in public variant databases. All patients had a relatively mild progressive distal sensory impairment, with onset after age 50. Small fibers were affected early, leading to abnormalities on quantitative sensory testing. Sural biopsy revealed a severe chronic axonal neuropathy with subtotal loss of myelinated axons, relatively preserved number of non-myelinated fibers and no signs for regeneration. Skin biopsy with PGP9.5 labeling showed lack of intraepidermal nerve endings early in the disease. Motor manifestations developed later in the disease course, but there was no evidence of autonomic involvement. Patients had elevated serum 1-deoxysphingolipids, and the variant protein produced elevated amounts of 1-deoxysphingolipids in vitro, which proved the pathogenicity of the variant. Our results expand the genetic spectrum of HSAN1C and provide further detail about the clinical characteristics. Sequencing of SPTLC2 should be considered in all patients presenting with mild late-onset sensory-predominant small or large fiber neuropathy.
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29
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Oswald MCW, West RJH, Lloyd-Evans E, Sweeney ST. Identification of dietary alanine toxicity and trafficking dysfunction in a Drosophila model of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6899-909. [PMID: 26395456 PMCID: PMC4654049 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is characterized by a loss of distal peripheral sensory and motorneuronal function, neuropathic pain and tissue necrosis. The most common cause of HSAN1 is due to dominant mutations in serine palmitoyl-transferase subunit 1 (SPT1). SPT catalyses the condensation of serine with palmitoyl-CoA, the initial step in sphingolipid biogenesis. Identified mutations in SPT1 are known to both reduce sphingolipid synthesis and generate catalytic promiscuity, incorporating alanine or glycine into the precursor sphingolipid to generate a deoxysphingoid base (DSB). Why either loss of function in SPT1, or generation of DSBs should generate deficits in distal sensory function remains unclear. To address these questions, we generated a Drosophila model of HSAN1. Expression of dSpt1 bearing a disease-related mutation induced morphological deficits in synapse growth at the larval neuromuscular junction consistent with a dominant-negative action. Expression of mutant dSpt1 globally was found to be mildly toxic, but was completely toxic when the diet was supplemented with alanine, when DSBs were observed in abundance. Expression of mutant dSpt1 in sensory neurons generated developmental deficits in dendritic arborization with concomitant sensory deficits. A membrane trafficking defect was observed in soma of sensory neurons expressing mutant dSpt1, consistent with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi block. We found that we could rescue sensory function in neurons expressing mutant dSpt1 by co-expressing an effector of ER-Golgi function, Rab1 suggesting compromised ER function in HSAN1 affected dendritic neurons. Our Drosophila model identifies a novel strategy to explore the pathological mechanisms of HSAN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C W Oswald
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
| | - Ryan J H West
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
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30
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Yarosh HL, Meda SA, de Wit H, Hart AB, Pearlson GD. Multivariate analysis of subjective responses to d-amphetamine in healthy volunteers finds novel genetic pathway associations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2781-94. [PMID: 25843748 PMCID: PMC4504822 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Researchers studying behavioral and physiologic effects of d-amphetamine have explored individual response differences to the drug. Concurrently, genome-wide analyses have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits. Univariate methods can identify SNPs associated with behavioral and physiological traits, but multivariate analyses allow identification of clusters of related biologically relevant SNPs and behavioral components. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify clusters of related biologically relevant SNPs and behavioral components in the responses of healthy individuals to d-amphetamine using multivariate analysis. METHODS Individuals (N = 375) without substance abuse histories completed surveys and detailed cardiovascular monitoring during randomized, blinded sessions: d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg) and placebo. We applied parallel independent component analysis (Para-ICA) to data previously analyzed with univariate approaches, revealing new associations between genes and behavioral responses to d-amphetamine. RESULTS Three significantly associated (p < .001) phenotype-genotype pairs emerged. The first component included physiologic measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) along with SNPs in calcium and glutamatergic signaling pathways. The second associated components included the "Anger" items from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and the marijuana effects from the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Cuyas, Verdejo-Garcia et al.), with enriched genetic pathways involved in cardiomyopathy and MAPK signaling. The final pair included "Anxious," "Fatigue," and "Confusion" items from the POMS questionnaire, plus functional pathways related to cardiac muscle contraction and cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Multifactorial genetic networks related to calcium signaling, glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapse function, and amphetamine addiction appear to mediate common behavioral and cardiovascular responses to d-amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L. Yarosh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shashwath A. Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy B. Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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31
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Duan J, Merrill AH. 1-Deoxysphingolipids Encountered Exogenously and Made de Novo: Dangerous Mysteries inside an Enigma. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15380-15389. [PMID: 25947379 PMCID: PMC4505451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.658823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional backbones of mammalian sphingolipids are 2-amino, 1,3-diols made by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Many organisms additionally produce non-traditional, cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingoid bases and, surprisingly, mammalian SPT biosynthesizes some of them, too (e.g. 1-deoxysphinganine from l-alanine). These are rapidly N-acylated to 1-deoxy-“ceramides” with very uncommon biophysical properties. The functions of 1-deoxysphingolipids are not known, but they are certainly dangerous as contributors to sensory and autonomic neuropathies when elevated by inherited SPT mutations, and they are noticeable in diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, serine deficiencies, and other diseases. As components of food as well as endogenously produced, these substances are mysteries within an enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.
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32
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Ernst D, Murphy SM, Sathiyanadan K, Wei Y, Othman A, Laurá M, Liu YT, Penno A, Blake J, Donaghy M, Houlden H, Reilly MM, Hornemann T. Novel HSAN1 mutation in serine palmitoyltransferase resides at a putative phosphorylation site that is involved in regulating substrate specificity. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:47-57. [PMID: 25567748 PMCID: PMC4326654 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySL) are atypical sphingolipids that are formed by the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) due to a promiscuous use of l-alanine over its canonical substrate l-serine. Several mutations in SPT are associated with the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN1). The current hypothesis is that these mutations induce a permanent shift in the affinity from l-serine toward l-alanine which results in a pathologically increased 1-deoxySL formation in HSAN1 patients. Also, wild-type SPT forms 1-deoxySL under certain conditions, and elevated levels were found in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms which control the substrate shift of the wild-type enzyme are not understood. Here, we report a novel SPTLC2–S384F variant in two unrelated HSAN1 families. Affected patients showed elevated plasma 1-deoxySL levels and expression of the S384F mutant in HEK293 cells increased 1-deoxySL formation. Previously, S384 has been reported as one of the two (S384 and Y387) putative phosphorylation sites in SPTLC2. The phosphorylation of wild-type SPTLC2 was confirmed by isoelectric focusing. The impact of an S384 phosphorylation on SPT activity was tested by creating mutants mimicking either a constitutively phosphorylated (S384D, S384E) or non-phosphorylated (S384A, Y387F, Y387F+S384A) protein. The S384D but not the S384E variant was associated with increased 1-deoxySL formation. The other mutations had no influence on activity and substrate affinity. In summary, our data show that S384F is a novel mutation in HSAN1 and that the substrate specificity of wild-type SPT might by dynamically regulated by a phosphorylation at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ernst
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinéad M. Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Adelaide & Meath Hospitals Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Laurá
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anke Penno
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Blake
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Donaghy
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
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Garcia-Cazorla À, Mochel F, Lamari F, Saudubray JM. The clinical spectrum of inherited diseases involved in the synthesis and remodeling of complex lipids. A tentative overview. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:19-40. [PMID: 25413954 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over one hundred diseases related to inherited defects of complex lipids synthesis and remodeling are now reported. Most of them were described within the last 5 years. New descriptions and phenotypes are expanding rapidly. While the associated clinical phenotype is currently difficult to outline, with only a few patients identified, it appears that all organs and systems may be affected. The main clinical presentations can be divided into (1) Diseases affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Complex lipid synthesis disorders produce prominent motor manifestations due to upper and/or lower motoneuron degeneration. Motor signs are often complex, associated with other neurological and extra-neurological signs. Three neurological phenotypes, spastic paraparesis, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and peripheral neuropathies, deserve special attention. Many apparently well clinically defined syndromes are not distinct entities, but rather clusters on a continuous spectrum, like for the PNPLA6-associated diseases, extending from Boucher-Neuhauser syndrome via Gordon Holmes syndrome to spastic ataxia and pure hereditary spastic paraplegia; (2) Muscular/cardiac presentations; (3) Skin symptoms mostly represented by syndromic (neurocutaneous) and non syndromic ichthyosis; (4) Retinal dystrophies with syndromic and non syndromic retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, cone rod dystrophy, Stargardt disease; (5) Congenital bone dysplasia and segmental overgrowth disorders with congenital lipomatosis; (6) Liver presentations characterized mainly by transient neonatal cholestatic jaundice and non alcoholic liver steatosis with hypertriglyceridemia; and (7) Renal and immune presentations. Lipidomics and molecular functional studies could help to elucidate the mechanism(s) of dominant versus recessive inheritance observed for the same gene in a growing number of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels Garcia-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain,
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35
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Aguilera-Romero A, Gehin C, Riezman H. Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:647-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT): effects of the small subunits and insights from bacterial mimics of human hLCB2a HSAN1 mutations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:194371. [PMID: 24175284 PMCID: PMC3794620 DOI: 10.1155/2013/194371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyses the first step of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. The core human enzyme is a membrane-bound heterodimer composed of two subunits (hLCB1 and hLCB2a/b), and mutations in both hLCB1 (e.g., C133W and C133Y) and hLCB2a (e.g., V359M, G382V, and I504F) have been identified in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN1), an inherited disorder that affects sensory and autonomic neurons. These mutations result in substrate promiscuity, leading to formation of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids found in affected individuals. Here we measure the activities of the hLCB2a mutants in the presence of ssSPTa and ssSPTb and find that all decrease enzyme activity. High resolution structural data of the homodimeric SPT enzyme from the bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Sp SPT) provides a model to understand the impact of the hLCB2a mutations on the mechanism of SPT. The three human hLCB2a HSAN1 mutations map onto Sp SPT (V246M, G268V, and G385F), and these mutant mimics reveal that the amino acid changes have varying impacts; they perturb the PLP cofactor binding, reduce the affinity for both substrates, decrease the enzyme activity, and, in the most severe case, cause the protein to be expressed in an insoluble form.
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