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Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Uribe ML, Dahlhoff M, Batra RN, Nataraj NB, Haga Y, Drago-Garcia D, Marrocco I, Sekar A, Ghosh S, Vaknin I, Lebon S, Kramarski L, Tsutsumi Y, Choi I, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Yarden Y. TSHZ2 is an EGF-regulated tumor suppressor that binds to the cytokinesis regulator PRC1 and inhibits metastasis. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe6156. [PMID: 34158398 PMCID: PMC7614343 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike early transcriptional responses to mitogens, later events are less well-characterized. Here, we identified delayed down-regulated genes (DDGs) in mammary cells after prolonged treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The expression of these DDGs was low in mammary tumors and correlated with prognosis. The proteins encoded by several DDGs directly bind to and inactivate oncoproteins and might therefore act as tumor suppressors. The transcription factor teashirt zinc finger homeobox 2 (TSHZ2) is encoded by a DDG, and we found that overexpression of TSHZ2 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and accelerated mammary gland development in mice. Although the gene TSHZ2 localizes to a locus (20q13.2) that is frequently amplified in breast cancer, we found that hypermethylation of its promoter correlated with down-regulation of TSHZ2 expression in patients. Yeast two-hybrid screens and protein-fragment complementation assays in mammalian cells indicated that TSHZ2 nucleated a multiprotein complex containing PRC1/Ase1, cyclin B1, and additional proteins that regulate cytokinesis. TSHZ2 increased the inhibitory phosphorylation of PRC1, a key driver of mitosis, mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, similar to the tumor suppressive transcription factor p53, TSHZ2 inhibited transcription from the PRC1 promoter. By recognizing DDGs as a distinct group in the transcriptional response to EGF, our findings uncover a group of tumor suppressors and reveal a role for TSHZ2 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Uribe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajbir N Batra
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nishanth B Nataraj
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuya Haga
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Diana Drago-Garcia
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Arunachalam Sekar
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itay Vaknin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sacha Lebon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Kramarski
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 306-809, South Korea
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Medina-Jiménez BI, Budd GE, Janssen R. Panarthropod tiptop/teashirt and spalt orthologs and their potential role as "trunk"-selector genes. EvoDevo 2021; 12:7. [PMID: 34078450 PMCID: PMC8173736 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, the homeodomain containing transcription factor Teashirt (Tsh) appears to specify trunk identity in concert with the function of the Hox genes. While in Drosophila there is a second gene closely related to tsh, called tiptop (tio), in other arthropods species only one copy exists (called tio/tsh). The expression of tsh and tio/tsh, respectively, is surprisingly similar among arthropods suggesting that its function as trunk selector gene may be conserved. Other research, for example on the beetle Tribolium castaneum, questions even conservation of Tsh function among insects. The zinc-finger transcription factor Spalt (Sal) is involved in the regulation of Drosophila tsh, but this regulatory interaction does not appear to be conserved in Tribolium either. Whether the function and interaction of tsh and sal as potential trunk-specifiers, however, is conserved is still unclear because comparative studies on sal expression (except for Tribolium) are lacking, and functional data are (if at all existing) restricted to Insecta. RESULTS Here, we provide additional data on arthropod tsh expression, show the first data on onychophoran tio/tsh expression, and provide a comprehensive investigation on sal expression patterns in arthropods and an onychophoran. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the idea that tio/tsh genes are involved in the development of "trunk" segments by regulating limb development. Our data suggest further that the function of Sal is indeed unlikely to be conserved in trunk vs head development like in Drosophila, but early expression of sal is in line with a potential homeotic function, at least in Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda I Medina-Jiménez
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Chaimowicz C, Ruffault PL, Chéret C, Woehler A, Zampieri N, Fortin G, Garratt AN, Birchmeier C. Teashirt 1 (Tshz1) is essential for the development, survival and function of hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons in mouse. Development 2019; 146:dev.174045. [PMID: 31427287 PMCID: PMC6765129 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Feeding and breathing are essential motor functions and rely on the activity of hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons that innervate the tongue and diaphragm, respectively. Little is known about the genetic programs that control the development of these neuronal subtypes. The transcription factor Tshz1 is strongly and persistently expressed in developing hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons. We used conditional mutation of Tshz1 in the progenitor zone of motor neurons (Tshz1MN Δ) to show that Tshz1 is essential for survival and function of hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons. Hypoglossal and phrenic motor neurons are born in correct numbers, but many die between embryonic day 13.5 and 14.5 in Tshz1MN Δ mutant mice. In addition, innervation and electrophysiological properties of phrenic and hypoglossal motor neurons are altered. Severe feeding and breathing problems accompany this developmental deficit. Although motor neuron survival can be rescued by elimination of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, innervation, feeding and breathing defects persist in Bax-/-; Tshz1MN Δ mutants. We conclude that Tshz1 is an essential transcription factor for the development and physiological function of phrenic and hypoglossal motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Chaimowicz
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Ruffault
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cyril Chéret
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Woehler
- Systems Biology Imaging, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Development and Function of Neural Circuits, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilles Fortin
- UMR9197, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alistair N Garratt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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5
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March LE, Smaby RM, Setton EVW, Sharma PP. The evolution of selector gene function: Expression dynamics and regulatory interactions of tiptop/teashirt across Arthropoda. Evol Dev 2018; 20:219-232. [PMID: 30221814 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors spineless (ss) and tiptop/teashirt (tio/tsh) have been shown to be selectors of distal appendage identity in an insect, but it is unknown how they regulate one another. Here, we examined the regulatory relationships between these two determinants in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus faciatus, using maternal RNA interference (RNAi). We show that Ofas-ss RNAi embryos bear distally transformed antennal buds with heterogeneous Ofas-tio/tsh expression domains comparable to wild type legs. In the reciprocal experiment, Ofas-tio/tsh RNAi embryos bear distally transformed walking limb buds with ectopic expression of Ofas-ss in the distal leg primordia. These data suggest that Ofas-ss is required for the maintenance of Ofas-tio/tsh expression in the distal antenna, whereas Ofas-tio/tsh represses Ofas-ss in the leg primordia. To assess whether expression boundaries of tio/tsh are associated with the trunk region more generally, we surveyed the expression of one myriapod and two chelicerate tio/tsh homologs. Our expression survey suggests that tio/tsh could play a role in specifying distal appendage identity across Arthropoda, but Hox regulation of tio/tsh homologs has been evolutionarily labile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan E March
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel M Smaby
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emily V W Setton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Loss of Intercalated Cells (ITCs) in the Mouse Amygdala of Tshz1 Mutants Correlates with Fear, Depression, and Social Interaction Phenotypes. J Neurosci 2017; 38:1160-1177. [PMID: 29255003 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1412-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated cells (ITCs) of the amygdala have been shown to be critical regulatory components of amygdalar circuits, which control appropriate fear responses. Despite this, the molecular processes guiding ITC development remain poorly understood. Here we establish the zinc finger transcription factor Tshz1 as a marker of ITCs during their migration from the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence through maturity. Using germline and conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse models, we show that Tshz1 is required for the proper migration and differentiation of ITCs. In the absence of Tshz1, migrating ITC precursors fail to settle in their stereotypical locations encapsulating the lateral amygdala and BLA. Furthermore, they display reductions in the ITC marker Foxp2 and ectopic persistence of the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence marker Sp8. Tshz1 mutant ITCs show increased cell death at postnatal time points, leading to a dramatic reduction by 3 weeks of age. In line with this, Foxp2-null mutants also show a loss of ITCs at postnatal time points, suggesting that Foxp2 may function downstream of Tshz1 in the maintenance of ITCs. Behavioral analysis of male Tshz1 cKOs revealed defects in fear extinction as well as an increase in floating during the forced swim test, indicative of a depression-like phenotype. Moreover, Tshz1 cKOs display significantly impaired social interaction (i.e., increased passivity) regardless of partner genetics. Together, these results suggest that Tshz1 plays a critical role in the development of ITCs and that fear, depression-like and social behavioral deficits arise in their absence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show here that the zinc finger transcription factor Tshz1 is expressed during development of the intercalated cells (ITCs) within the mouse amygdala. These neurons have previously been shown to play a crucial role in fear extinction. Tshz1 mouse mutants exhibit severely reduced numbers of ITCs as a result of abnormal migration, differentiation, and survival of these neurons. Furthermore, the loss of ITCs in mouse Tshz1 mutants correlates well with defects in fear extinction as well as the appearance of depression-like and abnormal social interaction behaviors reminiscent of depressive disorders observed in human patients with distal 18q deletions, including the Tshz1 locus.
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7
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Zhang C, Min L, Liu J, Tian W, Han Y, Qu L, Shou C. Integrated analysis identified an intestinal-like and a diffuse-like gene sets that predict gastric cancer outcome. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5454-7. [PMID: 27858295 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The two major histological types of gastric cancer, intestinal and diffuse subtypes, have distinct epidemiological and pathophysiological features and were also suggested to be of diverse clinical outcomes. Although the gene expression spectrum of gastric cancer subtypes has been reported by previous studies, its linkage with gastric cancer clinical features and outcomes remains elusive. We investigated large-sample online gastric cancer datasets for seeking genes correlated with the clinical diversities between gastric cancer intestinal and diffuse subtypes. Genes differently expressed between the two subtypes were assessed by multiple statistical analysis and were testified on cellular level by quantitative RT-PCR. Related genes were combined to generate a risk signature, and their mutual linkages were also explored. Among genes overexpressed in intestinal subtype, ATPIF1, PRDX2, PRKAR2A, and SMC1A were correlated with positive prognosis. Among genes overexpressed in diffuse subtype, DTNA, GPR161, IDS, RHOQ, and TSHZ2 were correlated with negative prognosis. These nine genes were all novel independent prognostic factors. When used in combination as signatures, these two gene sets displayed strong efficacy for prediction of the prognosis and clinical variables in gastric and colorectal cancer. Hence, these two genes sets were respectively defined as the favorable intestinal-like and adverse diffuse-like gene sets. We identified nine novel genes correlated with the clinical diversity between the intestinal and diffuse subtypes of gastric cancer. The malignant changes from the intestinal to diffuse subtype might be due to the reduction of the four intestinal-like genes, as well as the elevation of the five diffuse-like genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Li Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.
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8
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Parrilla M, Chang I, Degl'Innocenti A, Omura M. Expression of homeobox genes in the mouse olfactory epithelium. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2713-39. [PMID: 27243442 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox genes constitute a large family of genes widely studied because of their role in the establishment of the body pattern. However, they are also involved in many other events during development and adulthood. The main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is an excellent model to study neurogenesis in the adult nervous system. Analyses of homeobox genes during development show that some of these genes are involved in the formation and establishment of cell diversity in the MOE. Moreover, the mechanisms of expression of odorant receptors (ORs) constitute one of the biggest enigmas in the field. Analyses of OR promoters revealed the presence of homeodomain binding sites in their sequences. Here we characterize the expression patterns of a set of 49 homeobox genes in the MOE with in situ hybridization. We found that seven of them (Dlx3, Dlx5, Dlx6, Msx1, Meis1, Isl1, and Pitx1) are zonally expressed. The homeobox gene Emx1 is expressed in three guanylate cyclase(+) populations, two located in the MOE and the third one in an olfactory subsystem known as Grüneberg ganglion located at the entrance of the nasal cavity. The homeobox gene Tshz1 is expressed in a unique patchy pattern across the MOE. Our findings provide new insights to guide functional studies that aim to understand the complexity of transcription factor expression and gene regulation in the MOE. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2713-2739, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Parrilla
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Chang
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Masayo Omura
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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9
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Cheng THT, Thompson D, Painter J, O’Mara T, Gorman M, Martin L, Palles C, Jones A, Buchanan DD, Ko Win A, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Giles GG, Pharoah P, Peto J, Cox A, Swerdlow A, Couch F, Cunningham JM, Goode EL, Winham SJ, Lambrechts D, Fasching P, Burwinkel B, Brenner H, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Salvesen HB, Kristensen V, Darabi H, Li J, Liu T, Lindblom A, Hall P, de Polanco ME, Sans M, Carracedo A, Castellvi-Bel S, Rojas-Martinez A, Aguiar Jnr S, Teixeira MR, Dunning AM, Dennis J, Otton G, Proietto T, Holliday E, Attia J, Ashton K, Scott RJ, McEvoy M, Dowdy SC, Fridley BL, Werner HMJ, Trovik J, Njolstad TS, Tham E, Mints M, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Amant F, Schrauwen S, Hein A, Beckmann MW, Ekici A, Czene K, Meindl A, Bolla MK, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Wang Q, Ahmed S, Healey CS, Shah M, Annibali D, Depreeuw J, Al-Tassan NA, Harris R, Meyer BF, Whiffin N, Hosking FJ, Kinnersley B, Farrington SM, Timofeeva M, Tenesa A, Campbell H, Haile RW, Hodgson S, Carvajal-Carmona L, Cheadle JP, Easton D, Dunlop M, Houlston R, Spurdle A, Tomlinson I. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common susceptibility polymorphisms for colorectal and endometrial cancer near SH2B3 and TSHZ1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17369. [PMID: 26621817 PMCID: PMC4664893 DOI: 10.1038/srep17369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk mutations in several genes predispose to both colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer (EC). We therefore hypothesised that some lower-risk genetic variants might also predispose to both CRC and EC. Using CRC and EC genome-wide association series, totalling 13,265 cancer cases and 40,245 controls, we found that the protective allele [G] at one previously-identified CRC polymorphism, rs2736100 near TERT, was associated with EC risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, P = 0.000167); this polymorphism influences the risk of several other cancers. A further CRC polymorphism near TERC also showed evidence of association with EC (OR = 0.92; P = 0.03). Overall, however, there was no good evidence that the set of CRC polymorphisms was associated with EC risk, and neither of two previously-reported EC polymorphisms was associated with CRC risk. A combined analysis revealed one genome-wide significant polymorphism, rs3184504, on chromosome 12q24 (OR = 1.10, P = 7.23 × 10(-9)) with shared effects on CRC and EC risk. This polymorphism, a missense variant in the gene SH2B3, is also associated with haematological and autoimmune disorders, suggesting that it influences cancer risk through the immune response. Another polymorphism, rs12970291 near gene TSHZ1, was associated with both CRC and EC (OR = 1.26, P = 4.82 × 10(-8)), with the alleles showing opposite effects on the risks of the two cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy HT Cheng
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jodie Painter
- The Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Tracy O’Mara
- The Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Angela Jones
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK and 17 Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Peter Fasching
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Ahus, Norway
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Echeverry de Polanco
- Grupo de investigación Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Monica Sans
- Departamento de Antropologia Biologica, Facultad de Humanidades, UDELAR, Magallanes 1577, CP 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostel, R/ San Francisco s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer Group, Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Team, IDIBAPS/CIBERehd/Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz (CEK), Rosselló 153 planta 4, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics and IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal, and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Geoffrey Otton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Proietto
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie Ashton
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Henrica MJ Werner
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormund S Njolstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Clinics of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederic Amant
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nada A. Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O.Box 3354, Riyadh11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Brian F. Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O.Box 3354, Riyadh11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Fay J Hosking
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Albert Tenesa
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Cancer Genetics, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Luis Carvajal-Carmona
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Cheadle
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- The Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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10
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Simon JM, Parker JS, Liu F, Rothbart SB, Ait-Si-Ali S, Strahl BD, Jin J, Davis IJ, Mosley AL, Pattenden SG. A Role for Widely Interspaced Zinc Finger (WIZ) in Retention of the G9a Methyltransferase on Chromatin. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26088-102. [PMID: 26338712 PMCID: PMC4646261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G9a and GLP lysine methyltransferases form a heterodimeric complex that is responsible for the majority of histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methylation (H3K9me1/me2). Widely interspaced zinc finger (WIZ) associates with the G9a-GLP protein complex, but its role in mediating lysine methylation is poorly defined. Here, we show that WIZ regulates global H3K9me2 levels by facilitating the interaction of G9a with chromatin. Disrupting the association of G9a-GLP with chromatin by depleting WIZ resulted in altered gene expression and protein-protein interactions that were distinguishable from that of small molecule-based inhibition of G9a/GLP, supporting discrete functions of the G9a-GLP-WIZ chromatin complex in addition to H3K9me2 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Simon
- From the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and the Department of Genetics, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joel S Parker
- the Department of Genetics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Feng Liu
- the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Scott B Rothbart
- the Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- the Laboratoire Epigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, UMR7216, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Brian D Strahl
- the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jian Jin
- the Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, the Department of Oncological Sciences, and the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ian J Davis
- the Department of Genetics, the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Department of Pediatrics, and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
| | - Amber L Mosley
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Samantha G Pattenden
- the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,
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11
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Owen JH, Wagner DE, Chen CC, Petersen CP, Reddien PW. teashirt is required for head-versus-tail regeneration polarity in planarians. Development 2015; 142:1062-72. [PMID: 25725068 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration requires that the identities of new cells are properly specified to replace missing tissues. The Wnt signaling pathway serves a central role in specifying posterior cell fates during planarian regeneration. We identified a gene encoding a homolog of the Teashirt family of zinc-finger proteins in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea to be a target of Wnt signaling in intact animals and at posterior-facing wounds. Inhibition of Smed-teashirt (teashirt) by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in the regeneration of heads in place of tails, a phenotype previously observed with RNAi of the Wnt pathway genes β-catenin-1, wnt1, Dvl-1/2 or wntless. teashirt was required for β-catenin-1-dependent activation of posterior genes during regeneration. These findings identify teashirt as a transcriptional target of Wnt signaling required for Wnt-mediated specification of posterior blastemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared H Owen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT Biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel E Wagner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT Biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT Biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian P Petersen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT Biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Hogan Hall Room 2-144, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Peter W Reddien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT Biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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12
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Denholm B, Hu N, Fauquier T, Caubit X, Fasano L, Skaer H. The tiptop/teashirt genes regulate cell differentiation and renal physiology in Drosophila. Development 2013; 140:1100-10. [PMID: 23404107 PMCID: PMC3583044 DOI: 10.1242/dev.088989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological activities of organs are underpinned by an interplay between the distinct cell types they contain. However, little is known about the genetic control of patterned cell differentiation during organ development. We show that the conserved Teashirt transcription factors are decisive for the differentiation of a subset of secretory cells, stellate cells, in Drosophila melanogaster renal tubules. Teashirt controls the expression of the water channel Drip, the chloride conductance channel CLC-a and the Leukokinin receptor (LKR), all of which characterise differentiated stellate cells and are required for primary urine production and responsiveness to diuretic stimuli. Teashirt also controls a dramatic transformation in cell morphology, from cuboidal to the eponymous stellate shape, during metamorphosis. teashirt interacts with cut, which encodes a transcription factor that underlies the differentiation of the primary, principal secretory cells, establishing a reciprocal negative-feedback loop that ensures the full differentiation of both cell types. Loss of teashirt leads to ineffective urine production, failure of homeostasis and premature lethality. Stellate cell-specific expression of the teashirt paralogue tiptop, which is not normally expressed in larval or adult stellate cells, almost completely rescues teashirt loss of expression from stellate cells. We demonstrate conservation in the expression of the family of tiptop/teashirt genes in lower insects and establish conservation in the targets of Teashirt transcription factors in mouse embryonic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Denholm
- Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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13
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A dissection of the teashirt and tiptop genes reveals a novel mechanism for regulating transcription factor activity. Dev Biol 2011; 360:391-402. [PMID: 22019301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the Drosophila eye the retinal determination (RD) network controls both tissue specification and cell proliferation. Mutations in network members result in severe reductions in the size of the eye primordium and the transformation of the eye field into head cuticle. The zinc-finger transcription factor Teashirt (Tsh) plays a role in promoting cell proliferation in the anterior most portions of the eye field as well as in inducing ectopic eye formation in forced expression assays. Tiptop (Tio) is a recently discovered paralog of Tsh. It is distributed in an identical pattern to Tsh within the retina and can also promote ectopic eye development. In a previous study we demonstrated that Tio can induce ectopic eye formation in a broader range of cell populations than Tsh and is also a more potent inducer of cell proliferation. Here we have focused on understanding the molecular and biochemical basis that underlies these differences. The two paralogs are structurally similar but differ in one significant aspect: Tsh contains three zinc finger motifs while Tio has four such domains. We used a series of deletion and chimeric proteins to identify the zinc finger domains that are selectively used for either promoting cell proliferation or inducing eye formation. Our results indicate that for both proteins the second zinc finger is essential to the proper functioning of the protein while the remaining zinc finger domains appear to contribute but are not absolutely required. Interestingly, these domains antagonize each other to balance the overall activity of the protein. This appears to be a novel internal mechanism for regulating the activity of a transcription factor. We also demonstrate that both Tsh and Tio bind to C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP) and that this interaction is important for promoting both cell proliferation and eye development. And finally we report that the physical interaction that has been described for Tsh and Homothorax (Hth) do not occur through the zinc finger domains.
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14
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Erickson T, Pillay LM, Waskiewicz AJ. Zebrafish Tshz3b negatively regulates Hox function in the developing hindbrain. Genesis 2011; 49:725-42. [PMID: 21714061 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In flies, the zinc-finger protein Teashirt promotes trunk segmental identities, in part, by repressing the expression and function of anterior hox paralog group (PG) 1-4 genes that specify head fates. Anterior-posterior patterning of the vertebrate hindbrain also requires Hox PG 1-4 function, but the role of vertebrate teashirt-related genes in this process has not been investigated. In this work, we use overexpression and structure-function analyses to show that zebrafish tshz3b antagonizes Hox-dependent hindbrain segmentation. Ectopic Tshz3b perturbs the specification of rhombomere identities and leads to the caudal expansion of r1, the only rhombomere whose identity is specified independently of Hox function. This overexpression phenotype does not require the homeodomain and C-terminal zinc fingers that are unique to vertebrate Teashirt-related proteins, but does require that Tshz3b function as a repressor. Together, these results argue that the negative regulation of Hox PG 1-4 function is a conserved characteristic of Teashirt-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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15
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Faralli H, Martin E, Coré N, Liu QC, Filippi P, Dilworth FJ, Caubit X, Fasano L. Teashirt-3, a novel regulator of muscle differentiation, associates with BRG1-associated factor 57 (BAF57) to inhibit myogenin gene expression. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23498-510. [PMID: 21543328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult muscles and under normal physiological conditions, satellite cells are found in a quiescent state but can be induced to enter the cell cycle by signals resulting from exercise, injury-induced muscle regeneration, or specific disease states. Once activated, satellite cells proliferate, self-renew, and differentiate to form myofibers. In the present study, we found that the zinc finger-containing factor Teashirt-3 (TSHZ3) was expressed in quiescent satellite cells of adult mouse skeletal muscles. We showed that following treatment with cardiotoxin TSHZ3 was strongly expressed in satellite cells of regenerating muscles. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis indicated that TSHZ3 was expressed in both quiescent and activated satellite cells on intact myofibers in culture. TSHZ3 expression was maintained in myoblasts but disappeared with myotube formation. In C2C12 myoblasts, we showed that overexpression of Tshz3 impaired myogenic differentiation and promoted the down-regulation of myogenin (Myog) and up-regulation of paired-box factor 7 (Pax7). Moreover, knockdown experiments revealed a selective effect of Tshz3 on Myog regulation, and transcriptional reporter experiments indicated that TSHZ3 repressed Myog promoter. We identified the BRG1-associated factor 57 (BAF57), a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, as a partner of TSHZ3. We showed that TSHZ3 cooperated with BAF57 to repress MYOD-dependent Myog expression. These results suggest a novel mechanism for transcriptional repression by TSHZ3 in which TSHZ3 and BAF57 cooperate to modulate MyoD activity on the Myog promoter to regulate skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Faralli
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille Luminy, UMR 6216, CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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16
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Yamamoto M, Cid E, Bru S, Yamamoto F. Rare and frequent promoter methylation, respectively, of TSHZ2 and 3 genes that are both downregulated in expression in breast and prostate cancers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17149. [PMID: 21423795 PMCID: PMC3056709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplastic cells harbor both hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions of
DNA. Whereas hypomethylation is found mainly in repeat sequences, regional
hypermethylation has been linked to the transcriptional silencing of certain
tumor suppressor genes. We attempted to search for candidate genes involved
in breast/prostate carcinogenesis, using the criteria that they should be
expressed in primary cultures of normal breast/prostate epithelial cells but
are frequently downregulated in breast/prostate cancer cell lines and that
their promoters are hypermethylated. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified several dozens of candidates among 194 homeobox and related
genes using Systematic Multiplex RT-PCR and among 23,000 known genes and
23,000 other expressed sequences in the human genome by DNA microarray
hybridization. An additional examination, by real-time
qRT-PCR of clinical specimens of breast cancer, further narrowed the list of
the candidates. Among them, the most frequently downregulated genes in
tumors were NP_775756 and ZNF537, from the homeobox gene search and the
genome-wide search, respectively. To our surprise, we later discovered that
these genes belong to the same gene family, the 3-member Teashirt family,
bearing the new names of TSHZ2 and TSHZ3. We subsequently determined the
methylation status of their gene promoters. The TSHZ3 gene promoter was
found to be methylated in all the breast/prostate cancer cell lines and some
of the breast cancer clinical specimens analyzed. The TSHZ2 gene promoter,
on the other hand, was unmethylated except for the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer
cell line. The TSHZ1 gene was always expressed, and its promoter was
unmethylated in all cases. Conclusions/Significance TSHZ2 and TSHZ3 genes turned out to be the most interesting candidates for
novel tumor suppressor genes. Expression of both genes is downregulated.
However, differential promoter methylation suggests the existence of
distinctive mechanisms of transcriptional inactivation for these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Yamamoto
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
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17
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Hoang CQ, Burnett ME, Curtiss J. Drosophila CtBP regulates proliferation and differentiation of eye precursors and complexes with Eyeless, Dachshund, Dan, and Danr during eye and antennal development. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:2367-85. [PMID: 20730908 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Specification factors regulate cell fate in part by interacting with transcriptional co-regulators like CtBP to regulate gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that CtBP forms a complex or complexes with the Drosophila melanogaster Pax6 homolog Eyeless (Ey), and with Distal antenna (Dan), Distal antenna related (Danr), and Dachshund to promote eye and antennal specification. Phenotypic analysis together with molecular data indicate that CtBP interacts with Ey to prevent overproliferation of eye precursors. In contrast, CtBP,dan,danr triple mutant adult eyes have significantly fewer ommatidia than CtBP single or dan,danr double mutants, suggesting that the CtBP/Dan/Danr complex functions to recruit ommatidia from the eye precursor pool. Furthermore, CtBP single and to a greater extent CtBP,dan,danr triple mutants affect the establishment and maintenance of the R8 precursor, which is the founding ommatidial cell. Thus, CtBP interacts with different eye specification factors to regulate gene expression appropriate for proliferative vs. differentiative stages of eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Q Hoang
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
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18
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Santos JS, Fonseca NA, Vieira CP, Vieira J, Casares F. Phylogeny of the teashirt-related zinc finger (tshz) gene family and analysis of the developmental expression of tshz2 and tshz3b in the zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1010-8. [PMID: 20108322 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tshz genes comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors. However, despite the major role played by Drosophila tsh during the development of the fruit fly, the expression and function of other tshz genes have been analyzed in a very limited set of organisms and, therefore, our current knowledge of these genes is still fragmentary. In this study, we perform detailed phylogenetic analyses of the tshz genes, identify the members of this gene family in zebrafish and describe the developmental expressions of two of them, tshz2 and tshz3b, and compare them with meis1, meis2.1, meis2.2, pax6a, and pax6b expression patterns. The expression patterns of these genes define a complex set of coexpression domains in the developing zebrafish brain where their gene products have the potential to interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Santos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO, Sevilla, Spain
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19
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Serb JM, Orr MC, West Greenlee MH. Using evolutionary conserved modules in gene networks as a strategy to leverage high throughput gene expression queries. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12525. [PMID: 20824082 PMCID: PMC2932711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale gene expression studies have not yielded the expected insight into genetic networks that control complex processes. These anticipated discoveries have been limited not by technology, but by a lack of effective strategies to investigate the data in a manageable and meaningful way. Previous work suggests that using a pre-determined seed-network of gene relationships to query large-scale expression datasets is an effective way to generate candidate genes for further study and network expansion or enrichment. Based on the evolutionary conservation of gene relationships, we test the hypothesis that a seed network derived from studies of retinal cell determination in the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, will be an effective way to identify novel candidate genes for their role in mouse retinal development. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that a number of gene relationships regulating retinal cell differentiation in the fly are identifiable as pairwise correlations between genes from developing mouse retina. In addition, we demonstrate that our extracted seed-network of correlated mouse genes is an effective tool for querying datasets and provides a context to generate hypotheses. Our query identified 46 genes correlated with our extracted seed-network members. Approximately 54% of these candidates had been previously linked to the developing brain and 33% had been previously linked to the developing retina. Five of six candidate genes investigated further were validated by experiments examining spatial and temporal protein expression in the developing retina. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present an effective strategy for pursuing a systems biology approach that utilizes an evolutionary comparative framework between two model organisms, fly and mouse. Future implementation of this strategy will be useful to determine the extent of network conservation, not just gene conservation, between species and will facilitate the use of prior biological knowledge to develop rational systems-based hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Serb
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
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20
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Teashirt 3 regulates development of neurons involved in both respiratory rhythm and airflow control. J Neurosci 2010; 30:9465-76. [PMID: 20631175 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1765-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal breathing in mammals involves multiple neuronal circuits, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Mice deficient for the zinc finger protein Teashirt 3 (TSHZ3) fail to breathe and die at birth. Tshz3 is expressed in multiple areas of the brainstem involved in respiration, including the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), the embryonic parafacial respiratory group (e-pF), and cranial motoneurons that control the upper airways. Tshz3 inactivation led to pronounced cell death of motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus and induced strong alterations of rhythmogenesis in the e-pF oscillator. In contrast, the preBötC oscillator appeared to be unaffected. These deficits result in impaired upper airway function, abnormal central respiratory rhythm generation, and altered responses to pH changes. Thus, a single gene, Tshz3, controls the development of diverse components of the circuitry required for breathing.
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21
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Zhao B, Li L, Lei Q, Guan KL. The Hippo-YAP pathway in organ size control and tumorigenesis: an updated version. Genes Dev 2010; 24:862-74. [PMID: 20439427 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1909210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 908] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is gaining recognition as an important player in both organ size control and tumorigenesis, which are physiological and pathological processes that share common cellular signaling mechanisms. Upon activation by stimuli such as high cell density in cell culture, the Hippo pathway kinase cascade phosphorylates and inhibits the Yes-associated protein (YAP)/TAZ transcription coactivators representing the major signaling output of the pathway. Altered gene expression resulting from YAP/TAZ inhibition affects cell number by repressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis, thereby limiting organ size. Recent studies have provided new insights into the Hippo signaling pathway, elucidating novel phosphorylation-dependent and independent mechanisms of YAP/Yki inhibition by the Hippo pathway, new Hippo pathway components, novel YAP target transcription factors and target genes, and the three-dimensional structure of the YAP-TEAD complex, and providing further evidence for the involvement of YAP and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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22
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Jenkins D, Caubit X, Dimovski A, Matevska N, Lye CM, Cabuk F, Gucev Z, Tasic V, Fasano L, Woolf AS. Analysis of TSHZ2 and TSHZ3 genes in congenital pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:54-60. [PMID: 19745106 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) affects 0.3% of human births. It may result from aberrant smooth muscle development in the renal pelvis, resulting in hydronephrosis. Mice that are null mutant for the Teashirt3 (Tshz3) gene exhibit congenital PUJO with defective smooth muscle differentiation and absent peristalsis in the proximal ureter. METHODS Given the phenotype of Tshz3 mutant mice, we considered that Teashirt genes, which code for a family of transcription factors, might represent candidate genes for human PUJO. To evaluate this possibility, we used in situ hydridization to analyse the three mammalian Tshz genes in mouse embryonic ureters and determined whether TSHZ3 was expressed in the human embryonic ureter. TSHZ2 and TSHZ3 were sequenced in index cases with non-syndromic PUJO. RESULTS Tshz2 and Tshz3 genes were detected in mouse ureters and TSHZ3 was expressed in the human embryonic renal pelvis. Direct sequencing of TSHZ2 and TSHZ3 did not identify any mutations in an initial cohort of 48 PUJO index cases, excluding these genes as a major cause of this condition. A polymorphic missense change (E469G) in TSHZ3 was identified at a residue highly conserved throughout evolution in all Teashirt proteins, although subsequently no significant difference between the E469G allele frequency in Albanian and Macedonian PUJO index cases (3.2%) versus 633 control individuals (1.7%) was found (P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Mutations in TSHZ2 and TSHZ3 are not a major cause of PUJO, at least in Albanian and Macedonian populations. Expression of these genes in the human fetal ureter emphasizes the importance of analysing these genes in other groups of patients with renal tract malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Jenkins
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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23
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Lye CM, Fasano L, Woolf AS. Ureter myogenesis: putting Teashirt into context. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 21:24-30. [PMID: 19926888 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
After the basic shape of the mammalian ureter is established, its epithelia mature and a coat of smooth muscle cells differentiate around nascent urothelia. The ureter actively propels tubular fluid from the renal pelvis to the bladder, and this peristalsis, which starts in the fetal period, requires coordinated smooth muscle contraction. Teashirt-3 (Tshz3) is expressed in smooth muscle cell precursors that form the wall of the forming mammalian ureter. The Teashirt gene family was first identified in Drosophila where Teashirt (Tsh) protein acts as a transcription factor directing embryonic anterior-posterior patterning and leg and eye development. In fly embryonic renal tubules, Tsh is expressed in mesodermally derived stellate cells intercalating between principal cells, and a paralogue, tiptop, is expressed in forming tubules. Teashirt is a component of several gene networks in flies and it is notable that similar networks control mammalian renal tract development. Null mutation of Tshz3 in mice leads to failure of functional muscularization in the top of the ureter and this is followed by congenital hydronephrosis. A signaling pathway can be envisaged, starting with sonic hedgehog secreted by the nascent ureteric urothelium and ending with ureteric smooth muscle cell differentiation, with Tshz3 downstream of bone morphogenetic protein 4 and upstream of myocardin and smooth muscle cell contractile protein synthesis. The phenotype of Tshz3 mutant mice resembles that of human congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction, and we suggest these individuals may have mutations of genes encoding molecules in the differentiation pathway mediated by Tshz3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Lye
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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24
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Kajiwara Y, Akram A, Katsel P, Haroutunian V, Schmeidler J, Beecham G, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Buxbaum JD. FE65 binds Teashirt, inhibiting expression of the primate-specific caspase-4. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5071. [PMID: 19343227 PMCID: PMC2660419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer disease (AD) amyloid protein precursor (APP) can bind the FE65 adaptor protein and this complex can regulate gene expression. We carried out yeast two-hybrid studies with a PTB domain of FE65, focusing on those genes that might be involved in nuclear signaling, and identified and validated Teashirt proteins as FE65 interacting proteins in neurons. Using reporter systems, we observed that FE65 could simultaneously recruit SET, a component of the inhibitor of acetyl transferase, and Teashirt, which in turn recruited histone deacetylases, to produce a powerful gene-silencing complex. We screened stable cell lines with a macroarray focusing on AD-related genes and identified CASP4, encoding caspase-4, as a target of this silencing complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed a direct interaction of FE65 and Teashirt3 with the promoter region of CASP4. Expression studies in postmortem samples demonstrated decreasing expression of Teashirt and increasing expression of caspase-4 with progressive cognitive decline. Importantly, there were significant increases in caspase-4 expression associated with even the earliest neuritic plaque changes in AD. We evaluated a case-control cohort and observed evidence for a genetic association between the Teashirt genes TSHZ1 and TSHZ3 and AD, with the TSHZ3 SNP genotype correlating with expression of Teashirt3. The results were consistent with a model in which reduced expression of Teashirt3, mediated by genetic or other causes, increases caspase-4 expression, leading to progression of AD. Thus the cell biological, gene expression and genetic data support a role for Teashirt/caspase-4 in AD biology. As caspase-4 shows evidence of being a primate-specific gene, current models of AD and other neurodegenerative conditions may be incomplete because of the absence of this gene in the murine genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kajiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Afia Akram
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary Beecham
- Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Bessa J, Carmona L, Casares F. Zinc-finger paralogues tsh and tio are functionally equivalent during imaginal development in Drosophila and maintain their expression levels through auto- and cross-negative feedback loops. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:19-28. [PMID: 19097089 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
teashirt (tsh) and tiptop (tio) are two Drosophila gene paralogues encoding zinc-finger transcription factors. While tsh is an important developmental regulator, tio null individuals are viable and fertile. Here, we show that tio and tsh have coincident expression domains in the imaginal discs, the precursors of the adult body, and that both genes show similar functional properties when expressed ectopically. Furthermore, tio is able to rescue the development of tsh mutants, indicating that both genes are functionally equivalent during imaginal development. Of interest, the transcriptional regulation of tio and tsh is linked by a negative feedback loop. This mechanism might be required to maintain a tight control on the total levels of tio/tsh and could help explaining why Drosophila keeps an apparently dispensable gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bessa
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Campus UPO, Seville, Spain
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26
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Caubit X, Lye CM, Martin E, Coré N, Long DA, Vola C, Jenkins D, Garratt AN, Skaer H, Woolf AS, Fasano L. Teashirt 3 is necessary for ureteral smooth muscle differentiation downstream of SHH and BMP4. Development 2009; 135:3301-10. [PMID: 18776146 DOI: 10.1242/dev.022442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ureteric contractions propel foetal urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Here, we show that mouse ureteric smooth muscle cell (SMC) precursors express the transcription factor teashirt 3 (TSHZ3), and that Tshz3-null mutant mice have congenital hydronephrosis without anatomical obstruction. Ex vivo, the spontaneous contractions that occurred in proximal segments of wild-type embryonic ureter explants were absent in Tshz3 mutant ureters. In vivo, prior to the onset of hydronephrosis, mutant proximal ureters failed to express contractile SMC markers, whereas these molecules were detected in controls. Mutant embryonic ureters expressed Shh and Bmp4 transcripts as normal, with appropriate expression of Ptch1 and pSMAD1/5/8 in target SM precursors, whereas myocardin, a key regulator for SMC differentiation, was not expressed in Tshz3-null ureters. In wild-type embryonic renal tract explants, exogenous BMP4 upregulated Tshz3 and myocardin expression. More interestingly, in Tshz3 mutant renal tract explants, exogenous BMP4 did not improve the Tshz3 phenotype. Thus, Tshz3 is required for proximal ureteric SMC differentiation downstream of SHH and BMP4. Furthermore, the Tshz3 mutant mouse model of ;functional' urinary obstruction resembles congenital pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, a common human malformation, suggesting that TSHZ, or related, gene variants may contribute to this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caubit
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR6216, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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27
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Shippy TD, Tomoyasu Y, Nie W, Brown SJ, Denell RE. Do teashirt family genes specify trunk identity? Insights from the single tiptop/teashirt homolog of Tribolium castaneum. Dev Genes Evol 2008; 218:141-52. [PMID: 18392876 PMCID: PMC2292478 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-008-0212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila teashirt gene acts in concert with the homeotic selector (Hox) genes to specify trunk (thorax and abdomen) identity. There has been speculation that this trunk-specifying function might be very ancient, dating back to the common ancestor of insects and vertebrates. However, other evidence suggests that the role of teashirt in trunk identity is not well conserved even within the Insecta. To address this issue, we have analyzed the function of Tc-tiotsh, the lone teashirt family member in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Although Tc-tiotsh is important for aspects of both embryonic and imaginal development including some trunk features, we find no evidence that it acts as a trunk identity gene. We discuss this finding in the context of recent insights into the evolution and function of the Drosophila teashirt family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa D Shippy
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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28
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Caubit X, Tiveron MC, Cremer H, Fasano L. Expression patterns of the three Teashirt-related genes define specific boundaries in the developing and postnatal mouse forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2008; 486:76-88. [PMID: 15834955 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We compare the expression patterns of the three mouse Teashirt (mTsh) genes during development of the forebrain and at a postnatal stage. During development, mTsh genes are expressed in domains that are restricted both dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally, with major changes in expression level coinciding with compartment boundaries. Striking complementarities in the distribution of mTsh transcripts were observed in the developing diencephalon, telencephalon, and olfactory bulb (OB). A mTsh1-positive cell population is part of the DLX-positive population localized in the dorsalmost portion of the lateral ganglionic eminence (dLGE). Comparison of the mTsh1 expression domain with the domains of Er81 and Islet1, which mark two distinct progenitor populations in the subventricular zone of the LGE, suggests that mTsh1 marks OB interneuron progenitors. Furthermore, the distinct expression patterns of mTsh1 and mTsh2 in the ventral LGE and the dLGE highlight the differential contributions of these structures to the striatum and the amydaloid complex. For Sey/Sey mutants, we show that Pax6 function is critical for the correct specification of the mTsh1+ population in the dLGE during embryogenesis. At postnatal stages in the OB, mTsh1 is expressed in granule and periglomerular cells, which originate from the subpallium during development. Furthermore, mTsh1+ cells line the walls of the anterior lateral ventricle, a region that gives rise to the interneurons that migrate in the rostral migratory streams and populate the OB postnatally. Our results suggest a role for mTsh genes in the establishment of regional identity and specification of cell types in the developing and adult forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caubit
- Laboratoire de génétique et de physiologie du développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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29
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Holland PWH, Booth HAF, Bruford EA. Classification and nomenclature of all human homeobox genes. BMC Biol 2007; 5:47. [PMID: 17963489 PMCID: PMC2211742 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-5-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The homeobox genes are a large and diverse group of genes, many of which play important roles in the embryonic development of animals. Increasingly, homeobox genes are being compared between genomes in an attempt to understand the evolution of animal development. Despite their importance, the full diversity of human homeobox genes has not previously been described. Results We have identified all homeobox genes and pseudogenes in the euchromatic regions of the human genome, finding many unannotated, incorrectly annotated, unnamed, misnamed or misclassified genes and pseudogenes. We describe 300 human homeobox loci, which we divide into 235 probable functional genes and 65 probable pseudogenes. These totals include 3 genes with partial homeoboxes and 13 pseudogenes that lack homeoboxes but are clearly derived from homeobox genes. These figures exclude the repetitive DUX1 to DUX5 homeobox sequences of which we identified 35 probable pseudogenes, with many more expected in heterochromatic regions. Nomenclature is established for approximately 40 formerly unnamed loci, reflecting their evolutionary relationships to other loci in human and other species, and nomenclature revisions are proposed for around 30 other loci. We use a classification that recognizes 11 homeobox gene 'classes' subdivided into 102 homeobox gene 'families'. Conclusion We have conducted a comprehensive survey of homeobox genes and pseudogenes in the human genome, described many new loci, and revised the classification and nomenclature of homeobox genes. The classification scheme may be widely applicable to homeobox genes in other animal genomes and will facilitate comparative genomics of this important gene superclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W H Holland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
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30
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Taghli-Lamallem O, Gallet A, Leroy F, Malapert P, Vola C, Kerridge S, Fasano L. Direct interaction between Teashirt and Sex combs reduced proteins, via Tsh's acidic domain, is essential for specifying the identity of the prothorax in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2007; 307:142-51. [PMID: 17524390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
teashirt (tsh) encodes a zinc-finger protein that is thought to be part of a network that contributes to regionalization of the Drosophila embryo and establishes the domains of Hox protein function. tsh and the Hox gene Sex combs reduced (Scr) are essential to establish the identity of the first thoracic segment. We used the development of the first thoracic segment as a paradigm for Scr dependent regional morphological distinctions. In this specific context, we asked whether Tsh protein could have a direct influence on Scr activity. Here we present evidence that Tsh interacts directly with Scr and this interaction depends in part on the presence of a short domain located in the N-terminal half of Teashirt called "acidic domain". In vivo, expression of full length Tsh can rescue the tsh null phenotype throughout the trunk whereas Tsh lacking the Scr interacting domain rescues all the trunk defects except in the prothorax. We suggest this provides insights into the mechanism by which Tsh, in concert with Scr, specifies the prothoracic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- The Burnham Institute, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, Building 7 room 7125, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Coré N, Caubit X, Metchat A, Boned A, Djabali M, Fasano L. Tshz1 is required for axial skeleton, soft palate and middle ear development in mice. Dev Biol 2007; 308:407-20. [PMID: 17586487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Tshz gene family encode putative zinc fingers transcription factors that are broadly expressed during mouse embryogenesis. Tshz1 is detected from E9.5 in the somites, the spinal cord, the limb buds and the branchial arches. In order to assess the function of Tshz1 during mouse development, we generated Tshz1-deficient mice. Tshz1 inactivation leads to neonatal lethality and causes multiple developmental defects. In the craniofacial region, loss of Tshz1 function leads to specific malformations of middle ear components, including the malleus and the tympanic ring. Tshz1(-/-) mice exhibited Hox-like vertebral malformations and homeotic transformations in the cervical and thoracic regions, suggesting that Tshz1 and Hox genes are involved in common pathways to control skeletal morphogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that Tshz1 is required for the development of the soft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coré
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR6216, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, F-13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.
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32
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Onai T, Matsuo-Takasaki M, Inomata H, Aramaki T, Matsumura M, Yakura R, Sasai N, Sasai Y. XTsh3 is an essential enhancing factor of canonical Wnt signaling in Xenopus axial determination. EMBO J 2007; 26:2350-60. [PMID: 17431396 PMCID: PMC1864982 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Xenopus, an asymmetric distribution of Wnt activity that follows cortical rotation in the fertilized egg leads to the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis establishment. However, how a clear DV polarity develops from the initial difference in Wnt activity still remains elusive. We report here that the Teashirt-class Zn-finger factor XTsh3 plays an essential role in dorsal determination by enhancing canonical Wnt signaling. Knockdown of the XTsh3 function causes ventralization in the Xenopus embryo. Both in vivo and in vitro studies show that XTsh3 substantially enhances Wnt signaling activity in a beta-catenin-dependent manner. XTsh3 cooperatively promotes the formation of a secondary axis on the ventral side when combined with weak Wnt activity, whereas XTsh3 alone has little axis-inducing ability. Furthermore, Wnt1 requires XTsh3 for its dorsalizing activity in vivo. Immunostaining and protein analyses indicate that XTsh3 is a nuclear protein that physically associates with beta-catenin and efficiently increases the level of beta-catenin in the nucleus. We discuss the role of XTsh3 as an essential amplifying factor of canonical Wnt signaling in embryonic dorsal determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Onai
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuo-Takasaki
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Inomata
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiru Matsumura
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rieko Yakura
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sasai
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
- Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. Tel.: +81 78 306 1841; Fax +81 78 306 1854; E-mail:
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33
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Manfroid I, Caubit X, Marcelle C, Fasano L. Teashirt 3 expression in the chick embryo reveals a remarkable association with tendon development. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 6:908-12. [PMID: 16631416 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila teashirt (tsh) is involved in the patterning of the trunk identity together with the Hox genes. In addition, it is also a player in the Wingless and the Hedgehog pathways. In birds and mammals, three Tshz genes are identified and the expression patterns for mouse Tshz1 and Tshz2 have been reported during embryogenesis. Recently, we showed that all three mouse Tshz genes can rescue the Drosophila tsh loss-of-function phenotype, indicating that the function of the teashirt genes has been conserved during evolution. Here we describe the expression pattern of chick TSHZ3 during embryogenesis. Chick TSHZ3 is expressed in several tissues including mesodermal derivatives, the central and peripheral nervous systems. Emphasis is laid on the dynamic expression occurring in regions of the somites and limbs where tendons develop. We show that TSHZ3 is activated in the somites by FGF8, a known inducer of the tendon marker SCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Manfroid
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, UMR CNRS 6216, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
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Wang H, Lee EMJ, Sperber SM, Lin S, Ekker M, Long Q. Isolation and expression of zebrafish zinc-finger transcription factor gene tsh1. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 7:318-22. [PMID: 17035100 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the expression patterns of tsh1, a zebrafish homologue of the Drosophila homeotic gene teashirt. Expression of tsh1 is first detected at the 2-somite stage (10h post-fertilization, hpf) at the anterior end of the spinal cord. Expression expands toward the posterior spinal cord, and by the prim-5 stage (24 hpf) tsh1 transcripts are detected throughout spinal cord. Between the 14- and 25-somite stage (16-24 hpf), spinal cord expression shows a clear anterior boundary at the rostral margin of rhombomere 7. Around the prim-25 stage (36 hpf), while the spinal expression of tsh1 decreases, new expression is detected in the pectoral fin buds and dorsal forebrain. By the long-pec stage (48 hpf), spinal cord expression is undetectable, but strong expression is observed in the rhombencephalon, telencephalon, tectum opticum, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, in the first pharyngeal arch and in the eyes. This expression persists at least until the larval stages. Retinoic acid signaling influences tsh1 expression. Zebrafish tsh1 expression was induced in the anterior neural tube in embryos treated briefly with exogenous retinoic acid. Furthermore, tsh1 expression was down-regulated in the spinal cord in the zebrafish neckless mutant in which RA signaling is disrupted due to a missense mutation in the gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Zoology and Stephenson Research and Technology Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Koebernick K, Kashef J, Pieler T, Wedlich D. Xenopus Teashirt1 regulates posterior identity in brain and cranial neural crest. Dev Biol 2006; 298:312-26. [PMID: 16916510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated two related Xenopus homologues of the homeotic zinc finger protein Teashirt1 (Tsh1), XTsh1a and XTsh1b. While Drosophila teashirt specifies trunk identity in the fly, the developmental relevance of vertebrate Tsh homologues is unknown. XTsh1a/b are expressed in prospective trunk CNS throughout early neurula stages and later in the migrating cranial neural crest (CNC) of the third arch. In postmigratory CNC, XTsh1a/b is uniformly activated in the posterior arches. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reveal that reduction or increase of XTsh1 levels selectively inhibits specification of the hindbrain and mid/hindbrain boundary in Xenopus embryos. In addition, both overexpression and depletion of XTsh1 interfere with the determination of CNC segment identity. In transplantation assays, ectopic XTsh1a inhibits the routing of posterior, but not of mandibular CNC streams. The loss of function phenotype could be rescued with low amounts either of XTsh1a or murine Tsh3. Our results demonstrate that proper expression of XTsh1 is essential for segmentally restricted gene expression in the posterior brain and CNC and suggest for the first time that teashirt genes act as positional factors also in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koebernick
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Moens CB, Selleri L. Hox cofactors in vertebrate development. Dev Biol 2006; 291:193-206. [PMID: 16515781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that pattern the body axes of animal embryos. It is well established that the exquisite DNA-binding specificity that allows different Hox proteins to specify distinct structures along the body axis is frequently dependent on interactions with other DNA-binding proteins which act as Hox cofactors. These include the PBC and MEIS classes of TALE (Three Amino acid Loop Extension) homeodomain proteins. The PBC class comprises fly Extradenticle (Exd) and vertebrate Pbx homeoproteins, whereas the MEIS class includes fly Homothorax (Hth) and vertebrate Meis and Prep homeoproteins. Exd was first implicated as a Hox cofactor based on mutant phenotypes in the fly. In vertebrates, PBC and MEIS homeobox proteins play important roles in development and disease. In this review, we describe the evidence that these functions reflect a requirement for Pbx and Meis/Prep proteins as Hox cofactors. However, there is mounting evidence that, like in the fly, Pbx and Meis/Prep proteins function more broadly, and we also discuss how "Hox cofactors" function as partners for other, non-Hox transcription factors during development. Conversely, we review the evidence that Hox proteins have functions that are independent of Pbx and Meis/Prep cofactors and discuss the possibility that other proteins may participate in the DNA-bound Hox complex, contributing to DNA-binding specificity in the absence of, or in addition to, Pbx and Meis/Prep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Science and HHMI, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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37
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McEwen GK, Woolfe A, Goode D, Vavouri T, Callaway H, Elgar G. Ancient duplicated conserved noncoding elements in vertebrates: a genomic and functional analysis. Genome Res 2006; 16:451-65. [PMID: 16533910 PMCID: PMC1457030 DOI: 10.1101/gr.4143406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish-mammal genomic comparisons have proved powerful in identifying conserved noncoding elements likely to be cis-regulatory in nature, and the majority of those tested in vivo have been shown to act as tissue-specific enhancers associated with genes involved in transcriptional regulation of development. Although most of these elements share little sequence identity to each other, a small number are remarkably similar and appear to be the product of duplication events. Here, we searched for duplicated conserved noncoding elements in the human genome, using comparisons with Fugu to select putative cis-regulatory sequences. We identified 124 families of duplicated elements, each containing between two and five members, that are highly conserved within and between vertebrate genomes. In 74% of cases, we were able to assign a specific set of paralogous genes with annotation relating to transcriptional regulation and/or development to each family, thus removing much of the ambiguity in identifying associated genes. We find that duplicate elements have the potential to up-regulate reporter gene expression in a tissue-specific manner and that expression domains often overlap, but are not necessarily identical, between family members. Over two thirds of the families are conserved in duplicate in fish and appear to predate the large-scale duplication events thought to have occurred at the origin of vertebrates. We propose a model whereby gene duplication and the evolution of cis-regulatory elements can be considered in the context of increased morphological diversity and the emergence of the modern vertebrate body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle K. McEwen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Woolfe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Goode
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Vavouri
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Callaway
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Elgar
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.E-mail ; fax 0044 207 882 3000
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Bessa J, Casares F. Restricted teashirt expression confers eye-specific responsiveness to Dpp and Wg signals during eye specification in Drosophila. Development 2005; 132:5011-20. [PMID: 16221726 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila, the eye primordium is specified as a subdomain of the larval eye disc. Here, we show that the Zn-finger transcription factor teashirt (tsh) marks the region of the early eye disc where the eye primordium will form. Moreover, tsh misexpression directs eye primordium formation in disc regions normally destined to form head capsule, something the eye selector genes eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) are unable to do on their own. We present evidence that tsh induces eye specification, at least in part, by allowing the activation of eye specification genes by the wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp) signaling pathways. Under these conditions, though, terminal eye differentiation proceeds only if tsh expression is transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bessa
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, 41013, Spain
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Pueyo JI, Couso JP. Parallels between the proximal-distal development of vertebrate and arthropod appendages: homology without an ancestor? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2005; 15:439-46. [PMID: 15979300 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary studies suggest that the limbs of vertebrates and the appendages of arthropods do not share a common origin. However, recent genetic studies show new similarities in their developmental programmes. These similarities might be caused by the independent recruitment of homologous genes for similar functions or by the conservation of an ancestral proximal-distal development programme. This basic programme might have arisen in an ancestral outgrowth and been independently co-opted in vertebrate and arthropod appendages. It has subsequently diverged in both phyla to fine-pattern the limb and to control phylum-specific cellular events. We suggest that although vertebrate limbs and arthropod appendages are not strictly homologous structures they retain remnants of a common ancestral developmental programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Pueyo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
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Mahaffey JW. Assisting Hox proteins in controlling body form: are there new lessons from flies (and mammals)? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2005; 15:422-9. [PMID: 15979870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. There is general agreement that cofactors provide additional specificity, but a comprehensive model of Hox control of gene expression has not emerged. There is now evidence that a global network of zinc finger transcription factors contributes to patterning of the Drosophila embryo. These zinc finger proteins appear to establish fields in which certain Hox proteins can function. Though the nature of these fields is uncertain at this time, it is possible that these zinc finger proteins are Hox cofactors, providing additional specificity during Hox target-gene selection. Furthermore, these zinc finger proteins are conserved, as are aspects of their anterior-posterior expression, suggesting that their roles might be conserved, as well. Perhaps this layer in the genetic control of body patterning will help bridge some of the chasms that remain in our understanding of the genetic control of pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Mahaffey
- Department of Genetics, Campus Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA.
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Laugier E, Yang Z, Fasano L, Kerridge S, Vola C. A critical role of teashirt for patterning the ventral epidermis is masked by ectopic expression of tiptop, a paralog of teashirt in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2005; 283:446-58. [PMID: 15936749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The teashirt gene encodes a protein with three widely spaced zinc finger motifs that is crucial for specifying trunk identity in Drosophila embryos. Here, we describe a gene called tiptop, which encodes a protein highly similar to Teashirt. We have analyzed the expression patterns and functions of these two genes in the trunk of the embryo. Initially, teashirt and tiptop expressions are detected in distinct domains; teashirt in the trunk and tiptop in parts of the head and tail. In different mutant situations, we show that, in the trunk and head, they repress each other's expression. Unlike teashirt, we found that deletion of tiptop is homozygous viable and fertile. However, embryos lacking both gene activities display a more severe trunk phenotype than teashirt mutant embryos alone. Ectopic expression of either gene produces an almost identical phenotype, indicating that Teashirt and Tiptop have, on the whole, common activities. We conclude that Teashirt and Tiptop repress each other's expression and that Teashirt has a crucial role for trunk patterning that is in part masked by ectopic expression of Tiptop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Laugier
- IBDM, LGPD, UMR 6545, CNRS/INSERM/Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luniny, Case 907, Marseille, France
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