1
|
Vail EA, Ackland GL. The BJA Editorial Fellowship 2024: a barometer for the state of academic anaesthesiology, perioperative, pain, and critical care medicine. Br J Anaesth 2024; 133:3-6. [PMID: 38744551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout its 100-yr history, a key ambition of the British Journal of Anaesthesia has been to foster our academic community by addressing the needs of individuals in the early stages of their independent clinical and research careers. Longitudinal mentoring and peer networking are critical for establishing a community of like-minded peers and mentor-advisors required to navigate the challenges of academic medicine. In 2019, the Journal launched an Editorial Fellowship scheme, aimed at comprehensively demystifying the process of peer review, editing, and publishing through guided mentorship and experiential learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Vail
- Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forkin KT, Render CM, Staffa SJ, Goobie SM. Trends in Gender of Authors of Patient Blood Management Publications. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:1267-1274. [PMID: 38153857 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse representation in the field of patient blood management (PBM) may help bring varying perspectives to improve patient care. We assessed trends in gender of first and last authorship of recent PBM publications to evaluate diversity within the field. METHODS Publications from 10 high-impact anesthesiology and blood transfusion medicine journals between 2017 and 2021 were reviewed using 19 keywords to identify PBM-related articles. Each publication title was reviewed independently to determine whether it met the inclusion criteria. A software program was used to identify the gender of each first and last author for the most common first names. Author gender that could not be identified through this process was determined by querying institutional websites and professional social networks (eg, ResearchGate). Any publication where the gender of the first and/or last author could not be reliably determined was excluded from the analysis. Trends over time were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. RESULTS A total of 2467 publications met the inclusion criteria of the 2873 yielded by the initial search. Gender of the first and last author was identified for 2384 of these publications and included in the final analysis. Approximately 42.8% of publications featured a woman as the first author with the highest from the journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ) (48.7%) and Transfusion (48.1%) and the lowest from the journals such as the British Journal of Anaesthesia (24.1%) and Anesthesia & Analgesia (24.4%). Approximately 32.0% of the publications featured a woman as the last author with the highest being Transfusion (36.9%) and Anaesthesia (31.8%) and the lowest being Anesthesia and Analgesia (18.3%) and Anesthesiology (18.6%). Approximately 57.6% of publications had either a woman as the first or last author while 16.3% of the publications had women as both the first and last authors. Women authors comprised 32.6% of the publications with a single author. Women as the first or last authors did not change significantly over the study period ( P = .115 and P = .119, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the percentage of PBM articles with a woman as the first or last author, a woman as the first and last author, or a woman as a single author from 2017 to 2021 ( P = .089, P = .055, and P = .226, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The percentage of women as the first and last authors in PBM publications from the 5-year period of 2017 to 2021 was <50%. Gender equity in PBM authorship was identified as an area for potential future improvement. International mentorship and sponsorship of women remain important in promoting gender equity in PBM authorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Forkin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Caroline M Render
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan M Goobie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rong LQ, Martinez AP, Rahouma M, Lopes AJ, Lee JY, Wright DN, Demetres M, Kachulis B, O'Shaughnessy SM. Gender Differences in Authorship and Quality of Anesthesia Clinical Practice Guidelines From 2016 to 2020 Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00820. [PMID: 38768071 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women continue to be underrepresented in academic anesthesiology. This study assessed guidelines in anesthesia journals over the past 5 years, evaluating differences in woman-led versus man-led guidelines in terms of author gender, quality, and changes over time. We hypothesized that anesthesia guidelines would be predominately man-led, and that there would be differences in quality between woman-led versus man-led guidelines. METHODS All clinical practice guidelines published in the top 10 anesthesia journals were identified as per Clarivate Analytics Impact Factor between 2016 and 2020. Fifty-one guidelines were included for author, gender, and quality analysis using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Each guideline was assessed across 6 domains and 23 items and given an overall score, overall quality score, and overall rating/recommendation. Stratified and trend analyses were performed for woman-led versus man-led guidelines. RESULTS Fifty out of 51 guidelines were included: 1 was excluded due to unidentifiable first-author gender. In total, 255 of 1052 (24%) authors were women, and woman-led guidelines (woman-first author) represented 12 of 50 (24%) overall guidelines. Eighteen percent (9 of 50) of guidelines had all-male authors, and a majority (26 of 50, 52%) had less than one-third of female authors. The overall number and percentage of woman-led guidelines did not change over time. There was a significantly higher percentage of female authors in woman-led versus man-led guidelines, median 39% vs 20% (P = .012), as well as a significantly higher number of female coauthors in guidelines that were woman-led median 3.5 vs 1.0, P = .049. For quality, there was no significant difference in the overall rating or objective quality of woman- versus man-led guidelines. However, there was a significant increase in the overall rating of all the guidelines over time (P = .010), driven by the increase in overall rating among man-led guidelines, P = .002. The overall score of guidelines did not increase over time; however, they increased in man-led but not woman-led guidelines. There was no significant correlation between the percentage of female authors per guideline and either overall score or overall rating. CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial disparity in the number of women leading and contributing to guidelines which has not improved over time. Woman-led guidelines included more women and a higher percentage of women. There was no difference in quality of guidelines by first-author gender or percentage of female authors. Further systematic and quota-driven sponsorship is needed to promote gender equity, diversity, and inclusion in anesthesia guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Q Rong
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andrew P Martinez
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra J Lopes
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Jerry Y Lee
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Drew N Wright
- Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Demetres
- Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bessie Kachulis
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arendt-Nielsen L, Pedersen JT, Dreier S, Nielsen TA, Høj AL, Thomsen L. The evolving landscape of publishing in the field of pain: An automated bibliometric analysis from 1975 to 2020. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:729-740. [PMID: 38009838 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this bibliometric analysis were (1) a longitudinal analysis of the publication landscape in the field of pain (1975-2020) and (2) to characterize the overall publication profiles for two selected journals: European Journal of Pain and PAIN® utilizing an automated approach. METHODS Database searches in Scopus extracted all journals with 'pain' in their title. For the two specific journals, papers were manually/automatically profiled into preclinical, human and translational studies. RESULTS A gross list of 64 journals in the field of pain consisting of both active and ceased journals in Scopus were included in this analysis which identified 62,565 papers with approximately 4000 papers published/year. These papers include 2759 and 9156 papers in Eur. J. Pain and PAIN®, respectively. Currently, there are 24 active 'pain' journals. Authors/paper increase from 2 to 7 indicating a development from mono-disciplinary to multi-disciplinary studies. The overall publication profiles assessing preclinical, human (experimental/clinical) and translational papers in Eur. J. Pain and PAIN® were almost similar (14%, 75% and 10% versus 26%, 63% and 10%). Papers have changed over the years from mono-disciplinary studies (e.g. behavioural studies) to multi-disciplinary studies (e.g. combined behavioural and cell studies). After optimization, the search model matched the manual screening by 100%, 98% and 96% for the preclinical, clinical and healthy volunteer categories. CONCLUSIONS Over the last 45 years, more than 60,000 pain-related papers have been published. Papers develop over the years from mono-disciplinary to multi-disciplinary studies. The overall publication profile including preclinical, human (experimental/clinical) and translational papers was almost similar in Eur. J. Pain and PAIN®. SIGNIFICANCE The bibliometric analysis of a pain journal provides information on which specific areas of research are published, how this may have changed over the years and how a journal is positioned compared with other journals in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J T Pedersen
- Aalborg University Library, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S Dreier
- Aalborg University Library, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T A Nielsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A L Høj
- Aalborg University Library, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - L Thomsen
- Aalborg University Library, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hancı V, Yakar MN, Shermatov N, Kara F, İbişoğlu E, Oltulu M, Köşker RK, Bilge D, Geylani B. The gender composition of the members of the editorial board of toxicology journals: Assessment of gender equality. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:413-423. [PMID: 38030412 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In many areas of medicine, gender equality has not yet been fully adopted despite recent developments. The inequality of gender in various areas of medicine is still debated. In this study, we analysed the gender composition of the editorial boards of toxicology journals in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) databases and the factors affecting this composition. The genders of the participants were determined by the data obtained from the official websites of the journals in September 2023. We analysed the journal metrics and publisher properties using Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Chi-square tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient. We used logistic regression analysis to reveal the independent factors related to gender parity. The representation rates of women were 28.62% on all editorial boards and 23.33% in editor-in-chief positions. The 'Neuroscience' (OR, 2.46 95%CI, 1.68-3.60, p < 0.001), 'Reproductive Biology'(OR, 2.05 95%CI, 1.22-3.42, p = 0.006) and 'Public, Environmental & Occupational Health'(OR, 1.49 95%CI, 1.18-1.88, p = 0.001) as a coverage category, the United States as a journal country (OR, 1.21, 95%CI, 1.04-1.40, p = 0.001), 5-year-IF≥3.6(OR, 1.54, 95%CI, 1.27-1.86, p < 0.001), 5-year H index≥29 (OR, 1.23, 95%CI, 1.01-1.49, p = 0.037) were the independent factors for gender parity. However, 'Oncology' (OR, 0.08 95%CI, 0.01-0.55, p = 0.011), 'Biochemistry, Molecular Biology' (OR, 0.62 95%CI, 0.44-0.86, p = 0.005) and 'Pharmacology & Pharmacy' (OR, 0.69 95%CI, 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001) as a coverage category, Japan as a publisher country (OR, 0.52 95%CI, 0.35-0.77, p = 0.001), and Switzerland as a journal country (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.46-0.81, p = 0.001) were related to gender disparity. Greater endeavours are needed to reduce gender discrimination in toxicology. Toxicology authorities should continuously improve existing policies by optimising the analysis of objective information to eliminate barriers for toxicologists in terms of gender equality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Hancı
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Yakar
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgazy Shermatov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Kara
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emel İbişoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Oltulu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Rıza Kaan Köşker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Bilge
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Geylani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rubulotta F, Hemmerling TM, Bahrami S. Promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion in regional anesthesia academic publishing: a call to action. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:11. [PMID: 38347636 PMCID: PMC10860263 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rubulotta
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- IWIN Foundation, Vittorio Emanuele 329 Agira, Sicily, Italy.
| | - Thomas M Hemmerling
- International, Society of Technology in Anesthesia, Research, Society of Technology in Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Fleury Hospital - CSSS Ahuntsic and Montreal-Nord, McGill University & Biomedical Engineering, UdM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sahar Bahrami
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mondal S, Oakes D, Humphrey T, Kolarczyk L, Trzcinka A. Women in Anesthesiology and the Mid-Career Stall: Why They Are Not Advancing Into Senior Leadership. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00716. [PMID: 38289857 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Women anesthesiologists face many challenges when trying to advance their careers and find balance in personal and professional endeavors. In this article, we introduce the reader to several concepts central to understanding the challenges faced by mid-career women anesthesiologists and highlight why these challenges become particularly pronounced when women enter the mid-career stage. We describe how lack of constructive actionable feedback combined with lack of mentorship and sponsorship negatively affects women in the workplace. We also outline barriers and bias that mid-career women anesthesiologists face in high-level leadership roles along with the disproportionally high burden of nonpromotable work. We present a discussion of mistreatment and burnout, which are compounded by concurrent demands of parenthood and a professional career. We conclude with the impact that these barriers have on mid-career women anesthesiologists and recommendations for mitigating these challenges. They include a systematic increase in mentorship and sponsorship, an individualized professional development strategy, and an improved and comprehensive approach to promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samhati Mondal
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tara Humphrey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck Hospital of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lavinia Kolarczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Agnieszka Trzcinka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lane-Fall MB, Hastie MJ, Kleid M, Yarabarla V, Miltiades AN, Wiener-Kronish JP, Pian-Smith MC. Gender and Pathways to Leadership in Academic Anesthesiology: A Qualitative Content Analysis of US Chairpersons' Curricula Vitae. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00717. [PMID: 38289863 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are underrepresented in medicine and academic anesthesiology, and especially in leadership positions. We sought to characterize career achievement milestones of female versus male academic anesthesiology chairs to understand possible gender-related differences in pathways to leadership. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional analysis. In November 2019, curricula vitae (CVs) were requested from then-current members of the US Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs. Data reflecting accomplishments up to the time of chair appointment were systematically extracted from CVs and analyzed using a mixed methods approach with qualitative content analysis supplemented by descriptive statistics and bivariate statistical testing. Missing data were not imputed. RESULTS Seventy-two CVs were received from eligible individuals (response rate 67.3%). The respondent sample was 12.5% women (n = 9), 87.5% men (n = 63), and no transgender or nonbinary people; this is similar to the known gender balance in anesthesiology chairs in the United States. No statistically significant differences in objective markers of academic achievement at the time of chair appointment were evident for female versus male chairs, including time elapsed between the first faculty appointment and assumption of the chair role (median 25 vs 18 years, P = .06), number of publications at the time the chair was assumed (101 vs 69, P = .28), or proportion who had ever held a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant as principal investigator (44.4% vs 25.4%, 0.25). Four phenotypes of career paths were discernible in the data: the clinician-administrator, the educator, the investigator, and the well-rounded scholar; these did not differ by gender. CONCLUSIONS Female chairpersons who were members of the Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs in the United States demonstrated similar patterns of academic achievement as compared to male chairpersons at the time the position of chair was assumed, suggesting that they were equally qualified for the role as compared to men. Four patterns of career achievements were evident in the chairperson group, suggesting multiple viable pathways to this leadership position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Lane-Fall
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maya J Hastie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Melanie Kleid
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Varun Yarabarla
- School of Medicine, Pennsylvania College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia
| | | | - Jeanine P Wiener-Kronish
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - May C Pian-Smith
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasilopoulos T, Rawal S, Culley DJ, Fahy BG. Academic productivity and NIH funding for anesthesiology departmental chairs: A 15-year comparison. J Clin Anesth 2023; 91:111240. [PMID: 37660512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether there were improvements in the number of departmental National Institutes of Health (NIH) training grants and the academic productivity of departmental chairs in terms of NIH research funding and PubMed-cited publications when compared to chairs of the same departments in 2006. DESIGN Each chair was identified from the Society of Academic Associations of Academic Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine's Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs and entered into the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORTER), PubMed, SCOPUS, and the National Provider Identifier Registry. MEASUREMENTS The number and funding amounts of training grants awarded to the department in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were obtained as well as the department's national ranking and total dollar amount for NIH funding in 2020. For the current chair cohort, total publications and m-quotient (h-index corrected for active research years) were recorded along with each chair's history of NIH grant funding. These data were compared to a previous study of anesthesiology chairs that reviewed funding and publications through 2006. MAIN RESULTS We analyzed data from 100 academic departments of anesthesiology and compared their scholarly activity relative to data gathered in 2006. In 2020, 52 of 100 departments of anesthesiology had evidence of NIH funding. There were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences in grants funding obtained by chairs between 2006 and 2020 with the exception that more chairs in 2006 had program or center grants. Median publications for chairs significantly increased from 35 in 2006 to 55 in 2021 (IRR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0, P = 0.003). Nineteen percent of chairs were female, which did not significantly differ from the proportion of women in the 2006 paper (15%, χ2 = 0.57, df = 1, P = 0.452). Of the male chairs, 90% were professors whereas 63% of female chairs were professors (χ2 = 8.8, df = 1, P = 0.003). Female chairs had fewer publications than male chairs (IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-1.8, P = 0.002); however, m-quotients were not significantly different between men and women (P = 0.602). CONCLUSIONS When compared to 2006, department of anesthesiology chairs had more publications in 2021; however, NIH funding rates remained unchanged. The specialty had 19% female chairs, and those chairs had fewer publications than their male counterparts, though sex differences were attenuated using metrics that account for disparities in career length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrie Vasilopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100254, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 112727, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shiv Rawal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100254, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Deborah J Culley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Dulles 680, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brenda G Fahy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100254, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong H, Poeran J, Cozowicz C, Illescas A, Liu J, Memtsoudis SG. Women authorship in pain research: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2021. Eur J Pain 2023; 27:1036-1040. [PMID: 37303069 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a lack of data on the distribution of women first and senior authorships in pain journals. Using articles published in top North American pain journals over the past two decades, we sought to describe the prevalence and changes in women representation among first and last authors. METHODS We retrieved all published research articles in four pain journals (Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Clinical Journal of Pain, Pain and The Journal of Pain) from 2002 to 2021 using the easyPubMed package. Subsequently, the 'gender' package in R was used to determine authors' gender by first names. Trends in gender authorship change over time were assessed. RESULTS The final cohort consisted of 20,981 authors (from an initial total of 11,842 publications and 23,684 authors retrieved). Women authors were more often first compared to senior authors (46.7% vs. 30.5%). The proportion of women first authors (46.2% in 2002 vs. 48.4% in 2021) and women senior authors (22.4% in 2002 vs. 36.3% in 2021) increased over the course of the study period (all p-value <0.001). The Clinical Journal of Pain having the highest percentage of women authors and Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine had the lowest percentage of women authors. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrated increasing women authorship in pain journals in the past 20 years, largely driven by an increase in first authorships. There still remains a large gap between first and senior authorship, indicative of disparity in the role that women play in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jashvant Poeran
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science & Policy/Department of Orthopedics/Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Crispiana Cozowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alex Illescas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stavros G Memtsoudis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klick JC, Syed M, Leong R, Miranda H, Cotter EK. Health and Well-Being of Intensive Care Unit Physicians: How to Ensure the Longevity of a Critical Specialty. Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 41:303-316. [PMID: 36872006 PMCID: PMC9985495 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
A second epidemic of burnout, fatigue, anxiety, and moral distress has emerged concurrently with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and critical care physicians are especially affected. This article reviews the history of burnout in health care workers, presents the signs and symptoms, discusses the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intensive care unit caregivers, and attempts to identify potential strategies to combat the Great Resignation disproportionately affecting health care workers. The article also focuses on how the specialty can amplify the voices and highlight the leadership potential of underrepresented minorities, physicians with disabilities, and the aging physician population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Klick
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Intensive Care & Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code G58, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ron Leong
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medial College, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, Suite 8130, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Haley Miranda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1034, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cotter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1034, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Authorship by gender in anesthesiology journals: a retrospective cross-sectional study for Japan. J Anesth 2023; 37:364-370. [PMID: 36688988 PMCID: PMC9868495 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although it is important to recognize gender disparities in publishing to achieve gender diversity, women's authorship in Japan remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the percentage and analyze the trends of articles authored and published in anesthesiology journals by Japanese female authors. METHODS The genders of the first and last authors affiliated with Japanese institutions were surveyed in the Journal of Anesthesia (JA) (1990, 1995, and 2000-2022) and 11 international anesthesiology journals (2010-2022). RESULTS We included 845 and 819 original research articles from JA in the analyses of the first and last authors, respectively. The proportion of female first authors significantly increased from 41 (11.7%) out of 351 before 2009 to 119 (24.1%) out of 494 after 2010 (p < 0.001). The proportion of female last authors was 11 (3.3%) out of 335 before 2009 and 22 (4.5%) out of 484 after 2010, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.470). We included 624 and 572 original research articles from international anesthesiology journals in the analyses of first and last authors, respectively. Among these, there were 134 (21.5%) and 23 (4.0%) female first and last authors, respectively. These proportions in international anesthesiology journals did not significantly differ from those in JA (p = 0.334, p = 0.789, respectively). CONCLUSION The percentage of female first authors has increased, commensurate with the percentage of female anesthesiologists. However, the percentage of female last authors has not increased and remains low in Japan.
Collapse
|
13
|
Keim AA, Pelkey MN, Broadfoot JE, Folley TA, Kraus MB, Maloney JA, Strand NH, Misra L. Women Authorship Trends in the Highest-Impact Anesthesiology Journals from 2005 to 2021. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:592-597. [PMID: 36637854 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although women and men have matriculated into medical schools in similar proportions since the 1980s, recent data indicate that anesthesiology is lagging in gender equity, especially in academic leadership roles.1,2 As promotion in academic medicine is strongly influenced by publications, understanding whether a lack of women authorship is contributing to this gender gap is crucial.3,4 This article aims to assess how woman authorship trends have changed in the last 16 years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The five highest impact journals in anesthesia were identified as Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Anesthesiology, PAIN, and Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. Number of total authors, including women, men, and unknown gender authors as well as incidence of woman first and/or last author, was documented from articles published in 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2021. Results: This analysis shows that women are gaining representation in anesthesia publications. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in the total number of women authors and women first and last authorship. However, as of 2021, women still only represented ∼40% of total and first authors and ∼24% of last authors. In addition, increase in first/last woman authorship was not present in all journals when stratified. Conclusion: These journal differences may suggest the editorial evaluation process as a potential source of gender bias. There was a statistically significant relationship between women senior authors and articles with 50% or more women authors, indicating that woman mentorship is contributing to closing equity gap. These data present a starting point for further investigations into gender disparities within anesthesia to continue the forward progression for women in academic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A Keim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Melissa N Pelkey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jourdan E Broadfoot
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tarrah A Folley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Molly B Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jillian A Maloney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Natalie H Strand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Lopa Misra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spitzer Y, Garcia-Marcinkiewicz AG, Malinzak EB. Programmatic approaches to achieving equity for women in anesthesiology. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 61:42-48. [PMID: 36374567 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Spitzer
- Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annery G Garcia-Marcinkiewicz
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth B Malinzak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, DUMC Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ngai J, Capdeville M, Sumler M, Oakes D. A Call for Diversity: Women, Professional Development, and Work Experience in Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 37:870-880. [PMID: 36599777 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ngai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.
| | - Michelle Capdeville
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michele Sumler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Occhiali E, Demailly Z, Clavier T, Achamrah N. Women’s visibility at European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism congresses from 2011 to 2019: Is the floor yours? Front Nutr 2022; 9:963577. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeParticipating in international conferences is an essential way to promote scholarly work. We aimed to assess the trend of women’s visibility at the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) congress by describing the evolution of the proportion of women speakers between 2011 and 2019.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study including public data obtained from the 2011, 2015, and 2019 ESPEN congresses. The primary endpoint was the percentage of women speakers in major oral sessions (oral communications and specific conferences including prestigious lectures). The secondary endpoints were the proportion of women in other high-visibility positions (moderators, industry-led symposia interventions) and countries of origin.ResultsThe proportion of women speakers in oral communications remained stable between 2011 and 2019 [43% (43/100) vs. 41% (46/111), respectively; p = 0.89]. The proportion of women moderators in oral communications sessions significantly increased between 2011 and 2019 [13% (6/45) vs. 41% (19/46), respectively; p = 0.004]. The percentage of women speakers and moderators in industry-led symposia significantly increased between 2011 and 2019 [11% (2/18) vs. 41% (11/27), p = 0.05; 0% (0/6) vs. 60% (6/10), p = 0.03, respectively]. The percentage of women moderators in educational sessions also remained stable during the period with a marked under-representation of women in 2015. During all three congresses, women from the host countries were over-represented as moderators compared to women from other countries.ConclusionThe percentage of women speakers in oral communications remained stable in the last 8 years at ESPEN congresses, although women’s representation in other high-visibility positions has increased. As men remained over-represented, women should be more encouraged to promote their academic work in the field of clinical nutrition, particularly during this international congress.
Collapse
|
17
|
Strand N, Kraus M, Pougnier C, Keim A, Deshpande A, Maloney J. Analysis of Gender-Based Authorship Trends in Leading Pain-Medicine Journals Over 10 Years. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:38356. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.38356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Authorship of peer-reviewed publications is important for academic rank, promotion, and national reputation. In pain medicine, limited information is available for authorship trends for women as compared with men. The objective of this study was to describe trends of female authorship data in the 5 pain journals with the highest impact factors over a 10-year period. We analyzed data for January, April, and October in 2009, 2014, and 2019. For each article, the following information was recorded: journal name, journal month, journal year, article title or article PMCID, total authors, total female authors, total male authors, total authors of unknown gender, presence or absence of a female first author, and presence or absence of a female last/senior author. Authorship for 924 articles was reviewed. When a man was senior author, women were first author on only 27.9% of articles (P<.001). A woman was 2 times as likely (57.2%) to be first author when a woman was the senior author (P<.001), pointing to the potential impact of female senior authors. An article with 50% or more female authors was 76.4% more likely to have a female senior author (P<.001). The results demonstrate the influence of a senior female author on the likelihood of an article’s having a female first author. When men were the senior authors, women were half as likely to be first authors. The total number of female authors changed very little between 2009 and 2019.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pelkey M, Keim A, Folley T, Broadfoot J, Kraus M, Maloney J, Strand N, Misra L. Pushing Propofol and Gender Equity-Female Authorship in Anesthesia Publications. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:S174. [PMID: 37838902 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pelkey
- Author affiliations: M. Pelkey, A. Keim, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine; T. Folley, J. Broadfoot, M. Kraus, J. Maloney, N. Strand, L. Misra, Mayo Clinic Department of Anesthesiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stone AB, Joo SS. Representation of Women as Peer Reviewers in Anesthesiology Journals. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:e11-e12. [PMID: 35839504 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Stone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York,
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harbell MW, McMullen K, Kraus MB. In Response. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:e12-e13. [PMID: 35839505 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica W Harbell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona,
| | | | - Molly B Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan S, Zheng W, Rong LQ. Gender representation on editorial boards of anaesthesiology journals from 2010 to 2020. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:e53-e55. [PMID: 35778275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Q Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Agarwal S, El‐Boghdadly K, Bailey CR, Carlisle JB, Charlesworth M, Duggan LV, Irwin MG, Klein AA, Laycock H, Mariano ER, Moppett IK, Morton B, Savic L, Smith AF, Vercueil AE, Wiles MD. Position statement from the Editors of
Anaesthesia
on equity, diversity and inclusion. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1018-1022. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesia Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust Manchester UK
- Manchester University Manchester UK
| | - K. El‐Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri‐operative Medicine Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- King's College London London UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ismail S, Khan F, Hameed M. Female Representation in Academic Medicine in Pakistan: A 15-Year Overview. Cureus 2022; 14:e26210. [PMID: 35891837 PMCID: PMC9306393 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the proportion of female authors publishing in Pakistan and their representation in academic anesthesiology. Design, place, and duration of study: This study was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis. We reviewed all volumes and issues of the Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (JCPSP) published from 2007 to 2021. All original articles, clinical practice articles (CPAs), reviews, and editorials were included. The first and last authors publishing in JCPSP were the study subjects. Main outcome measures: Gender of the first and last authors was determined by (a) a general review of the author’s first, middle, and last names, (b) an internet search of the author’s name, and a review of photographs on their social media, or (c) an online search of the author’s first name for typical gender assignment. The research field of the first author was noted to determine the contribution of different medical specialties. Article type and the number of citations were noted to determine the relationship with the gender of the author. Results: Around 1549 papers were published by Pakistani authors, of which, 82.6% were original articles, 9.8% were editorials, 5.5% were CPAs, and 2.1% were reviews. Around 56.2% of the first authors and 70.9% of the last authors were males. Most article types had a majority of male first and last authors (<0.001). The median (interquartile range) citation rate was two (0-19), with no difference in citations between gender. Male-male author pairing remained the most common (45.6%). The majority of the papers published belonged to the field of medicine (27.2%) and surgery (21%), with only 3.1% contributed by anesthesiology (females: 41.3%; males: 58.6%). Conclusion: Female representation in academia in Pakistan is at par with developed countries. The academic contribution from anesthesiology remains low, which corresponds to a lower percentage of the anesthesia workforce in the country. There is a need for a national indexed journal of anesthesia to evaluate the true representation of female authors in the country.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Women represent approximately one-third of all anesthesiologists in the United States. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, research regarding gender bias in anesthesiology defined the scope of the problem. Unfortunately, the pandemic exposed and expanded the imbalances associated with gender, placing women anesthesiologists as both primary caregivers in the home and on the frontlines of health care. These systemic inequities exacerbated burnout in women anesthesiologists. Several initiatives that can improve well-being and the work culture for all anesthesiologists, including women, will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Malinzak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Stephanie I Byerly
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Harbell MW, McMullen K, Kraus MB. In Response. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:e39-e40. [PMID: 35595704 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica W Harbell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Molly B Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peel JK, Flexman AM, Cygler J, Kirkham KR, Lorello GR. Standing out or fitting in: A latent projective content analysis of discrimination of women and 2SLGBTQ+ anesthesiologists and providers. J Clin Anesth 2022; 80:110884. [PMID: 35597003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination toward sex and gender minority anesthesiologists and anesthesia trainees exists. Potential reasons for this discrimination are unclear and incompletely characterized. This study sought to better understand what discrimination looks like for sex and gender minorities in anesthesiology and the culture within anesthesiology that allows this discrimination to occur. MATERIALS AND METHODS With institutional research ethics board approval and informed consent, we performed a qualitative analysis of free-text responses from a previously-published internet-based cross-sectional survey distributed to Canadian anesthesiology residents, fellows, and staff. The purpose of this survey was to characterize intersections between respondent gender or sexuality with experiences of discrimination in the workplace. Separate analysis of qualitative and quantitative components of this survey was planned a priori, and the quantitative component was published elsewhere. Free-text responses were independently coded by two researchers and subsequently synthesized into emerging themes using latent projective content analysis sensitized by Butler's theory of performativity. RESULTS Out of 490 free-text responses from 171 respondents [140 (81.9%) identifying as heterosexual], two themes emerged: i) fitting in: performativity reinforcing the status quo, and ii) standing out: performativity as a means of disruptive social change. Power structures were observed to favour individuals who "fit in" with the normative performances of gender and/or sexuality. DISCUSSION Our study illuminates how individuals whose performances of gender and sexuality "fit in" with those expected normative performances reinforce a workplace culture that advantages them, whereas individuals whose performances of gender and sexuality "stand out" disproportionately experience discrimination. The dismantling of bias and discrimination in the anesthesiology workplace requires individuals (a) who are empowered within their workplace because they "fit in" with the majority; (b) who recognize discrimination toward communities of their peers and/or colleagues; and (c) who actively choose to "stand out".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Peel
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana M Flexman
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeremy Cygler
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle R Kirkham
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network - Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni R Lorello
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network - Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dunn LK, Wong CA. Enough Talk, the Time Is Now for Gender Parity of Anesthesiology Journals' Editorial Boards. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:952-955. [PMID: 35427268 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Dunn
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cynthia A Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gouger DH, Sankaran Raval M, Hussain RS, Bastien A. Examining intersectionality in anesthesiology training, academics, and practice. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:201-207. [PMID: 35165234 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intersectionality, or the overlapping nature of social categorizations, such as race, class, and gender, creates interdependent systems of discrimination, disadvantage, and health disparities. The present review examines common shortcomings to diversity management, and proposes targeted improvement frameworks for anesthesiology departments that would offer competitive advantage in training, hiring, and retention, and improved care delivery aimed toward reducing health disparities. RECENT FINDINGS Studies highlight that physicians equipped to care for diverse populations enhance patient-doctor interactions and reduce health disparities. Moreover, untrained providers and staff who engage in disrespectful behaviors like microaggressions can lead to staff turnover and millions of dollars in lost revenue. Underrepresented minorities continue to have lower faculty academic rank in anesthesiology, fewer partnership opportunities in private practice, and disparate research funding. Diversity-based education and training often overlooks intersectionality and reductively illustrates diverse groups as internally homogenous. Even these developing diversity efforts have become politicized and are perceived as uninteresting, irrelevant to medical practice, or unable to create organizational change. SUMMARY The synergy of intersectionality mounts considerable challenges that impact patients, colleagues, and communities of practice. Examining intersectionality in education and workplace policy affords tremendous opportunity for improving quality of care for marginalized populations, reducing healthcare costs, and normalizing culture that is inclusive, equitable, and empowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Gouger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marie Sankaran Raval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rashid S Hussain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexandra Bastien
- Montefiore Medical Center of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Noronha B, Fuchs A, Zdravkovic M, Berger-Estilita J. Gender balance in the medical workplace – A snapshot into anesthesia. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Reeves S, Lee Loke W, Mullerat-Pigem M, Patel D, Brennan PA. 21st Century Gender Trends of Authorship in the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:978-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
McMullen K, Kraus MB, Kosiorek H, Harbell MW. Representation of Women as Editors in Anesthesiology Journals. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:956-963. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
32
|
Methangkool E, Brodt J, Kolarczyk L, Ivascu NS, Hicks MH, Herrera E, Oakes D. Perceptions of Gender Disparities Among Women in Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1859-1866. [PMID: 34903458 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study of women in cardiothoracic anesthesiology, the authors aimed to characterize demographics, roles in leadership, and perceived professional challenges. DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional survey of female cardiothoracic anesthesiologists in the United States. SETTING An internet-based survey of 43 questions was sent to women in cardiothoracic anesthesiology. The survey included questions on demographics, leadership, and perceptions of professional challenges including career advancement, compensation, promotion, harassment, and intimidation. PARTICIPANTS A database of women in cardiothoracic anesthesiology was created via personal contacts and snowball sampling. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 153 responses were analyzed, for a response rate of 65.1%. Most respondents were at the Clinical Instructor or Assistant Professor rank. Many women perceived that compensation, promotion, authorship, and career advancement were affected by gender. Furthermore, 67% of respondents identified having children as having a negative impact on career advancement. Many women reported experiencing derogatory comments (55.6%), intimidation (57.8%), microaggression (69.6%), sexual harassment (25.2%), verbal harassment (45.2%), and unwanted physical or sexual advances (24.4%). These behaviors were most often from a surgical attending, anesthesia attending, or patient. CONCLUSION This survey study of women in cardiothoracic anesthesiology found that many women perceived inequities in financial compensation, authorship opportunities, and promotion; in addition, many felt that their career advancement was impacted negatively by having children. A striking finding was that the majority of women have experienced intimidation, derogatory comments, and microaggressions in the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Methangkool
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Jessica Brodt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lavinia Kolarczyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Natalia S Ivascu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Megan H Hicks
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Elizabeth Herrera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Daryl Oakes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gupta N, Banerjee S, Choudhury KJ, Prabhakar H. Women Representation as First and Corresponding Authors in Neuroanesthesiology and Neurocritical Care Journals: A Retrospective Analysis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2021; 33:308-314. [PMID: 34238912 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited literature on the representation of women in leading roles in neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care academia. We aimed to determine the representation of women as first and corresponding authors in articles published in 3 dedicated journals of neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care during last 5 years. METHODS Articles published in the Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, Neurocritical Care, and Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020 were included in this study. The primary outcome was the proportion of women first authors, and secondary outcomes were the percentage of women corresponding authors, and representation of women as first and corresponding author by article type and country of affiliation. RESULTS Of the 1164 articles included in the study, 403 (34.6%) had a woman first author. Women first authorship was highest for Special Articles (5/11; 45.5%), Clinical Reports (44/113; 38.9%) and Narrative Review Articles (58/151; 38.4%) and lowest for Original Research Articles (198/597; 33.2%). Women accounted for 29.6% (344/1164) of corresponding authors across all article types. Overall, the United States and India had the highest representation of women first authors (159/403; 39.0% and 107/344; 31.0%, respectively), and India also had highest proportion of women corresponding authors (107/272; 39.3%). CONCLUSIONS Women were underrepresented compared with men as first author of articles published in 3 dedicated neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care journals over the last 5 years. Women had the lowest representation as authors of Original Research Articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
| | - Shraya Banerjee
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
| | | | - Hemanshu Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Amarasekera DC, Lam SS, Rapuano CJ, Syed ZA. Trends in Female Authorship in Cornea From 2007 to 2019. Cornea 2021; 40:1152-1157. [PMID: 33264143 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify female authorship trends in first author and last author positions in Cornea from 2007 to 2019. METHODS First and last authors of all Clinical Science and Basic Investigation publications in Cornea over 13 years were sorted by sex. Identification of sex was based on the author's institutional profile or a Google-based name identifier in cases of equivocal names. The proportion of female board-certified ophthalmologists between 2007 and 2019 was collected from the American Board of Ophthalmology total roster of certified diplomats. RESULTS First and last author sexes were collected from 2313 publications (1837 Clinical Science and 476 Basic Investigation). Between 2007 and 2019, the percentage of female first authors increased from 30.5% to 41.5%, although this change was not significant (P = 0.240). Female last author percentage increased significantly from 14.9% to 26.6% (P = 0.016). The percentage of female American Board of Ophthalmology-certified diplomats also increased significantly from 17.4% to 24.5% (P < 0.001). Similarly, when comparing 2007 and 2008 with 2018 and 2019, we noted a significant increase in the proportion of women in the last author (P < 0.001) but not in the first author (P = 0.208) position. We also identified a significantly higher proportion of female first authors than that of female board-certified ophthalmologists (P < 0.001). Finally, there was a strong association between first author sex and last author sex (P < 0.001) across manuscripts. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women in last author positions increased over 13 years among manuscripts in Cornea. Despite these advances in academic female representation within the cornea subspecialty, a gender gap in authorship persists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilru C Amarasekera
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sophia S Lam
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Christopher J Rapuano
- Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zeba A Syed
- Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miller C, Wenzel V. [On the quality of bibliometric analyses]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:863-865. [PMID: 34459928 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Miller
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | - Volker Wenzel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Friedrichshafen, Medizin Campus Bodensee, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Friedrichshafen, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Women in anesthesiology: is it different in the Arab world? Int Anesthesiol Clin 2021; 58:78-83. [PMID: 32756219 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Shukla DC, Simma-Chiang V, Kyprianou N, Tewari AK, Lundon DJ. Does Gender Matter in Academic Surgery? Author and Mentor Gender Impact Publication Citations in Surgical Research. Urology 2021; 157:64-70. [PMID: 34139250 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine female author representation within publications in the field of urology from the United States from 2000-2019. METHODS All 25,787 articles with a U.S. correspondence address published in the two largest U.S. headquartered general urology journals, Urology and Journal of Urology, were analyzed from 2000-2019. Gender was assigned to each first and last author based on the author's first name. First names were matched to a database of U.S. Social Security Administration data to determine gender. RESULTS Overall female authorship, female senior authorship, and female first authorship exhibited a significant upward trend from 2000 to 2019 (P <0.001, P <0.001, P = 0.002). As the number of female last authors increased, female last authors were significantly more likely to publish with female first authors, and significantly less likely publish with male first authors (P <0.001, P <0.001). Furthermore, we found a significant difference for female authors being less likely to get cited than male authors (p = 0.02), despite the greater proportion of females that authored research articles with higher citation counts compared to males (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the significant progress in female representation within urological publications, female-authored publications continue to constitute a smaller proportion of the urological literature and are less likely to be cited. Our study provides the first evidence on the current status of female underrepresentation within academic urology and literature productivity at this watershed moment. As the number of female urologists evolves, these findings will be of significant impact in the advancement of female investigators in urology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devki C Shukla
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | | | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Dara J Lundon
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schauwecker N, Kaplan A, Hunter JB. Gender Prevalence and Trends in Otology and Neurotology Publications. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:659-665. [PMID: 33967242 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess otology and neurotology authorship by gender, subject, and country of origin from 2000 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of otology and neurotology publications in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 from 10 prominent journals within otolaryngology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographics for first through third and final authors, including gender, degree, coauthorship, as well as number of authors, subject matter, and region of origin for each publication. RESULTS A total of 4,411 neurotology articles published in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were analyzed. During the study period, the proportion of female authors increased from 22.3% in 2000 to 33.9% in 2019 (p < 0.0001). However, authorship position analysis demonstrated no increase in final female authorship (22.5% in 2019, from 19.4% in 2000, p = 0.112). Geographic region analysis demonstrated a similar overall global trend toward an increase in female authors. When considering author gender by position, North America, the Middle East, and Africa failed to demonstrate significant increasing trends for female final authors. Female final authors were also significantly less likely to have medical degrees than final male authors, (37.4% versus 78.6%, respectfully, p = < 0.0001). Finally, women published more often within the subjects of pediatrics and audiology (46.5% and 37.3% of final authors, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Female authorship in otology and neurotology has increased globally. With the predominant number of articles originating from North America, and articles originating from North America failing to demonstrate an increase in female final authorship, overall, final female authorship did not change during the study period. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE GAP AND EDUCATIONAL NEED There is no comprehensive study exploring gender distribution within only the specialty of otology and neurotology. While it is known that more women are becoming otolaryngologists, it is unknown if this increase is reflected in otology and neurotology publications, domestically and internationally. LEARNING OBJECTIVE To understand if gender biases and/or differences exist within otology and neurotology publications. DESIRED RESULT Identify trends in otology and neurotology publications to address particular barriers to female publication within the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson Kaplan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jacob B Hunter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clark VR, Flores LE, Oosterhoff JHF, Hopf HW, Silver JK. Recruitment of Women to Anesthesiology: Parallels to Surgery and Interventional Radiology. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:753-754. [PMID: 32948505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varina R Clark
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Laura E Flores
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jacobien H F Oosterhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusets
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Puri K, First LR, Kemper AR. Trends in Gender Distribution Among Authors of Research Studies in Pediatrics: 2015-2019. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-040873. [PMID: 33757997 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Puri
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas;
| | - Lewis R First
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, The University of Vermont and The University of Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Alex R Kemper
- Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Flexman AM, Shillcutt SK, Davies S, Lorello GR. Current status and solutions for gender equity in anaesthesia research. Anaesthesia 2021; 76 Suppl 4:32-38. [PMID: 33682100 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing numbers of women entering anaesthesia, they remain persistently under-represented within academic anaesthesia and research. Gender discordance is seen across multiple aspects of research, including authorship, editorship, peer review, grant receipt, speaking and leading. Women are also under-represented at higher faculty ranks and in department chair positions. These inequities are further magnified for women with intersectional identities, such as those who identify as Black, indigenous and women of colour. Several barriers to participation in research have been identified to date, including a disproportionate amount of family responsibilities, a disproportionate burden of clinical service, gender bias, sexual harassment and the gender pay gap. Several strategies to improve gender equity have been proposed. Increasing access to formal mentorship of women in academic medicine is frequently cited and has been used by healthcare institutions and medical societies. Senior faculty and leaders must also be conscious of including women in sponsorship and networking opportunities. Institutions should provide support for parents of all genders, including supportive parental leave policies and flexible work models. Women should also be materially supported to attend formal educational conferences targeted for women, aimed at improving networking, peer support and professional development. Finally, leaders must display a clear intolerance for sexual harassment and discrimination to drive culture change. Peers and leaders alike, of all genders, can act as upstanders and speak up on behalf of targets of discrimination, both in the moment or after the fact. Gender inequities have persisted for far too long and can no longer be ignored. Diversifying the anaesthesia research community is essential to the future of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Flexman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S K Shillcutt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Davies
- Trinity College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R Lorello
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Taha B, Sadda P, Winston G, Odigie E, Londono C, Greenfield JP, Pannullo SC, Hoffman C. Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E3. [PMID: 33789232 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery. METHODS Author names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time. RESULTS The metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52-2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Large meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birra Taha
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Praneeth Sadda
- 2Department of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Graham Winston
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Eseosa Odigie
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | | | - Jeffrey P Greenfield
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Susan C Pannullo
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| | - Caitlin Hoffman
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College; and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rong LQ, Khan FM, Naik A, Robinson NB, Hameed I, Anderson LP, Rahouma M, Monteiro A, Sandner SE, Girardi LN, Pryor KO, Gaudino M. Gender differences in the authorship of contemporary anaesthesia literature: a cross-sectional study. Br J Anaesth 2021; 126:e162-e164. [PMID: 33640120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Q Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Faiza M Khan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajita Naik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Bryce Robinson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irbaz Hameed
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lillye P Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajit Monteiro
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonard N Girardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kane O Pryor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The demographics of the United States is changing with 51% of the population being female, and 32% of the population identifying as an underrepresented minority (URM, ie, African American/black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander). Women and URMs have been historically underrepresented in medicine and in academic anesthesiology. This article provides an overview of the current status of women and URM faculty in academic anesthesiology and provides a framework for academic advancement. Throughout the text, the terms woman/women are used, as opposed to female, as the terms woman/women refer to gender, and female refers to biological sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Toledo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron Street, F5-704, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Choy R Lewis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron Street, F5-704, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M S Lange
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron Street, F5-704, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Sommerfield A. Gender Balance in Anesthesiology: Is a Change of Societal Mindset Needed? Anesth Analg 2021; 132:270-274. [PMID: 33031345 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Aine Sommerfield
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gender gap in mental health research productivity: Results from Qatar. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102347. [PMID: 33271680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Qatar's contribution to biomedical research has increased significantly in the past couple of decades, but the exact participation of women researchers remains obscure. This study aims to explore the gender gap in research production of Qatar in the field of mental health. METHODS The authors searched five databases for published articles from Qatar in the field of mental health from 2015 to 2019. The authors examined the retrieved articles for the gender gap in 1) the number of researchers. 2) the numbers of articles produced by men-only research teams vs. the research teams included women. 3) h-index. 4) foreign collaboration. 5) research design and themes. RESULTS The authors identified 152 published articles in the field of mental health. Men researchers outnumbered women researchers (124 vs. 81). Men had statistically significant higher h-index compared to women (14.6 ± 1.4 vs 4.6 ± 0.9; p < 0.001). Research teams that included women had produced fewer articles compared to men-only groups (41.4 %), they also had less foreign collaborators (68 % vs. 91 %, p = 0.001). They were less involved in experimental research and more involved in observational research compared to male-only research groups (15.90 % vs. 38.6 % and 47.6 % vs. 25 % respectively; p = 0.034). In articles with women authors, women were the first authors in 50.8 % of the articles, and men were the senior authors in 79.4 % of them. CONCLUSION The study identifies gender gaps in some aspects of research productivity in Qatar. This data will provide a benchmark for future research in the field.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the gender distribution of authorship of pediatric critical care randomized control trials. DATA SOURCES The 415 randomized control trials in pediatric critical care published before 2019. STUDY SELECTION We included all randomized control trials enrolling children in a PICU. We used PICUtrials.net, which uses comprehensive search strategies of multiple databases, to identify published randomized control trials. DATA EXTRACTION We manually extracted the name and profession of each listed author from each publication and classified each author as male or female based on their name. RESULTS We included 2,146 authors and were able to classify 1,888 (88%) as men or women. Overall, 38% of authors were women, this varied with the authorship position: 37% of first, 38% of middle, and 25% of last authors were women (p < 0.001). The three most common professions were physician (63%), nonclinician (11%), and nurse (6%)-of which 30%, 45%, and 97%, respectively, were women. The percentage of female authorship overall has increased from 28% in 1985-1989 to 39% in 2015-2018 (p for trend = 0.004). There were no significant differences in the characteristics of randomized control trials published with a female first or last author versus those with both male first and last authors with respect to the median number of children randomized (60 vs. 50; p = 0.41), multicentred trials (17% vs. 24%; p = 0.12), trials at low risk of bias (50% vs. 66%; p = 0.26), reporting any funding (55% vs. 51%; p = 0.66), or median number of citations per year (1.5 vs. 2.4; p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Although increasing over time, the percentage of researchers publishing pediatric critical care randomized control trials who are women still lags behind the percentage clinicians who are women. Trials that female researchers publish are similar in characteristics and impact as male researchers. Further work should identify barriers to gender diversity and potential solutions in pediatric critical care research.
Collapse
|
48
|
Carter JC, Garden AL. The gap between attitudes and processes related to 'family-friendly' practices in anaesthesia training in New Zealand: A survey of anaesthesia supervisors of training and departmental directors. Anaesth Intensive Care 2020; 48:454-464. [PMID: 33198475 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x20958716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gender inequity persists within the anaesthetic workforce, despite approaching numerical parity in Australia and New Zealand. There is evidence, from anaesthesia and the wider health workforce, that domestic gender norms regarding parental responsibilities contribute to this. The creation of 'family-friendly' workplaces may be useful in driving change, a concept reflected in the gender equity action plan developed by the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. This study aimed to explore the extent to which a family-friendly culture exists within anaesthesia training in New Zealand, from the perspective of leaders in anaesthesia departments. An electronic survey composed of quantitative and qualitative questions was emailed to all supervisors of training, rotational supervisors and departmental directors at Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists accredited training hospitals in New Zealand. Twenty-eight of the 71 eligible participants responded (response rate 39%). The majority (61%) agreed with the statement 'our department has a "family friendly" approach to anaesthesia trainees'; however, there was a discrepancy between views about how departments should be and how they actually are. Several barriers contributing to this discrepancy were identified, including workforce logistics, governance, departmental structures and attitudes. Uncertainty in responses regarding aspects of working hours, parental leave and the use of domestic sick leave reflect gaps in understanding, with scope for further enquiry and education. To redress gender bias seriously through the development of family-friendly policies and practices requires supportive governance and logistics, along with some cultural change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Carter
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexander L Garden
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mahajan UV, Wadhwa H, Fatemi P, Xu S, Shan J, Benzil DL, Zygourakis CC. Does double-blind peer review impact gender authorship trends? An evaluation of two leading neurosurgical journals from 2010 to 2019. J Neurosurg 2020; 135:352–360. [PMID: 33186905 DOI: 10.3171/2020.6.jns20902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Publications are key for advancement within academia. Although women are underrepresented in academic neurosurgery, the rates of women entering residency, achieving board certification, and publishing papers are increasing. The goal of this study was to assess the current status of women in academic neurosurgery publications. Specifically, this study sought to 1) survey female authorship rates in the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS [not including JNS: Spine or JNS: Pediatrics]) and Neurosurgery from 2010 to 2019; 2) analyze whether double-blind peer review (started in Neurosurgery in 2011) altered female authorship rates relative to single-blind review (JNS); and 3) evaluate how female authorship rates compared with the number of women entering neurosurgery residency and obtaining neurosurgery board certification. METHODS Genders of the first and last authors for JNS and Neurosurgery articles from 2010 to 2019 were obtained. Data were also gathered on the number and percentage of women entering neurosurgery residency and women obtaining American Board of Neurological Surgeons (ABNS) certification between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS Women accounted for 13.4% (n = 570) of first authors and 6.8% (n = 240) of last authors in JNS and Neurosurgery publications. No difference in rates of women publishing existed between the two journals (first authors: 13.0% JNS vs 13.9% Neurosurgery, p = 0.29; last authors: 7.3% JNS vs 6.0% Neurosurgery, p = 0.25). No difference existed between women first or last authors in Neurosurgery before and after initiation of double-blind review (p = 0.066). Significant concordance existed between the gender of first and last authors: in publications with a woman last author, the odds of the first author being a woman was increased by twofold (OR 2.14 [95% CI 1.43-3.13], p = 0.0001). Women represented a lower proportion of authors of invited papers (8.6% of first authors and 3.1% of last authors were women) compared with noninvited papers (14.1% of first authors and 7.4% of last authors were women) (first authors: OR 0.576 [95% CI 0.410-0.794], p = 0.0004; last authors: OR 0.407 [95% CI 0.198-0.751], p = 0.001). The proportion of women US last authors (7.4%) mirrors the percentage of board-certified women neurosurgeons (5.4% in 2010 and 6.8% in 2019), while the percentage of women US first authors (14.3%) is less than that for women entering neurosurgical residency (11.2% in 2009 and 23.6% in 2018). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The authors found that single- versus double-blind peer review did not impact female authorship rates at two top neurosurgical journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma V Mahajan
- 1School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Harsh Wadhwa
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Parastou Fatemi
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samantha Xu
- 1School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Judy Shan
- 3University of California at Berkeley, California; and
| | | | - Corinna C Zygourakis
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Flynn B, Stiles K, Fritzel A, Weyker P, Ivascu N, Nazir N, Lozenski J. Survey of Workplace Perceptions of Female Anesthesiologists. Anesth Essays Res 2020; 14:177-182. [PMID: 33487811 PMCID: PMC7819393 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_17_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disparities encountered by men and women physicians are well documented. However, evidence is lacking concerning the effects of gender on daily practice in the specialty of anesthesiology. Aims To evaluate gender disparities perceived by female anesthesiologists. Setting and Design Anonymous, voluntary 30-question, electronic secure REDcap survey. Materials and Methods Survey link was sent via email, Twitter and the Facebook page, Physician Mom's Group. Instructions dictated that only female attending anesthesiologists participate and to partake in the survey one time. Statistical Analysis Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Chi-square test. Likert scale items were treated as continuous variables. T-tests were utilized to examine differences between those who reported burnout and those who did not. Results 502 survey responses were received and analyzed. Female leadership was valued by 78%, yet only 47% had leadership roles. Being female was identified by 51% as negatively affecting career advancement and 90% perceived that women in medicine need to work harder than men to achieve the same career goals. Sexual harassment was experienced by 55%. Nearly 35% of institutions did not offer paid maternity leave. Burnout was identified in 43% of respondents and was significantly associated with work-life balance not being ideal (P < 0.0001), gender negatively affecting career advancement (P < 0.0001), experiencing sexual harassment at work (P = 0.002), feeling the need to work harder than men (P = 0.0033), being responsible for majority of household duties (P = 0.0074), lack of weekly exercise (P = 0.0135) and lack of lactation needs at work (P = 0.0007). Conclusions Understanding perceptions of female anesthesiologists may lead to actionable plans aimed at improving workplace equity or conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Flynn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Katherine Stiles
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abbey Fritzel
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul Weyker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaiser South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Ivascu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niaman Nazir
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeanette Lozenski
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|