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Uchikawa H, Rahmani R. Animal Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: History, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01276-3. [PMID: 39060663 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are a disease process with potentially devastating outcomes, particularly when rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. While some candidates exist, there is currently no established pharmacological prevention of growth and rupture. The development of prophylactic treatments is a critical area of research, and preclinical models using animals play a pivotal role. These models, which utilize various species and induction methods, each possess unique characteristics that can be leveraged depending on the specific aim of the study. A comprehensive understanding of these models, including their historical development, is crucial for appreciating the advantages and limitations of aneurysm research in animal models.We summarize the significant roles of animal models in IA research, with a particular focus on rats, mice, and large animals. We discuss the pros and cons of each model, providing insights into their unique characteristics and contributions to our understanding of IA. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the pathophysiology of IA and in the development of potential therapeutic strategies.A deep understanding of these models is essential for advancing research on preventive treatments for IA. By leveraging the unique strengths of each model and acknowledging their limitations, researchers can conduct more effective and targeted studies. This, in turn, can accelerate the development of novel therapeutic strategies, bringing us closer to the goal of establishing an effective prophylactic treatment for IA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the current state of animal models in IA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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2
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Kim S, Nowicki KW, Kohyama K, Mittal A, Ye S, Wang K, Fujii T, Rajesh S, Cao C, Mantena R, Barbuto M, Jung Y, Gross BA, Friedlander RM, Wagner WR. Development of an Injectable, ECM-Derivative Embolic for the Treatment of Cerebral Saccular Aneurysms. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39001820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms are a source of neurological morbidity and mortality, most often as a result of rupture. The most common approach for treating aneurysms involves endovascular embolization using nonbiodegradable medical devices, such as platinum coils. However, the need for retreatment due to the recanalization of coil-treated aneurysms highlights the importance of exploring alternative solutions. In this study, we propose an injectable extracellular matrix-derived embolic formed in situ by Michael addition of gelatin-thiol (Gel-SH) and hyaluronic acid vinyl sulfone (HA-VS) that may be delivered with a therapeutic agent (here, RADA-SP) to fill and remodel aneurysmal tissue without leaving behind permanent foreign bodies. The injectable embolic material demonstrated rapid gelation under physiological conditions, forming a highly porous structure and allowing for cellular infiltration. The injectable embolic exhibited thrombogenic behavior in vitro that was comparable to that of alginate injectables. Furthermore, in vivo studies in a murine carotid aneurysm model demonstrated the successful embolization of a saccular aneurysm and extensive cellular infiltration both with and without RADA-SP at 3 weeks, with some evidence of increased vascular or fibrosis markers with RADA-SP incorporation. The results indicate that the developed embolic has inherent potential for acutely filling cerebrovascular aneurysms and encouraging the cellular infiltration that would be necessary for stable, chronic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungil Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kamil W Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Keishi Kohyama
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Aditya Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sangho Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Taro Fujii
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Shivbaskar Rajesh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Catherine Cao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rohit Mantena
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Marianna Barbuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Ri.MED Foundation, Cardiac Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 130-650 Republic of Korea
| | - Bradley A Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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3
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Lim J, Aguirre AO, Baig AA, Levy BR, Ladner LR, Crider C, Garay-Morales S, Yu Alfonzo S, Galloza D, Jaikumar V, Monteiro A, Kuo CC, Vakharia K, Lai PMR, Snyder KV, Davies JM, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI. Global Disparities in the Presentation and Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review and Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 187:202-210.e4. [PMID: 38750883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high mortality rates. There is a significant gap in the literature describing global disparities in demographics, management, and outcomes among patients with aSAH. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess global disparities in aSAH presentation and management. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were queried from earliest records to November 2022 for aSAH literature. Presentation, demographics, comorbidities, treatment methods, and outcomes data were collected. Articles that did not report aSAH-specific patient management and outcomes were excluded. Pooled weighted prevalence rates were calculated. Random effects model rates were reported. RESULTS After screening, 33 articles representing 10,553 patients were included. The prevalence of Fisher grade 3 or 4 aSAH in high- and lower-income countries (HIC and LIC), respectively, was 79.8% (P < 0.01) and 84.1 (P < 0.01). Prevalence of male aSAH patients in HIC and LIC, respectively, was 35.8% (P < 0.01) and 45.0% (P < 0.01). Prevalence of treatment in aSAH patients was 99.5% (P < 0.01) and 99.4% (P = 0.16) in HIC and LIC, respectively. In HIC, 35% (P < 0.01) of aneurysms in aSAH patients were treated with coiling. No LIC reported coiling for aSAH treatment; LIC only reported rates of surgical clipping, with a total prevalence of 92.4% (P < 0.01) versus 65.6% (P < 0.01) in HIC. CONCLUSION In this analysis, we found similar rates of high-grade SAH hemorrhages in HIC and LIC but a lack of endovascular coil embolization treatments reported in LIC. Additional research and discussion are needed to identify reasons for treatment disparities and intervenable societal factors to improve aSAH outcomes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaims Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alexander O Aguirre
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ammad A Baig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bennett R Levy
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Liliana R Ladner
- School of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Corianne Crider
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Steven Garay-Morales
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu Alfonzo
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel Galloza
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Vinay Jaikumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Cathleen C Kuo
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunal Vakharia
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Pui Man Rosalind Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth V Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jason M Davies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elad I Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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4
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Kimura T, Rahmani R, Miyamoto T, Kamio Y, Kudo D, Sato H, Ikedo T, Baranoski JF, Uchikawa H, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Vitamin D deficiency promotes intracranial aneurysm rupture. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1174-1183. [PMID: 38241458 PMCID: PMC11179614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241226750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes severe disability and high mortality. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between decreased vitamin D levels and an increase in aneurysm rupture. However, the causality and mechanism remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested whether vitamin D deficiency promotes aneurysm rupture and examined the underlying mechanism for the protective role of vitamin D against the development of aneurysm rupture utilizing a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm. Mice consuming a vitamin D-deficient diet had a higher rupture rate than mice with a regular diet. Vitamin D deficiency increased proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries. Concurrently, vitamin D receptor knockout mice had a higher rupture rate than the corresponding wild-type littermates. The vitamin D receptors on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, mediated the effect of aneurysm rupture. Our results establish that vitamin D protects against the development of aneurysmal rupture through the vitamin D receptors on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Vitamin D supplementation may be a viable pharmacologic therapy for preventing aneurysm rupture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
- Intracranial Aneurysm/etiology
- Mice
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/deficiency
- Vitamin D/therapeutic use
- Vitamin D/blood
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kimura
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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5
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Catapano JS, Winkler EA, Rudy RF, Graffeo CS, Koester SW, Srinivasan VM, Cole TS, Baranoski JF, Scherschinski L, Jha RM, Jadhav AP, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Lawton MT. Sex differences in patients with and without high-risk factors associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:125. [PMID: 38457080 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy remains regarding the appropriate screening for intracranial aneurysms or for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) for patients without known high-risk factors for rupture. This study aimed to assess how sex affects both aSAH presentation and outcomes for aSAH treatment. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients treated at a single institution for an aSAH during a 12-year period (August 1, 2007-July 31, 2019). An analysis of women with and without high-risk factors was performed, including a propensity adjustment for a poor neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at follow-up. RESULTS Data from 1014 patients were analyzed (69% [n = 703] women). Women were significantly older than men (mean ± SD, 56.6 ± 14.1 years vs 53.4 ± 14.2 years, p < 0.001). A significantly lower percentage of women than men had a history of tobacco use (36.6% [n = 257] vs 46% [n = 143], p = 0.005). A significantly higher percentage of women than men had no high-risk factors for aSAH (10% [n = 70] vs 5% [n = 16], p = 0.01). The percentage of women with an mRS score > 2 at the last follow-up was significantly lower among those without high-risk factors (34%, 24/70) versus those with high-risk factors (53%, 334/633) (p = 0.004). Subsequent propensity-adjusted analysis (adjusted for age, Hunt and Hess grade, and Fisher grade) found no statistically significant difference in the odds of a poor outcome for women with or without high-risk factors for aSAH (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1.2, p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS A higher percentage of women versus men with aSAH had no known high-risk factors for rupture, supporting more aggressive screening and management of women with unruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Robert F Rudy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Stefan W Koester
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Visish M Srinivasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Tyler S Cole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ruchira M Jha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Felipe C Albuquerque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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6
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Ishiguro T, Furukawa H, Polen K, Take Y, Sato H, Kudo D, Morgan J, Uchikawa H, Maeda T, Cisneros O, Rahmani R, Ai J, Eguchi S, Lawton M, Hashimoto T. Pharmacological Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Prevents Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Hypertension 2024; 81:572-581. [PMID: 38164754 PMCID: PMC10922815 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple pathways and factors are involved in the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) has been shown to mediate inflammatory vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm. However, the role of EGFR in mediating intracranial aneurysm rupture and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be determined. Emerging evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might be the link between EGFR activation and the resultant inflammation. ER stress is strongly implicated in inflammation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, both of which are key components of the pathophysiology of aneurysm rupture. Therefore, we hypothesized that EGFR activation promotes aneurysmal rupture by inducing ER stress. METHODS Using a preclinical mouse model of intracranial aneurysm, we examined the potential roles of EGFR and ER stress in developing aneurysmal rupture. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR markedly decreased the rupture rate of intracranial aneurysms without altering the formation rate. EGFR inhibition also significantly reduced the mRNA (messenger RNA) expression levels of ER-stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in cerebral arteries. Similarly, ER-stress inhibition also significantly decreased the rupture rate. In contrast, ER-stress induction nullified the protective effect of EGFR inhibition on aneurysm rupture. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that EGFR activation is an upstream event that contributes to aneurysm rupture via the induction of ER stress. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR or downstream ER stress may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ishiguro
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Kyle Polen
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Yushiro Take
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Jordan Morgan
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Takuma Maeda
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Oscar Cisneros
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
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7
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Khan D, Li X, Hashimoto T, Tanikawa R, Niemela M, Lawton M, Muhammad S. Current Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of Pharmacological Agents Used to Induce Aneurysms and Their Impact on Translational Research. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031811. [PMID: 38258667 PMCID: PMC11056163 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are rare vascular lesions that are more frequently found in women. The pathophysiology behind the formation and growth of IAs is complex. Hence, to date, no single pharmacological option exists to treat them. Animal models, especially mouse models, represent a valuable tool to explore such complex scientific questions. Genetic modification in a mouse model of IAs, including deletion or overexpression of a particular gene, provides an excellent means for examining basic mechanisms behind disease pathophysiology and developing novel pharmacological approaches. All existing animal models need some pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, or both to develop IAs, which is different from the spontaneous and natural development of aneurysms under the influence of the classical risk factors. The benefit of such animal models is the development of IAs in a limited time. However, clinical translation of the results is often challenging because of the artificial course of IA development and growth. Here, we summarize the continuous improvement in mouse models of IAs. Moreover, we discuss the pros and cons of existing mouse models of IAs and highlight the main translational roadblocks and how to improve them to increase the success of translational IA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaware Khan
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Xuanchen Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery and NeurobiologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Rokuya Tanikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke CenterSapporo Teishinkai HospitalSapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Mika Niemela
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael Lawton
- Department of Neurological SurgeryBarrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Patel D, Dodd WS, Lucke‐Wold B, Chowdhury MAB, Hosaka K, Hoh BL. Neutrophils: Novel Contributors to Estrogen-Dependent Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Via Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029917. [PMID: 37889179 PMCID: PMC10727420 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more prevalent in women than men, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. These sex differences suggest estrogen protects against IA progression that can lead to rupture, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although studies have demonstrated estrogen regulates inflammatory processes that contribute to IA pathogenesis, the role of neutrophils remains to be characterized. Using a murine model, we tested our hypothesis that neutrophils contribute to IA pathophysiology in an estrogen-dependent manner. Methods and Results We compared neutrophil infiltration in C57BL/6 female mice that develop IAs to those with a normal circle of Willis. Next, we investigated the estrogen-dependent role of neutrophils in IA formation, rupture, and symptom-free survival using a neutrophil depletion antibody. Finally, we studied the role of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) as an underlying mechanism of aneurysm progression. Mice that developed aneurysms had increased neutrophil infiltration compared with those with a normal circle of Willis. In estrogen-deficient female mice, both neutrophil depletion and NETosis inhibition decreased aneurysm rupture. In estrogen-deficient female mice treated with estrogen rescue and estrogen-intact female mice, neither neutrophil depletion nor NETosis inhibition affected IA formation, rupture, or symptom-free survival. Conclusions Neutrophils contribute to aneurysm rupture in an estrogen-dependent manner. NETosis appears to be an underlying mechanism for neutrophil-mediated IA rupture in estrogen deficiency. Targeting NETosis may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to protect against IA rupture in the setting of estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Patel
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - William S. Dodd
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | | | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Brian L. Hoh
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Kawakatsu T, Kamio Y, Makino H, Hokamura K, Imai R, Sugimura S, Kimura T, Hiramatsu H, Umemura K, Hashimoto T, Kurozumi K. Dietary Iron Restriction Protects against Aneurysm Rupture in a Mouse Model of Intracranial Aneurysm. Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 53:191-197. [PMID: 37290410 DOI: 10.1159/000531431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron accumulation in vessel walls induces oxidative stress and inflammation, which can cause cerebrovascular damage, vascular wall degeneration, and intracranial aneurysmal formation, growth, and rupture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysm rupture results in significant morbidity and mortality. This study used a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm to evaluate the effect of dietary iron restriction on aneurysm formation and rupture. METHODS Intracranial aneurysms were induced using deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid of the basal cistern. Mice were fed an iron-restricted diet (n = 23) or a normal diet (n = 25). Aneurysm rupture was detected by neurological symptoms, while the presence of intracranial aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage was confirmed by post-mortem examination. RESULTS The aneurysmal rupture rate was significantly lower in iron-restricted diet mice (37%) compared with normal diet mice (76%; p < 0.05). Serum oxidative stress, iron accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the vascular wall were lower in iron-restricted diet mice (p < 0.01). The areas of iron positivity were similar to the areas of CD68 positivity and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in both normal diet and iron-restricted diet mouse aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that iron is involved in intracranial aneurysm rupture via vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary iron restriction may have a promising role in preventing intracranial aneurysm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawakatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hokamura
- Department of Medical Education, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Imai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Sho Sugimura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hisaya Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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10
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Westphal LP, Bögli SY, Werner J, Casagrande F, Keller E, Brandi G. Sex-related differences in symptom presentation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. F1000Res 2023; 11:1149. [PMID: 37476819 PMCID: PMC10354455 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124123.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with myocardial infarction, atypical symptoms at onset have been demonstrated in women. We aimed to investigate the presence of sex-related differences in symptom presentation in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) to enable earlier diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We assessed symptoms on admission to hospital in 343 patients with aSAH in this retrospective single-center cohort-study. Univariate statistical analysis was performed by comparing sexes including the whole study population and subgroups (dichotomized using Fisher scale 1-2 vs. 3-4, WFNS grade 1-3 vs. 4-5, and anterior vs. posterior circulation aneurysms, respectively). Results: The majority of patients was female (63.6%, n=218, vs. 36.4%, n=125), the mean age 57.4 years (standard deviation (SD) 13.3) with older women compared to men (59.2, SD 13.8, vs. 54.4, SD 11.6; p=0.003). Anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms were most common (30.9%, n=106), predominantly in men (43.2%, n=54, vs. 23.9%, n=52; p=0.0002), whereas posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms were more frequent in women (19.3%, n=42, vs. 8.8%, n=11; p=0.005). Exercise-induced headache was more often reported by men (10.4%, n=13, vs. 5%, n=11; p=0.04) in all patients as well as in the subgroup of WFNS 1-3. Anisocoria was more frequent in women within the subgroup of severely impaired consciousness (WFNS 4-5; 25.3%, n=22, vs. 10.7%, n=6; p=0.032). For all other symptoms, there was no evidence for sex-specific differences in the whole study group as well as in subgroups. Conclusion: Our results show no evidence for relevant sex-related differences in symptom presentation at onset in aSAH patients. Women presenting with an acute onset anisocoria should be screened even more carefully for an underlying ruptured Pcom aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Philine Westphal
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Yu Bögli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Jana Werner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Casagrande
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Keller
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Brandi
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
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11
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Wang Q, Liu M, Zhao K, Xu X, Zhang J, Xu B. Hyperhomocysteinemia increases the risk of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm among the male Han Chinese population: a retrospective case-control study. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36714920 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2174024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) are known to have a poor natural history with high rates of re-bleeding and mortality. There is a strong relation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and cerebrovascular disease; we perform a retrospective study within the male of Chinese Han population to explore the association between HHcy and VBDAs. METHODS Eighty-eight male patients with VBDA and Eighty-one male control subjects were evaluated for their serum total homocysteine levels. With multiple logistic regression analysis, the association between HHcy and the risk of VBDAs was estimated. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to age, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, and chronic disease histories. The two-piecewise linear regression model examined the threshold effect. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between HHcy and VBDAs (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-6.71) after adjusting for classical vascular risk factors. The relationship was stable in all subgroup analysis. The interactive role was not found in the association between HHcy and VBDAs for the potential risk factor. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides evidence that HHcy can increases the risk of VBDAs in the male Han Chinese population. Further researches with appropriate study designs including sex differences and aneurysm types are needed to verify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Minghang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - JiaShu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - BaiNan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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12
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu D. Intracranial Aneurysms Induced by RUNX1 Through Regulation of NFKB1 in Patients With Hypertension-An Integrated Analysis Based on Multiple Datasets and Algorithms. Front Neurol 2022; 13:877801. [PMID: 35655614 PMCID: PMC9152011 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to identify potential therapeutic targets by examining the hub genes contributing to progression of intracranial aneurysm (IA) in patients with hypertension. Methods The bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets of hypertension and IA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) database. These data were then used to calculate disease-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the individual level. An scRNA-seq dataset of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was used to analyze monocyte/macrophage-related DEGs. On the basis of the DEG data related to monocytes and macrophages, a TF-genes network has been developed. Hub genes and core sub-networks have also been identified. Furthermore, the key genes have been validated in an external cohort. Results From combined monocyte and macrophage-derived DEGs from abdominal aortic aneurysms, five hub DEGs were detected, including IFI30, SERPINE1, HMOX1, IL24, and RUNX1. A total of 57 genes were found in the IA bulk RNA-seq dataset. A support vector machine-recursive feature elimination algorithm (SVM-RFE) was applied to further screen the seven genes (RPS4Y1, DDX3Y, RUNX1, CLEC10A, PLAC8, SLA, and LILRB3). RUNX1 was the hub gene that regulated NFKB1 in the monocyte/macrophage-related network. And RUNX1 is implicated in IA progression by regulating hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and abnormal platelet production, according to gene set enrichment analysis. Conclusion Among patients with hypertension, RUNX1 in monocytes and macrophages was associated with a higher risk of IA through its regulation of NFKB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
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13
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Fréneau M, Baron-Menguy C, Vion AC, Loirand G. Why Are Women Predisposed to Intracranial Aneurysm? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:815668. [PMID: 35224050 PMCID: PMC8866977 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.815668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a frequent and generally asymptomatic cerebrovascular abnormality characterized as a localized dilation and wall thinning of intracranial arteries that preferentially arises at the arterial bifurcations of the circle of Willis. The devastating complication of IA is its rupture, which results in subarachnoid hemorrhage that can lead to severe disability and death. IA affects about 3% of the general population with an average age for detection of rupture around 50 years. IAs, whether ruptured or unruptured, are more common in women than in men by about 60% overall, and more especially after the menopause where the risk is double-compared to men. Although these data support a protective role of estrogen, differences in the location and number of IAs observed in women and men under the age of 50 suggest that other underlying mechanisms participate to the greater IA prevalence in women. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current data from both clinical and basic research and a synthesis of the proposed mechanisms that may explain why women are more prone to develop IA.
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14
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Fuentes AM, Stone McGuire L, Amin-Hanjani S. Sex Differences in Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2022; 53:624-633. [PMID: 34983239 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in cerebral aneurysm occurrence and characteristics have been well described. Although sex differences in outcomes following ischemic stroke have been identified, the effect of sex on outcomes following hemorrhagic stroke, and in particular, aneurysm treatment has been less studied. We describe the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of sex on treatment and outcomes of cerebral aneurysms. Although prior studies suggest that aneurysm prevalence and progression may be related to sex, we did not find clear evidence that outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage vary based on sex. Last, we identify areas for future research that could enhance understanding of the role sex plays in this context.
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15
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RNA Sequencing Data from Human Intracranial Aneurysm Tissue Reveals a Complex Inflammatory Environment Associated with Rupture. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:775-790. [PMID: 34403136 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture leads to deadly subarachnoid hemorrhages. However, the mechanisms leading to rupture remain poorly understood. Altered gene expression within IA tissue is linked to the pathobiology of aneurysm development and progression. Here, we analyzed expression patterns of control tissue samples and compared them to those of unruptured and ruptured IA tissue samples using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). METHODS FASTQ files for 21 ruptured IAs, 21 unruptured IAs, and 16 control tissue samples were accessed from the GEO database. DESeq2 was used for differential expression analysis in three comparisons: unruptured IA versus control, ruptured IA versus control, and ruptured versus unruptured IA. Genes that were differentially expressed in multiple comparisons were evaluated to find those progressively increasing/decreasing from control to unruptured to ruptured. Significance was tested by either analysis of variance/Gabriel or Brown-Forsythe/Games Howell (p < 0.05 was considered significant). We used additional RNA sequencing and proteomics datasets to evaluate if our differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in other studies. Bioinformatics analyses were performed with g:Profiler and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS In total, we identified 1768 DEGs, of which 318 were found in multiple comparisons. Unruptured versus control reflected vascular remodeling processes, while ruptured versus control reflected inflammatory responses and cell activation/signaling. When comparing ruptured to unruptured IAs, we found massive activation of inflammation, inflammatory responses, and leukocyte responses. Of the 318 genes in multiple comparisons, 127 were found to be significant in the multi-cohort correlation analysis. Those that progressively increased (70 genes) were associated with immune system processes, while those that progressively decreased (38 genes) did not return any gene ontology terms. Many of our DEGs were also found in the other IA tissue sequencing studies. CONCLUSIONS We found unruptured IAs relate more to remodeling processes, while ruptured IAs reflect more inflammatory and immune responses.
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Yokosuka K, Rutledge C, Kamio Y, Kuwabara A, Sato H, Rahmani R, Purcell J, Eguchi S, Baranoski JF, Margaryan T, Tovmasyan A, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Roles of Phytoestrogen in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysm. Stroke 2021; 52:2661-2670. [PMID: 34157864 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Yokosuka
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Caleb Rutledge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (C.R.)
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Atsushi Kuwabara
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (R.R.)
| | - James Purcell
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.)
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tigran Margaryan
- Division of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center (T.M., A.T.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Division of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center (T.M., A.T.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (K.Y., Y.K., A.K., H.S., R.R., J.P., J.F.B., J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Korai M, Purcell J, Kamio Y, Mitsui K, Furukawa H, Yokosuka K, Miyamoto T, Sato H, Sato H, Eguchi S, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. Hypertension 2021; 77:2084-2093. [PMID: 33813846 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Korai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - James Purcell
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kazuha Mitsui
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimihiko Yokosuka
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hitomi Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.)
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (M.K., J.P., Y.K., K.M., H.F., K.Y., T.M., Hitomi Sato, Hiroki Sato, J.A., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Endogenous animal models of intracranial aneurysm development: a review. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:2545-2570. [PMID: 33501561 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and natural history of intracranial aneurysm (IA) remains poorly understood. To this end, animal models with induced cerebral vessel lesions mimicking human aneurysms have provided the ability to greatly expand our understanding. In this review, we comprehensively searched the published literature to identify studies that endogenously induced IA formation in animals. Studies that constructed aneurysms (i.e., by surgically creating a sac) were excluded. From the eligible studies, we reported information including the animal species, method for aneurysm induction, aneurysm definitions, evaluation methods, aneurysm characteristics, formation rate, rupture rate, and time course. Between 1960 and 2019, 174 articles reported endogenous animal models of IA. The majority used flow modification, hypertension, and vessel wall weakening (i.e., elastase treatment) to induce IAs, primarily in rats and mice. Most studies utilized subjective or qualitative descriptions to define experimental aneurysms and histology to study them. In general, experimental IAs resembled the pathobiology of the human disease in terms of internal elastic lamina loss, medial layer degradation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. After the early 2000s, many endogenous animal models of IA began to incorporate state-of-the-art technology, such as gene expression profiling and 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo imaging, to quantitatively analyze the biological mechanisms of IA. Future studies aimed at longitudinally assessing IA pathobiology in models that incorporate aneurysm growth will likely have the largest impact on our understanding of the disease. We believe this will be aided by high-resolution, small animal, survival imaging, in situ live-cell imaging, and next-generation omics technology.
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Yue JK, Chang D, Oh T, Winkler EA, Lu AY, Hetts SW, Young EP, Reddy AT, Fox CK, Abla AA, Roland JL. Multiple Tumor-Associated Intracranial Aneurysms Adjacent to a Suprasellar Germ Cell Tumor: Case Report and Review of Literature. Pediatr Neurosurg 2021; 56:482-491. [PMID: 34320494 DOI: 10.1159/000517890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated intracranial aneurysms are rare and not well understood. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a 4-year-old female with multiple intracranial aneurysms intimately associated with a suprasellar germ cell tumor (GCT). We provide the clinical history, medical, and surgical treatment course, as well as a comprehensive and concise synthesis of the literature on tumor-associated aneurysms. DISCUSSION We discuss mechanisms for aneurysm formation with relevance to the current case, including cellular and paracrine signaling pertinent to suprasellar GCTs and possible molecular pathways involved. We review the complex multidisciplinary treatment required for complex tumor and cerebrovascular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Yue
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diana Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Taemin Oh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex Y Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Young
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alyssa T Reddy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christine K Fox
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Rosi Junior J, Gomes Dos Santos A, da Silva SA, Iglesio RF, Caldas JGMP, Rabelo NN, Teixeira MJ, Preul MC, Spetzler RF, Figueiredo EG. Multiple and mirror intracranial aneurysms: study of prevalence and associated risk factors. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 35:780-784. [PMID: 33164602 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1817849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIA) account for 30% of all intracranial aneurysms, while mirror aneurysms, a subgroup of MIA, are present in 5% of all patients with cerebral aneurysms. We investigated the risk factors associated with the presence of multiple and mirror intracranial aneurysms. METHODS 1404 patients, 314 males (22.4%) and 1090 female (77.6%) were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis was performed with a digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Multiplicity was defined as the presence of two or more aneurysms and mirror aneurysms as one pair of aneurysms involving bilateral corresponding arteries. Patients were followed-up from September 2009 till August 2018. Individuals' characteristics such as sex, age, smoking, hypertension and use of contraceptives were evaluated. RESULTS Five hundred and twelve patients (36.4%) were diagnosed with MIA, approximately 4%/year. We observed 203 pairs of mirror aneurysms, accounting for 406 aneurysms (13% of the population). There was an increased frequency of females with multiple (p < 0.001, OR = 1.883, 95% CI = 1.386-2.560) and mirror aneurysms (p < 0.001, OR = 2.828, 95% CI = 1.725-4.636). Smoking was associated with multiplicity (p< 0.001, OR = 1.458, 95% CI = 1.160-1.833), as well as advanced age (p < 0.001, OR = 1.938, 95% CI = 1.438-2.611), but there was no significant relation with presence of mirror aneurysms. We observed higher frequency of baby aneurysms (<3mm) in the group of patients with MIA, while giant aneurysms (>25 mm) were most found in patients with only one aneurysm (p < 0.001). No differences between patients who used contraceptives against patients who did not use were found (p = 0.600). CONCLUSIONS Gender and smoking, known risk factors to the development of a single intracranial aneurysm, are proportionally increased in patients with MIA. Hypertension and oral contraceptives were not associated with multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Rosi Junior
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Gomes Dos Santos
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saul Almeida da Silva
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ferrareto Iglesio
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nicollas Nunes Rabelo
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark C Preul
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Wajima D, Hourani S, Dodd W, Patel D, Jones C, Motwani K, Fazal HZ, Hosaka K, Hoh BL. Interleukin-6 Promotes Murine Estrogen Deficiency-Associated Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:583-592. [PMID: 31264696 PMCID: PMC7317988 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency is associated with cerebral aneurysm rupture, but the precise mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that IL-6 is required for the increase in aneurysm rupture rate observed in estrogen-deficient mice. METHODS We analyzed IL-6 expression in human cerebral aneurysms. We induced cerebral aneurysms in estrogen-deficient female C57BL/6 mice that had undergone 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment or bilateral ovariectomy (OVE). Mice were blindly randomized to selective IL-6 inhibition (IL-6 receptor [IL-6R] neutralizing antibody, n = 25) or control (isotype-matched IgG, n = 28). Murine cerebral arteries at the circle of Willis were assessed for aneurysm rupture and macrophage infiltration. RESULTS IL-6 is expressed in human cerebral aneurysms, but not in control arteries. Serum IL-6 is elevated in ovariectomized female mice compared to sham control (14.3 ± 1.7 pg/mL vs 7.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL, P = .008). Selective IL-6R inhibition suppressed cerebral aneurysm rupture in estrogen-deficient mice compared with control (VCD: 31.6% vs 70.0%, P = .026; OVE: 28.6% vs 65.2%, P = .019). IL-6R inhibition had no effect on formation or rupture rate in wild-type mice. IL-6R neutralizing antibody significantly reduced macrophage infiltration at the circle of Willis (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 5.7 ± 0.6 cells/2500 μm2; n = 8 vs n = 15; P < .001). CONCLUSION IL-6 is increased in the serum of estrogen-deficient mice and appears to play a role in promoting murine estrogen deficiency-associated cerebral aneurysm rupture via enhanced macrophage infiltration at the circle of Willis. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling via IL-6 receptor neutralizing antibody inhibits aneurysm rupture in estrogen-deficient mice. IL-6 receptor inhibition had no effect on aneurysm formation or rupture in wild-type animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Wajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Siham Hourani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Devan Patel
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Chad Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kartik Motwani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hanain Z Fazal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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22
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Furukawa H, Wada K, Tada Y, Kuwabara A, Sato H, Ai J, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Mast Cell Promotes the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. Stroke 2020; 51:3332-3339. [PMID: 33019897 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation has emerged as a key component of the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms. Mast cells have been detected in human intracranial aneurysm tissues, and their presence was associated with intramural microhemorrhage and wall degeneration. We hypothesized that mast cells play a critical role in the development of aneurysmal rupture, and that mast cells can be used as a therapeutic target for the prevention of aneurysm rupture. METHODS Intracranial aneurysms were induced in adult mice using a combination of induced systemic hypertension and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid. Aneurysm formation and rupture were assessed over 3 weeks. Roles of mast cells were assessed using a mast cell stabilizer (cromolyn), a mast cell activator (C48/80), and mice that are genetically lacking mature mast cells (KitW-sh/W-sh mice). RESULTS Pharmacological stabilization of mast cells with cromolyn markedly decreased the rupture rate of aneurysms (80% versus 19%, n=10 versus n =16) without affecting the aneurysm formation. The activation of mast cells with C48/80 significantly increased the rupture rate of aneurysms (25% versus 100%, n=4 versus n=5) without affecting the overall rate of aneurysm formation. Furthermore, the genetic deficiency of mast cells significantly prevented aneurysm rupture (80% versus 25%, n=10 versus n=8, wild-type versus KitW-sh/W-sh mice). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mast cells play a key role in promoting aneurysm rupture but not formation. Stabilizers of mast cells may have a potential therapeutic value in preventing intracranial aneurysm rupture in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Furukawa
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kosuke Wada
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yoshiteru Tada
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Atsushi Kuwabara
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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23
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Yanagisawa T, Zhang H, Suzuki T, Kamio Y, Takizawa T, Morais A, Chung DY, Qin T, Murayama Y, Faber JE, Patel AB, Ayata C. Sex and Genetic Background Effects on the Outcome of Experimental Intracranial Aneurysms. Stroke 2020; 51:3083-3094. [PMID: 32912097 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture risk are, in part, determined by genetic factors and sex. To examine their role, we compared 3 mouse strains commonly used in cerebrovascular studies in a model of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture. METHODS Intracranial aneurysms were induced in male CD1 (Crl:CD1[ICR]), male and female C57 (C57BL/6NCrl), and male 129Sv (129S2/SvPasCrl or 129S1/SvImJ) mice by stereotaxic injection of elastase at the skull base, combined with systemic deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Neurological deficits and mortality were recorded. Aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage grades were quantified postmortem, either after spontaneous mortality or at 7 to 21 days if the animals survived. In separate cohorts, we examined proinflammatory mediators by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, arterial blood pressure via the femoral artery, and the circle of Willis by intravascular latex casting. RESULTS We found striking differences in aneurysm formation, rupture, and postrupture survival rates among the groups. 129Sv mice showed the highest rates of aneurysm rupture (80%), followed by C57 female (36%), C57 male (27%), and CD1 (21%). The risk of aneurysm rupture and the presence of unruptured aneurysms significantly differed among all 3 strains, as well as between male and female C57. The same hierarchy was observed upon Kaplan-Meier analysis of both overall survival and deficit-free survival. Subarachnoid hemorrhage grades were also more severe in 129Sv. CD1 mice showed the highest resistance to aneurysm rupture and the mildest outcomes. Higher mean blood pressures and the major phenotypic difference in the circle of Willis anatomy in 129Sv provided an explanation for the higher incidence of and more severe aneurysm ruptures. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-1β (interleukin-1-beta), and CCL2 (chemokine C-C motif ligand 2) expressions did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of elastase-induced intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture in mice depends on genetic background and shows sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yanagisawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (T.Y., A.B.P.).,Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., Y.M.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (H.Z., J.E.F.)
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Andreia Morais
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (A.M.)
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (D.Y.C., C.A.)
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., Y.M.)
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (H.Z., J.E.F.).,Department of Neurobiology Curriculum, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (J.E.F.)
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (T.Y., A.B.P.)
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (D.Y.C., C.A.)
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24
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Desai M, Wali AR, Birk HS, Santiago-Dieppa DR, Khalessi AA. Role of pregnancy and female sex steroids on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture: a systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 47:E8. [PMID: 31261131 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.focus19228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women have been shown to have a higher risk of cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture than men. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that studies the role of pregnancy and female sex steroids, to provide a conceptual framework with which to understand the various risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms in women at different stages in their lives. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for "("intracranial" OR "cerebral") AND "aneurysm" AND ("pregnancy" OR "estrogen" OR "progesterone")" between January 1980 and February 2019. A total of 392 articles were initially identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 papers were selected for review and analysis. These papers were then divided into two categories: 1) epidemiological studies about the formation, growth, rupture, and management of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy; and 2) investigations on female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms (animal studies and epidemiological studies). RESULTS The 20 articles presented in this study include 7 epidemiological articles on pregnancy and cerebral aneurysms, 3 articles reporting case series of cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular therapies in pregnancy, 3 epidemiological articles reporting the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms through retrospective case-control studies, and 7 experimental studies using animal and/or cell models to understand the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms. The studies in this review report similar risk of aneurysm rupture in pregnant women compared to the general population. Most ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy occur during the 3rd trimester, and most pregnant women who present with cerebral aneurysm have caesarean section deliveries. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy is shown to provide a new and safe form of therapy for these cases. Epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women show that estrogen hormone therapy and later age at menopause are associated with a lower risk of cerebral aneurysm than in matched controls. Experimental studies in animal models corroborate this epidemiological finding; estrogen deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which may predispose to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, while exogenous estrogen treatment in this population may lower this risk. CONCLUSIONS The aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical and obstetrical/gynecological readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings from research on sex differences in cerebral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvin R Wali
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Harjus S Birk
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | | | - Alexander A Khalessi
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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25
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Hayashi K, Kataoka H, Minami M, Ikedo T, Miyata T, Shimizu K, Nagata M, Yang T, Yamamoto Y, Yokode M, Miyamoto S. Association of zinc administration with growth suppression of intracranial aneurysms via induction of A20. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:992-998. [PMID: 32217803 DOI: 10.3171/2020.1.jns192047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc is an essential micronutrient with multiple biological effects, including antiinflammation. Previously, the authors demonstrated that the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is strongly related to chronic inflammation. In this study, the authors investigated whether administration of zinc inhibits the growth of IAs in a rat model. METHODS The authors analyzed surgically induced IAs in Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal injections of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4; 3 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. RESULTS Size and wall thickness ratios of experimentally induced IAs were assessed in both treatment groups after induction and in a control group. The effects of zinc administration in IAs were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Zinc administration significantly suppressed aneurysm size and also preserved the internal elastic lumen. Administration of zinc significantly attenuated infiltration of macrophages into IAs. CONCLUSIONS Zinc treatment significantly increased expression of the antiinflammatory signaling protein A20, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, in rat IAs. Zinc administration may prevent the growth of rat IAs by inducing A20-attributed inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hayashi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Minami
- 2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Nagata
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tao Yang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- 2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Preclinical Intracranial Aneurysm Models: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030134. [PMID: 32120907 PMCID: PMC7139747 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are characterized by weakened cerebral vessel walls that may lead to rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mechanisms behind their formation and progression are yet unclear and warrant preclinical studies. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive, systematic overview of available animal models for the study of IA pathobiology. We conducted a systematic literature search using the PubMed database to identify preclinical studies employing IA animal models. Suitable articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included studies were reviewed and categorized according to the experimental animal and aneurysm model. Of 4266 returned results, 3930 articles were excluded based on the title and/or abstract and further articles after screening the full text, leaving 123 studies for detailed analysis. A total of 20 different models were found in rats (nine), mice (five), rabbits (four), and dogs (two). Rat models constituted the most frequently employed intracranial experimental aneurysm model (79 studies), followed by mice (31 studies), rabbits (12 studies), and two studies in dogs. The most common techniques to induce cerebral aneurysms were surgical ligation of the common carotid artery with subsequent induction of hypertension by ligation of the renal arteries, followed by elastase-induced creation of IAs in combination with corticosterone- or angiotensin-induced hypertension. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the multitude of available IA models to study various aspects of aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. It will serve as a useful reference for researchers by facilitating the selection of the most appropriate model and technique to answer their scientific question.
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27
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Morel S, Karol A, Graf V, Pelli G, Richter H, Sutter E, Braunersreuther V, Frösen J, Bijlenga P, Kwak BR, Nuss KM. Sex-related differences in wall remodeling and intraluminal thrombus resolution in a rat saccular aneurysm model. J Neurosurg 2019; 134:58-71. [PMID: 31881533 DOI: 10.3171/2019.9.jns191466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more often diagnosed in women. Hormones and vessel geometry, which influences wall shear stress, may affect pathophysiological processes of the arterial wall. Here, the authors investigated sex-related differences in the remodeling of the aneurysm wall and in intraluminal thrombus resolution. METHODS A well-characterized surgical side-wall aneurysm model was used in female, male, and ovariectomized rats. Decellularized grafts were used to model highly degenerated and decellularized IA walls and native grafts to model healthy IA walls. Aneurysm growth and thrombus composition were analyzed at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Sex-related differences in vessel wall remodeling were compared with human IA dome samples of men and pre- and postmenopausal women. RESULTS At 28 days, more aneurysm growth was observed in ovariectomized rats than in males or non-ovariectomized female rats. The parent artery size was larger in male rats than in female or ovariectomized rats, as expected. Wall inflammation increased over time in all groups and was most severe in the decellularized female and ovariectomized groups at 28 days compared with the male group. Likewise, in these groups the most elastin fragmentation was seen at 28 days. In female rats, on days 1, 7, and 14, the intraluminal thrombus was mainly composed of red blood cells and fibrin. On days 14 and 28, macrophage and smooth muscle cell invasion inside the thrombus was shown, leading to the removal of red blood cells and deposition of collagen and elastin. On days 14 and 28, similar profiles of thrombus reorganization were observed in male and ovariectomized female rats. However, collagen content in thrombi and vessel wall macrophage content were higher in aneurysms of male rats at 28 days than in those of female rats. On day 28, thrombus coverage by endothelial cells was lower in ovariectomized than in female or male rats. Finally, analysis of human IA domes showed that endothelial cell coverage was lower in men and postmenopausal women than in younger women. CONCLUSIONS Aneurysm growth and intraluminal thrombus resolution show sex-dependent differences. While certain processes (endothelial cell coverage and collagen deposition) point to a strong hormonal dependence, others (wall inflammation and aneurysm growth) seem to be influenced by both hormones and parent artery size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Morel
- 1Department of Pathology and Immunology and
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Henning Richter
- 4Diagnostic Imaging Research Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | | | | | - Juhana Frösen
- 6Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philippe Bijlenga
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- 1Department of Pathology and Immunology and
- 7Department of Medical Specializations-Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva
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Mitsui K, Ikedo T, Kamio Y, Furukawa H, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) Mediates the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. Hypertension 2019; 75:468-476. [PMID: 31865791 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is emerging as a critical factor in the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysm. TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) contributes not only to the innate immune responses but also to the inflammatory processes associated with vascular disease. Therefore, we examined the contribution of the TLR4 pathway to the development of the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. We used a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm. TLR4 inhibition significantly reduced the development of aneurysmal rupture. In addition, the rupture rate and levels of proinflammatory cytokines were lower in TLR4 knockout mice than the control littermates. Macrophage/monocyte-specific TLR4 knockout mice had a lower rupture rate than the control littermate mice. Moreover, the deficiency of MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88), a key mediator of TLR4, reduced the rupture rate. These findings suggest that the TLR4 pathway promotes the development of intracranial aneurysmal rupture by accelerating inflammation in aneurysmal walls. Inhibition of the TLR4 pathway in inflammatory cells may be a promising approach for the prevention of aneurysmal rupture and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuha Mitsui
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Shikata F, Shimada K, Sato H, Ikedo T, Kuwabara A, Furukawa H, Korai M, Kotoda M, Yokosuka K, Makino H, Ziegler EA, Kudo D, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Potential Influences of Gut Microbiota on the Formation of Intracranial Aneurysm. Hypertension 2019; 73:491-496. [PMID: 30624992 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota modulates metabolic and immunoregulatory axes and contributes to the pathophysiology of diseases with inflammatory components, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic stroke. Inflammation is emerging as a critical player in the pathophysiology of an intracranial aneurysm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota affects aneurysm formation by modulating inflammation. We induced intracranial aneurysms in mice by combining systemic hypertension and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid. Depletion of the gut microbiota was achieved via an oral antibiotic cocktail of vancomycin, metronidazole, ampicillin, and neomycin. Antibiotics were given 3 weeks before aneurysm induction and either continued until the end of the experiment or stopped 1 day before aneurysm induction. We also assessed the effects of the gut microbiota depletion on macrophage infiltration and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics reduced the incidence when antibiotics were started 3 weeks before aneurysm induction and continued until the end of the experiment (83% versus 6%, P<0.001). Even when antibiotics were stopped 1 day before aneurysm induction, the gut microbiota depletion significantly reduced the incidence of aneurysms (86% versus 28%, P<0.05). Both macrophage infiltration and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced with gut microbiota depletion. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathophysiology of aneurysms by modulating inflammation. Human studies are needed to determine the exact contribution of the gut microbiota to the pathophysiology of aneurysm formation and disease course in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Shikata
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kenji Shimada
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroki Sato
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Atsushi Kuwabara
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Masaaki Korai
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Masakazu Kotoda
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimihiko Yokosuka
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Emma A Ziegler
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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30
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Kamio Y, Miyamoto T, Kimura T, Mitsui K, Furukawa H, Zhang D, Yokosuka K, Korai M, Kudo D, Lukas RJ, Lawton MT, Hashimoto T. Roles of Nicotine in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. Stroke 2019; 49:2445-2452. [PMID: 30355112 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Tobacco cigarette smoking is considered to be a strong risk factor for intracranial aneurysmal rupture. Nicotine is a major biologically active constituent of tobacco products. Nicotine's interactions with vascular cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7*-nAChR) are thought to promote local inflammation and sustained angiogenesis. In this study, using a mouse intracranial aneurysm model, we assessed potential contributions of nicotine exposure and activation of α7*-nAChR to the development of aneurysmal rupture. Methods- Intracranial aneurysms were induced by a combination of deoxycorticosterone-salt induced hypertension and a single-dose elastase injection into cerebrospinal fluid in mice. Results- Exposure to nicotine or an α7*-nAChR-selective agonist significantly increased aneurysm rupture rate. Coexposure to an α7*-nAChR antagonist abolished nicotine's deleterious effect. In addition, nicotine's promotion of aneurysm rupture was absent in smooth muscle cell-specific α7*-nAChR subunit knockout mice but not in mice lacking α7*-nAChR on endothelial cells or macrophages. Nicotine treatment increased the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and inflammatory cytokines. α7*-nAChR antagonist reversed nicotine-induced upregulation of these growth factors and cytokines. Conclusions- Our findings indicate that nicotine exposure promotes aneurysmal rupture through actions on vascular smooth muscle cell α7*-nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Kamio
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Neurobiology (T.M., T.K., D.K., R.J.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tetsuro Kimura
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Neurobiology (T.M., T.K., D.K., R.J.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kazuha Mitsui
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (K.M., H.F., D.Z., K.Y., M.K.)
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (K.M., H.F., D.Z., K.Y., M.K.)
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (K.M., H.F., D.Z., K.Y., M.K.)
| | - Kimihiko Yokosuka
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (K.M., H.F., D.Z., K.Y., M.K.)
| | - Masaaki Korai
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (K.M., H.F., D.Z., K.Y., M.K.)
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Neurobiology (T.M., T.K., D.K., R.J.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Neurobiology (T.M., T.K., D.K., R.J.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael T Lawton
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Neurobiology (T.M., T.K., D.K., R.J.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.,Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center (Y.K., T.M., T.K., D.K., M.T.L., T.H.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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31
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Shin YW, Park KI, Moon J, Lee ST, Chu K, Lee SK, Roh JK, Jung KH. Association of Bone Mineral Density With the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:179-186. [PMID: 29049519 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Disruption of extracellular matrix integrity is critically involved in both intracranial aneurysm and bone fragility. Furthermore, both intracranial aneurysm and osteoporosis have a female predominance, and sex hormones are considered to affect this discrepancy. Objective To evaluate the association between bone mineral density and intracranial aneurysm. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study conducted with 14 328 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance angiography and bone mineral densitometry as a part of a health examination at a specialized center for comprehensive health examination in Seoul, the largest metropolitan area in the Republic of Korea, between December 2004 and November 2015. After excluding patients with insufficient clinical information (n = 1102) and with ambiguous intracranial arterial lesion (n = 441), 12 785 were included in the analysis. Exposures Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L4), femur neck, and total hip using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcomes and Measures Multiple logistic regression or linear regression was used to examine the association between tertiles of bone mineral density and the presence, size, and multiplicity of intracranial aneurysms. In secondary analyses, we analyzed postmenopausal women and men 50 years and older (n = 8722) because they are particularly at risk of decreased bone mineral density. Results Among 12 785 patients in the study (7242 women [56.6%]; mean [SD] age, 54.8 [10.1] years) intracranial aneurysms were found in 472 patients (3.7%). Lower bone mineral density was associated with an increased risk of harboring intracranial aneurysm. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, odds ratios for the highest compared with the lowest bone mineral density tertile were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.03-1.64) in the lumbar spine, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.03-1.64) in the femoral neck, and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.01-1.60) in the total hip after adjusting for age, sex, and vascular risk factors. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors, the lowest tertile of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine was associated with an increased log-transformed size of aneurysm (β, 0.196; SE, 0.047). In secondary analyses, these associations were more definite and a low T score (<-1 SD) was additionally associated with multiple aneurysms (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.05-3.30) after adjusting for age, sex, and vascular risk factors. Conclusions and Relevance Bone mineral density may be associated with the presence, size, and multiplicity of intracranial aneurysm. The study findings provide evidence for shared pathophysiology between intracranial aneurysm and bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yeongjusi Health Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Roh
- Department of Neurology, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Rehman S, Sahle BW, Chandra RV, Dwyer M, Thrift AG, Callisaya M, Breslin M, Phan HT, Otahal P, Gall S. Sex differences in risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2019; 406:116446. [PMID: 31521957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) disproportionally affects women. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore sex differences in aSAH risk factors. METHODS Case-control/cohort studies were searched to November 2017 with sex-specific risk factors for aSAH. Meta-analysis was performed when a risk factor was reported in ≥2 studies. RESULTS Of 31 studies, 22 were eligible for meta-analysis. Female sex was associated with greater odds of aSAH (HRadjusted 1.90 [1.47-2.46]. There was no detectable difference between the sexes for hypertension (ORadjusted: men 3.13 [2.26-4.34]; women 3.65 [2.87-4.63], p = .18), smoking (ORadjusted: men 2.96 [1.68-5.21]; women 3.11 [1.21-7.97], p = .95), aSAH family history, systolic blood pressure, age and some genetic variations. Alcohol (ORadjusted: men 1.50 [1.04-2.17]; women 0.83 [0.48-1.45], p = .003), high alanine aminotransferase levels, and some gene variants increased the risk of aSAH in men. Reproductive factors, divorce and some genetic variations increased the risk in women. High aspartate aminotransferase levels in men and, diabetes (ORadjusted: men 0.57 [0.32-1.01]; women 0.24 [0.13-0.43], p = .01) and parity in women reduced aSAH risk. CONCLUSION We recommend sex-specific re-analysis of existing studies of aSAH risk factors. Known aSAH risk factors (hypertension, smoking and alcohol consumption) should be targeted to prevent aSAH in men and women. Registration PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018091521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Rehman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Berhe W Sahle
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Mitchell Dwyer
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | - Michele Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Monique Breslin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Hoang T Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; National Heart Foundation, Australia.
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Sheinberg DL, McCarthy DJ, Elwardany O, Bryant JP, Luther E, Chen SH, Thompson JW, Starke RM. Endothelial dysfunction in cerebral aneurysms. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 47:E3. [PMID: 31389675 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.focus19221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is known to contribute to cerebral aneurysm (CA) pathogenesis. Evidence shows that damage or injury to the EC layer is the first event in CA formation. The mechanisms behind EC dysfunction in CA disease are interrelated and include hemodynamic stress, hazardous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, oxidative stress, estrogen imbalance, and endothelial cell-to-cell junction compromise. Abnormal variations in hemodynamic stress incite pathological EC transformation and inflammatory zone formation, ultimately leading to destruction of the vascular wall and aneurysm dilation. Hemodynamic stress activates key molecular pathways that result in the upregulation of chemotactic cytokines and adhesion molecules, leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and infiltration. Concurrently, oxidative stress damages EC-to-EC junction proteins, resulting in interendothelial gap formation. This further promotes leukocyte traffic into the vessel wall and the release of matrix metalloproteinases, which propagates vascular remodeling and breakdown. Abnormal hemodynamic stress and inflammation also trigger adverse changes in NOS activity, altering proper EC mediation of vascular tone and the local inflammatory environment. Additionally, the vasoprotective hormone estrogen modulates gene expression that often suppresses these harmful processes. Crosstalk between these sophisticated pathways contributes to CA initiation, progression, and rupture. This review aims to outline the complex mechanisms of EC dysfunction in CA pathogenesis.
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Cho BH, Kim JH, Suh SH, Baik SJ, Lee HS, Kim J, Lee KY. Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms According to Levels of Coronary Artery Calcium. Stroke 2019; 50:1403-1408. [PMID: 31084330 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.024726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Several vascular risk factors are known to be associated with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Coronary artery calcium (CAC), which reflects the atherosclerotic burden of the coronary arteries, is a known predictor of cardiovascular events and stroke. We investigated the relationship between IA and CAC. Methods- We retrospectively enrolled Korean subjects at a single university hospital who had both brain magnetic resonance angiography and cardiac computed tomography as part of health examinations from January 2010 to July 2017. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to CAC score as assessed by cardiac computed tomography: zero (0), low (1-99), intermediate (100-399), or high (≥400). Then, the prevalence of IA in each CAC score group was assessed. We also performed subgroup analysis by age, sex, and location of IA. Results- A total of 4934 subjects (mean age, 54.1±9.8 years; %women, 42.2%) were included for analysis. IAs were detected in 258 subjects (5.23%). The prevalence of IA significantly increased as the CAC score increased (4.8%, 5.4%, 6.4%, and 11.1%, respectively; P for trend, 0.004). In subjects over the age of 50 years, this correlation was more prominent in women than in men (7.1% versus 3.7%, 8.8% versus 4.4%, 8.6% versus 6.3%, and 21.1% versus 10.0%, respectively). Subgroup analysis for the aneurysm location showed that nonbifurcation aneurysm was associated with a high CAC score but bifurcation aneurysm was not. Multivariate logistic regression showed high CAC score was an independent risk factor for the presence of IA compared with zero CAC score (adjusted odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.18-3.95). Conclusions- A high CAC score was associated with the presence of IA. This relationship was more prominent in females and nonbifurcation aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hoon Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.-H.C., J.H.K., J.K., K.-Y.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (B.-H.C.)
| | - Ji Hwa Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.-H.C., J.H.K., J.K., K.-Y.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital (S.H.S.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jung Baik
- Healthcare Research Team, Health Promotion Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital (S.J.B.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit (H.S.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.-H.C., J.H.K., J.K., K.-Y.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yul Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.-H.C., J.H.K., J.K., K.-Y.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research (K.-Y.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Shimizu K, Kushamae M, Mizutani T, Aoki T. Intracranial Aneurysm as a Macrophage-mediated Inflammatory Disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2019; 59:126-132. [PMID: 30867357 PMCID: PMC6465529 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.st.2018-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is mainly attributable to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Although the outcome of SAH is considerably poor in spite of the recent intensive medical care, mechanisms regulating the progression of IAs or triggering rupture remain to be clarified, making the development of effective preemptive medicine to prevent SAH difficult. However, a series of recent studies have been expanding our understanding of the pathogenesis of IAs. These studies have suggested the crucial role of macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of IAs. In histopathological analyses of IA lesions in humans and induced in animal models, the number of macrophages infiltrating in lesions is positively correlated with enlargement or rupture of IAs. In animal models, a genetic deletion or an inhibition of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, a major chemoattractant for macrophages, or a pharmacological depletion of macrophages consistently suppresses the development and progression of IAs. Furthermore, a macrophage-specific deletion of Ptger2 (gene for prostaglandin E receptor subtype 2) or a macrophage-specific expression of a mutated form of IκBα which inhibits nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB significantly suppress the development of IAs, supporting the role of macrophages and the inflammatory signaling functioning there in the pathogenesis of IAs. The development of drug therapies suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses in situ can thus be a potential strategy in the pre-emptive medicine targeting SAH. In this manuscript, we summarize the experimental evidences about the pathogenesis of IAs focused on inflammatory responses and propose the definition of IAs as a macrophage-mediated inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kampei Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mika Kushamae
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.,Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Mizutani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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36
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Gruszka W, Zbroszczyk M, Komenda J, Gruszczyńska K, Baron J. The role of inflammation and potential pharmacological therapy in intracranial aneurysms. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:662-669. [PMID: 30190209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms remain important clinical concern. There is relatively low risk of rupture of symptomless aneurysms incidentally found in MRA or CTA performed due to other indications. Not all of the intracranial aneurysms should or can be treated with neurosurgery intervention or endovascular embolization. Clinical strategy for small, symptomless, unruptured aneurysms is still questionable. Mechanisms underlying aneurysms formation, progression and rupture are poorly understood. Inflammation is one of the factors suspected to participate in these processes. Therefore the aim of this manuscript is to present current state of knowledge about the role of inflammation in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms and in their rupture process. Current knowledge about possible pharmacological treatment of intracranial aneurysms will also be presented. Macrophages infiltration seems to participate in the formation of intracranial aneurysms. Inhibition of signals sent by macrophages may prevent the aneurysms formation. Inflammation present in the wall of the aneurysm seems to be also related to the aneurysm's rupture risk. However it does not seem to be the only cause of the degeneration, but it can be a possible target of drug therapy. Some preliminary studies in humans indicate the potential role of aspirin as a factor that decrease the level of inflammation and lower the risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However further research including a greater number of subjects and a prospective randomized design are necessary to assess the role of aspirin in preventing strategy for small, symptomless, unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Gruszka
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Zbroszczyk
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Komenda
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gruszczyńska
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Baron
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Nagahiro S, Tada Y, Satomi J, Kinouchi T, Kuwayama K, Yagi K, Nakajima K, Matsushita N, Miyamoto T, Yamaguchi T, Shimada K, Korai M, Mure H, Okayama Y, Abe T, Harada M, Kitazato KT, Kanematsu Y. Treatment of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker Eplerenone—Pilot Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2134-2140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Barrow JW, Turan N, Wangmo P, Roy AK, Pradilla G. The role of inflammation and potential use of sex steroids in intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 30105144 PMCID: PMC6080146 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_88_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continues to be a devastating neurological condition with a high risk of associated morbidity and mortality. Inflammation has been shown to increase the risk of complications associated with aSAH such as vasospasm and brain injury in animal models and humans. The goal of this review is to discuss the inflammatory mechanisms of aneurysm formation, rupture and vasospasm and explore the role of sex hormones in the inflammatory response to aSAH. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed using the following search terms: "intracranial aneurysm," "cerebral aneurysm," "dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate" "estrogen," "hormone replacement therapy," "inflammation," "oral contraceptive," "progesterone," "sex steroids," "sex hormones" "subarachnoid hemorrhage," "testosterone." Only studies published in English language were included in the review. Results Studies have shown that administration of sex hormones such as progesterone and estrogen at early stages in the inflammatory cascade can lower the risk and magnitude of subsequent complications. The exact mechanism by which these hormones act on the brain, as well as their role in the inflammatory cascade is not fully understood. Moreover, conflicting results have been published on the effect of hormone replacement therapy in humans. This review will scrutinize the variations in these studies to provide a more detailed understanding of sex hormones as potential therapeutic agents for intracranial aneurysms and aSAH. Conclusion Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and administration of sex hormones as anti-inflammatory agents has been associated with improved functional outcome in experimental models. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic role of these hormones in the intracranial aneurysms and aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Barrow
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Nefize Turan
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pasang Wangmo
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anil K Roy
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Darkwah Oppong M, Iannaccone A, Gembruch O, Pierscianek D, Chihi M, Dammann P, Köninger A, Müller O, Forsting M, Sure U, Jabbarli R. Vasospasm-related complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the role of patients' age and sex. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:1393-1400. [PMID: 29704122 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) depends strongly on occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm (SV) leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Various demographic, radiographic, and clinical predictors of SV have been reported so far, partially with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of patients' age and sex on SV/DCI risk, especially to identify age and sex-specific risk groups. METHODS All patients admitted with acute SAH during a 14-year-period ending in 2016 were eligible for this study. The study endpoints were the following: SV requiring spasmolysis, occurrence of DCI in follow-up computed tomography scans and unfavorable outcome at 6 months (modified Rankin scale > 2). RESULTS Nine hundred ninety-four patients were included in this study. The majority was female (666; 67%). SV, DCI, and unfavorable outcomes were observed in 21.5, 21.8, and 43.6% of the patients, respectively. Younger age (p < 0.001; OR = 1.03 per year decrease) and female sex (p = 0.025; OR = 1.510) were confirmed as independent predictors of SV. Regarding the sex differences, there were three age groups for SV/DCI risk ≤ 54, 55-74, and ≥ 75 years. Male patients showed earlier decrease in SV risk (at ≥ 55 vs. ≥ 75 years in females). Therefore, SAH females aged between 55 and 74 years were at the highest risk for DCI and unfavorable outcome, as compared to younger/older females (p = 0.001, OR = 1.77/p = 0.001, OR = 1.80). In contrast, their male counterparts did not show these risk alterations (p = 0.445/p = 0.822). CONCLUSION After acute SAH, female and male patients seem to show different age patterns for the risk of SV and DCI. Females aged between 55 and 74 years are at particular risk of vasospasm-related SAH complications, possibly due to onset of menopause. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS, Unique identifier: DRKS00008749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Darkwah Oppong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Antonella Iannaccone
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gembruch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Pierscianek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Chihi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Hoh BL, Rojas K, Lin L, Fazal HZ, Hourani S, Nowicki KW, Schneider MB, Hosaka K. Estrogen Deficiency Promotes Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture by Upregulation of Th17 Cells and Interleukin-17A Which Downregulates E-Cadherin. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008863. [PMID: 29654199 PMCID: PMC6015422 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency is associated with the development of cerebral aneurysms; however, the mechanism remains unknown. We explored the pathway of cerebral aneurysm development by investigating the potential link between estrogen deficiency and inflammatory factors. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we established the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17)A. We performed a cytokine screen demonstrating that IL-17A is significantly expressed in mouse and human aneurysms (P=0.03). Likewise, IL-17A inhibition was shown to prevent aneurysm formation by 42% (P=0.02) and rupture by 34% (P<0.05). Second, we found that estrogen deficiency upregulates T helper 17 cells and IL-17A and promotes aneurysm rupture. Estrogen-deficient mice had more ruptures than control mice (47% versus 7%; P=0.04). Estradiol supplementation or IL-17A inhibition decreased the number of ruptures in estrogen-deficient mice (estradiol 6% versus 37%; P=0.04; IL-17A inhibition 18% versus 47%; P=0.018). Third, we found that IL-17A-blockade protects against aneurysm formation and rupture by increased E-cadherin expression. IL-17-inhibited mice had increased E-cadherin expression (P=0.003). E-cadherin inhibition reversed the protective effect of IL-17A inhibition and increased the rate of aneurysm formation (65% versus 28%; P=0.04) and rupture (12% versus 0%; P=0.22). However, E-cadherin inhibition alone does not significantly increase aneurysm formation in normal mice or in estrogen-deficient mice. In cell migration assays, E-cadherin inhibition promoted macrophage infiltration across endothelial cells (P<0.05), which may be the mechanism for the estrogen deficiency/IL-17/E-cadherin aneurysm pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that estrogen deficiency promotes cerebral aneurysm rupture by upregulating IL-17A, which downregulates E-cadherin, encouraging macrophage infiltration in the aneurysm vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelley Rojas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Hanain Z Fazal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Siham Hourani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kamil W Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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41
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Boczar KE, Coutinho T. Sex Considerations in Aneurysm Formation, Progression, and Outcomes. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:362-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Maekawa H, Tada Y, Yagi K, Miyamoto T, Kitazato KT, Korai M, Satomi J, Hashimoto T, Nagahiro S. Bazedoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, reduces cerebral aneurysm rupture in Ovariectomized rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:197. [PMID: 28969701 PMCID: PMC5625708 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen deficiency is thought to be responsible for the higher frequency of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in post- than premenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy appears to reduce this risk but is associated with significant side effects. We tested our hypothesis that bazedoxifene, a clinically used selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator with fewer estrogenic side effects, reduces cerebral aneurysm rupture in a new model of ovariectomized rats. Methods Ten-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ovariectomy, hemodynamic changes, and hypertension to induce aneurysms (ovariectomized aneurysm rats) and treated with vehicle or with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day bazedoxifene. They were compared with sham-ovariectomized rats subjected to hypertension and hemodynamic changes (HT rats). The vasoprotective effects of bazedoxifene and the mechanisms underlying its efficacy were analyzed. Results During 12 weeks of observation, the incidence of aneurysm rupture was 52% in ovariectomized rats. With no effect on the blood pressure, treatment with 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day bazedoxifene lowered this rate to 11 and 17%, almost the same as in HT rats (17%). In ovariectomized rats, the mRNA level of ERα, ERβ, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was downregulated in the cerebral artery prone to rupture at 5 weeks after aneurysm induction; the mRNA level of interleukin-1β and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 was upregulated. In HT rats, bazedoxifene restored the mRNA level of ERα and ERβ and decreased the level of interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9. These findings suggest that bazedoxifene was protective against aneurysmal rupture by alleviating the vascular inflammation and degradation exacerbated by the decrease in ERα and ERβ. Conclusions Our observation that bazedoxifene decreased the incidence of aneurysmal rupture in ovariectomized rats warrants further studies to validate this response in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-0966-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Maekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Tada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenji Yagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Keiko T Kitazato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Satomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, SFGH 1, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Shinji Nagahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Boese AC, Kim SC, Yin KJ, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in women being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as men. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. The National Institutes of Health have enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the various research levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ system). Greater understanding of these sex differences will be used to steer future directions in the biomedical sciences and translational and clinical research. This review describes sex-based differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature, with a special emphasis on sex steroid receptor (estrogen and androgen receptor) signaling and their potential impact on vascular function in health and diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms, and stroke).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Seong C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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Maekawa H, Serrone JC, Tjahjadi M, Hernesniemi J. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of estrogen on the pathology of cerebral aneurysms. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:927-35. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1189827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Wáng YXJ, He J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao L, Liu H, Yang L, Zeng XJ, Yang J, Peng GM, Ahuja A, Yang ZH. A higher aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage incidence in women prior to menopause: a retrospective analysis of 4,895 cases from eight hospitals in China. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:151-6. [PMID: 27190767 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a devastating disease. Despite the risk factors, including hypertension, cigarette smoking and alcohol use, are more common in men, aneurysmal SAH belongs to a few diseases which the incidence is higher in women than in men. Sex hormones, especially estrogen, might be protective against this condition. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) seems to be associated with a reduced risk for aneurysmal SAH. This study aims to know the prevalence of aneurysmal SAH of men and women at different ages. METHODS The age and gender information of 4,895 case of aneurysmal SAH (3,016 females, 1,879 males) were collected retrospectively from eight institutions in mainland China. The prevalence of aneurysmal SAH of men and women at different ages was analyzed. RESULTS The data showed women had a higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH than men starting at late thirties, and men might have a higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH than women only before 37-year-old. CONCLUSIONS Menopause may not be the only dominant factor causing higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian He
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao Li
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Heng Liu
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Yang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian Jun Zeng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Yang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guang Ming Peng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Anil Ahuja
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng Han Yang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China ; 5 Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China ; 6 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China ; 7 Department of Radiology, North Sichuan Medical College Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China ; 8 Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 9 Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China ; 10 Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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46
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Abstract
Most of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) are incidentally discovered without any neurological symptoms and the risk of rupture of CAs is relatively higher in Japanese population. The goal of treatments for patients with CAs is complete exclusion of the aneurysmal rupture risk for their lives. Since two currently available major treatments, microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling, have inherent incompleteness to achieve cure of CAs with some considerable treatment risks, and there is no effective surgical or medical intervention to inhibit the formation of CAs in patients with ruptured and unruptured CAs, new treatment strategies with lower risk and higher efficacy should be developed to prevent the formation, growth, and rupture of CAs. Preemptive medicine for CAs should be designed to prevent or delay the onset of symptoms from CAs found in an asymptomatic state or inhibit the de novo formation of CAs, but we have no definite methods to distinguish rupture-prone aneurysms from rupture-resistant ones. Recent advancements in the research of CAs have provided us with some clues, and one of the new treatment strategies for CAs will be developed based on the findings that several inflammatory pathways may be involved in the formation, growth, and rupture of CAs. Preemptive medicine for CAs will be established with specific biomarkers and imaging modalities which can sensor the development of CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Aoki
- Innovation Center for Immunoregulation Technologies and Drugs, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
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47
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Turan N, Heider RAJ, Zaharieva D, Ahmad FU, Barrow DL, Pradilla G. Sex Differences in the Formation of Intracranial Aneurysms and Incidence and Outcome of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of Experimental and Human Studies. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 7:12-9. [PMID: 26573918 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are defined as pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries and rupture of intracranial aneurysms leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal of this review was to outline the sex differences in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms as well as sex-related differences in incidence and outcome of SAH. The literature review was performed using PubMed with a combination of these search terms: "subarachnoid hemorrhage," "incidence," "outcome," "sex," "gender," "male," "female," "experimental," "mice," and "rats." Studies written in English were used. Female sex is thought to be a risk factor for aneurysm formation, especially in postmenopausal age populations, suggesting the potential protective involvement of sex steroids. Female sex is also considered a risk factor for SAH occurrence. Although incidence and mortality are confirmed to be higher in females in most studies, they elucidated no clear differences in the functional outcome among SAH survivors. The effect of gender on the pathophysiology of SAH is not very well understood; nevertheless, the majority of pre-clinical studies suggest a beneficial effect of sex steroids in experimental SAH. Moreover, conflicting results exist on the role and effect of hormone replacement therapies and oral contraceptive pills on the incidence and outcome of human SAH. Sex differences exist in the formation of aneurysms as well as the incidence and mortality of SAH. Potential therapeutic effects of sex steroids have been replicated in many animal studies, but their potential use in the treatment of acute SAH in human populations needs more future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefize Turan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert Allen-James Heider
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dobromira Zaharieva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Faiz U Ahmad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel L Barrow
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Suite B6166, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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48
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Relationship between Postmenopausal Estrogen Deficiency and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:720141. [PMID: 26538819 PMCID: PMC4619901 DOI: 10.1155/2015/720141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most severe forms of stroke, which results from the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. SAH is the only type of stroke with a female predominance, suggesting that reproductive factors may play a significant role in the etiology. Estrogen has important effects on vascular physiology and pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysm and SAH and, thus, potential therapeutic implications. There have been growing bodies of epidemiological and experimental studies which support the hypothesis of a significant relationship between estrogen deficiency and cerebral aneurysm formation with subsequent SAH. This hypothesis is the focus of this review as well as possible pathology-based therapeutics with regard to aspects of molecular pathophysiology, especially related to women's health.
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