1
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Martin HR, Lysakowski A, Eatock RA. The potassium channel subunit K V1.8 ( Kcna10) is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells. eLife 2024; 13:RP94342. [PMID: 39625061 PMCID: PMC11614384 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, gK,L, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to KV1.8 (Kcna10) in the Shaker K channel family as a candidate gK,L subunit, we compared whole-cell voltage-dependent currents from utricular HCs of KV1.8-null mice and littermate controls. We found that KV1.8 is necessary not just for gK,L but also for fast-inactivating and delayed rectifier currents in type II HCs, which activate positive to resting potential. The distinct properties of the three KV1.8-dependent conductances may reflect different mixing with other KV subunits that are reported to be differentially expressed in type I and II HCs. In KV1.8-null HCs of both types, residual outwardly rectifying conductances include KV7 (Knq) channels. Current clamp records show that in both HC types, KV1.8-dependent conductances increase the speed and damping of voltage responses. Features that speed up vestibular receptor potentials and non-quantal afferent transmission may have helped stabilize locomotion as tetrapods moved from water to land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Martin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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2
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Regalado Núñez K, Bronson D, Chang R, Kalluri R. Vestibular afferent neurons develop normally in the absence of quantal/glutamatergic input. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1441964. [PMID: 39655160 PMCID: PMC11625666 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1441964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vestibular nerve is comprised of neuron sub-groups with diverse functions related to their intrinsic biophysical properties. This diversity is partly due to differences in the types and numbers of low-voltage-gated potassium channels found in the neurons' membranes. Expression for some low-voltage gated ion channels like KCNQ4 is upregulated during early post-natal development; suggesting that ion channel composition and neuronal diversity may be shaped by hair cell activity. This idea is consistent with recent work showing that glutamatergic input from hair cells is necessary for the normal diversification auditory neurons. Methods To test if biophysical diversity is similarly dependent on glutamatergic input in vestibular neurons, we examined vestibular function and the maturation of the vestibular epithelium and ganglion neurons by immunohistochemistry and patch-clamp electrophysiology in Vglut3-ko mice whose hair cell synapses lack glutamate. Results The knockout mice showed no obvious balance deficits and crossed challenging balance beams with little difficulty. Immunolabeling of the Vglut3-ko vestibular epithelia showed normal development as indicated by an identifiable striolar zone with calyceal terminals labeled by molecular marker calretinin, and normal expression of KCNQ4 by the end of the second post-natal week. We found similar numbers of Type I and Type II hair cells in the knockout and wild-type animals, regardless of epithelial zone. Thus, the presumably quiescent Type II hair cells are not cleared from the epithelium. Patch-clamp recordings showed that biophysical diversity of vestibular ganglion neurons in the Vglut3-ko mice is comparable to that found in wild-type controls, with a similar range firing patterns at both immature and juvenile ages. However, our results suggest a subtle biophysical alteration to the largest ganglion cells (putative somata of central zone afferents); those in the knockout had smaller net conductance and were more excitable than those in the wild type. Discussion Thus, unlike in the auditory nerve, glutamatergic signaling is unnecessary for producing biophysical diversity in vestibular ganglion neurons. And yet, because the input signals from vestibular hair cells are complex and not solely reliant on quantal release of glutamate, whether diversity of vestibular ganglion neurons is simply hardwired or regulated by a more complex set of input signals remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Regalado Núñez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bronson
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Chang
- Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Radha Kalluri
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Ono K, Jarysta A, Hughes NC, Jukic A, Chang HHV, Deans MR, Eatock RA, Cullen KE, Kindt KS, Tarchini B. Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function. eLife 2024; 13:RP97674. [PMID: 39531034 PMCID: PMC11556791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Otolith organs in the inner ear and neuromasts in the fish lateral-line harbor two populations of hair cells oriented to detect stimuli in opposing directions. The underlying mechanism is highly conserved: the transcription factor EMX2 is regionally expressed in just one hair cell population and acts through the receptor GPR156 to reverse cell orientation relative to the other population. In mouse and zebrafish, loss of Emx2 results in sensory organs that harbor only one hair cell orientation and are not innervated properly. In zebrafish, Emx2 also confers hair cells with reduced mechanosensory properties. Here, we leverage mouse and zebrafish models lacking GPR156 to determine how detecting stimuli of opposing directions serves vestibular function, and whether GPR156 has other roles besides orienting hair cells. We find that otolith organs in Gpr156 mouse mutants have normal zonal organization and normal type I-II hair cell distribution and mechano-electrical transduction properties. In contrast, gpr156 zebrafish mutants lack the smaller mechanically evoked signals that characterize Emx2-positive hair cells. Loss of GPR156 does not affect orientation-selectivity of afferents in mouse utricle or zebrafish neuromasts. Consistent with normal otolith organ anatomy and afferent selectivity, Gpr156 mutant mice do not show overt vestibular dysfunction. Instead, performance on two tests that engage otolith organs is significantly altered - swimming and off-vertical-axis rotation. We conclude that GPR156 relays hair cell orientation and transduction information downstream of EMX2, but not selectivity for direction-specific afferents. These results clarify how molecular mechanisms that confer bi-directionality to sensory organs contribute to function, from single hair cell physiology to animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ono
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Natasha C Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alma Jukic
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Hui Ho Vanessa Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
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4
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Wang T, Yang T, Kedaigle A, Pregernig G, McCarthy R, Holmes B, Wu X, Becker L, Pan N, So K, Chen L, He J, Mahmoudi A, Negi S, Kowalczyk M, Gibson T, Druckenbrod N, Cheng AG, Burns J. Precise genetic control of ATOH1 enhances maturation of regenerated hair cells in the mature mouse utricle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9166. [PMID: 39448563 PMCID: PMC11502789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells are mechanoreceptors critical for detecting head position and motion. In mammals, hair cell loss causes vestibular dysfunction as spontaneous regeneration is nearly absent. Constitutive expression of exogenous ATOH1, a hair cell transcription factor, increases hair cell regeneration, however, these cells fail to fully mature. Here, we profiled mouse utricles at 14 time points, and defined transcriptomes of developing and mature vestibular hair cells. To mimic native hair cells which downregulate endogenous ATOH1 as they mature, we engineered viral vectors carrying the supporting cell promoters GFAP and RLBP1. In utricles damaged ex vivo, both CMV-ATOH1 and GFAP-ATOH1 increased regeneration more effectively than RLBP1-ATOH1, while GFAP-ATOH1 and RLBP1-ATOH1 induced hair cells with more mature transcriptomes. In utricles damaged in vivo, GFAP-ATOH1 induced regeneration of hair cells expressing genes indicative of maturing type II hair cells, and more hair cells with bundles and synapses than untreated organs. Together our results demonstrate the efficacy of spatiotemporal control of ATOH1 overexpression in inner ear hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Pregernig
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Ryan McCarthy
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Ben Holmes
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xudong Wu
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lars Becker
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Ning Pan
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kathy So
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ahmad Mahmoudi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Soumya Negi
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Lahlou H, Zhu H, Zhou W, Edge AS. Pharmacological regeneration of sensory hair cells restores afferent innervation and vestibular function. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181201. [PMID: 39316439 PMCID: PMC11563683 DOI: 10.1172/jci181201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensory cells that transduce the signals for hearing and balance are highly specialized mechanoreceptors called hair cells that together with supporting cells comprise the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. Loss of hair cells from toxin exposure and age can cause balance disorders and is essentially irreversible due to the inability of mammalian vestibular organs to regenerate physiologically active hair cells. Here, we show substantial regeneration of hair cells in a mouse model of vestibular damage by treatment with a combination of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and histone deacetylase inhibitors. The drugs stimulated supporting cell proliferation and differentiation into hair cells. The new hair cells were reinnervated by vestibular afferent neurons, rescuing otolith function by restoring head translation-evoked otolith afferent responses and vestibuloocular reflexes. Drugs that regenerate hair cells thus represent a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Lahlou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Albert S.B. Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Ono K, Jarysta A, Hughes NC, Jukic A, Chang HHV, Deans MR, Eatock RA, Cullen KE, Kindt K, Tarchini B. Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586740. [PMID: 39282410 PMCID: PMC11398332 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Otolith organs in the inner ear and neuromasts in the fish lateral-line harbor two populations of hair cells oriented to detect stimuli in opposing directions. The underlying mechanism is highly conserved: the transcription factor EMX2 is regionally expressed in just one hair cell population and acts through the receptor GPR156 to reverse cell orientation relative to the other population. In mouse and zebrafish, loss of Emx2 results in sensory organs that harbor only one hair cell orientation and are not innervated properly. In zebrafish, Emx2 also confers hair cells with reduced mechanosensory properties. Here, we leverage mouse and zebrafish models lacking GPR156 to determine how detecting stimuli of opposing directions serves vestibular function, and whether GPR156 has other roles besides orienting hair cells. We find that otolith organs in Gpr156 mouse mutants have normal zonal organization and normal type I-II hair cell distribution and mechano-electrical transduction properties. In contrast, gpr156 zebrafish mutants lack the smaller mechanically-evoked signals that characterize Emx2-positive hair cells. Loss of GPR156 does not affect orientation-selectivity of afferents in mouse utricle or zebrafish neuromasts. Consistent with normal otolith organ anatomy and afferent selectivity, Gpr156 mutant mice do not show overt vestibular dysfunction. Instead, performance on two tests that engage otolith organs is significantly altered - swimming and off-vertical-axis rotation. We conclude that GPR156 relays hair cell orientation and transduction information downstream of EMX2, but not selectivity for direction-specific afferents. These results clarify how molecular mechanisms that confer bi-directionality to sensory organs contribute to function, from single hair cell physiology to animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ono
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Natasha C Hughes
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Alma Jukic
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Hui Ho Vanessa Chang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA
| | - Katie Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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7
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Martin HR, Lysakowski A, Eatock RA. The potassium channel subunit K V1.8 ( Kcna10) is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.21.563853. [PMID: 38045305 PMCID: PMC10690164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.563853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, gK,L, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to KV1.8 (KCNA10) in the Shaker K channel family as a candidate gK,L subunit, we compared whole-cell voltage-dependent currents from utricular hair cells of KV1.8-null mice and littermate controls. We found that KV1.8 is necessary not just for gK,L but also for fast-inactivating and delayed rectifier currents in type II HCs, which activate positive to resting potential. The distinct properties of the three KV1.8-dependent conductances may reflect different mixing with other KV subunits that are reported to be differentially expressed in type I and II HCs. In KV1.8-null HCs of both types, residual outwardly rectifying conductances include KV7 (KCNQ) channels. Current clamp records show that in both HC types, KV1.8-dependent conductances increase the speed and damping of voltage responses. Features that speed up vestibular receptor potentials and non-quantal afferent transmission may have helped stabilize locomotion as tetrapods moved from water to land.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
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8
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Lipovsek M. Comparative biology of the amniote vestibular utricle. Hear Res 2024; 448:109035. [PMID: 38763033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The sensory epithelia of the auditory and vestibular systems of vertebrates have shared developmental and evolutionary histories. However, while the auditory epithelia show great variation across vertebrates, the vestibular sensory epithelia appear seemingly more conserved. An exploration of the current knowledge of the comparative biology of the amniote utricle, a vestibular sensory epithelium that senses linear acceleration, shows interesting instances of variability between birds and mammals. The distribution of sensory hair cell types, the position of the line of hair bundle polarity reversal and the properties of supporting cells show marked differences, likely impacting vestibular function and hair cell regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lipovsek
- Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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9
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Heffer A, Lee C, Holt JC, Kiernan AE. Notch1 is required to maintain supporting cell identity and vestibular function during maturation of the mammalian balance organs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600098. [PMID: 38948821 PMCID: PMC11212955 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The inner ear houses two sensory modalities: the hearing organ, located in the cochlea, and the balance organs, located throughout the vestibular regions of the ear. Both hearing and vestibular sensory regions are composed of similar cell types, including hair cells and associated supporting cells. Recently, we showed that Notch1 is required for maintaining supporting cell survival postnatally during cochlear maturation. However, it is not known whether Notch1 plays a similar role in the balance organs of the inner ear. To characterize the role of Notch during vestibular maturation, we conditionally deleted Notch1 from Sox2-expressing cells of the vestibular organs in the mouse at P0/P1. Histological analyses showed a dramatic loss of supporting cells accompanied by an increase in type II hair cells without cell death, indicating the supporting cells are converting to hair cells in the maturing vestibular regions. Analysis of 6-week old animals indicate that the converted hair cells survive, despite the reduction of supporting cells. Interestingly, measurements of vestibular sensory evoked potentials (VsEPs), known to be generated in the striolar regions of the vestibular afferents in the maculae, failed to show a response, indicating that NOTCH1 expression is critical for striolar function postnatally. Consistent with this, we find that the specialized type I hair cells in the striola fail to develop the complex calyces typical of these cells. These defects are likely due to the reduction in supporting cells, which have previously been shown to express factors critical for the striolar region. Similar to other mutants that lack proper striolar development, Notch1 mutants do not exhibit typical vestibular behaviors such as circling and head shaking, but do show difficulties in some vestibular tests, including the balance beam and forced swim test. These results indicate that, unlike the hearing organ in which the supporting cells undergo cell death, supporting cells in the balance regions retain the ability to convert to hair cells during maturation, which survive into adulthood despite the reduction in supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Heffer
- Flaum Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Choongheon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Joseph C. Holt
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Amy E. Kiernan
- Flaum Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
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10
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Wang T, Ling AH, Billings SE, Hosseini DK, Vaisbuch Y, Kim GS, Atkinson PJ, Sayyid ZN, Aaron KA, Wagh D, Pham N, Scheibinger M, Zhou R, Ishiyama A, Moore LS, Maria PS, Blevins NH, Jackler RK, Alyono JC, Kveton J, Navaratnam D, Heller S, Lopez IA, Grillet N, Jan TA, Cheng AG. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals increased regeneration in diseased human inner ear balance organs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4833. [PMID: 38844821 PMCID: PMC11156867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian inner ear hair cell loss leads to permanent hearing and balance dysfunction. In contrast to the cochlea, vestibular hair cells of the murine utricle have some regenerative capacity. Whether human utricular hair cells regenerate in vivo remains unknown. Here we procured live, mature utricles from organ donors and vestibular schwannoma patients, and present a validated single-cell transcriptomic atlas at unprecedented resolution. We describe markers of 13 sensory and non-sensory cell types, with partial overlap and correlation between transcriptomes of human and mouse hair cells and supporting cells. We further uncover transcriptomes unique to hair cell precursors, which are unexpectedly 14-fold more abundant in vestibular schwannoma utricles, demonstrating the existence of ongoing regeneration in humans. Lastly, supporting cell-to-hair cell trajectory analysis revealed 5 distinct patterns of dynamic gene expression and associated pathways, including Wnt and IGF-1 signaling. Our dataset constitutes a foundational resource, accessible via a web-based interface, serving to advance knowledge of the normal and diseased human inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, PR China
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sara E Billings
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Davood K Hosseini
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yona Vaisbuch
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Grace S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zahra N Sayyid
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ksenia A Aaron
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Stanford Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Pham
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lindsay S Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nikolas H Blevins
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert K Jackler
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer C Alyono
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Kveton
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dhasakumar Navaratnam
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Borrajo M, Sedano D, Palou A, Giménez-Esbrí V, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Maturation of type I and type II rat vestibular hair cells in vivo and in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1404894. [PMID: 38895157 PMCID: PMC11183282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1404894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vestibular sensory epithelia contain type I and type II sensory hair cells (HCI and HCII). Recent studies have revealed molecular markers for the identification of these cells, but the precise composition of each vestibular epithelium (saccule, utricle, lateral crista, anterior crista, posterior crista) and their postnatal maturation have not been described in detail. Moreover, in vitro methods to study this maturation are not well developed. We obtained total HCI and HCII counts in adult rats and studied the maturation of the epithelia from birth (P0) to postnatal day 28 (P28). Adult vestibular epithelia hair cells were found to comprise ∼65% HCI expressing osteopontin and PMCA2, ∼30% HCII expressing calretinin, and ∼4% HCII expressing SOX2 but neither osteopontin nor calretinin. At birth, immature HCs express both osteopontin and calretinin. P28 epithelia showed an almost adult-like composition but still contained 1.3% of immature HCs. In addition, we obtained free-floating 3D cultures of the epithelia at P1, which formed a fluid-filled cyst, and studied their survival and maturation in vitro up to day 28 (28 DIV). These cultures showed good HC resiliency and maturation. Using an enriched medium for the initial 4 days, a HCI/calretinin+-HCII ratio close to the in vivo ratio was obtained. These cultures are suitable to study HC maturation and mature HCs in pharmacological, toxicological and molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Borrajo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - David Sedano
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Víctor Giménez-Esbrí
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
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12
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Gwilliam K, Sperber M, Perry K, Rose KP, Ginsberg L, Paladugu N, Song Y, Milon B, Elkon R, Hertzano R. A cell type-specific approach to elucidate the role of miR-96 in inner ear hair cells. FRONTIERS IN AUDIOLOGY AND OTOLOGY 2024; 2:1400576. [PMID: 38826689 PMCID: PMC11141775 DOI: 10.3389/fauot.2024.1400576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Mutations in microRNA-96 (miR-96), a microRNA expressed within the hair cells (HCs) of the inner ear, result in progressive hearing loss in both mouse models and humans. In this study, we present the first HC-specific RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset from newborn Mir96Dmdo heterozygous, homozygous mutant, and wildtype mice. Methods Bulk RNA-seq was performed on HCs of newborn Mir96Dmdo heterozygous, homozygous mutant, and wildtype mice. Differentially expressed gene analysis was conducted on Mir96Dmdo homozygous mutant HCs compared to wildtype littermate controls, followed by GO term and protein-protein interaction analysis on these differentially expressed genes. Results We identify 215 upregulated and 428 downregulated genes in the HCs of the Mir96Dmdo homozygous mutant mice compared to their wildtype littermate controls. Many of the significantly downregulated genes in Mir96Dmdo homozygous mutant HCs have established roles in HC development and/or known roles in deafness including Myo15a, Myo7a, Ush1c, Gfi1, and Ptprq and have enrichment in gene ontology (GO) terms with biological functions such as sensory perception of sound. Interestingly, upregulated genes in Mir96Dmdo homozygous mutants, including possible miR-96 direct targets, show higher wildtype expression in supporting cells compared to HCs. Conclusion Our data further support a role for miR-96 in HC development, possibly as a repressor of supporting cell transcriptional programs in HCs. The HC-specific Mir96Dmdo RNA-seq data set generated from this manuscript are now publicly available in a dedicated profile in the gene expression analysis resource (gEAR-https://umgear.org/p?l=miR96).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Gwilliam
- Section on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michal Sperber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Katherine Perry
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin P. Rose
- Section on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura Ginsberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikhil Paladugu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Beatrice Milon
- Section on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Section on Omics and Translational Science of Hearing, Neurotology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Waldhaus J, Jiang L, Liu L, Liu J, Duncan RK. Mapping the developmental potential of mouse inner ear organoids at single-cell resolution. iScience 2024; 27:109069. [PMID: 38375227 PMCID: PMC10875570 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inner ear organoids recapitulate development and are intended to generate cell types of the otic lineage for applications such as basic science research and cell replacement strategies. Here, we use single-cell sequencing to study the cellular heterogeneity of late-stage mouse inner ear organoid sensory epithelia, which we validated by comparison with datasets of the mouse cochlea and vestibular epithelia. We resolved supporting cell sub-types, cochlear-like hair cells, and vestibular type I and type II-like hair cells. While cochlear-like hair cells aligned best with an outer hair cell trajectory, vestibular-like hair cells followed developmental trajectories similar to in vivo programs branching into type II and then type I extrastriolar hair cells. These results highlight the transcriptional accuracy of the organoid developmental program but will also inform future strategies to improve synaptic connectivity and regional specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linghua Jiang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liqian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Keith Duncan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Schenberg L, Palou A, Simon F, Bonnard T, Barton CE, Fricker D, Tagliabue M, Llorens J, Beraneck M. Multisensory gaze stabilization in response to subchronic alteration of vestibular type I hair cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP88819. [PMID: 38019267 PMCID: PMC10686621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs. Immunostaining of hair cells in the vestibular sensory epithelia revealed that organ-specific alteration of type I, but not type II, hair cells correlates with functional impairments. The decrease in VOR performance is paralleled with an increase in the gain of the OKR occurring in a specific range of frequencies where VOR normally dominates gaze stabilization, compatible with a sensory substitution process. Comparison of unimodal OKR or VOR versus bimodal CGR revealed that visuo-vestibular interactions remain reduced despite a significant recovery in the VOR. Modeling and sweep-based analysis revealed that the differential capacity to optimally combine OKR and VOR correlates with the reproducibility of the VOR responses. Overall, these results shed light on the multisensory reweighting occurring in pathologies with fluctuating peripheral vestibular malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Schenberg
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - François Simon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance
| | - Tess Bonnard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Charles-Elliot Barton
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Desdemona Fricker
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Michele Tagliabue
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
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15
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Kalra G, Lenz D, Abdul-Aziz D, Hanna C, Basu M, Herb BR, Colantuoni C, Milon B, Saxena M, Shetty AC, Hertzano R, Shivdasani RA, Ament SA, Edge ASB. Cochlear organoids reveal transcriptional programs of postnatal hair cell differentiation from supporting cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113421. [PMID: 37952154 PMCID: PMC11007545 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the changes in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional programs for cochlear hair cell differentiation from postmitotic supporting cells using organoids from postnatal cochlea. The organoids contain cells with transcriptional signatures of differentiating vestibular and cochlear hair cells. Construction of trajectories identifies Lgr5+ cells as progenitors for hair cells, and the genomic data reveal gene regulatory networks leading to hair cells. We validate these networks, demonstrating dynamic changes both in expression and predicted binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) during organoid differentiation. We identify known regulators of hair cell development, Atoh1, Pou4f3, and Gfi1, and the analysis predicts the regulatory factors Tcf4, an E-protein and heterodimerization partner of Atoh1, and Ddit3, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) that represses Hes1 and activates transcription of Wnt-signaling-related genes. Deciphering the signals for hair cell regeneration from mammalian cochlear supporting cells reveals candidates for hair cell (HC) regeneration, which is limited in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmannat Kalra
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Lenz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig Hanna
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahashweta Basu
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian R Herb
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Colantuoni
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatrice Milon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madhurima Saxena
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seth A Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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You D, Ni W, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Chen Y, Li W. The proper timing of Atoh1 expression is pivotal for hair cell subtype differentiation and the establishment of inner ear function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:349. [PMID: 37930405 PMCID: PMC10628023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1 overexpression is essential for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the sensory epithelium of mammalian auditory and vestibular organs. However, Atoh1 overexpression alone cannot induce fully mature and functional HCs in the mammalian inner ear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Atoh1 constitutive overexpression in native HCs by manipulating Atoh1 expression at different developmental stages. We demonstrated that constitutive overexpression of Atoh1 in native vestibular HCs did not affect cell survival but did impair vestibular function by interfering with the subtype differentiation of HCs and hair bundle development. In contrast, Atoh1 overexpression in cochlear HCs impeded their maturation, eventually leading to gradual HC loss in the cochlea and hearing dysfunction. Our study suggests that time-restricted Atoh1 expression is essential for the differentiation and survival of HCs in the inner ear, and this is pivotal for both hearing and vestibular function re-establishment through Atoh1 overexpression-induced HC regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ni
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikang Huang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Steinhart MR, van der Valk WH, Osorio D, Serdy SA, Zhang J, Nist-Lund C, Kim J, Moncada-Reid C, Sun L, Lee J, Koehler KR. Mapping oto-pharyngeal development in a human inner ear organoid model. Development 2023; 150:dev201871. [PMID: 37796037 PMCID: PMC10698753 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inner ear development requires the coordination of cell types from distinct epithelial, mesenchymal and neuronal lineages. Although we have learned much from animal models, many details about human inner ear development remain elusive. We recently developed an in vitro model of human inner ear organogenesis using pluripotent stem cells in a 3D culture, fostering the growth of a sensorineural circuit, including hair cells and neurons. Despite previously characterizing some cell types, many remain undefined. This study aimed to chart the in vitro development timeline of the inner ear organoid to understand the mechanisms at play. Using single-cell RNA sequencing at ten stages during the first 36 days of differentiation, we tracked the evolution from pluripotency to various ear cell types after exposure to specific signaling modulators. Our findings showcase gene expression that influences differentiation, identifying a plethora of ectodermal and mesenchymal cell types. We also discern aspects of the organoid model consistent with in vivo development, while highlighting potential discrepancies. Our study establishes the Inner Ear Organoid Developmental Atlas (IODA), offering deeper insights into human biology and improving inner ear tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wouter H. van der Valk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara A. Serdy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carl Nist-Lund
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cynthia Moncada-Reid
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology (SHBT) Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Alonso SM, Ayerve NA, Roca CM, Touma GC, de Dios JCDP, Gómez HS, Ruíz SSC, Caletrío ÁB. Use of Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus in the Follow-up of Patients With Ménière Disease Treated With Intratympanic Gentamicin. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 16:236-243. [PMID: 37402470 PMCID: PMC10471906 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2023.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ménière disease (MD) is an idiopathic disorder that affects hearing and inner ear balance. Intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) is recognized as an effective treatment for uncontrolled MD characterized by persistent vertigo attacks despite therapy. The video head impulse test (vHIT) and skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) are validated. METHODS for evaluating vestibular function. A progressive linear relationship has been identified between the slow-phase velocity (SPV) of SVIN determined using a 100-Hz skull vibrator and the gain difference (healthy ear/affected ear) measured by vHIT. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the SPV of SVIN was associated with the recovery of vestibular function following ITG treatment. Consequently, we sought to determine whether SVIN could predict the onset of new vertigo attacks in patients with MD who were treated with ITG. METHODS A prospective longitudinal case-control study was conducted. Several variables were recorded post-ITG and throughout the follow-up period, followed by statistical analyses. Two groups were compared: patients who experienced vertigo attacks 6 months after ITG and those who did not. RESULTS The sample comprised 88 patients diagnosed with MD who underwent ITG treatment. Of the 18 patients who experienced recurring vertigo attacks, 15 demonstrated gain recovery in the affected ear. However, all 18 patients exhibited a decrease in the SPV of SVIN. CONCLUSION The SPV of SVIN may be more sensitive than vHIT in identifying the recovery of vestibular function following ITG administration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate the link between a reduction in SPV and the likelihood of vertigo episodes in patients with MD who have been treated with ITG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Marcos Alonso
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicole Almeida Ayerve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Chiara Monopoli Roca
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Coronel Touma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos del Pozo de Dios
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hortensia Sánchez Gómez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Santiago Santa Cruz Ruíz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Batuecas Caletrío
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Moore ST, Nakamura T, Nie J, Solivais AJ, Aristizábal-Ramírez I, Ueda Y, Manikandan M, Reddy VS, Romano DR, Hoffman JR, Perrin BJ, Nelson RF, Frolenkov GI, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Hashino E. Generating high-fidelity cochlear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:950-961.e7. [PMID: 37419105 PMCID: PMC10695300 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive hair cells in the cochlea are responsible for hearing but are vulnerable to damage by genetic mutations and environmental insults. The paucity of human cochlear tissues makes it difficult to study cochlear hair cells. Organoids offer a compelling platform to study scarce tissues in vitro; however, derivation of cochlear cell types has proven non-trivial. Here, using 3D cultures of human pluripotent stem cells, we sought to replicate key differentiation cues of cochlear specification. We found that timed modulations of Sonic Hedgehog and WNT signaling promote ventral gene expression in otic progenitors. Ventralized otic progenitors subsequently give rise to elaborately patterned epithelia containing hair cells with morphology, marker expression, and functional properties consistent with both outer and inner hair cells in the cochlea. These results suggest that early morphogenic cues are sufficient to drive cochlear induction and establish an unprecedented system to model the human auditory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander J Solivais
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Yoshitomo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mayakannan Manikandan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - V Shweta Reddy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel R Romano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John R Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rick F Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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20
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Maroto AF, Borrajo M, Prades S, Callejo À, Amilibia E, Pérez-Grau M, Roca-Ribas F, Castellanos E, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. The vestibular calyceal junction is dismantled following subchronic streptomycin in rats and sensory epithelium stress in humans. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1943-1961. [PMID: 37195449 PMCID: PMC10256663 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss by epithelial extrusion has been described to occur in the rodent vestibular system during chronic 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) ototoxicity. This is preceded by dismantlement of the calyceal junction in the contact between type I HC (HCI) and calyx afferent terminals. Here, we evaluated whether these phenomena have wider significance. First, we studied rats receiving seven different doses of streptomycin, ranging from 100 to 800 mg/kg/day, for 3-8 weeks. Streptomycin caused loss of vestibular function associated with partial loss of HCI and decreased expression of contactin-associated protein (CASPR1), denoting calyceal junction dismantlement, in the calyces encasing the surviving HCI. Additional molecular and ultrastructural data supported the conclusion that HC-calyx detachment precede HCI loss by extrusion. Animals allowed to survive after the treatment showed functional recuperation and rebuilding of the calyceal junction. Second, we evaluated human sensory epithelia obtained during therapeutic labyrinthectomies and trans-labyrinthine tumour excisions. Some samples showed abnormal CASPR1 label strongly suggestive of calyceal junction dismantlement. Therefore, reversible dismantlement of the vestibular calyceal junction may be a common response triggered by chronic stress, including ototoxic stress, before HCI loss. This may partly explain clinical observations of reversion in function loss after aminoglycoside exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F. Maroto
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
| | - Mireia Borrajo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
| | - Sílvia Prades
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
| | - Àngela Callejo
- Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya Spain
- CSUR Phakomatoses Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTIP-ICO-IGTP, Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Emilio Amilibia
- Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya Spain
- CSUR Phakomatoses Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTIP-ICO-IGTP, Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Grau
- Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya Spain
- CSUR Phakomatoses Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTIP-ICO-IGTP, Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Francesc Roca-Ribas
- Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya Spain
- CSUR Phakomatoses Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTIP-ICO-IGTP, Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- CSUR Phakomatoses Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTIP-ICO-IGTP, Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya Spain
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21
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van der Valk WH, van Beelen ESA, Steinhart MR, Nist-Lund C, Osorio D, de Groot JCMJ, Sun L, van Benthem PPG, Koehler KR, Locher H. A single-cell level comparison of human inner ear organoids with the human cochlea and vestibular organs. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112623. [PMID: 37289589 PMCID: PMC10592453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inner ear disorders are among the most common congenital abnormalities; however, current tissue culture models lack the cell type diversity to study these disorders and normal otic development. Here, we demonstrate the robustness of human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids (IEOs) and evaluate cell type heterogeneity by single-cell transcriptomics. To validate our findings, we construct a single-cell atlas of human fetal and adult inner ear tissue. Our study identifies various cell types in the IEOs including periotic mesenchyme, type I and type II vestibular hair cells, and developing vestibular and cochlear epithelium. Many genes linked to congenital inner ear dysfunction are confirmed to be expressed in these cell types. Additional cell-cell communication analysis within IEOs and fetal tissue highlights the role of endothelial cells on the developing sensory epithelium. These findings provide insights into this organoid model and its potential applications in studying inner ear development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H van der Valk
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Edward S A van Beelen
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carl Nist-Lund
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John C M J de Groot
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Heiko Locher
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Matern MS, Durruthy-Durruthy R, Birol O, Darmanis S, Scheibinger M, Groves AK, Heller S. Transcriptional dynamics of delaminating neuroblasts in the mouse otic vesicle. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112545. [PMID: 37227818 PMCID: PMC10592509 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An abundance of research has recently highlighted the susceptibility of cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG) neurons to noise damage and aging in the adult cochlea, resulting in hearing deficits. Furthering our understanding of the transcriptional cascades that contribute to CVG development may provide insight into how these cells can be regenerated to treat inner ear dysfunction. Here we perform a high-depth single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the E10.5 otic vesicle and its surrounding tissues, including CVG precursor neuroblasts and emerging CVG neurons. Clustering and trajectory analysis of otic-lineage cells reveals otic markers and the changes in gene expression that occur from neuroblast delamination toward the development of the CVG. This dataset provides a valuable resource for further identifying the mechanisms associated with CVG development from neurosensory competent cells within the otic vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Matern
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Durruthy-Durruthy
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Onur Birol
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Huang Y, Zhou Q, Li W, Chen Y. The expression of p27 in the adult vestibular sensory organs and its possible roles. Neurosci Lett 2023; 800:137128. [PMID: 36792024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells (HCs) located in the inner ear are the receptors of vestibular sensory, which facilitates the human sense of balance. The detailed differentiation pattern and maturation process of the vestibular HCs are unclear now. p27, a cyclin/CDK inhibitor, plays a critical role in regulating the exit of cell cycle. We found that p27 was continuously expressed in the terminally differentiated and mature vestibular HCs using p27-P2A-iCreER/+; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato/+ mice, suggesting p27 might have novel roles independent of its CDK inhibitory action. p27 is also reported to be associated with cell differentiation, cell migration and cell survival. We further explored the difference of p27 expression between two subtypes of vestibular HCs, and found that the proportion of p27-tdTomato positive type I vestibular HCs increased gradually along the subtype determination and maturation of vestibular HCs, suggesting that p27 might play a role in the HC subtype differentiation, maturation and function acquirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Huang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutesof Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
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24
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Piekna-Przybylska D, Na D, Zhang J, Baker C, Ashton JM, White PM. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of mouse cochlear supporting cell transcriptomes with activated ERBB2 receptor indicates a cell-specific response that promotes CD44 activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1096872. [PMID: 36687526 PMCID: PMC9853549 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1096872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss caused by the death of cochlear hair cells (HCs) might be restored through regeneration from supporting cells (SCs) via dedifferentiation and proliferation, as observed in birds. In a previous report, ERBB2 activation in a subset of cochlear SCs promoted widespread down-regulation of SOX2 in neighboring cells, proliferation, and the differentiation of HC-like cells. Here we analyze single cell transcriptomes from neonatal mouse cochlear SCs with activated ERBB2, with the goal of identifying potential secreted effectors. ERBB2 induction in vivo generated a new population of cells with de novo expression of a gene network. Called small integrin-binding ligand n-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs), these ligands and their regulators can alter NOTCH signaling and promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in other systems. We validated mRNA expression of network members, and then extended our analysis to older stages. ERBB2 signaling in young adult SCs also promoted protein expression of gene network members. Furthermore, we found proliferating cochlear cell aggregates in the organ of Corti. Our results suggest that ectopic activation of ERBB2 signaling in cochlear SCs can alter the microenvironment, promoting proliferation and cell rearrangements. Together these results suggest a novel mechanism for inducing stem cell-like activity in the adult mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Piekna-Przybylska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Daxiang Na
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cameron Baker
- Genomic Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - John M. Ashton
- Genomic Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Patricia M. White
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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25
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Scheibinger M, Janesick A, Benkafadar N, Ellwanger DC, Jan TA, Heller S. Cell-type identity of the avian utricle. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111432. [PMID: 36170825 PMCID: PMC9588199 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian utricle, a vestibular organ of the inner ear, displays turnover of sensory hair cells throughout life. This is in sharp contrast to the mammalian utricle, which shows limited regenerative capacity. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify distinct marker genes for the different sensory hair cell subtypes of the chicken utricle, which we validated in situ. We provide markers for spatially distinct supporting cell populations and identify two transitional cell populations of dedifferentiating supporting cells and developing hair cells. Trajectory reconstruction resulted in an inventory of gene expression dynamics of natural hair cell generation in the avian utricle. Scheibinger et al. provide a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the chicken utricle, a vestibular organ. Hair cell and supporting cell subtypes are defined by marker genes, and trajectories of gene expression dynamics during hair cell turnover are shown. This resource provides a baseline to study inner ear damage and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Amanda Janesick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nesrine Benkafadar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Current estimates suggest that nearly half a billion people worldwide are affected by hearing loss. Because of the major psychological, social, economic, and health ramifications, considerable efforts have been invested in identifying the genes and molecular pathways involved in hearing loss, whether genetic or environmental, to promote prevention, improve rehabilitation, and develop therapeutics. Genomic sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of genes associated with hearing loss. Studies of the transcriptome and epigenome of the inner ear have characterized key regulators and pathways involved in the development of the inner ear and have paved the way for their use in regenerative medicine. In parallel, the immense preclinical success of using viral vectors for gene delivery in animal models of hearing loss has motivated the industry to work on translating such approaches into the clinic. Here, we review the recent advances in the genomics of auditory function and dysfunction, from patient diagnostics to epigenetics and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Taiber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; ,
| | - Kathleen Gwilliam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; ,
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Mukhopadhyay M, Pangrsic T. Synaptic transmission at the vestibular hair cells of amniotes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 121:103749. [PMID: 35667549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A harmonized interplay between the central nervous system and the five peripheral end organs is how the vestibular system helps organisms feel a sense of balance and motion in three-dimensional space. The receptor cells of this system, much like their cochlear equivalents, are the specialized hair cells. However, research over the years has shown that the vestibular endorgans and hair cells evolved very differently from their cochlear counterparts. The structurally unique calyceal synapse, which appeared much later in the evolutionary time scale, and continues to intrigue researchers, is now known to support several forms of synaptic neurotransmission. The conventional quantal transmission is believed to employ the ribbon structures, which carry several tethered vesicles filled with neurotransmitters. However, the field of vestibular hair cell synaptic molecular anatomy is still at a nascent stage and needs further work. In this review, we will touch upon the basic structure and function of the peripheral vestibular system, with the focus on the various modes of neurotransmission at the type I vestibular hair cells. We will also shed light on the current knowledge about the molecular anatomy of the vestibular hair cell synapses and vestibular synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohona Mukhopadhyay
- Experimental Otology Group, InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, and Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Pangrsic
- Experimental Otology Group, InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, and Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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28
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Kim GS, Wang T, Sayyid ZN, Fuhriman J, Jones SM, Cheng AG. Repair of surviving hair cells in the damaged mouse utricle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116973119. [PMID: 35380897 PMCID: PMC9169652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116973119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells (HCs) in the utricle are mechanoreceptors required to detect linear acceleration. After damage, the mammalian utricle partially restores the HC population and organ function, although regenerated HCs are primarily type II and immature. Whether native, surviving HCs can repair and contribute to this recovery is unclear. Here, we generated the Pou4f3DTR/+; Atoh1CreERTM/+; Rosa26RtdTomato/+ mouse to fate map HCs prior to ablation. After HC ablation, vestibular evoked potentials were abolished in all animals, with ∼57% later recovering responses. Relative to nonrecovery mice, recovery animals harbored more Atoh1-tdTomato+ surviving HCs. In both groups, surviving HCs displayed markers of both type I and type II subtypes and afferent synapses, despite distorted lamination and morphology. Surviving type II HCs remained innervated in both groups, whereas surviving type I HCs first lacked and later regained calyces in the recovery, but not the nonrecovery, group. Finally, surviving HCs initially displayed immature and subsequently mature-appearing bundles in the recovery group. These results demonstrate that surviving HCs are capable of self-repair and may contribute to the recovery of vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S. Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zahra N. Sayyid
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jessica Fuhriman
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sherri M. Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Alan G. Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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29
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Maudoux A, Vitry S, El-Amraoui A. Vestibular Deficits in Deafness: Clinical Presentation, Animal Modeling, and Treatment Solutions. Front Neurol 2022; 13:816534. [PMID: 35444606 PMCID: PMC9013928 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.816534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is responsible for both hearing and balance. These functions are dependent on the correct functioning of mechanosensitive hair cells, which convert sound- and motion-induced stimuli into electrical signals conveyed to the brain. During evolution of the inner ear, the major changes occurred in the hearing organ, whereas the structure of the vestibular organs remained constant in all vertebrates over the same period. Vestibular deficits are highly prevalent in humans, due to multiple intersecting causes: genetics, environmental factors, ototoxic drugs, infections and aging. Studies of deafness genes associated with balance deficits and their corresponding animal models have shed light on the development and function of these two sensory systems. Bilateral vestibular deficits often impair individual postural control, gaze stabilization, locomotion and spatial orientation. The resulting dizziness, vertigo, and/or falls (frequent in elderly populations) greatly affect patient quality of life. In the absence of treatment, prosthetic devices, such as vestibular implants, providing information about the direction, amplitude and velocity of body movements, are being developed and have given promising results in animal models and humans. Novel methods and techniques have led to major progress in gene therapies targeting the inner ear (gene supplementation and gene editing), 3D inner ear organoids and reprograming protocols for generating hair cell-like cells. These rapid advances in multiscale approaches covering basic research, clinical diagnostics and therapies are fostering interdisciplinary research to develop personalized treatments for vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maudoux
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
- Center for Balance Evaluation in Children (EFEE), Otolaryngology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
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30
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Huang Y, Mao H, Chen Y. Regeneration of Hair Cells in the Human Vestibular System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:854635. [PMID: 35401109 PMCID: PMC8987309 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.854635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system is a critical part of the human balance system, malfunction of this system will lead to balance disorders, such as vertigo. Mammalian vestibular hair cells, the mechanical receptors for vestibular function, are sensitive to ototoxic drugs and virus infection, and have a limited restorative capacity after damage. Considering that no artificial device can be used to replace vestibular hair cells, promoting vestibular hair cell regeneration is an ideal way for vestibular function recovery. In this manuscript, the development of human vestibular hair cells during the whole embryonic stage and the latest research on human vestibular hair cell regeneration is summarized. The limitations of current studies are emphasized and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen,
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31
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Sung CYW, Barzik M, Costain T, Wang L, Cunningham LL. Semi-automated Quantification of Hair Cells in the Mature Mouse Utricle. Hear Res 2022; 416:108429. [PMID: 35081508 PMCID: PMC9034969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The mouse utricle model system is the best-characterized ex vivo preparation for studies of mature mammalian hair cells (HCs). Despite the many advantages of this model system, efficient and reliable quantification of HCs from cultured utricles has been a persistent challenge with this model system. Utricular HCs are commonly quantified by counting immunolabeled HCs in regions of interest (ROIs) placed over an image of the utricle. Our data indicate that the accuracy of HC counts obtained using this method can be impacted by variability in HC density across different regions of the utricle. In addition, the commonly used HC marker myosin 7a results in a diffuse cytoplasmic stain that is not conducive to automated quantification and must be quantified manually, a labor-intensive task. Furthermore, myosin 7a immunoreactivity is retained in dead HCs, resulting in inaccurate quantification of live HCs using this marker. Here we have developed a method for semi-automated quantification of surviving HCs that combines immunoreactivity for the HC-specific transcription factor Pou4f3 with labeling of activated caspase 3/7 (AC3/7) to detect apoptotic HCs. The discrete nuclear Pou4f3 signal allowed us to utilize the binary or threshold function within ImageJ to automate HC quantification. To further streamline this process, we created an ImageJ macro that automates the process from raw image loading to a final quantified image that can be immediately evaluated for accuracy. Within this quantified image, the user can manually correct the quantification via an image overlay indicating the counted HC nuclei. Pou4f3-positive HCs that also express AC3/7 are subtracted to yield accurate counts of surviving HCs. Overall, we present a semi-automated method that is faster than manual HC quantification and identifies surviving HCs with high accuracy.
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Lipovsek M, Marcovich I, Elgoyhen AB. The Hair Cell α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Odd Cousin in an Old Family. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:785265. [PMID: 34867208 PMCID: PMC8634148 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.785265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a subfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels with members identified in most eumetazoan clades. In vertebrates, they are divided into three subgroups, according to their main tissue of expression: neuronal, muscle and hair cell nAChRs. Each receptor subtype is composed of different subunits, encoded by paralogous genes. The latest to be identified are the α9 and α10 subunits, expressed in the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear and the lateral line, where they mediate efferent modulation. α9α10 nAChRs are the most divergent amongst all nicotinic receptors, showing marked differences in their degree of sequence conservation, their expression pattern, their subunit co-assembly rules and, most importantly, their functional properties. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the structure and evolution of nAChRs. We discuss the functional consequences of sequence divergence and conservation, with special emphasis on the hair cell α9α10 receptor, a seemingly distant cousin of neuronal and muscle nicotinic receptors. Finally, we highlight potential links between the evolution of the octavolateral system and the extreme divergence of vertebrate α9α10 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lipovsek
- Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Marcovich
- Departments of Otolaryngology & Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Belén Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mackowetzky K, Yoon KH, Mackowetzky EJ, Waskiewicz AJ. Development and evolution of the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear. J Anat 2021; 239:801-828. [PMID: 34047378 PMCID: PMC8450482 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear is a labyrinthine sensory organ responsible for perceiving sound and body motion. While a great deal of research has been invested in understanding the auditory system, a growing body of work has begun to delineate the complex developmental program behind the apparatuses of the inner ear involved with vestibular function. These animal studies have helped identify genes involved in inner ear development and model syndromes known to include vestibular dysfunction, paving the way for generating treatments for people suffering from these disorders. This review will provide an overview of known inner ear anatomy and function and summarize the exciting discoveries behind inner ear development and the evolution of its vestibular apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey Mackowetzky
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Kevin H. Yoon
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Andrew J. Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Women & Children’s Health Research InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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34
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González-Garrido A, Pujol R, López-Ramírez O, Finkbeiner C, Eatock RA, Stone JS. The Differentiation Status of Hair Cells That Regenerate Naturally in the Vestibular Inner Ear of the Adult Mouse. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7779-7796. [PMID: 34301830 PMCID: PMC8445055 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3127-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, disease, and trauma can lead to loss of vestibular hair cells and permanent vestibular dysfunction. Previous work showed that, following acute destruction of ∼95% of vestibular hair cells in adult mice, ∼20% regenerate naturally (without exogenous factors) through supporting cell transdifferentiation. There is, however, no evidence for the recovery of vestibular function. To gain insight into the lack of functional recovery, we assessed functional differentiation in regenerated hair cells for up to 15 months, focusing on key stages in stimulus transduction and transmission: hair bundles, voltage-gated conductances, and synaptic contacts. Regenerated hair cells had many features of mature type II vestibular hair cells, including polarized mechanosensitive hair bundles with zone-appropriate stereocilia heights, large voltage-gated potassium currents, basolateral processes, and afferent and efferent synapses. Regeneration failed, however, to recapture the full range of properties of normal populations, and many regenerated hair cells had some properties of immature hair cells, including small transduction currents, voltage-gated sodium currents, and small or absent HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) currents. Furthermore, although mouse vestibular epithelia normally have slightly more type I hair cells than type II hair cells, regenerated hair cells acquired neither the low-voltage-activated potassium channels nor the afferent synaptic calyces that distinguish mature type I hair cells from type II hair cells and confer distinctive physiology. Thus, natural regeneration of vestibular hair cells in adult mice is limited in total cell number, cell type diversity, and extent of cellular differentiation, suggesting that manipulations are needed to promote full regeneration with the potential for recovery of vestibular function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Death of inner ear hair cells in adult mammals causes permanent loss of hearing and balance. In adult mice, the sudden death of most vestibular hair cells stimulates the production of new hair cells but does not restore balance. We investigated whether the lack of systems-level function reflects functional deficiencies in the regenerated hair cells. The regenerated population acquired mechanosensitivity, voltage-gated channels, and afferent synapses, but did not reproduce the full range of hair cell types. Notably, no regenerated cells acquired the distinctive properties of type I hair cells, a major functional class in amniote vestibular organs. To recover vestibular system function in adults, we may need to solve how to regenerate the normal variety of mature hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rémy Pujol
- The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center and the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1052, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Omar López-Ramírez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Connor Finkbeiner
- The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center and the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center and the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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35
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Maroto AF, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Relationship between vestibular hair cell loss and deficits in two anti-gravity reflexes in the rat. Hear Res 2021; 410:108336. [PMID: 34481267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tail-lift reflex and the air-righting reflex in rats are anti-gravity reflexes that depend on vestibular function. To begin identifying their cellular basis, this study examined the relationship between reflex loss and the graded lesions caused in the vestibular sensory epithelia by varying doses of an ototoxic compound. After ototoxic exposure, we recorded these reflexes using high speed video. The movies were used to obtain objective measures of the reflexes: the minimum angle formed by the nose, the back of the neck and the base of the tail during the tail-lift maneuver and the time to right in the air-righting test. The vestibular sensory epithelia were then collected from the rats and used to estimate the loss of type I (HCI), type II (HCII) and all hair cells (HC) in both central and peripheral parts of the crista, utricle, and saccule. As expected, tail-lift angles decreased, and air-righting times increased, while the numbers of HCs remaining in the epithelia decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrated greater sensitivity of HCI compared to HCII to the IDPN ototoxicity, as well as a relative resiliency of the saccule compared to the crista and utricle. Comparing the functional measures with the cell counts, we observed that loss of the tail-lift reflex associates better with HCI than with HCII loss. In contrast, most HCI in the crista and utricle were lost before air-righting times increased. These data suggest that these reflexes depend on the function of non-identical populations of vestibular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto F Maroto
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
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36
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Deafness-in-a-dish: modeling hereditary deafness with inner ear organoids. Hum Genet 2021; 141:347-362. [PMID: 34342719 PMCID: PMC9035009 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major cause of functional disability in both the developed and developing world. While hearing aids and cochlear implants provide significant benefit to many with SNHL, neither targets the cellular and molecular dysfunction that ultimately underlies SNHL. The successful development of more targeted approaches, such as growth factor, stem cell, and gene therapies, will require a yet deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of human hearing and deafness. Unfortunately, the human inner ear cannot be biopsied without causing significant, irreversible damage to the hearing or balance organ. Thus, much of our current understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of human deafness, and of the human auditory system more broadly, has been inferred from observational and experimental studies in animal models, each of which has its own advantages and limitations. In 2013, researchers described a protocol for the generation of inner ear organoids from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which could serve as scalable, high-fidelity alternatives to animal models. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitations of conventional models of the human auditory system, describe the generation and characteristics of PSC-derived inner ear organoids, and discuss several strategies and recent attempts to model hereditary deafness in vitro. Finally, we suggest and discuss several focus areas for the further, intensive characterization of inner ear organoids and discuss the translational applications of these novel models of the human inner ear.
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Moeinvaziri F, Shojaei A, Haghparast N, Yakhkeshi S, Nemati S, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Towards maturation of human otic hair cell-like cells in pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid transplants. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:321-333. [PMID: 34319434 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human otic organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a promising platform for modeling, drug testing, and cell-based therapies of inner ear diseases. However, providing the appropriate niche that resembles inner ear development and its vasculature to generate otic organoids is less conspicuous. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of otic progenitor cells toward human hair cell-like cells (HCLCs) by assembling three-dimensional (3D) otic organoids that contain human PSC-derived otic cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Heterotopic implantation of otic organoids, designated as grafted otic organoids (GOs), in ex ovo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) stimulated maturation of the HCLCs. Functional analysis revealed the presence of voltage-gated potassium currents without detectable sodium currents in these cells in the GOs. Our results demonstrated that implantation of 3D heterotypic cell mixtures of otic organoids improved maturation of human HCLCs. This GO-derived HCLCs could be an attractive source for drug discovery and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Newsha Haghparast
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadman Nemati
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Al Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Stone JS, Pujol R, Nguyen TB, Cox BC. The Transcription Factor Sox2 Is Required to Maintain the Cell Type-Specific Properties and Innervation of Type II Vestibular Hair Cells in Adult Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6217-6233. [PMID: 34099510 PMCID: PMC8287988 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1831-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of balance relies on vestibular hair cells, which detect head motions. Mammals have two types of vestibular hair cell, I and II, with unique morphological, molecular, and physiological properties. Furthermore, each hair cell type signals to a unique form of afferent nerve terminal. Little is known about the mechanisms in mature animals that maintain the specific features of each hair cell type or its postsynaptic innervation. We found that deletion of the transcription factor Sox2 from Type II hair cells in adult mice of both sexes caused many cells in utricles to acquire features unique to Type I hair cells and to lose Type II-specific features. This cellular transdifferentiation, which included changes in nuclear size, chromatin condensation, soma and stereocilium morphology, and marker expression, resulted in a significantly higher proportion of Type I-like hair cells in all epithelial zones. Furthermore, Sox2 deletion from Type II hair cells triggered non-cell autonomous changes in vestibular afferent neurons; they retracted bouton terminals (normally present on only Type II cells) from transdifferentiating hair cells and replaced them with a calyx terminal (normally present on only Type I cells). These changes were accompanied by significant expansion of the utricle's central zone, called the striola. Our study presents the first example of a transcription factor required to maintain the type-specific hair cell phenotype in adult inner ears. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a single genetic change in Type II hair cells is sufficient to alter the morphology of their postsynaptic partners, the vestibular afferent neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The sense of balance relies on two types of sensory cells in the inner ear, Type I and Type II hair cells. These two cell types have unique properties. Furthermore, their postsynaptic partners, the vestibular afferent neurons, have differently shaped terminals on Type I versus Type II hair cells. We show that the transcription factor Sox2 is required to maintain the cell-specific features of Type II hair cells and their postsynaptic terminals in adult mice. This is the first evidence of a molecule that maintains the phenotypes of hair cells and, non-cell autonomously, their postsynaptic partners in mature animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7923
| | - Rémy Pujol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7923
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1051, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Tot Bui Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7923
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Departments of Pharmacology and Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9624
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39
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Jan TA, Eltawil Y, Ling AH, Chen L, Ellwanger DC, Heller S, Cheng AG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of inner ear sensory and non-sensory cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109358. [PMID: 34260939 PMCID: PMC8378666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utricle is a vestibular sensory organ that requires mechanosensitive hair cells to detect linear acceleration. In neonatal mice, new hair cells are derived from non-sensory supporting cells, yet cell type diversity and mechanisms of cell addition remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform computational analyses on single-cell transcriptomes to categorize cell types and resolve 14 individual sensory and non-sensory subtypes. Along the periphery of the sensory epithelium, we uncover distinct groups of transitional epithelial cells, marked by Islr, Cnmd, and Enpep expression. By reconstructing de novo trajectories and gene dynamics, we show that as the utricle expands, Islr+ transitional epithelial cells exhibit a dynamic and proliferative phase to generate new supporting cells, followed by coordinated differentiation into hair cells. Taken together, our study reveals a sequential and coordinated process by which non-sensory epithelial cells contribute to growth of the postnatal mouse sensory epithelium. The postnatal mouse utricle expands by more than 35% and doubles its number of hair cells during the first 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomics, Jan et al. show that the surrounding transitional epithelial cells proliferate and contribute to the expansion of the sensory epithelium through a stepwise differentiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yasmin Eltawil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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40
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Li N, Xi Y, Du H, Zhou H, Xu Z. Annexin A4 Is Dispensable for Hair Cell Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680155. [PMID: 34150775 PMCID: PMC8209329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A4 (ANXA4) is a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that is specifically expressed in the cochlear and vestibular hair cells, but its function in the hair cells remains unknown. In the present study, we show that besides localizing on the plasma membrane, ANXA4 immunoreactivity is also localized at the tips of stereocilia in the hair cells. In order to investigate the role of ANXA4 in the hair cells, we established Anxa4 knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Unexpectedly, the development of both cochlear and vestibular hair cells is normal in Anxa4 knockout mice. Moreover, stereocilia morphology of Anxa4 knockout mice is normal, so is the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) function. Consistently, the auditory and vestibular functions are normal in the knockout mice. In conclusion, we show here that ANXA4 is dispensable for the development and function of hair cells, which might result from functional redundancy between ANXA4 and other annexin(s) in the hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuehui Xi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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41
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Wilkerson BA, Zebroski HL, Finkbeiner CR, Chitsazan AD, Beach KE, Sen N, Zhang RC, Bermingham-McDonogh O. Novel cell types and developmental lineages revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the mouse crista ampullaris. eLife 2021; 10:e60108. [PMID: 34003106 PMCID: PMC8189719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides transcriptomic characterization of the cells of the crista ampullaris, sensory structures at the base of the semicircular canals that are critical for vestibular function. We performed single-cell RNA-seq on ampullae microdissected from E16, E18, P3, and P7 mice. Cluster analysis identified the hair cells, support cells and glia of the crista as well as dark cells and other nonsensory epithelial cells of the ampulla, mesenchymal cells, vascular cells, macrophages, and melanocytes. Cluster-specific expression of genes predicted their spatially restricted domains of gene expression in the crista and ampulla. Analysis of cellular proportions across developmental time showed dynamics in cellular composition. The new cell types revealed by single-cell RNA-seq could be important for understanding crista function and the markers identified in this study will enable the examination of their dynamics during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Wilkerson
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Heather L Zebroski
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Connor R Finkbeiner
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Alex D Chitsazan
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Kylie E Beach
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Nilasha Sen
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Renee C Zhang
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Olivia Bermingham-McDonogh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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Marcovich I, Moglie MJ, Carpaneto Freixas AE, Trigila AP, Franchini LF, Plazas PV, Lipovsek M, Elgoyhen AB. Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories of Neuronal and Hair Cell Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1070-1089. [PMID: 31821508 PMCID: PMC7086180 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion and pruning of ion channel families has played a crucial role in the evolution of nervous systems. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels with distinct roles in synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, the central and peripheral nervous system, and the inner ear. Remarkably, the complement of nAChR subunits has been highly conserved along vertebrate phylogeny. To ask whether the different subtypes of receptors underwent different evolutionary trajectories, we performed a comprehensive analysis of vertebrate nAChRs coding sequences, mouse single-cell expression patterns, and comparative functional properties of receptors from three representative tetrapod species. We found significant differences between hair cell and neuronal receptors that were most likely shaped by the differences in coexpression patterns and coassembly rules of component subunits. Thus, neuronal nAChRs showed high degree of coding sequence conservation, coupled to greater coexpression variance and conservation of functional properties across tetrapod clades. In contrast, hair cell α9α10 nAChRs exhibited greater sequence divergence, narrow coexpression pattern, and great variability of functional properties across species. These results point to differential substrates for random change within the family of gene paralogs that relate to the segregated roles of nAChRs in synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Marcovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Moglie
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín E Carpaneto Freixas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabella P Trigila
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia F Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola V Plazas
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Lipovsek
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Belén Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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43
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Wu M, Xia M, Li W, Li H. Single-Cell Sequencing Applications in the Inner Ear. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637779. [PMID: 33644075 PMCID: PMC7907461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics studies face specific challenges in the inner ear due to the multiple types and limited amounts of inner ear cells that are arranged in a very delicate structure. However, advances in single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology have made it possible to analyze gene expression variations across different cell types as well as within specific cell groups that were previously considered to be homogeneous. In this review, we summarize recent advances in inner ear research brought about by the use of SCS that have delineated tissue heterogeneity, identified unknown cell subtypes, discovered novel cell markers, and revealed dynamic signaling pathways during development. SCS opens up new avenues for inner ear research, and the potential of the technology is only beginning to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Borse V, Barton M, Arndt H, Kaur T, Warchol ME. Dynamic patterns of YAP1 expression and cellular localization in the developing and injured utricle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2140. [PMID: 33495483 PMCID: PMC7835353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a key regulator of tissue development and regeneration. Activation of the Hippo pathway leads to nuclear translocation of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, resulting in changes in gene expression and cell cycle entry. Recent studies have demonstrated the nuclear translocation of YAP1 during the development of the sensory organs of the inner ear, but the possible role of YAP1 in sensory regeneration of the inner ear is unclear. The present study characterized the cellular localization of YAP1 in the utricles of mice and chicks, both under normal conditions and after HC injury. During neonatal development, YAP1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of supporting cells, and was transiently expressed in the cytoplasm of some differentiating hair cells. We also observed temporary nuclear translocation of YAP1 in supporting cells of the mouse utricle after short periods in organotypic culture. However, little or no nuclear translocation of YAP1 was observed in the utricles of neonatal or mature mice after ototoxic injury. In contrast, substantial YAP1 nuclear translocation was observed in the chicken utricle after streptomycin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data suggest that differences in YAP1 signaling may partially account for the differing regenerative abilities of the avian vs. mammalian inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Matthew Barton
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Harry Arndt
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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45
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Qian X, He Z, Wang Y, Chen B, Hetrick A, Dai C, Chi F, Li H, Ren D. Hair cell uptake of gentamicin in the developing mouse utricle. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5235-5252. [PMID: 33368220 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intratympanic injection of gentamicin has proven to be an effective therapy for intractable vestibular dysfunction. However, most studies to date have focused on the cochlea, so little is known about the distribution and uptake of gentamicin by the counterpart of the auditory system, specifically vestibular hair cells (HCs). Here, with a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we used a gentamicin-Texas Red (GTTR) conjugate to investigate the mechanisms of gentamicin vestibulotoxicity in the developing mammalian utricular HCs. In vivo, GTTR fluorescence was concentrated in the apical cytoplasm and the cellular membrane of neonatal utricular HCs, but scarce in the nucleus of HCs and supporting cells. Quantitative analysis showed the GTTR uptake by striolar HCs was significantly higher than that in the extrastriola. In addition, the GTTR fluorescence intensity in the striola was increased gradually from 1 to 8 days, peaking at 8-9 days postnatally. In vitro, utricle explants were incubated with GTTR and candidate uptake conduits, including mechanotransduction (MET) channels and endocytosis in the HC, were inhibited separately. GTTR uptake by HCs could be inhibited by quinine, a blocker of MET channels, under both normal and stressed conditions. Meanwhile, endocytic inhibition only reduced GTTR uptake in the CoCl2 hypoxia model. In sum, the maturation of MET channels mediated uptake of GTTR into vestibular HCs. Under stressed conditions, MET channels play a pronounced role, manifested by channel-dependent stress enhanced GTTR permeation, while endocytosis participates in GTTR entry in a more selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Qian
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu He
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Binjun Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Alisa Hetrick
- Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Chunfu Dai
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglu Chi
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Dongdong Ren
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
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van der Valk WH, Steinhart MR, Zhang J, Koehler KR. Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:24-34. [PMID: 33318601 PMCID: PMC7853146 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While inner ear disorders are common, our ability to intervene and recover their sensory function is limited. In vitro models of the inner ear, like the organoid system, could aid in identifying new regenerative drugs and gene therapies. Here, we provide a perspective on the status of in vitro inner ear models and guidance on how to improve their applicability in translational research. We highlight the generation of inner ear cell types from pluripotent stem cells as a particularly promising focus of research. Several exciting recent studies have shown how the developmental signaling cues of embryonic and fetal development can be mimicked to differentiate stem cells into “inner ear organoids” containing otic progenitor cells, hair cells, and neurons. However, current differentiation protocols and our knowledge of embryonic and fetal inner ear development in general, have a bias toward the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. We propose that a more holistic view is needed to better model the inner ear in vitro. Moving forward, attention should be made to the broader diversity of neuroglial and mesenchymal cell types of the inner ear, and how they interact in space or time during development. With improved control of epithelial, neuroglial, and mesenchymal cell fate specification, inner ear organoids would have the ability to truly recapitulate neurosensory function and dysfunction. We conclude by discussing how single-cell atlases of the developing inner ear and technical innovations will be critical tools to advance inner ear organoid platforms for future pre-clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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47
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Ratzan EM, Moon AM, Deans MR. Fgf8 genetic labeling reveals the early specification of vestibular hair cell type in mouse utricle. Development 2020; 147:dev.192849. [PMID: 33046506 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
FGF8 signaling plays diverse roles in inner ear development, acting at multiple stages from otic placode induction to cellular differentiation in the organ of Corti. As a secreted morphogen with diverse functions, Fgf8 expression is likely to be spatially restricted and temporally dynamic throughout inner ear development. We evaluated these characteristics using genetic labeling mediated by Fgf8 mcm gene-targeted mice and determined that Fgf8 expression is a specific and early marker of Type-I vestibular hair cell identity. Fgf8 mcm expression initiates at E11.5 in the future striolar region of the utricle, labeling hair cells following EdU birthdating, and demonstrates that sub-type identity is determined shortly after terminal mitosis. This early fate specification is not apparent using markers or morphological criteria that are not present before birth in the mouse. Although analyses of Fgf8 conditional knockout mice did not reveal developmental phenotypes, the restricted pattern of Fgf8 expression suggests that functionally redundant FGF ligands may contribute to vestibular hair cell differentiation and supports a developmental model in which Type-I and Type-II hair cells develop in parallel rather than from an intermediate precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Ratzan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anne M Moon
- Departments of Molecular and Functional Genomics and Pediatrics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic and Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA 17822, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA .,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Sayyid ZN, Wang T, Chen L, Jones SM, Cheng AG. Atoh1 Directs Regeneration and Functional Recovery of the Mature Mouse Vestibular System. Cell Rep 2020; 28:312-324.e4. [PMID: 31291569 PMCID: PMC6659123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Utricular hair cells (HCs) are mechanoreceptors required for vestibular function. After damage, regeneration of mammalian utricular HCs is limited and regenerated HCs appear immature. Thus, loss of vestibular function is presumed irreversible. Here, we found partial HC replacement and functional recovery in the mature mouse utricle, both enhanced by overexpressing the transcription factor Atoh1. Following damage, long-term fate mapping revealed that support cells non-mitotically and modestly regenerated HCs displaying no or immature bundles. By contrast, Atoh1 overexpression stimulated proliferation and widespread regeneration of HCs exhibiting elongated bundles, patent mechanotransduction channels, and synaptic connections. Finally, although damage without Atoh1 overexpression failed to initiate or sustain a spontaneous functional recovery, Atoh1 overexpression significantly enhanced both the degree and percentage of animals exhibiting sustained functional recovery. Therefore, the mature, damaged utricle has an Atoh1-responsive regenerative program leading to functional recovery, underscoring the potential of a reprogramming approach to sensory regeneration. The mature mouse utricle, which detects linear acceleration, displays limited regeneration, but whether function returns is unknown. Sayyid et al. show that regenerated hair cells appear and mature over months, resulting in a limited, unsustained functional recovery. Atoh1 overexpression enhances regeneration and leads to a sustained recovery of vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra N Sayyid
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherri M Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Matern MS, Milon B, Lipford EL, McMurray M, Ogawa Y, Tkaczuk A, Song Y, Elkon R, Hertzano R. GFI1 functions to repress neuronal gene expression in the developing inner ear hair cells. Development 2020; 147:147/17/dev186015. [PMID: 32917668 PMCID: PMC7502595 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known importance of the transcription factors ATOH1, POU4F3 and GFI1 in hair cell development and regeneration, their downstream transcriptional cascades in the inner ear remain largely unknown. Here, we have used Gfi1cre;RiboTag mice to evaluate changes to the hair cell translatome in the absence of GFI1. We identify a systematic downregulation of hair cell differentiation genes, concomitant with robust upregulation of neuronal genes in the GFI1-deficient hair cells. This includes increased expression of neuronal-associated transcription factors (e.g. Pou4f1) as well as transcription factors that serve dual roles in hair cell and neuronal development (e.g. Neurod1, Atoh1 and Insm1). We further show that the upregulated genes are consistent with the NEUROD1 regulon and are normally expressed in hair cells prior to GFI1 onset. Additionally, minimal overlap of differentially expressed genes in auditory and vestibular hair cells suggests that GFI1 serves different roles in these systems. From these data, we propose a dual mechanism for GFI1 in promoting hair cell development, consisting of repression of neuronal-associated genes as well as activation of hair cell-specific genes required for normal functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S. Matern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Beatrice Milon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Erika L. Lipford
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark McMurray
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew Tkaczuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA .,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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50
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Ono K, Sandell LL, Trainor PA, Wu DK. Retinoic acid synthesis and autoregulation mediate zonal patterning of vestibular organs and inner ear morphogenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.192070. [PMID: 32665247 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A (retinol) derivative, has pleiotropic functions during embryonic development. The synthesis of RA requires two enzymatic reactions: oxidation of retinol into retinaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) or retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs); and oxidation of retinaldehyde into RA by aldehyde dehydrogenases family 1, subfamily A (ALDH1as), such as ALDH1a1, ALDH1a2 and ALDH1a3. Levels of RA in tissues are regulated by spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes encoding RA-synthesizing and -degrading enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 26 (Cyp26 genes). Here, we show that RDH10 is important for both sensory and non-sensory formation of the vestibule of the inner ear. Mice deficient in Rdh10 exhibit failure of utricle-saccule separation, otoconial formation and zonal patterning of vestibular sensory organs. These phenotypes are similar to those of Aldh1a3 knockouts, and the sensory phenotype is complementary to that of Cyp26b1 knockouts. Together, these results demonstrate that RDH10 and ALDH1a3 are the key RA-synthesis enzymes involved in vestibular development. Furthermore, we discovered that RA induces Cyp26b1 expression in the developing vestibular sensory organs, which generates the differential RA signaling required for zonal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ono
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40201, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Doris K Wu
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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