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Casanova NG, Reyes-Hernon V, Gregory T, Sun B, Bermudez T, Hufford MK, Oita RC, Camp SM, Hernandez-Molina G, Serrano JR, Sun X, Fimbres J, Mirsaeidi M, Sammani S, Bime C, Garcia JGN. Biochemical and genomic identification of novel biomarkers in progressive sarcoidosis: HBEGF, eNAMPT, and ANG-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1012827. [PMID: 36388923 PMCID: PMC9640603 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1012827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is a serious complication in subjects with sarcoidosis. The absence of reliable, non-invasive biomarkers that detect early progression exacerbates the difficulty in predicting sarcoidosis severity. To potentially address this unmet need, we evaluated a panel of markers for an association with sarcoidosis progression (HBEGF, NAMPT, IL1-RA, IL-6, IL-8, ANG-2). This panel encompasses proteins related to inflammation, vascular injury, cell proliferation, and fibroblast mitogenesis processes. Methods Plasma biomarker levels and biomarker protein expression in lung and lymph nodes tissues (immunohistochemical studies) from sarcoidosis subjects with limited disease and progressive (complicated) sarcoidosis were performed. Gene expression of the protein-coding genes included in this panel was analyzed using RNAseq in sarcoidosis granulomatous tissues from lung and lymph nodes. Results Except for IL-8, plasma levels of each biomarker—eNAMPT, IL-1RA, IL-6, ANG-2, and HBEGF—were significantly elevated in sarcoidosis subjects compared to controls. In addition, plasma levels of HBEGF were elevated in complicated sarcoidosis, while eNAMPT and ANG-2 were observed to serve as markers of lung fibrosis in a subgroup of complicated sarcoidosis. Genomic studies corroborated HBEGF and NAMPT among the top dysregulated genes and identified cytokine-related and fibrotic pathways in lung granulomatous tissues from sarcoidosis. Conclusion These findings suggest HBEGF, eNAMPT, and ANG-2 may serve as potential novel indicators of the clinical severity of sarcoidosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G. Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vivian Reyes-Hernon
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor Gregory
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Belinda Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew K. Hufford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Radu C. Oita
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jocelyn Fimbres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Joe G. N. Garcia,
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Okada T, McIlfatrick S, Hin N, Aryamanesh N, Breen J, St John JC. Mitochondrial supplementation of Sus scrofa metaphase II oocytes alters DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of blastocysts. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:12. [PMID: 35428319 PMCID: PMC9013150 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in oocytes correlates with oocyte quality and fertilisation outcome. The introduction of additional copies of mtDNA through mitochondrial supplementation of mtDNA-deficient Sus scrofa oocytes resulted in: (1) improved rates of fertilisation; (2) increased mtDNA copy number in the 2-cell stage embryo; and (3) improved development of the embryo to the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, a subset of genes showed changes in gene expression. However, it is still unknown if mitochondrial supplementation alters global and local DNA methylation patterns during early development. Results We generated a series of embryos in a model animal, Sus scrofa, by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and mitochondrial supplementation in combination with ICSI (mICSI). The DNA methylation status of ICSI- and mICSI-derived blastocysts was analysed by whole genome bisulfite sequencing. At a global level, the additional copies of mtDNA did not affect nuclear DNA methylation profiles of blastocysts, though over 2000 local genomic regions exhibited differential levels of DNA methylation. In terms of the imprinted genes, DNA methylation patterns were conserved in putative imprint control regions; and the gene expression profile of these genes and genes involved in embryonic genome activation were not affected by mitochondrial supplementation. However, 52 genes showed significant differences in expression as demonstrated by RNAseq analysis. The affected gene networks involved haematological system development and function, tissue morphology and cell cycle. Furthermore, seven mtDNA-encoded t-RNAs were downregulated in mICSI-derived blastocysts suggesting that extra copies of mtDNA affected tRNA processing and/or turnover, hence protein synthesis in blastocysts. We also showed a potential association between differentially methylated regions and changes in expression for 55 genes due to mitochondrial supplementation. Conclusions The addition of just an extra ~ 800 copies of mtDNA into oocytes can have a significant impact on both gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in Sus scrofa blastocysts by altering the epigenetic programming established during oogenesis. Some of these changes may affect specific tissue-types later in life. Consequently, it is important to determine the longitudinal effect of these molecular changes on growth and development before considering human clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-022-00442-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okada
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen McIlfatrick
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nhi Hin
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nader Aryamanesh
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Embryology Research Unit, Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Xing C, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Downregulation of NAGLU in VEC Increases Abnormal Accumulation of Lysosomes and Represents a Predictive Biomarker in Early Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797047. [PMID: 35155448 PMCID: PMC8826576 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), predominantly caused by atherosclerosis (AS), are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although a great number of previous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular mechanism of AS, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aberrant expression profiling of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) gene in early atherosclerosis (EAS) was analyzed according to the dataset (GSE132651) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We primarily performed functional annotation analysis on the downregulated genes (DRGs). We further identified that α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), one of the DRGs, played a critical role in the progression of EAS. NAGLU is a key enzyme for the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), and its deficiency could cause lysosomal accumulation and lead to dysfunctions of VECs. We found that siRNA knockdown of NAGLU in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) aggravated the abnormal accumulation of lysosomes and HS. In addition, the expression of NAGLU was reduced in the EAS model constructed by ApoE−/- mice. Furthermore, we also showed that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protein was upregulated while NAGLU knockdown in HUVEC could specifically bind to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and promote its phosphorylation, ultimately activating the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). However, the application of selective VEGFR2 and ERKs inhibitors, SU5614 and PD98059, respectively, could reverse the abnormal lysosomal storage caused by NAGLU knockdown. These results indicated that downregulation of NAGLU in HUVEC increases the abnormal accumulation of lysosomes and may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of EAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang,
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Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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5
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Luong H, Singh S, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P. Cardiac glycosaminoglycans and structural alterations during chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2044-H2057. [PMID: 33834865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00635.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its complications; however, causal mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigate cardiac structural and functional alterations and associated changes in myocardial glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) disaccharide profile in mice that exhibit depression-like behavior. Mice were assigned to the chronic mild stress (CMS) group and nonstress control group (CT). The CMS group was exposed to a series of mild, unpredictable stressors for 7 wk. Mice in the CMS group show a significant decrease in protein expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exhibit depression-like behavioral changes, such as learned helplessness and decreased exploration behavior, as compared with the control group. Although cardiac function remained unchanged between the groups, echocardiography analysis showed slightly increased left ventricular wall thickness in the CMS group. Furthermore, the CMS group shows an increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and an associated decrease in BDNF protein expression and increase in IL-6 mRNA expression, when compared with control mice. GAG disaccharide analysis of the left ventricles of the CMS and CT mice revealed an elevation in heparan (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) content in the CMS hearts (35.3% and 17.9%, respectively, vs. control group). Furthermore, we also observed that unsulfated or monosulfated disaccharides were the most abundant units; however, we did not find any significant difference in mole percent or sulfation pattern of HS/CS disaccharides between the groups. The current investigation highlights a need for further research to explore the relationship between cardiac GAGs biology and myocardial remodeling as a causal mechanism that underlie cardiovascular complications in patients with MDD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Comorbidity between depression and CVD is well established, whereas its etiology, especially the role of nonfibrous components (proteoglycans/GAGs) of the extracellular matrix, is unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize cardiac proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan profile in response to depression-like behavioral changes in mice. We observed that chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression-like behavior and alterations in glycosaminoglycan profile were associated with structural changes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Luong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
The developing heart is formed of two tissue layers separated by an extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides chemical and physical signals to cardiac cells. While deposition of specific ECM components creates matrix diversity, the cardiac ECM is also dynamic, with modification and degradation playing important roles in ECM maturation and function. In this Review, we discuss the spatiotemporal changes in ECM composition during cardiac development that support distinct aspects of heart morphogenesis. We highlight conserved requirements for specific ECM components in human cardiac development, and discuss emerging evidence of a central role for the ECM in promoting heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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7
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Reyes ME, Riquelme I, Salvo T, Zanella L, Letelier P, Brebi P. Brown Seaweed Fucoidan in Cancer: Implications in Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050232. [PMID: 32354032 PMCID: PMC7281670 DOI: 10.3390/md18050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulphated polysaccharides that can be obtained from brown seaweed and marine invertebrates. They have anti-cancer properties, through their targeting of several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms within malignant cells. This review describes the chemical structure diversity of fucoidans and their similarity with other molecules such as glycosaminoglycan, which enable them to participation in diverse biological processes. Furthermore, this review summarizes their influence on the development of metastasis and drug resistance, which are the main obstacles to cure cancer. Finally, this article discusses how fucoidans have been used in clinical trials to evaluate their potential synergy with other anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Reyes
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4710296, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Tomás Salvo
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4710296, Chile
| | - Louise Zanella
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4710296, Chile
| | - Pablo Letelier
- Precision Health Research Laboratory, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology (LIBi), Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4710296, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-92659362
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8
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Ashwood C, Waas M, Weerasekera R, Gundry RL. Reference glycan structure libraries of primary human cardiomyocytes and pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reveal cell-type and culture stage-specific glycan phenotypes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:33-46. [PMID: 31972267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface glycoproteins play critical roles in maintaining cardiac structure and function in health and disease and the glycan-moiety attached to the protein is critical for proper protein folding, stability and signaling [1]. However, despite mounting evidence that glycan structures are key modulators of heart function and must be considered when developing cardiac biomarkers, we currently do not have a comprehensive view of the glycans present in the normal human heart. In the current study, we used porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (PGC-LC-MS) to generate glycan structure libraries for primary human heart tissue homogenate, cardiomyocytes (CM) enriched from human heart tissue, and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CM (hiPSC-CM). Altogether, we established the first reference structure libraries of the cardiac glycome containing 265 N- and O-glycans. Comparing the N-glycome of CM enriched from primary heart tissue to that of heart tissue homogenate, the same pool of N-glycan structures was detected in each sample type but the relative signal of 21 structures significantly differed between samples, with the high mannose class increased in enriched CM. Moreover, by comparing primary CM to hiPSC-CM collected during 20-100 days of differentiation, dynamic changes in the glycan profile throughout in vitro differentiation were observed and differences between primary and hiPSC-CM were revealed. Namely, >30% of the N-glycome significantly changed across these time-points of differentiation and only 23% of the N-glycan structures were shared between hiPSC-CM and primary CM. These observations are an important complement to current genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling and reveal new considerations for the use and interpretation of hiPSC-CM models for studies of human development, disease, and drug testing. Finally, these data are expected to support future regenerative medicine efforts by informing targets for evaluating the immunogenic potential of hiPSC-CM and harnessing differences between immature, proliferative hiPSC-CM and adult primary CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ashwood
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ranjuna Weerasekera
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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9
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Hachim D, Whittaker TE, Kim H, Stevens MM. Glycosaminoglycan-based biomaterials for growth factor and cytokine delivery: Making the right choices. J Control Release 2019; 313:131-147. [PMID: 31629041 PMCID: PMC6900262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled, localized drug delivery is a long-standing goal of medical research, realization of which could reduce the harmful side-effects of drugs and allow more effective treatment of wounds, cancers, organ damage and other diseases. This is particularly the case for protein "drugs" and other therapeutic biological cargoes, which can be challenging to deliver effectively by conventional systemic administration. However, developing biocompatible materials that can sequester large quantities of protein and release them in a sustained and controlled manner has proven challenging. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) represent a promising class of bio-derived materials that possess these key properties and can additionally potentially enhance the biological effects of the delivered protein. They are a diverse group of linear polysaccharides with varied functionalities and suitabilities for different cargoes. However, most investigations so far have focused on a relatively small subset of GAGs - particularly heparin, a readily available, promiscuously-binding GAG. There is emerging evidence that for many applications other GAGs are in fact more suitable for regulated and sustained delivery. In this review, we aim to illuminate the beneficial properties of various GAGs with reference to specific protein cargoes, and to provide guidelines for informed choice of GAGs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Whittaker
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Heparin: An essential drug for modern medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:1-19. [PMID: 31030744 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a life-saving drug, which belongs to few clinically used drugs without defined molecular structures in modern medicine. Heparin is the mostly negatively charged biopolymer with a broad distributions in molecular weight, charge density, and biological activities. Heparin is mainly composed of repeating trisulfated disaccharide units, which is made by mast cells that are enriched in the intestines, lungs or livers of animals. Porcine intestines and bovine lungs are two mostly used sources for heparin isolation. Heparin is well known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic pharmacological effects. The anticoagulant activity of heparin is attributable to a 3-O-sulfate and 6-O-sulfate containing pentasaccharide sequence or a minimum eight-repeating disaccharide units containing the pentasaccharide sequence that catalyzes the suicidal inactivation of factor Xa or thrombin by a serpin or serine protease inhibitor named antithrombin III, respectively. Thus, heparin is responsible for the simultaneous inhibition of both thrombin generation and thrombin activity in the blood circulation. Moreover, heparin has many pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anti-neoplastic, and anti-metastatic effects though high affinity interactions with a variety of proteases, protease inhibitors, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and their respective receptors. The one drug multiple molecular targeting properties make heparin a very special drug in that various clinical trials are still conducting worldwide even 100 years after its discovery. In this review, we will summarize the structure-function relationship and the molecular mechanisms of heparin. We will also provide an overview of different clinical and potential clinical applications of heparin.
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Cassinelli G, Favini E, Dal Bo L, Tortoreto M, De Maglie M, Dagrada G, Pilotti S, Zunino F, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Antitumor efficacy of the heparan sulfate mimic roneparstat (SST0001) against sarcoma models involves multi-target inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47848-47863. [PMID: 27374103 PMCID: PMC5216983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparan sulfate (HS) mimic/heparanase inhibitor roneparstat (SST0001) shows antitumor activity in preclinical sarcoma models. We hypothesized that this 100% N-acetylated and glycol-split heparin could interfere with the functions of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) coexpressed in sarcomas and activated by heparin-binding growth factors. Using a phospho-proteomic approach, we investigated the drug effects on RTK activation in human cell lines representative of different sarcoma subtypes. Inhibition of FGF, IGF, ERBB and PDGF receptors by the drug was biochemically and functionally validated. Roneparstat counteracted the autocrine loop induced by the COL1A1/PDGFB fusion oncogene, expressed in a human dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans primary culture and in NIH3T3COL1A1/PDGFB transfectants, inhibiting cell anchorage-independent growth and invasion. In addition, roneparstat inhibited the activation of cell surface PDGFR and PDGFR-associated FAK, likely contributing to the reversion of NIH3T3COL1A1/PDGFB cell transformed and pro-invasive phenotype. Biochemical and histological/immunohistochemical ex vivo analyses confirmed a reduced activation of ERBB4, EGFR, INSR, IGF1R, associated with apoptosis induction and angiogenesis inhibition in a drug-treated Ewing's sarcoma family tumor xenograft. The combination of roneparstat with irinotecan significantly improved the antitumor effect against A204 rhabdoid xenografts resulting in a high rate of complete responses and cures. These findings reveal that roneparstat exerts a multi-target inhibition of RTKs relevant in the pathobiology of different sarcoma subtypes. These effects, likely cooperating with heparanase inhibition, contribute to the antitumor efficacy of the drug. The study supports heparanase/HS axis targeting as a valuable approach in combination therapies of different sarcoma subtypes providing a preclinical rationale for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Dagrada
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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De Pasquale V, Pezone A, Sarogni P, Tramontano A, Schiattarella GG, Avvedimento VE, Paladino S, Pavone LM. EGFR activation triggers cellular hypertrophy and lysosomal disease in NAGLU-depleted cardiomyoblasts, mimicking the hallmarks of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:40. [PMID: 29348482 PMCID: PMC5833457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) required for heparan sulfate (HS) degradation. The defective lysosomal clearance of undigested HS results in dysfunction of multiple tissues and organs. We recently demonstrated that the murine model of MPS IIIB develops cardiac disease, valvular abnormalities, and ultimately heart failure. To address the molecular mechanisms governing cardiac dysfunctions in MPS IIIB, we generated a model of the disease by silencing NAGLU gene expression in H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts. NAGLU-depleted H9C2 exhibited accumulation of abnormal lysosomes and a hypertrophic phenotype. Furthermore, we found the specific activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in NAGLU-depleted H9C2. The inhibition of either EGFR or ERKs, using the selective inhibitors AG1478 and PD98059, resulted in the reduction of both lysosomal aberration and hypertrophy in NAGLU-depleted H9C2. We also found increased phosphorylation of c-Src and a reduction of the hypertrophic response in NAGLU-depleted H9C2 transfected with a dominant-negative c-Src. However, c-Src phosphorylation remained unaffected by AG1478 treatment, posing c-Src upstream EGFR activation. Finally, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protein was found overexpressed in our MPS IIIB cellular model, and its silencing reduced the hypertrophic response. These results indicate that both c-Src and HB-EGF contribute to the hypertrophic phenotype of NAGLU-depleted cardiomyoblasts by synergistically activating EGFR and subsequent signaling, thus suggesting that EGFR pathway inhibition could represent an effective therapeutic approach for MPS IIIB cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Enrico Avvedimento
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
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Sae-Lao T, Tohtong R, Bates DO, Wongprasert K. Sulfated Galactans from Red Seaweed Gracilaria fisheri Target EGFR and Inhibit Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:615-633. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is increasing in incidence worldwide and is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, making treatment of CCA a major challenge. Previous studies reported that natural sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) disrupted growth factor receptor activation in cancer cells. The present study, therefore, aimed at investigating the antiproliferation effect of sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri (G. fisheri) on CCA cell lines. Direct binding activity of SG to CCA cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were determined. The effect of SG on proliferation of CCA cells was investigated. Cell cycle analyses and expression of signaling molecules associated with proliferation were also determined. The results demonstrated that SG bound directly to EGFR. SG inhibited proliferation of various CCA cell lines by inhibiting EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, and inhibited EGF-induced increased cell proliferation. Cell cycle analyses showed that SG induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, down-regulated cell cycle genes and proteins (cyclin-D, cyclin-E, cdk-4, cdk-2), and up-regulated the tumor suppressor protein P53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SG from G. fisheri inhibited proliferation of CCA cells, and its mechanism of inhibition is mediated, to some extent, by inhibitory effects on EGFR activation and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. SG presents a potential EGFR targeted molecule, which may be further clinically developed in a combination therapy for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David O. Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Iwamoto R, Mine N, Mizushima H, Mekada E. ErbB1 and ErbB4 generate opposing signals regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during valvulogenesis. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HB-EGF plays an indispensable role in suppression of cell proliferation during mouse valvulogenesis. However, ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), including HB-EGF, are generally considered as growth-promoting factors as shown in cancers. HB-EGF binds to and activates ErbB1 and ErbB4. We investigated the role of ErbB receptors in valvulogenesis in vivo using ErbB1- and ErbB4-deficient mice, and an ex vivo model of endocardial cushion explants. We show that HB-EGF suppresses valve mesenchymal cell proliferation through a heterodimer of ErbB1 and ErbB4, and an ErbB1 ligand(s) promotes cell proliferation through a homodimer of ErbB1. Moreover, a rescue experiment with cleavable or uncleavable isoforms of ErbB4 in ERBB4 null cells indicates that the cleavable JM-a-type, but not the uncleavable JM-b-type, of ErbB4 rescues the defect of the null cells. These data suggest that the cytoplasmic intracellular domain of ErbB4, rather than the membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase, achieves this suppression. Our study demonstrates that opposing signals generated by different ErbB dimer combinations function in the same cardiac cushion mesenchymal cells for proper cardiac valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Mine
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Present address: CanBas Co., Ltd. 2-2-1 Ohtemachi, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Mekada
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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MacGrogan D, D'Amato G, Travisano S, Martinez-Poveda B, Luxán G, Del Monte-Nieto G, Papoutsi T, Sbroggio M, Bou V, Gomez-Del Arco P, Gómez MJ, Zhou B, Redondo JM, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, de la Pompa JL. Sequential Ligand-Dependent Notch Signaling Activation Regulates Valve Primordium Formation and Morphogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 118:1480-97. [PMID: 27056911 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for primitive cardiac valve formation by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and NOTCH1 mutations cause bicuspid aortic valve; however, the temporal requirement for the various Notch ligands and receptors during valve ontogeny is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the functional specificity of Notch in valve development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cardiac-specific conditional targeted mutant mice, we find that endothelial/endocardial deletion of Mib1-Dll4-Notch1 signaling, possibly favored by Manic-Fringe, is specifically required for cardiac epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mice lacking endocardial Jag1, Notch1, or RBPJ displayed enlarged valve cusps, bicuspid aortic valve, and septal defects, indicating that endocardial Jag1 to Notch1 signaling is required for post-epithelial-mesenchymal transition valvulogenesis. Valve dysmorphology was associated with increased mesenchyme proliferation, indicating that Jag1-Notch1 signaling restricts mesenchyme cell proliferation non-cell autonomously. Gene profiling revealed upregulated Bmp signaling in Jag1-mutant valves, providing a molecular basis for the hyperproliferative phenotype. Significantly, the negative regulator of mesenchyme proliferation, Hbegf, was markedly reduced in Jag1-mutant valves. Hbegf expression in embryonic endocardial cells could be readily activated through a RBPJ-binding site, identifying Hbegf as an endocardial Notch target. Accordingly, addition of soluble heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor to Jag1-mutant outflow tract explant cultures rescued the hyperproliferative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS During cardiac valve formation, Dll4-Notch1 signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cushion formation. Jag1-Notch1 signaling subsequently restrains Bmp-mediated valve mesenchyme proliferation by sustaining Hbegf-EGF receptor signaling. Our studies identify a mechanism of signaling cross talk during valve morphogenesis involved in the origin of congenital heart defects associated with reduced NOTCH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal MacGrogan
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Poveda
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Tania Papoutsi
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Vanesa Bou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Pablo Gomez-Del Arco
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Manuel Jose Gómez
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.).
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Lian C, Ruan L, Shang D, Wu Y, Lu Y, Lü P, Yang Y, Wei Y, Dong X, Ren D, Chen K, Liu H, Tu Z. Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor as a Potent Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:85-90. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lian
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingling Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dewan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Luxán G, D'Amato G, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Endocardial Notch Signaling in Cardiac Development and Disease. Circ Res 2015; 118:e1-e18. [PMID: 26635389 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an ancient and highly conserved signaling pathway that controls cell fate specification and tissue patterning in the embryo and in the adult. Region-specific endocardial Notch activity regulates heart morphogenesis through the interaction with multiple myocardial-, epicardial-, and neural crest-derived signals. Mutations in NOTCH signaling elements cause congenital heart disease in humans and mice, demonstrating its essential role in cardiac development. Studies in model systems have provided mechanistic understanding of Notch function in cardiac development, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration. Notch patterns the embryonic endocardium into prospective territories for valve and chamber formation, and later regulates the signaling processes leading to outflow tract and valve morphogenesis and ventricular trabeculae compaction. Alterations in NOTCH signaling in the endocardium result in congenital structural malformations that can lead to disease in the neonate and adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Luxán
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovascular (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain (G.L., G.D'A., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.); and Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (G.L.).
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18
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Zhang R, Cao P, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wu JL, Chen Y, Pan Y. Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis Enzyme, Ext1, Contributes to Outflow Tract Development of Mouse Heart via Modulation of FGF Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136518. [PMID: 26295701 PMCID: PMC4546591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are important regulators of multiple signaling pathways. As a major constituent of the heart extracellular matrix, glycosaminoglycans are implicated in cardiac morphogenesis through interactions with different signaling morphogens. Ext1 is a glycosyltransferase responsible for heparan sulfate synthesis. Here, we evaluate the function of Ext1 in heart development by analyzing Ext1 hypomorphic mutant and conditional knockout mice. Outflow tract alignment is sensitive to the dosage of Ext1. Deletion of Ext1 in the mesoderm induces a cardiac phenotype similar to that of a mutant with conditional deletion of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, a key enzyme responsible for synthesis of all glycosaminoglycans. The outflow tract defect in conditional Ext1 knockout(Ext1f/f:Mesp1Cre) mice is attributable to the reduced contribution of second heart field and neural crest cells. Ext1 deletion leads to downregulation of FGF signaling in the pharyngeal mesoderm. Exogenous FGF8 ameliorates the defects in the outflow tract and pharyngeal explants. In addition, Ext1 expression in second heart field and neural crest cells is required for outflow tract remodeling. Our results collectively indicate that Ext1 is crucial for outflow tract formation in distinct progenitor cells, and heparan sulfate modulates FGF signaling during early heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiu-Lin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (YP)
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (YP)
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19
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Johnson NR, Wang Y. Coacervate delivery of HB-EGF accelerates healing of type 2 diabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:591-600. [PMID: 26032846 PMCID: PMC5957479 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers pose a significant challenge as a number of underlying deficiencies prevent natural healing. In pursuit of a regenerative wound therapy, we developed a heparin-based coacervate delivery system that provides controlled release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) within the wound bed. In this study, we used a polygenic type 2 diabetic mouse model to evaluate the capacity of HB-EGF coacervate to overcome the deficiencies of diabetic wound healing. In full-thickness excisional wounds on NONcNZO10 diabetic mice, HB-EGF coacervate enhanced the proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes, leading to accelerated epithelialization. Furthermore, increased collagen deposition within the wound bed led to faster wound contraction and greater wound vascularization. Additionally, in vitro assays demonstrated that HB-EGF released from the coacervate successfully increased migration of diabetic human keratinocytes. The multifunctional role of HB-EGF in the healing process and its enhanced efficacy when delivered by the coacervate make it a promising therapy for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah R. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Heparin/Heparan sulfate proteoglycans glycomic interactome in angiogenesis: biological implications and therapeutical use. Molecules 2015; 20:6342-88. [PMID: 25867824 PMCID: PMC6272510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessel from pre-existing ones, is involved in various intertwined pathological processes including virus infection, inflammation and oncogenesis, making it a promising target for the development of novel strategies for various interventions. To induce angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) must interact with pro-angiogenic receptors to induce proliferation, protease production and migration of endothelial cells (ECs). The action of AGFs is counteracted by antiangiogenic modulators whose main mechanism of action is to bind (thus sequestering or masking) AGFs or their receptors. Many sugars, either free or associated to proteins, are involved in these interactions, thus exerting a tight regulation of the neovascularization process. Heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans undoubtedly play a pivotal role in this context since they bind to almost all the known AGFs, to several pro-angiogenic receptors and even to angiogenic inhibitors, originating an intricate network of interaction, the so called "angiogenesis glycomic interactome". The decoding of the angiogenesis glycomic interactome, achievable by a systematic study of the interactions occurring among angiogenic modulators and sugars, may help to design novel antiangiogenic therapies with implications in the cure of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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21
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Singh B, Coffey RJ. Trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor ligands in polarized epithelial cells. Annu Rev Physiol 2013; 76:275-300. [PMID: 24215440 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A largely unilamellar epithelial layer lines body cavities and organ ducts such as the digestive tract and kidney tubules. This polarized epithelium is composed of biochemically and functionally separate apical and basolateral surfaces. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis and is perturbed in a number of epithelial disorders. It is underappreciated that in vivo EGFR signaling is most often initiated by cell-surface delivery and processing of one of seven transmembrane ligands, resulting in release of the soluble form that binds EGFR. In polarized epithelial cells, EGFR is restricted largely to the basolateral surface, and apical or basolateral ligand delivery therefore has important biological consequences. In vitro approaches have been used to study the biosynthesis, cell-surface delivery, proteolytic processing, and release of soluble EGFR ligands in polarized epithelial cells. We review these results, discuss their relevance to normal physiology, and demonstrate the pathophysiological consequences of aberrant trafficking. These studies have uncovered a rich diversity of apico-basolateral trafficking mechanisms among the EGFR ligands, provided insights into the pathogenesis of an inherited magnesium-wasting disorder of the kidney (isolated renal hypomagnesemia), and identified a new mode of EGFR ligand signaling via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuminder Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; ,
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22
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Pan Y, Carbe C, Kupich S, Pickhinke U, Ohlig S, Frye M, Seelige R, Pallerla SR, Moon AM, Lawrence R, Esko JD, Zhang X, Grobe K. Heparan sulfate expression in the neural crest is essential for mouse cardiogenesis. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:253-65. [PMID: 24200809 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis in vertebrate development causes complex malformations due to the functional disruption of multiple HS-binding growth factors and morphogens. Here, we report developmental heart defects in mice bearing a targeted disruption of the HS-generating enzyme GlcNAc N-deacetylase/GlcN N-sulfotransferase 1 (NDST1), including ventricular septal defects (VSD), persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and retroesophageal right subclavian artery (RERSC). These defects closely resemble cardiac anomalies observed in mice made deficient in the cardiogenic regulator fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8). Consistent with this, we show that HS-dependent FGF8/FGF-receptor2C assembly and FGF8-dependent ERK-phosphorylation are strongly reduced in NDST1(-/-) embryonic cells and tissues. Moreover, WNT1-Cre/LoxP-mediated conditional targeting of NDST function in neural crest cells (NCCs) revealed that their impaired HS-dependent development contributes strongly to the observed cardiac defects. These findings raise the possibility that defects in HS biosynthesis may contribute to congenital heart defects in humans that represent the most common type of birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Christian Carbe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sabine Kupich
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Pickhinke
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ohlig
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ruth Seelige
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Srinivas R Pallerla
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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23
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Odintsova E, van Niel G, Conjeaud H, Raposo G, Iwamoto R, Mekada E, Berditchevski F. Metastasis suppressor tetraspanin CD82/KAI1 regulates ubiquitylation of epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26323-26334. [PMID: 23897813 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced ubiquitylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) is an important regulatory mechanism that controls endocytic trafficking of the receptor and its signaling potential. Here we report that tetraspanin CD82/KAI1 specifically suppresses ubiquitylation of EGFR after stimulation with heparin-binding EGF or amphiregulin and alters the rate of recruitment of the activated receptor to EEA1-positive endosomes. The suppressive effect of CD82 is dependent on the heparin-binding domain of the ligand. Deletion of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of CD82 (CD82ΔC mutant) inhibits endocytic trafficking of the tetraspanin and compromises its activity toward heparin-binding EGF-activated EGFR. Reduced ubiquitylation of EGFR is accompanied by PKC-dependent increase in serine phosphorylation of c-Cbl in cells expressing elevated levels of CD82. Furthermore, phosphorylation of threonine 654 (PKC phosphorylation site) in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor is considerably increased in CD82-expressing cells. These results describe previously unsuspected links between tetraspanin proteins and ubiquitylation of their molecular partners (e.g., EGFR). Our data identify CD82 as a new regulator of c-Cbl, which discriminatively controls the activity of this E3 ubiquitin ligase toward heparin-binding ligand-EGFR pairs. Taken together, these observations provide an important new insight into the modulatory role of CD82 in endocytic trafficking of EGF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Odintsova
- From the School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,.
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- the Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, and Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Conjeaud
- the Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, 75205 Paris, France, and
| | - Graça Raposo
- the Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, and Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Ryo Iwamoto
- the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Mekada
- the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- From the School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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24
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Bloch O, Erdbrügger W, Völker W, Schenk A, Posner S, Konertz W, Dohmen PM. Extracellular matrix in deoxycholic acid decellularized aortic heart valves. Med Sci Monit 2013. [PMID: 23207452 PMCID: PMC3560792 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only limited information is available regarding the influence of decellularization on the extracellular matrix in heart valves. Within the extracellular matrix proteoglycans (PG) play a central role in the structural organization and physical functioning of valves and in their capability of settling with endothelial and interstitial cells partially myofibroblasts. We have therefore estimated the effects of decellularization using deoxycholic acid on the structure of the extracellular matrix and PG’s in porcine aortic valves. Material/Methods Cupromeronic blue was used, alone or in combination with OsO4/thio-carbo-hydrazide/OsO4 for electron microscopic visualization. For PG and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) investigation a papain digestion was employed in combination with photometric determination using dimethylmethylene blue. Results The results indicate that deoxycholic acid affects the compartmentation of the PG-associated interstitial network not significantly. Compared to controls the PG-rich network was preserved even after deoxycholic acid treatment for 48 h. In parallel to electron microscopy immune assays (ELISA) showed smooth muscle cell α-actin to be reduced to 0.96%±0.71 and total soluble protein to 6.68%±2.0 (n=3) of untreated controls. Protein loss corresponded well with the observations in electron micrographs of rupture and efflux of cell content. Further signs of lysis were irregular cell contours and loss of the basement membrane. Conclusions Efficient cell-lysis without disintegration or loss of integrity of the interstitial PG network can be achieved by treatment of aortic valves with deoxycholic acid for 48h. This protocol might also be suitable for clinical use to optimize conditions for growth and autologous remodelling of valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bloch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité, Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Inoue H, Sakaue T, Ozawa T, Higashiyama S. Spatiotemporal visualization of proHB-EGF ectodomain shedding in living cells. J Biochem 2013; 154:67-76. [PMID: 23598347 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family, each of which is produced as a type I transmembrane precursor. The juxtamembrane domain of proHB-EGF, a precursor of HB-EGF, is cleaved by a disintegrin and metalloproteases. HB-EGF is released into the extracellular space and strongly activates EGF receptor. The relevance of better understanding proHB-EGF shedding relates to the importance of the process in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of various types of cells. Shedding of proHB-EGF is normally evaluated using an alkaline phosphatase-tagged proHB-EGF assay or a western blotting assay that involves multiple cells, which makes it difficult to observe spatiotemporal differences in the activities of the individual cells. In this study, we developed a fluorescent proHB-EGF-based metalloprotease biosensor, named Fluhemb, to visualize spatiotemporal regulation of proHB-EGF shedding in individual cells using a simple method that measures changes in fluorescence ratios. Fluhemb might be very useful for detecting the activity of proHB-EGF shedding in various types of cells under different conditions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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26
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Wilson CL, Gough PJ, Chang CA, Chan CK, Frey JM, Liu Y, Braun KR, Chin MT, Wight TN, Raines EW. Endothelial deletion of ADAM17 in mice results in defective remodeling of the semilunar valves and cardiac dysfunction in adults. Mech Dev 2013; 130:272-89. [PMID: 23354118 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global inactivation of the metalloproteinase ADAM17 during mouse development results in perinatal lethality and abnormalities of the heart, including late embryonic cardiomegaly and thickened semilunar and atrioventricular valves. These defects have been attributed in part to a lack of ADAM17-mediated processing of HB-EGF, as absence of soluble HB-EGF results in similar phenotypes. Because valvular mesenchymal cells are largely derived from cardiac endothelial cells, we generated mice with a floxed Adam17 allele and crossed these animals with Tie2-Cre transgenics to focus on the role of endothelial ADAM17 in valvulogenesis. We find that although hearts from late-stage embryos with ablation of endothelial ADAM17 appear normal, an increase in valve size and cell number is evident, but only in the semilunar cusps. Unlike Hbegf(-/-) valves, ADAM17-null semilunar valves do not differ from controls in acute cell proliferation at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), suggesting compensatory processing of HB-EGF. However, levels of the proteoglycan versican are significantly reduced in mutant hearts early in valve remodeling (E12.5). After birth, aortic valve cusps from mutants are not only hyperplastic but also show expansion of the glycosaminoglycan-rich component, with the majority of adults exhibiting aberrant compartmentalization of versican and increased deposition of collagen. The inability of mutant outflow valve precursors to transition into fully mature cusps is associated with decreased postnatal viability, progressive cardiomegaly, and systolic dysfunction. Together, our data indicate that ADAM17 is required in valvular endothelial cells for regulating cell content as well as extracellular matrix composition and organization in semilunar valve remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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27
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Zhou Y, James I, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor promotes murine enteric nervous system development and enteric neural crest cell migration. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1865-73. [PMID: 23084199 PMCID: PMC3481188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Developmental defects of the enteric nervous system lead to a variety of disorders including Hirschprung disease. We have previously shown that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) exerts neuroprotective effects on injured neurons. The goals of this study were to assess the role of HB-EGF in enteric nervous system development and to evaluate the effect of HB-EGF on enteric neural crest-derived cell (ENCC) migration in the developing gastrointestinal tract of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS HB-EGF immunohistochemistry was used to examine HB-EGF protein expression in the hindgut of embryonic mice. Gut specimens were stained for PGP9.5 (a neuronal cell marker) to examine the extent of ENCC migration in the intestine at different embryonic stages in HB-EGF knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Embryonic gut organ cultures were established to examine the effect of HB-EGF on ENCC migration. RESULTS The expression of HB-EGF was limited to the endodermal epithelium of the hindgut in early gestation, but rapidly involved the hindgut mesenchyme after ENCC migrated into this region. ENCC migration was significantly delayed in HB-EGF KO compared with WT embryos, leading to defects in neural colonization of the distal gut in postnatal HB-EGF KO mice. Addition of HB-EGF to WT embryonic intestine significantly promoted ENCC migration, as demonstrated by a significant increase in the ratio of ENCC migration distance toward the distal hindgut/total colon length (78% ± 4% vs 53% ± 2%, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Deletion of the HB-EGF gene leads to enteric nervous system developmental defects. HB-EGF stimulates ENCC migration in the gut, supporting a potential role for administration of HB-EGF in the future for the treatment of patients with intestinal neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gail E. Besner
- Correspondence: Gail E. Besner, MD, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, Tel: 1-614 722-3900, Fax: 1-614 722-3903,
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28
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Butchar JP, Cain D, Manivannan SN, McCue AD, Bonanno L, Halula S, Truesdell S, Austin CL, Jacobsen TL, Simcox A. New negative feedback regulators of Egfr signaling in Drosophila. Genetics 2012; 191:1213-26. [PMID: 22595244 PMCID: PMC3416002 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.141093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) pathway is required in all animals for normal development and homeostasis; consequently, aberrant Egfr signaling is implicated in a number of diseases. Genetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Egfr has contributed significantly to understanding this conserved pathway and led to the discovery of new components and targets. Here we used microarray analysis of third instar wing discs, in which Egfr signaling was perturbed, to identify new Egfr-responsive genes. Upregulated transcripts included five known targets, suggesting the approach was valid. We investigated the function of 29 previously uncharacterized genes, which had pronounced responses. The Egfr pathway is important for wing-vein patterning and using reverse genetic analysis we identified five genes that showed venation defects. Three of these genes are expressed in vein primordia and all showed transcriptional changes in response to altered Egfr activity consistent with being targets of the pathway. Genetic interactions with Egfr further linked two of the genes, Sulfated (Sulf1), an endosulfatase gene, and CG4096, an A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS) gene, to the pathway. Sulf1 showed a strong genetic interaction with the neuregulin-like ligand vein (vn) and may influence binding of Vn to heparan-sulfated proteoglycans (HSPGs). How Drosophila Egfr activity is modulated by CG4096 is unknown, but interestingly vertebrate EGF ligands are regulated by a related ADAMTS protein. We suggest Sulf1 and CG4096 are negative feedback regulators of Egfr signaling that function in the extracellular space to influence ligand activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Butchar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Donna Cain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - Andrea D. McCue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Liana Bonanno
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sarah Halula
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sharon Truesdell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Christina L. Austin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Thomas L. Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Amanda Simcox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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29
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Wadugu B, Kühn B. The role of neuregulin/ErbB2/ErbB4 signaling in the heart with special focus on effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2139-47. [PMID: 22427524 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00063.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The signaling complex consisting of the growth factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its tyrosine kinase receptors ErbB2 and ErbB4 has a critical role in cardiac development and homeostasis of the structure and function of the adult heart. Recent research results suggest that targeting this signaling complex may provide a viable strategy for treating heart failure. Clinical trials are currently evaluating the effectiveness and safety of intravenous administration of recombinant NRG1 formulations in heart failure patients. Endogenous as well as administered NRG1 has multiple possible activities in the adult heart, but how these are related is unknown. It has recently been demonstrated that NRG1 administration can stimulate proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which may contribute to repair failing hearts. This review summarizes the current knowledge of how NRG1 and its receptors control cardiac physiology and biology, with special emphasis on its role in cardiomyocyte proliferation during myocardial growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wadugu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Miyamoto S, Iwamoto R, Furuya A, Takahashi K, Sasaki Y, Ando H, Yotsumoto F, Yoneda T, Hamaoka M, Yagi H, Murakami T, Hori S, Shitara K, Mekada E. A Novel Anti-Human HB-EGF Monoclonal Antibody with Multiple Antitumor Mechanisms against Ovarian Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6733-41. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Kramer KL. Specific sides to multifaceted glycosaminoglycans are observed in embryonic development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:631-7. [PMID: 20599516 PMCID: PMC2923045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitously found in the extracellular matrix and attached to the surface of most cells, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediate many intercellular interactions. Originally described in 1889 as the primary carbohydrate in cartilage and then in 1916 as a coagulation inhibitor from liver, various GAGs have since been identified as key regulators of normal physiology. GAGs are critical mediators of differentiation, migration, tissue morphogenesis, and organogenesis during embryonic development. While GAGs are simple polysaccharide chains, many GAGs acquire a considerable degree of complexity by extensive modifications involving sulfation and epimerization. Embryos that lack specific GAG modifying enzymes have distinct developmental defects, illuminating the importance of GAG complexity. Revealing how these complex molecules specifically function in the embryo has often required additional approaches, the results of which suggest that GAG modifications might instructively mediate embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kramer
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583, USA.
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