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Zhang Y, Zhao P, Chen X, Xu C, Guo J, Qu X, Hu X, Gao H, Huang P, Zhang J. Near Infrared-Activatable Methylene Blue Polypeptide Codelivery of the NO Prodrug via π-π Stacking for Cascade Reactive Oxygen Species Amplification-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12750-12765. [PMID: 36852940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted remarkable interest in cancer treatment because of the advantages of noninvasiveness and spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the PDT efficiency is considerably limited by photosensitizer (PS) quenching and severe hypoxia in solid tumors. Herein, a kind of near infrared (NIR)-activatable methylene blue (MB) peptide nanocarrier was developed for codelivery of nitric oxide (NO) prodrug JSK, expecting a cascade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification-mediated antitumor PDT. In detail, MB was conjugated to water-soluble polyethylene glycol-polylysine (PEG-PLL) through NIR-photocleavable 10-N-carbamoyl bonds, and the subsequent amphiphilic conjugates (mPEG-PLL-MB) self-assembled into nanoparticles (NPs), which allowed JSK codelivery via π-π stacking interactions. MB in quenched state in mPEG-PLL-MB/JSK NPs could be photoactivated by NIR light locoregionally in a controlled manner due to the photocleavage of carbamoyl bonds. Apart from ROS production, assembly disturbance and even disintegration of mPEG-PLL-MB/JSK occurred along with MB activation that subsequently freed JSK, which was further triggered by intracellularly overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) to sustain the release of NO. NO then served as a hypoxia relief agent through inhibition of cellular respiration to economize O2, cooperating with MB activation and GSH depletion, which synergistically enabled a cascade of ROS amplification to augment PDT for mitochondrial apoptosis-mediated tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this pioneering strategy of cascade amplification of ROS addressed the key issues of PS inactivation, hypoxia resistance, and ROS neutralization in a three-pronged approach, which hold great promise in efficient antitumor PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaoai Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jimin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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Kashfi K. Fifty Years of Diazeniumdiolate Research: A Tribute to Dr. Larry K. Keefer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:47-55. [PMID: 37824386 PMCID: PMC11076142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering studies of Dr. Larry Keefer and colleagues with diazeniumdiolates or NONOates as a platform have unraveled the chemical biology of many nitric oxides and have led to the design of a variety of promising therapeutic agents in oncology, gastroenterology, antimicrobials, wound healing, and the like. This dedication to Dr. Larry Keefer briefly highlights some of his studies using the diazeniumdiolate platform in the cancer arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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Shami PJ. Development of JS-K, a First-in-Class Arylated Diazeniumdiolate, for the Treatment of Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:57-62. [PMID: 37824387 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Shami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Suite 2100, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Xu L, Wu X, Liu H, Dong G, Zhan J, Li G, Wang G, Liu T. Effects of combination docetaxel with NO treatment to enhance the anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 178:106281. [PMID: 35995348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the major causes of death in Southern China. Due to the insidious location of NPC, the therapeutic effect of locoregionally advanced NPC is still unsatisfactory. In this work, to improve the treatment efficiency, combining DOC and JS-K to inhibit NPC cells (HNE-1) in vitro was investigated, as well as its possible mechanisms. Moreover, the in vivo effects of DOC and JS-K combination treatment were also evaluated in a xenograft model with HNE-1 cells. In vitro experiments including cell proliferation, migration ability, apoptosis, and expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins revealed that the combination of DOC and JS-K was able to enhance antitumor effects. In vivo results further confirmed a significant treatment effect without obvious toxicity on mice. The present work provides a promising idea for the treatment of locally advanced NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xidong Wu
- Department of Drug Safety Evaluation, Jiangxi Testing Center of Medical Instruments, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Guangyuan Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiandong Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanxue Li
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Guanhai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Russell TM, Richardson DR. Glutathione-S-Transferases as Potential Targets for Modulation of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091292. [PMID: 36139130 PMCID: PMC9496536 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are highly promiscuous in terms of their interactions with multiple proteins, leading to various functions. In addition to their classical detoxification roles with multi-drug resistance-related protein-1 (MRP1), more recent studies have indicated the role of GSTs in cellular nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Vasodilation is classically induced by NO through its interaction with soluble guanylate cyclase. The ability of GSTs to biotransform organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin for NO generation can markedly modulate vasodilation, with this effect being prevented by specific GST inhibitors. Recently, other structurally distinct pro-drugs that generate NO via GST-mediated catalysis have been developed as anti-cancer agents and also indicate the potential of GSTs as suitable targets for pharmaceutical development. Further studies investigating GST biochemistry could enhance our understanding of NO metabolism and lead to the generation of novel and innovative vasodilators for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Russell
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-7549
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Liang J, Li T, Zhao J, Wang C, Sun H. Current understanding of the human microbiome in glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781741. [PMID: 36003766 PMCID: PMC9393498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the human microbiome is highly associated with a wide variety of central nervous system diseases. However, the link between the human microbiome and glioma is rarely noticed. The exact mechanism of microbiota to affect glioma remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microbiome may affect the development, progress, and therapy of gliomas, including the direct impacts of the intratumoral microbiome and its metabolites, and the indirect effects of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Glioma-related microbiome (gut microbiome and intratumoral microbiome) is associated with both tumor microenvironment and tumor immune microenvironment, which ultimately influence tumorigenesis, progression, and responses to treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge regarding the role of the glioma-related microbiome, focusing on its gut microbiome fraction and a brief description of the intratumoral microbiome, and put forward the prospects in which microbiome can be applied in the future and some challenges still need to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Liang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Sun,
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Guo QL, Dai XL, Yin MY, Cheng HW, Qian HS, Wang H, Zhu DM, Wang XW. Nanosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: current progress and future perspectives. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35676737 PMCID: PMC9178901 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Its characteristics of being highly invasive and undergoing heterogeneous genetic mutation, as well as the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have reduced the efficacy of GBM treatment. The emergence of a novel therapeutic method, namely, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), provides a promising strategy for eradicating tumors via activated sonosensitizers coupled with low-intensity ultrasound. SDT can provide tumor killing effects for deep-seated tumors, such as brain tumors. However, conventional sonosensitizers cannot effectively reach the tumor region and kill additional tumor cells, especially brain tumor cells. Efforts should be made to develop a method to help therapeutic agents pass through the BBB and accumulate in brain tumors. With the development of novel multifunctional nanosensitizers and newly emerging combination strategies, the killing ability and selectivity of SDT have greatly improved and are accompanied with fewer side effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the findings of previous studies on SDT for GBM, with a focus on recent developments and promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xing-Liang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hai-Sheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dao-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xian-Wen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Liu L, Xu J, Zhai Z, Cao M, Huang Z, Xing Y, Chen J. O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diazeniumdiolate derivative induces G2/M arrest via PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1330-1339. [PMID: 34190329 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate whether G2/M arrest caused by O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diazeniumdiolate derivative (JS-K) was related to PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS The cell apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining. The cell cycle was analysed by PI staining. The expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, PTEN and PI3K/AKT pathway were measured by Western blot. The rat model of primary hepatic carcinoma was established with diethylnitrosamine to verify the antitumour effects of JS-K. KEY FINDINGS The morphological features of apoptosis were obviously reversed when the cells were pre-treated with bpv(pic), followed by treatment with JS-K. JS-K mediated G2/M arrest and down-regulated expressions of cyclin B1. Meanwhile, it up-regulated the expression of p-Cdk1, p-Chk2 and p-CDC25C while down-regulated that of Cdk1 and CDC25C. Furthermore, JS-K also enhanced the expressions of p21 and p27, PTEN and p53 while decreased the expressions of p-PTEN, PI3K and p-AKT. However, bpv(pic) and Carboxy-PTIO could reverse JS-K-induced G2/M cell arrest and PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The same results were also testified in the rat model of primary hepatic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS JS-K caused G2/M arrest through PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway involving Chk2/CDC25C/Cdk1 checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ziyu Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zile Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yihao Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Liu Y, Wang X, Li J, Tang J, Li B, Zhang Y, Gu N, Yang F. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Liposomes for Targeted Nitric Oxide Delivery to Mediate Anticancer Effects against Brain Glioma Tumors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101701. [PMID: 34106489 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Specifically targeting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) blood vessels and actively enhancing the permeability of the brain-blood-tumor barrier (BBTB) are two extremely difficult challenges currently hindering the development of effective therapies against GBM. Herein, a liposome drug delivery system (S1P/JS-K/Lipo) is described, which delivers the nitric oxide (NO) prodrug JS-K, O2 -(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, to GBM tumors using sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-signaling molecules as active targeting lipid ligands. It is revealed that S1P/JS-K/Lipo actively penetrates the BBTB, aided by caveolin-1-mediated transcytosis, and it is demonstrated that the system specifically interacts with S1P receptors (S1PRs), which are highly expressed on GBM cells. Nondestructive ultrasound imaging in GBM mouse models is also utilized to observe microsized NO bubble production from JS-K, as catalyzed by the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) resident in GBM cells. Given that these NO bubbles strongly promote GBM cell death in vivo, the S1PR-targeted liposome delivery system-which successfully achieves BBTB penetration and tumor targeted delivery of a complex multicomponent drug regimen-represents a promising approach for targeted therapies against GBM and other carcinomas characterized by elevated S1PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 201196, P. R. China
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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Li D, Tian Y, Hu Y, Qi Y, Tian N, Li S, Hu P, Wu F, Wei Q, Wei Z, Wang S, Yin B, Jiang T, Yuan J, Qiang B, Han W, Peng X. Glioma-associated human endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles specifically promote the tumourigenicity of glioma stem cells via CD9. Oncogene 2019; 38:6898-6912. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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JS-K, a nitric oxide donor, induces autophagy as a complementary mechanism inhibiting ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:645. [PMID: 31262254 PMCID: PMC6604176 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most frequent gynecological cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis because OC progression is often asymptoma-tic and is detected at a late stage. There remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. As a nitric oxide prodrug, JS-K is reported highly cytotoxic to human cancer cells such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and breast cancer. This study is aim to investigate the influence of JS-K on proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and explored possible autophagy-related mechanisms, which will contribute to future ovarian cancer therapy and supply theory support that JS-K holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent against ovarian cancer. Methods The cytotoxicity, extracellular ROS/RNS activity and apoptotic effect of JS-K and indicated inhibitors on ovarian cancer cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT assay, extracellular ROS/RNS assay, caspases activities assay and western blot. Further autophagy effect of JS-K and indicated inhibitors were examined by MTT assay, cell transfection, immunofluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and western blot on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, the BALB/c-nude female mice with SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells xenograft were used to examine the efficacy of JS-K treatment on tumor growth. PCNA and p62 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results In vitro, JS-K inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, induced apoptosis and cell nucleus shrinkage, enhanced the enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7/8/9, and significantly increased the production of ROS/RNS in ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells, these effects were attenuated by inhibition of NAC. In addition, JS-K induced autophagy-related proteins and autophagosomes changes in ovarian cancer A2780 and SKOV3 cells. In vivo, JS-K inhibited tumor growth, decreased p62 protein expression and increased the expression levels of PCNA in xenograft models which were established using SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion Taken together, we demonstrated that ROS/RNS stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy are mechanisms by which SKOV3 cells undergo cell death after treatment with JS-K in vitro. Moreover, JS-K inhibited SKOV3 tumor growth in vivo. An alternative therapeutic approach for triggering cell death in cancer cells could constitute a useful multimodal therapies for treating ovarian cancer, which is known for its resistance to apoptosis-inducing drugs.
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Gaseous signaling molecules and their application in resistant cancer treatment: from invisible to visible. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:323-336. [PMID: 30802141 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer remains a critical obstacle for efficient chemotherapy. Many MDR reversal agents have been discovered but failed in clinical trials due to severe toxic effects. Gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs), such as oxygen, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, play key roles in regulating cell biological function and MDR. Compared with other toxic chemosensitizing agents, GSMs are endogenous and biocompatible molecules with little side effects. Research show that GSM modulators, including pharmaceutical formulations of GSMs (combined with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs) and GSM-donors (small molecules with GSMs releasing property), can overcome or reverse MDR. This review discusses the roles of these four GSMs in modulating MDR, and summarizes GSMs modulators in treating cancers with drug resistance.
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Zhao X, Cai A, Peng Z, Liang W, Xi H, Li P, Chen G, Yu J, Chen L. JS-K induces reactive oxygen species-dependent anti-cancer effects by targeting mitochondria respiratory chain complexes in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2489-2504. [PMID: 30672108 PMCID: PMC6433691 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrug, JS‐K inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces the differentiation of human leukaemia cells, and triggers apoptotic cell death in various cancer models. However, the anti‐cancer effect of JS‐K in gastric cancer has not been reported. In this study, we found that JS‐K inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and triggered mitochondrial apoptosis. Moreover, JS‐K induced a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the clearance of ROS by antioxidant reagents reversed JS‐K‐induced toxicity in gastric cancer cells and subcutaneous xenografts. Although JS‐K triggered significant NO release, NO scavenging had no effect on JS‐K‐induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, ROS, but not NO, mediated the anti‐cancer effects of JS‐K in gastric cancer. We also explored the potential mechanism of JS‐K‐induced ROS accumulation and found that JS‐K significantly down‐regulated the core proteins of mitochondria respiratory chain (MRC) complex I and IV, resulting in the reduction of MRC complex I and IV activity and the subsequent ROS production. Moreover, JS‐K inhibited the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including copper‐zinc‐containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase, which contributed to the decrease of antioxidant enzymes activity and the subsequent inhibition of ROS clearance. Therefore, JS‐K may target MRC complex I and IV and antioxidant enzymes to exert ROS‐dependent anti‐cancer function, leading to the potential usage of JS‐K in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aizhen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Yu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Dong SC, Sha HH, Xu XY, Hu TM, Lou R, Li H, Wu JZ, Dan C, Feng J. Glutathione S-transferase π: a potential role in antitumor therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3535-3547. [PMID: 30425455 PMCID: PMC6204874 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTπ) is a Phase II metabolic enzyme that is an important facilitator of cellular detoxification. Traditional dogma asserts that GSTπ functions to catalyze glutathione (GSH)-substrate conjunction to preserve the macromolecule upon exposure to oxidative stress, thus defending cells against various toxic compounds. Over the past 20 years, abnormal GSTπ expression has been linked to the occurrence of tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs, demonstrating that this enzyme possesses functions beyond metabolism. This revelation reveals exciting possibilities in the realm of drug discovery, as GSTπ inhibitors and its prodrugs offer a feasible strategy in designing anticancer drugs with the primary purpose of reversing tumor resistance. In connection with the authors' current research, we provide a review on the biological function of GSTπ and current developments in GSTπ-targeting drugs, as well as the prospects of future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Dong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Yue Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Tian-Mu Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rui Lou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huizi Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Chen Dan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
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16
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Heckler M, Osterberg N, Guenzle J, Thiede-Stan NK, Reichardt W, Weidensteiner C, Saavedra JE, Weyerbrock A. The nitric oxide donor JS-K sensitizes U87 glioma cells to repetitive irradiation. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317703922. [PMID: 28653883 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317703922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potent radiosensitizer nitric oxide (NO) may be a putative adjuvant in the treatment of malignant gliomas which are known for their radio- and chemoresistance. The NO donor prodrug JS-K (O2-(2.4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate) allows cell-type specific intracellular NO release via enzymatic activation by glutathione-S-transferases overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme. The cytotoxic and radiosensitizing efficacy of JS-K was assessed in U87 glioma cells in vitro focusing on cell proliferation, induction of DNA damage, and cell death. In vivo efficacy of JS-K and repetitive irradiation were investigated in an orthotopic U87 xenograft model in mice. For the first time, we could show that JS-K acts as a potent cytotoxic and radiosensitizing agent in U87 cells in vitro. This dose- and time-dependent effect is due to an enhanced induction of DNA double-strand breaks leading to mitotic catastrophe as the dominant form of cell death. However, this potent cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect could not be confirmed in an intracranial U87 xenograft model, possibly due to insufficient delivery into the brain. Although NO donor treatment was well tolerated, neither a retardation of tumor growth nor an extended survival could be observed after JS-K and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Heckler
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Osterberg
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kristin Thiede-Stan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- 3 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,4 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,5 Department of Radiology-Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidensteiner
- 5 Department of Radiology-Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph E Saavedra
- 6 Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI) at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Tran AN, Boyd NH, Walker K, Hjelmeland AB. NOS Expression and NO Function in Glioma and Implications for Patient Therapies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:986-999. [PMID: 27411305 PMCID: PMC5467121 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Gliomas are central nervous system tumors that primarily occur in the brain and arise from glial cells. Gliomas include the most common malignant brain tumor in adults known as grade IV astrocytoma, or glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is a deadly disease for which the most significant advances in treatment offer an improvement in survival of only ∼2 months. CRITICAL ISSUES To develop novel treatments and improve patient outcomes, we and others have sought to determine the role of molecular signals in gliomas. Recent Advances: One signaling molecule that mediates important biologies in glioma is the free radical nitric oxide (NO). In glioma cells and the tumor microenvironment, NO is produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. NO and NOS affect glioma growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, differentiation state, and therapeutic resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These multifaceted effects of NO and NOS on gliomas both in vitro and in vivo suggest the potential of modulating the pathway for antiglioma patient therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 986-999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Tran
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nathaniel H Boyd
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kiera Walker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Tan G, Qiu M, Chen L, Zhang S, Ke L, Liu J. JS-K, a nitric oxide pro-drug, regulates growth and apoptosis through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:376. [PMID: 28549433 PMCID: PMC5446692 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the fact that JS-K might regulate ubiquitin E3 ligase and that ubiquitin E3 ligase plays an important role in the mechanism of CRPC formation, the goal was to investigate the probable mechanism by which JS-K regulates prostate cancer cells. Methods Proliferation inhibition by JS-K on prostate cancer cells was examined usingCCK-8 assays. Caspase 3/7 activity assays and flow cytometry were performed to examine whether JS-K induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation analyses investigated JS-K’s effects on the associated apoptosis mechanism. Real time-PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess JS-K’s effect on transcription of specific AR target genes. Western blotting was also performed to detect Siah2 and AR protein concentrations and co-immunoprecipitation to detect interactions of Siah2 and AR, NCoR1 and AR, and p300 and AR. Results JS-K inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. JS-K increased p53 and Mdm2 concentrations and regulated the caspase cascade reaction-associated protein concentrations. JS-K inhibited transcription of AR target genes and down-regulated PSA protein concentrations. JS-K inhibited Siah2 interactions and also inhibited the ubiquitination of AR. With further investigation, JS-K was found to stabilize AR and NCoR1 interactions and diminish AR and p300 interactions. Conclusions The present results suggested that JS-K might have been able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, which represented a promising platform for the development of new compounds for PCa treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3351-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
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ATF3 reduces migration capacity by regulation of matrix metalloproteinases via NF κB and STAT3 inhibition in glioblastoma. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17006. [PMID: 28250971 PMCID: PMC5327503 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is associated with poor survival and a high recurrence rate in patients due to inevitable uncontrolled infiltrative tumor growth. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms may offer opportunities to prevent relapses. In this study we investigated the role of the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in migration of GBM cells in vitro. RNA microarray revealed that gene expression of ATF3 is induced by a variety of chemotherapeutics and experimental agents such as the nitric oxide donor JS-K (O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate). We found NFκB and STAT3 to be downstream targets inhibited by overexpression of ATF3. We demonstrate that ATF3 is directly involved in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activation. Overexpression of ATF3 therefore leads to a significantly reduced migration capacity and induction of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Our study for the first time identifies ATF3 as a potential novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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20
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Kumar A, Dhull DK, Gupta V, Channana P, Singh A, Bhardwaj M, Ruhal P, Mittal R. Role of Glutathione-S-transferases in neurological problems. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:299-309. [PMID: 27785931 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1254192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Role of Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) has been well explored in the cellular detoxification process, regulation of redox homeostasis and S-glutothionylation of target proteins like JNK, ASK1 etc. However, altered levels or functions of this enzyme or their subtypes have emerged in the development of several pathologies diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer and related conditions. Oxidative stress is one of the possible pathological events that contributes significantly to activation of degenerating cascades inside neuronal cells. The central nervous system is highly sensitive to oxidative stress because of low levels or capacities of antioxidant enzymes. The brain is highly metabolic in nature making it susceptible to oxidative stress. Areas covered: The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple connections of GSTs within diverse neurological diseases including cancer. Furthermore, the authors have made significant efforts to discuss the regulation of different GST isoforms that have been associated with various pathological processes such as glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy. Expert opinion: Though GSTs have been one of the key areas of scientific research over the last few decades, much remains to be elucidated about their physiological functions as well as pathological involvement of GSTs and their polymorphic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Varun Gupta
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Priyanka Channana
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Arti Singh
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Manveen Bhardwaj
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Poonam Ruhal
- b Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology , Hisar , India
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- a Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies (UGC-CAS) , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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21
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Sinha BK. Nitric oxide: Friend or Foe in Cancer Chemotherapy and Drug Resistance: A Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:244-251. [PMID: 31844487 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A successful treatment of cancers in the clinic has been difficult to achieve because of the emergence of drug resistant tumor cells. While various approaches have been tried to overcome multi-drug resistance, it has remained a major road block in achieving complete success in the clinic. Extensive research has identified various mechanisms, including overexpression of P-glycoprotein 170, modifications in activating or detoxification enzymes (phase I and II enzymes), and mutation and/or decreases in target enzymes in cancer cells. However, nitric oxide and/or nitric oxide-related species have not been considered an important player in cancer treatment and or drug resistance. Here, we examine the significance of nitric oxide in the treatment and resistance mechanisms of various anticancer drugs. Furthermore, we describe the significance of recently reported effects of nitric oxide on topoisomerases and the development of resistance to topoisomerase-poisons in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Günzle J, Osterberg N, Saavedra JE, Weyerbrock A. Nitric oxide released from JS-K induces cell death by mitotic catastrophe as part of necrosis in glioblastoma multiforme. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2349. [PMID: 27584787 PMCID: PMC5059858 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) donor JS-K is specifically activated by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in GST-overexpressing cells. We have shown the induction of cell death in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells at high JS-K doses but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether NO-induced cell death is triggered by induction of apoptotic or necrotic pathways. For the first time, we demonstrate that NO induces cell death via mitotic catastrophe (MC) with non-apoptotic mechanisms in GBM cells. Moreover, the level of morphological changes indicating MC correlates with increased necrosis. Therefore, we conclude that MC is the main mechanism by which GBM cells undergo cell death after treatment with JS-K associated with necrosis rather than apoptosis. In addition, we show that PARP1 is not an exclusive marker for late apoptosis but is also involved in MC. Activating an alternative way of cell death can be useful for the multimodal cancer therapy of GBM known for its strong anti-apoptotic mechanisms and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Günzle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64 Freiburg, D-79106, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Nadja Osterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64 Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Joseph E Saavedra
- Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 567, Room 254, Frederick MD 21702, USA
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64 Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
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24
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Qiu M, Chen L, Tan G, Ke L, Zhang S, Chen H, Liu J. A reactive oxygen species activation mechanism contributes to JS-K-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15104. [PMID: 26458509 PMCID: PMC4602210 DOI: 10.1038/srep15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidant stress are regulators of cancer cells. The alteration of redox status, which is induced by increased generation of ROS, results in increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K, C13H16N6O8) on proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and explored possible ROS-related mechanisms. Our results indicated that JS-K could suppress bladder cancer cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induce apoptosis and ROS accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of JS-K, expression of proteins that are involved in cell apoptosis increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed JS-K-induced cell apoptosis; conversely, the prooxidant oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exacerbated JS-K-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that nitrites, which were generated from the oxidation of JS-K-released NO, induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells to a lower extent through the ROS-related pathway. In addition, JS-K was shown to enhance the chemo-sensitivity of doxorubicin in bladder cancer cells. Taken together, the data suggest that JS-K-released NO induces bladder cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels, and nitrites resulting from oxidation of NO have a continuous apoptosis-inducing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hege Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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25
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Bonavida B, Garban H. Nitric oxide-mediated sensitization of resistant tumor cells to apoptosis by chemo-immunotherapeutics. Redox Biol 2015; 6:486-494. [PMID: 26432660 PMCID: PMC4596920 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of NO by the various NO synthases in normal and malignant tissues is manifested by various biological effects that are involved in the regulation of cell survival, differentiation and cell death. The role of NO in the cytotoxic immune response was first revealed by demonstrating the induction of iNOS in target cells by immune cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ, IL-1, TNF-α, etc.) and resulting in the sensitization of resistant tumor cells to death ligands-induced apoptosis. Endogenous/exogenous NO mediated its immune sensitizing effect by inhibiting NF-κΒ activity and downstream, inactivating the repressor transcription factor YY1, which inhibited both Fas and DR5 expressions. In addition, NO-mediated inhibition of NF-κΒ activity and inhibition downstream of its anti-apoptotic gene targets sensitized the tumor cells to apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs. We have identified in tumor cells a dysregulated pro-survival/anti-apoptotic loop consisting of NF-κB/Snail/YY1/RKIP/PTEN and its modification by NO was responsible, in large, for the reversal of chemo and immune resistance and sensitization to apoptotic mechanisms by cytotoxic agents. Moreover, tumor cells treated with exogenous NO donors resulted in the inhibition of NF-κΒ activity via S-nitrosylation of p50 and p65, inhibition of Snail (NF-κΒ target gene), inhibition of transcription repression by S-nitrosylation of YY1 and subsequent inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induction of RKIP (inhibition of the transcription repressor Snail), and induction of PTEN (inhibition of the repressors Snail and YY1). Further, each gene product modified by NO in the loop was involved in chemo-immunosensitization. These above findings demonstrated that NO donors interference in the regulatory circuitry result in chemo-immunosensitization and inhibition of EMT. Overall, these observations suggest the potential anti-tumor therapeutic effect of NO donors in combination with subtoxic chemo-immuno drugs. This combination acts on multiple facets including reversal of chemo-immune resistance, and inhibition of both EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hermes Garban
- NantBioScience, Inc., NantWorks, LLC., California NanoSystems Institute (CnSI) at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zhang R, Yang J, Zhou Y, Shami PJ, Kopeček J. N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymer-Drug Conjugates for Combination Chemotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Macromol Biosci 2015. [PMID: 26222892 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for new treatment strategies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, four different drugs, including cytarabine, daunorubicin, GDC-0980, and JS-K, were investigated in vitro for the two-drug combinations treatment of AML. The results revealed that cytarabine and GDC-0980 had the strongest synergism. In addition, cell cycle analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the different combinations on cell division. For future in vivo application, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-cytarabine and GDC-0980 conjugates were synthesized, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated that both conjugates had potent cytotoxicity and their combination also showed strong synergy, suggesting a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for future AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Maciag AE, Holland RJ, Kim Y, Kumari V, Luthers C, Sehareen WS, Biswas D, Morris NL, Ji X, Anderson LM, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK. Nitric oxide (NO) releasing poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors targeted to glutathione S-transferase P1-overexpressing cancer cells. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2292-302. [PMID: 24521039 PMCID: PMC3983374 DOI: 10.1021/jm401550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the antitumor effects of nitric oxide (NO) releasing derivatives of the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib (1). Compound 5b was prepared by coupling the carboxyl group of 3b and the free amino group of arylated diazeniumdiolated piperazine 4. Analogue 5a has the same structure except that the F is replaced by H. Compound 13 is the same as 5b except that a Me2N-N(O)═NO- group was added para and ortho to the nitro groups of the dinitrophenyl ring. The resulting prodrugs are activated by glutathione in a reaction accelerated by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancers. This metabolism generates NO plus a PARP-1 inhibitor simultaneously, consuming reducing equivalents, leading to DNA damage concomitant with inhibition of DNA repair, and in the case of 13 inducing cross-linking glutathionylation of proteins. Compounds 5b and 13 reduced the growth rates of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts with no evidence of systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Maciag
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ryan J. Holland
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Youseung Kim
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vandana Kumari
- Macromolecular
Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Christina
E. Luthers
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Waheed S. Sehareen
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Debanjan Biswas
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nicole L. Morris
- Laboratory
Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical
Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Macromolecular
Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Lucy M. Anderson
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph E. Saavedra
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Wang YT, Piyankarage SC, Williams DL, Thatcher GRJ. Proteomic profiling of nitrosative stress: protein S-oxidation accompanies S-nitrosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:821-30. [PMID: 24397869 PMCID: PMC3985710 DOI: 10.1021/cb400547u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
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Reversible chemical modifications
of protein cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation are increasingly recognized as important regulatory
mechanisms for many protein classes associated with cellular signaling
and stress response. Both modifications may theoretically occur under
cellular nitrosative or nitroxidative stress. Therefore, a proteomic
isotope-coded approach to parallel, quantitative analysis of cysteome S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation was developed.
Modifications of cysteine residues of (i) human glutathione-S-transferase
P1-1 (GSTP1) and (ii) the schistosomiasis drug target thioredoxin
glutathione reductase (TGR) were studied. Both S-nitrosylation (SNO) and S-oxidation to disulfide
(SS) were observed for reactive cysteines, dependent on concentration
of added S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) and independent
of oxygen. SNO and SS modifications of GSTP1 were quantified and compared
for therapeutically relevant NO and HNO donors from different chemical
classes, revealing oxidative modification for all donors. Observations
on GSTP1 were extended to cell cultures, analyzed after lysis and
in-gel digestion. Treatment of living neuronal cells with CysNO, to
induce nitrosative stress, caused levels of S-nitrosylation
and S-oxidation of GSTP1 comparable to those of cell-free
studies. Cysteine modifications of PARK7/DJ-1, peroxiredoxin-2, and
other proteins were identified, quantified, and compared to overall
levels of protein S-nitrosylation. The new methodology
has allowed identification and quantitation of specific cysteome modifications,
demonstrating that nitroxidation to protein disulfides occurs concurrently
with S-nitrosylation to protein-SNO in recombinant
proteins and living cells under nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Sujeewa C. Piyankarage
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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29
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The Role of Glutathione and the Glutathione-Linked Enzyme Systems in Brain Tumor Drug Resistance. TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7217-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Kaur I, Terrazas M, Kosak KM, Kern SE, Boucher KM, Shami PJ. Cellular distribution studies of the nitric oxide-generating antineoplastic prodrug O(2) -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)1-((4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate formulated in Pluronic P123 micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1329-36. [PMID: 23927471 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) possesses antitumour activity. It induces differentiation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. The NO prodrug O(2) -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)1-((4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, or JS-K, has potent antileukaemic activity. JS-K is also active in vitro and in vivo against multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, glioma and liver cancer. Using the Pluronic P123 polymer, we have developed a micelle formulation for JS-K to increase its solubility and stability. The goal of the current study was to investigate the cellular distribution of JS-K in AML cells. METHODS We investigated the intracellular distribution of JS-K (free drug) and JS-K formulated in P123 micelles (P123/JS-K) using HL-60 AML cells. We also studied the S-glutathionylating effects of JS-K on proteins in the cytoplasmic and nuclear cellular fractions. KEY FINDINGS Both free JS-K and P123/JS-K accumulate primarily in the nucleus. Both free JS-K and P123/JS-K induced S-glutathionylation of nuclear proteins, although the effect produced was more pronounced with P123/JS-K. Minimal S-glutathionylation of cytoplasmic proteins was observed. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a micelle formulation of JS-K increases its accumulation in the nucleus. Post-translational protein modification through S-glutathionylation may contribute to JS-K's antileukaemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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31
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Weidensteiner C, Reichardt W, Shami PJ, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK, Baumer B, Werres A, Jasinski R, Osterberg N, Weyerbrock A. Effects of the nitric oxide donor JS-K on the blood-tumor barrier and on orthotopic U87 rat gliomas assessed by MRI. Nitric Oxide 2013; 30:17-25. [PMID: 23370169 PMCID: PMC3617040 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) released from NO donors can be cytotoxic in tumor cells and can enhance the transport of drugs into brain tumors by altering blood-tumor barrier permeability. The NO donor JS-K [O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] releases NO upon enzymatic activation selectively in cells overexpressing glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) such as gliomas. Thus, JS-K-dependent NO effects - especially on cell viability and vascular permeability - were investigated in U87 glioma cells in vitro and in an orthotopic U87 xenograft model in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In vitro experiments showed dose-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in U87 cells. In addition, treatment of U87 cells with JS-K resulted in a dose-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and intracellular accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which was irreversibly inhibited by the selective inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo(4,3a)quinoxaline-1-one). Using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) as a minimally invasive technique, we demonstrated for the first time a significant increase in the DCE-MRI read-out initial area under the concentration curve (iAUC60) indicating an acute increase in blood-tumor barrier permeability after i.v. treatment with JS-K. Repeated MR imaging of animals with intracranial U87 gliomas under treatment with JS-K (3.5 μmol/kg JS-K 3×/week) and of untreated controls on day 12 and 19 after tumor inoculation revealed no significant changes in tumor growth, edema formation or tumor perfusion. Immunohistochemical workup of the brains showed a significant antiproliferative effect of JS-K in the gliomas. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data suggest that JS-K has antiproliferative effects in U87 gliomas and opens the blood-tumor barrier by activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway. This might be a novel approach to facilitate entry of therapeutic drugs into brain tumors. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive, repeatable imaging modality to monitor biological effects of NO donors and other experimental therapeutics in intracranial tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weidensteiner
- Dept. of Radiology/Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Maciag AE, Holland RJ, Robert Cheng YS, Rodriguez LG, Saavedra JE, Anderson LM, Keefer LK. Nitric oxide-releasing prodrug triggers cancer cell death through deregulation of cellular redox balance. Redox Biol 2013; 1:115-24. [PMID: 24024144 PMCID: PMC3757670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
JS-K is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug of the O (2)-arylated diazeniumdiolate family that has demonstrated pronounced cytotoxicity and antitumor properties in a variety of cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. The current study of the metabolic actions of JS-K was undertaken to investigate mechanisms of its cytotoxicity. Consistent with model chemical reactions, the activating step in the metabolism of JS-K in the cell is the dearylation of the diazeniumdiolate by glutathione (GSH) via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The resulting product (CEP/NO anion) spontaneously hydrolyzes, releasing two equivalents of NO. The GSH/GSSG redox couple is considered to be the major redox buffer of the cell, helping maintain a reducing environment under basal conditions. We have quantified the effects of JS-K on cellular GSH content, and show that JS-K markedly depletes GSH, due to JS-K's rapid uptake and cascading release of NO and reactive nitrogen species. The depletion of GSH results in alterations in the redox potential of the cellular environment, initiating MAPK stress signaling pathways, and inducing apoptosis. Microarray analysis confirmed signaling gene changes at the transcriptional level and revealed alteration in the expression of several genes crucial for maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, as well as cell proliferation and survival, including MYC. Pre-treating cells with the known GSH precursor and nucleophilic reducing agent N-acetylcysteine prevented the signaling events that lead to apoptosis. These data indicate that multiplicative depletion of the reduced glutathione pool and deregulation of intracellular redox balance are important initial steps in the mechanism of JS-K's cytotoxic action.
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Key Words
- ATF, activating transcription factor
- Arylated diazeniumdiolate
- DAF-FM, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate
- DCF-DA, 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide (oxidized GSH)
- Glutathione
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- JS-K, O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate
- LC/MS, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
- Leukemia
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NO, nitric oxide
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nitric oxide
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAPK/JNK, stress activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Maciag
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ryan J. Holland
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Y.-S. Robert Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis G. Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joseph E. Saavedra
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lucy M. Anderson
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Holland RJ, Maciag AE, Kumar V, Shi L, Saavedra JE, Prud'homme RK, Chakrapani H, Keefer LK. Cross-linking protein glutathionylation mediated by O2-arylated bis-diazeniumdiolate "Double JS-K". Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2670-7. [PMID: 23106594 PMCID: PMC3524378 DOI: 10.1021/tx3003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of glutathione (GSH) to cysteine residues in proteins (S-glutathionylation) is a reversible post-translational modification that can profoundly alter protein structure and function. Often serving in a protective role, for example, by temporarily saving protein thiols from irreversible oxidation and inactivation, glutathionylation can be identified and semiquantitatively assessed using anti-GSH antibodies, thought to be specific for recognition of the S-glutathionylation modification. Here, we describe an alternate mechanism of protein glutathionylation in which the sulfur atoms of the GSH and the protein's thiol group are covalently bound via a cross-linking agent, rather than through a disulfide bond. This form of thiol cross-linking has been shown to occur and has been confirmed by mass spectrometry at the solution chemistry level, as well as in experiments documenting the potent antiproliferative activity of the bis-diazeniumdiolate Double JS-K in H1703 cells in vitro and in vivo. The modification is recognized by the anti-GSH antibody as if it were authentic S-glutathionylation, requiring mass spectrometry to distinguish between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Holland
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States.
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Maciag AE, Holland RJ, Saavedra JE, Chakrapani H, Shami PJ, Keefer LK. Thiol Modification By Pharmacologically Active Agents of the Diazeniumdiolate Class. FORUM ON IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL DISEASES AND THERAPEUTICS 2012; 3:91-95. [PMID: 23585982 PMCID: PMC3622254 DOI: 10.1615/forumimmundisther.2012006334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Promising drug candidates of the diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) chemical family include several types of thiol modification among their mechanisms of action: 1) drugs designed to release nitric oxide (NO) on reaction with the thiol group of glutathione (GSH) arylate the GSH, a step that removes reducing equivalents from the cell; (2) a similar reaction of the drug with the thiol group of a protein changes its structure, leading to potentially impaired function and cell death; (3) the NO generated as a byproduct in the above reactions can undergo oxidation, leading to S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation; and (4) diazeniumdiolates can also generate nitroxyl, which reacts with thiol groups to form disulfides or sulfinamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Maciag
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ryan J. Holland
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Paul J. Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Larry K. Keefer
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
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