1
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Clements WK, Khoury H. The molecular and cellular hematopoietic stem cell specification niche. Exp Hematol 2024:104280. [PMID: 39009276 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a population of tissue-specific stem cells that reside in the bone marrow of adult mammals, where they self-renew and continuously regenerate the adult hematopoietic lineages over the life of the individual. Prominence as a stem cell model and clinical usefulness have driven interest in understanding the physiologic processes that lead to the specification of HSCs during embryonic development. High-efficiency directed differentiation of HSCs by the instruction of defined progenitor cells using sequentially defined instructive molecules and conditions remains impossible, indicating that comprehensive knowledge of the complete set of precursor intermediate identities and required inductive inputs remains incompletely understood. Recently, interest in the molecular and cellular microenvironment where HSCs are specified from endothelial precursors-the "specification niche"-has increased. Here we review recent progress in understanding these niche spaces across vertebrate phyla, as well as how a better characterization of the origin and molecular phenotypes of the niche cell populations has helped inform and complicate previous understanding of signaling required for HSC emergence and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Clements
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Hanane Khoury
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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2
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Sanaki-Matsumiya M, Villava C, Rappez L, Haase K, Wu J, Ebisuya M. Self-organization of vascularized skeletal muscle from bovine embryonic stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586252. [PMID: 38585777 PMCID: PMC10996461 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cultured beef holds promising potential as an alternative to traditional meat options. While adult stem cells are commonly used as the cell source for cultured beef, their proliferation and differentiation capacities are limited. To produce cultured beef steaks, current manufacturing plans often require the separate preparation of multiple cell types and intricate engineering for assembling them into structured tissues. In this study, we propose and report the co-induction of skeletal muscle, neuronal, and endothelial cells from bovine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the self-organization of tissue structures in 2- and 3-dimensional cultures. Bovine myocytes were induced in a stepwise manner through the induction of presomitic mesoderm (PSM) from bovine ESCs. Muscle fibers with sarcomeres appeared within 15 days, displaying calcium oscillations responsive to inputs from co-induced bovine spinal neurons. Bovine endothelial cells were also co-induced via PSM, forming uniform vessel networks inside tissues. Our serum-free, rapid co-induction protocols represent a milestone toward self-organizing beef steaks with integrated vasculature and innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sanaki-Matsumiya
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casandra Villava
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Rappez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miki Ebisuya
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Imaz-Rosshandler I, Rode C, Guibentif C, Harland LTG, Ton MLN, Dhapola P, Keitley D, Argelaguet R, Calero-Nieto FJ, Nichols J, Marioni JC, de Bruijn MFTR, Göttgens B. Tracking early mammalian organogenesis - prediction and validation of differentiation trajectories at whole organism scale. Development 2024; 151:dev201867. [PMID: 37982461 PMCID: PMC10906099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Early organogenesis represents a key step in animal development, during which pluripotent cells diversify to initiate organ formation. Here, we sampled 300,000 single-cell transcriptomes from mouse embryos between E8.5 and E9.5 in 6-h intervals and combined this new dataset with our previous atlas (E6.5-E8.5) to produce a densely sampled timecourse of >400,000 cells from early gastrulation to organogenesis. Computational lineage reconstruction identified complex waves of blood and endothelial development, including a new programme for somite-derived endothelium. We also dissected the E7.5 primitive streak into four adjacent regions, performed scRNA-seq and predicted cell fates computationally. Finally, we defined developmental state/fate relationships by combining orthotopic grafting, microscopic analysis and scRNA-seq to transcriptionally determine cell fates of grafted primitive streak regions after 24 h of in vitro embryo culture. Experimentally determined fate outcomes were in good agreement with computationally predicted fates, demonstrating how classical grafting experiments can be revisited to establish high-resolution cell state/fate relationships. Such interdisciplinary approaches will benefit future studies in developmental biology and guide the in vitro production of cells for organ regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Imaz-Rosshandler
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christina Rode
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Carolina Guibentif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luke T. G. Harland
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Mai-Linh N. Ton
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Parashar Dhapola
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Keitley
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Ricard Argelaguet
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Fernando J. Calero-Nieto
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - John C. Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Saffron Walden CB10 1SA, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Saffron Walden CB10 1SA, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Marella F. T. R. de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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4
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Zhang Y, Liu F. The evolving views of hematopoiesis: from embryo to adulthood and from in vivo to in vitro. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:3-15. [PMID: 37734711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system composed of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their differentiated lineages serves as an ideal model to uncover generic principles of cell fate transitions. From gastrulation onwards, there successively emerge primitive hematopoiesis (that produces specialized hematopoietic cells), pro-definitive hematopoiesis (that produces lineage-restricted progenitor cells), and definitive hematopoiesis (that produces multipotent HSPCs). These nascent lineages develop in several transient hematopoietic sites and finally colonize into lifelong hematopoietic sites. The development and maintenance of hematopoietic lineages are orchestrated by cell-intrinsic gene regulatory networks and cell-extrinsic microenvironmental cues. Owing to the progressive methodology (e.g., high-throughput lineage tracing and single-cell functional and omics analyses), our understanding of the developmental origin of hematopoietic lineages and functional properties of certain hematopoietic organs has been updated; meanwhile, new paradigms to characterize rare cell types, cell heterogeneity and its causes, and comprehensive regulatory landscapes have been provided. Here, we review the evolving views of HSPC biology during developmental and postnatal hematopoiesis. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the in vitro induction and expansion of HSPCs, with a focus on the implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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5
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Crosse EI, Binagui-Casas A, Gordon-Keylock S, Rybtsov S, Tamagno S, Olofsson D, Anderson RA, Medvinsky A. An interactive resource of molecular signalling in the developing human haematopoietic stem cell niche. Development 2023; 150:dev201972. [PMID: 37840454 PMCID: PMC10730088 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of definitive human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from Carnegie Stage (CS) 14 to CS17 in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a tightly regulated process. Previously, we conducted spatial transcriptomic analysis of the human AGM region at the end of this period (CS16/CS17) and identified secreted factors involved in HSC development. Here, we extend our analysis to investigate the progression of dorso-ventral polarised signalling around the dorsal aorta over the entire period of HSC emergence. Our results reveal a dramatic increase in ventral signalling complexity from the CS13-CS14 transition, coinciding with the first appearance of definitive HSCs. We further observe stage-specific changes in signalling up to CS17, which may underpin the step-wise maturation of HSCs described in the mouse model. The data-rich resource is also presented in an online interface enabling in silico analysis of molecular interactions between spatially defined domains of the AGM region. This resource will be of particular interest for researchers studying mechanisms underlying human HSC development as well as those developing in vitro methods for the generation of clinically relevant HSCs from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie I. Crosse
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anahi Binagui-Casas
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Didrik Olofsson
- Omiqa Bioinformatics GmbH, Altensteinstraße 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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6
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Vink CS, Popravko A, Dzierzak E. De novo hematopoietic (stem) cell generation - A differentiation or stochastic process? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102255. [PMID: 37806296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is one of the earliest tissues to develop. De novo generation of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells occurs through a transdifferentiation of (hemogenic) endothelial cells to hematopoietic identity, resulting in the formation of intra-aortic hematopoietic cluster (IAHC) cells. Heterogeneity of IAHC cell phenotypes and functions has stymied the field in its search for the transcriptional program of emerging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), given that an individual IAHC cannot be simultaneously examined for function and transcriptome. Several models could account for this heterogeneity, including a novel model suggesting that the transcriptomes of individual emerging IAHC cells are in an unstable/metastable state, with pivotal hematopoietic transcription factors expressed dynamically due to transcriptional pulsing and combinatorial activities. The question remains - how is functional hematopoietic cell fate established - is the process stochastic? This article touches upon these important issues, which may be relevant to the field's inability to make HSCs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Vink
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anna Popravko
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK.
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7
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Sahai-Hernandez P, Pouget C, Eyal S, Svoboda O, Chacon J, Grimm L, Gjøen T, Traver D. Dermomyotome-derived endothelial cells migrate to the dorsal aorta to support hematopoietic stem cell emergence. eLife 2023; 12:e58300. [PMID: 37695317 PMCID: PMC10495111 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the dorsal aorta is a key step in the establishment of the adult blood-forming system, since hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from ventral aortic endothelium in all vertebrate animals studied. Work in zebrafish has demonstrated that arterial and venous endothelial precursors arise from distinct subsets of lateral plate mesoderm. Here, we profile the transcriptome of the earliest detectable endothelial cells (ECs) during zebrafish embryogenesis to demonstrate that tissue-specific EC programs initiate much earlier than previously appreciated, by the end of gastrulation. Classic studies in the chick embryo showed that paraxial mesoderm generates a subset of somite-derived endothelial cells (SDECs) that incorporate into the dorsal aorta to replace HSPCs as they exit the aorta and enter circulation. We describe a conserved program in the zebrafish, where a rare population of endothelial precursors delaminates from the dermomyotome to incorporate exclusively into the developing dorsal aorta. Although SDECs lack hematopoietic potential, they act as a local niche to support the emergence of HSPCs from neighboring hemogenic endothelium. Thus, at least three subsets of ECs contribute to the developing dorsal aorta: vascular ECs, hemogenic ECs, and SDECs. Taken together, our findings indicate that the distinct spatial origins of endothelial precursors dictate different cellular potentials within the developing dorsal aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sahai-Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Shai Eyal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ondrej Svoboda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Chacon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lin Grimm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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8
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Lotto J, Stephan TL, Hoodless PA. Fetal liver development and implications for liver disease pathogenesis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:561-581. [PMID: 37208503 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic, digestive and homeostatic roles of the liver are dependent on proper crosstalk and organization of hepatic cell lineages. These hepatic cell lineages are derived from their respective progenitors early in organogenesis in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, contributing to the liver's specialized and diverse microarchitecture. Advances in genomics, lineage tracing and microscopy have led to seminal discoveries in the past decade that have elucidated liver cell lineage hierarchies. In particular, single-cell genomics has enabled researchers to explore diversity within the liver, especially early in development when the application of bulk genomics was previously constrained due to the organ's small scale, resulting in low cell numbers. These discoveries have substantially advanced our understanding of cell differentiation trajectories, cell fate decisions, cell lineage plasticity and the signalling microenvironment underlying the formation of the liver. In addition, they have provided insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease and cancer, in which developmental processes participate in disease emergence and regeneration. Future work will focus on the translation of this knowledge to optimize in vitro models of liver development and fine-tune regenerative medicine strategies to treat liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the emergence of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, advances that have been made in in vitro modelling of liver development and draw parallels between developmental and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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10
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Yvernogeau L, Dainese G, Jaffredo T. Dorsal aorta polarization and haematopoietic stem cell emergence. Development 2023; 150:286251. [PMID: 36602140 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the aorta microenvironment in the generation of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Despite more than two decades of investigations, we require a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events driving aorta formation and polarization, which will be pivotal to establish the mechanisms that operate during HEC specification and HSC competency. Here, we outline the early mechanisms involved in vertebrate aorta formation by comparing four different species: zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. We highlight how this process, which is tightly controlled in time and space, requires a coordinated specification of several cell types, in particular endothelial cells originating from distinct mesodermal tissues. We also discuss how molecular signals originating from the aorta environment result in its polarization, creating a unique entity for HSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvernogeau
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Dainese
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Wilting J, Becker J. The lymphatic vascular system: much more than just a sewer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36109802 PMCID: PMC9476376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 400 years after the (re)discovery of the lymphatic vascular system (LVS) by Gaspare Aselli (Asellius G. De lactibus, sive lacteis venis, quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere, novo invento Gasparis Asellii Cremo. Dissertatio. (MDCXXIIX), Milan; 1628.), structure, function, development and evolution of this so-called 'second' vascular system are still enigmatic. Interest in the LVS was low because it was (and is) hardly visible, and its diseases are not as life-threatening as those of the blood vascular system. It is not uncommon for patients with lymphedema to be told that yes, they can live with it. Usually, the functions of the LVS are discussed in terms of fluid homeostasis, uptake of chylomicrons from the gut, and immune cell circulation. However, the broad molecular equipment of lymphatic endothelial cells suggests that they possess many more functions, which are also reflected in the pathophysiology of the system. With some specific exceptions, lymphatics develop in all organs. Although basic structure and function are the same regardless their position in the body wall or the internal organs, there are important site-specific characteristics. We discuss common structure and function of lymphatics; and point to important functions for hyaluronan turn-over, salt balance, coagulation, extracellular matrix production, adipose tissue development and potential appetite regulation, and the influence of hypoxia on the regulation of these functions. Differences with respect to the embryonic origin and molecular equipment between somatic and splanchnic lymphatics are discussed with a side-view on the phylogeny of the LVS. The functions of the lymphatic vasculature are much broader than generally thought, and lymphatic research will have many interesting and surprising aspects to offer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Koui Y, Ideue T, Boylan M, Anderson MJ, Osato M, Suda T, Yokomizo T, Mukouyama YS. Hepatic leukemia factor-expressing paraxial mesoderm cells contribute to the developing brain vasculature. Biol Open 2022; 11:276428. [PMID: 36017733 PMCID: PMC9493726 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic lineage tracing studies reveal heterogeneous origins of vascular endothelial cells and pericytes in the developing brain vasculature, despite classical experimental evidence for a mesodermal origin. Here we provide evidence through a genetic lineage tracing experiment that cephalic paraxial mesodermal cells give rise to endothelial cells and pericytes in the developing mouse brain. We show that Hepatic leukemia factor (Hlf) is transiently expressed by cephalic paraxial mesenchyme at embryonic day (E) 8.0-9.0 and the genetically-marked E8.0 Hlf-expressing cells mainly contribute to the developing brain vasculature. Interestingly, the genetically-marked E10.5 Hlf-expressing cells, which have been previously reported to contain embryonic hematopoietic stem cells, fail to contribute to the vascular cells. Combined, our genetic lineage tracing data demonstrate that a transient expression of Hlf marks a cephalic paraxial mesenchyme contributing to the developing brain vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koui
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Development Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Takako Ideue
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Michael Boylan
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tomomasa Yokomizo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Development Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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13
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Ho VW, Grainger DE, Chagraoui H, Porcher C. Specification of the haematopoietic stem cell lineage: From blood-fated mesodermal angioblasts to haemogenic endothelium. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:59-67. [PMID: 35125239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells emerge from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells in select vascular beds during embryonic development. Specification and commitment to the blood lineage, however, occur before endothelial cells are endowed with haemogenic competence, at the time of mesoderm patterning and production of endothelial cell progenitors (angioblasts). Whilst early blood cell fate specification has long been recognized, very little is known about the mechanisms that induce endothelial cell diversification and progressive acquisition of a blood identity by a subset of these cells. Here, we review the endothelial origin of the haematopoietic system and the complex developmental journey of blood-fated angioblasts. We discuss how recent technological advances will be instrumental to examine the diversity of the embryonic anatomical niches, signaling pathways and downstream epigenetic and transcriptional processes controlling endothelial cell heterogeneity and blood cell fate specification. Ultimately, this will give essential insights into the ontogeny of the cells giving rise to haematopoietic stem cells, that may aid in the development of novel strategies for their in vitro production for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien W Ho
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David E Grainger
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hedia Chagraoui
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Porcher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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14
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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15
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Hemogenic and aortic endothelium arise from a common hemogenic angioblast precursor and are specified by the Etv2 dosage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119051119. [PMID: 35333649 PMCID: PMC9060440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated from specialized endothelial cells, called hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). It has been debated whether HECs and non-HSC-forming conventional endothelial cells (cECs) arise from a common precursor or represent distinct lineages. Moreover, the molecular basis underlying their distinct fate determination is poorly understood. We use photoconvertible labeling, time-lapse imaging, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to trace the lineage of HECs. We discovered that HECs and cECs arise from a common hemogenic angioblast precursor, and their distinct fate is determined by high or low dosage of Etv2, respectively. Our results illuminate the lineage origin and a mechanism on the fate determination of HECs, which may enhance the understanding on the ontogeny of HECs in vertebrates.
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16
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Paulissen E, Palmisano NJ, Waxman J, Martin BL. Somite morphogenesis is required for axial blood vessel formation during zebrafish embryogenesis. eLife 2022; 11:74821. [PMID: 35137687 PMCID: PMC8863375 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioblasts that form the major axial blood vessels of the dorsal aorta and cardinal vein migrate toward the embryonic midline from distant lateral positions. Little is known about what controls the precise timing of angioblast migration and their final destination at the midline. Using zebrafish, we found that midline angioblast migration requires neighboring tissue rearrangements generated by somite morphogenesis. The somitic shape changes cause the adjacent notochord to separate from the underlying endoderm, creating a ventral midline cavity that provides a physical space for the angioblasts to migrate into. The anterior to posterior progression of midline angioblast migration is facilitated by retinoic acid-induced anterior to posterior somite maturation and the subsequent progressive opening of the ventral midline cavity. Our work demonstrates a critical role for somite morphogenesis in organizing surrounding tissues to facilitate notochord positioning and angioblast migration, which is ultimately responsible for creating a functional cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Paulissen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Nicholas J Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Joshua Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Benjamin Louis Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
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17
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Della Gaspera B, Weill L, Chanoine C. Evolution of Somite Compartmentalization: A View From Xenopus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790847. [PMID: 35111756 PMCID: PMC8802780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites are transitory metameric structures at the basis of the axial organization of vertebrate musculoskeletal system. During evolution, somites appear in the chordate phylum and compartmentalize mainly into the dermomyotome, the myotome, and the sclerotome in vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the existing literature about somite compartmentalization in Xenopus and compared it with other anamniote and amniote vertebrates. We also present and discuss a model that describes the evolutionary history of somite compartmentalization from ancestral chordates to amniote vertebrates. We propose that the ancestral organization of chordate somite, subdivided into a lateral compartment of multipotent somitic cells (MSCs) and a medial primitive myotome, evolves through two major transitions. From ancestral chordates to vertebrates, the cell potency of MSCs may have evolved and gave rise to all new vertebrate compartments, i.e., the dermomyome, its hypaxial region, and the sclerotome. From anamniote to amniote vertebrates, the lateral MSC territory may expand to the whole somite at the expense of primitive myotome and may probably facilitate sclerotome formation. We propose that successive modifications of the cell potency of some type of embryonic progenitors could be one of major processes of the vertebrate evolution.
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18
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Giambona A, Vinciguerra M, Leto F, Cassarà F, Cucinella G, Cigna V, Orlandi E, Piccione M, Picciotto F, Maggio A. Very early prenatal diagnosis of Cockayne's syndrome by coelocentesis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1524-1531. [PMID: 35006018 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.2014429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne's syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterised by early severe progression of symptoms. This study reports the feasibility of earlier prenatal diagnosis of CS by coelocentesis at 8 weeks of gestation respect to amniocentesis or villocentesis. Three couples at risk for CS asked to perform prenatal diagnosis by coelocentesis. Coelomic fluid was aspired from coelomic cavity in four singleton pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation and 40 foetal cells were recovered by micromanipulator. Maternal DNA contamination was evaluated by quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) and target regions of foetal DNA containing parental mutations of ERCC6 gene were amplified and sequenced. In all these cases, molecular analysis was possible. One foetus resulted affected of CS and the diagnosis was confirmed on placental tissue after voluntary abortion. In three cases, foetuses resulted carrier of a parental mutation and the results were confirmed after the birth. This study suggests that reliable prenatal diagnosis of CS could be performed using foetal cells present in coelomatic fluid in earlier pregnancy. Coelocentesis could be applied in prenatal diagnosis of CSs as well as for other monogenic diseases, at very early stage of pregnancy, if parental mutations are already known.Impact StatementWhat is already know on this subject? Previous studies utilising coelocentesis for prenatal determination of foetal sex reported variable success ranging from 58% to 95%, because of low total DNA content and presence of maternal cell contamination. This procedure has never been reported for early prenatal diagnosis at 8 weeks of gestation for rare genetically transmitted diseases such as Cockayne's syndrome.What do the results of this study add? This study demonstrates that coelomic fluid sampling combined with well-standardised laboratory procedures can be applied for prenatal diagnosis at eight weeks of gestation for any rare monogenic disease if molecular defects are known.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The findings of this study in at risk couples for monogenic diseases investigated by coelocentesis demonstrate that embryo-foetal cell selection from CF allows reliable and early prenatal diagnosis of diseases. This technique is attractive to parents because it provides prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease at least 4 weeks earlier than what can be achieved by the traditional procedures reducing anxiety of parents and provides the option for medical termination of affected cases at 8-10 weeks' gestation, which is less traumatic and safer than second-trimester surgical termination. Further research concerns the possibility to obtain foetal karyotype at eight weeks of gestation and the possibility of intrauterine corrective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giambona
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Margherita Vinciguerra
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Leto
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Cassarà
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Cigna
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orlandi
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Picciotto
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
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19
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Weijts B, Yvernogeau L, Robin C. Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790379. [PMID: 34899758 PMCID: PMC8652083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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20
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Ando K, Ishii T, Fukuhara S. Zebrafish Vascular Mural Cell Biology: Recent Advances, Development, and Functions. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1041. [PMID: 34685412 PMCID: PMC8537713 DOI: 10.3390/life11101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of mural cells to the vascular wall is essential for forming the vasculature as well as maintaining proper vascular functions. In recent years, zebrafish genetic tools for mural cell biology have improved substantially. Fluorescently labeled zebrafish mural cell reporter lines enable us to study, with higher spatiotemporal resolution than ever, the processes of mural cell development from their progenitors. Furthermore, recent phenotypic analysis of platelet-derived growth factor beta mutant zebrafish revealed well-conserved organotypic mural cell development and functions in vertebrates with the unique features of zebrafish. However, comprehensive reviews of zebrafish mural cells are lacking. Therefore, herein, we highlight recent advances in zebrafish mural cell tools. We also summarize the fundamental features of zebrafish mural cell development, especially at early stages, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113 8602, Japan; (T.I.); (S.F.)
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21
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Stone OA, Zhou B, Red-Horse K, Stainier DYR. Endothelial ontogeny and the establishment of vascular heterogeneity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100036. [PMID: 34145927 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of distinct cellular identities was pivotal during the evolution of Metazoa, enabling the emergence of an array of specialized tissues with different functions. In most animals including vertebrates, cell specialization occurs in response to a combination of intrinsic (e.g., cellular ontogeny) and extrinsic (e.g., local environment) factors that drive the acquisition of unique characteristics at the single-cell level. The first functional organ system to form in vertebrates is the cardiovascular system, which is lined by a network of endothelial cells whose organ-specific characteristics have long been recognized. Recent genetic analyses at the single-cell level have revealed that heterogeneity exists not only at the organ level but also between neighboring endothelial cells. Thus, how endothelial heterogeneity is established has become a key question in vascular biology. Drawing upon evidence from multiple organ systems, here we will discuss the role that lineage history may play in establishing endothelial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Stone
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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22
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Aquino JB, Sierra R, Montaldo LA. Diverse cellular origins of adult blood vascular endothelial cells. Dev Biol 2021; 477:117-132. [PMID: 34048734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic stages, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) originate from the mesoderm, at specific extraembryonic and embryonic regions, through a process called vasculogenesis. In the adult, EC renewal/replacement mostly depend on local resident ECs or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Nevertheless, contribution from circulating ECs/EPCs was also reported. In addition, cells lacking from EC/EPC markers with in vitro extended plasticity were shown to originate endothelial-like cells (ELCs). Most of these cells consist of mesenchymal stromal progenitors, which would eventually get mobilized from the bone marrow after injury. Based on that, current knowledge on different mouse and human bone marrow stromal cell (BM-SC) subpopulations, able to contribute with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), is herein reviewed. Such analyses underline an unexpected heterogeneity among sinusoidal LepR+ stromal/CAR cells. For instance, in a recent report a subgroup of LepR+ stromal/CAR progenitors, which express GLAST and is traced in Wnt1Cre;R26RTom mice, was found to contribute with ELCs in vivo. These GLAST + Wnt1+ BM-SCs were shown to get mobilized to the peripheral blood and to contribute with liver regeneration. Other sources of ELCs, such as adipose, neural and dental pulp tissues, were also published. Finally, mechanisms likely involved in the enhanced cellular plasticity properties of bone marrow/adipose tissue stromal cells, able to originate ELCs, are assessed. In the future, strategies to analyze the in vivo expression profile of stromal cells, with MSC properties, in combination with screening of active genomic regions at the single cell-level, during early postnatal development and/or after injury, will likely help understanding properties of these ELC sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B Aquino
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina.
| | - Romina Sierra
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
| | - Laura A Montaldo
- CONICET-Universidad Austral, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Argentina
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23
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Abstract
For more than 2000 years, the avian embryo has helped scientists understand questions of developmental and cell biology. As early as 350 BC Aristotle described embryonic development inside a chicken egg (Aristotle, Generation of animals. Loeb Classical Library (translated), vol. 8, 1943). In the seventeenth century, Marcello Malpighi, referred to as the father of embryology, first diagramed the microscopic morphogenesis of the chick embryo, including extensive characterization of the cardiovascular system (Pearce Eur Neurol 58(4):253-255, 2007; West, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 304(6):L383-L390, 2016). The ease of accessibility to the embryo and similarity to mammalian development have made avians a powerful system among model organisms. Currently, a unique combination of classical and modern techniques is employed for investigation of the vascular system in the avian embryo. Here, we will introduce the essential techniques of embryonic manipulation for experimental study in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Rahman A, Syduzzaman M, Khaliduzzaman A, Fujitani S, Kashimori A, Suzuki T, Ogawa Y, Kondo N. Non-destructive sex-specific monitoring of early embryonic growth rate in light brown broiler eggs using light transmission and its correlation with hatching time and chick weight. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:147-155. [PMID: 32902332 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1820952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Monitoring early embryonic growth rate (EGR) has significant economic and animal welfare benefits. This study focuses on monitoring sex-specific early EGR using light transmission, and correlating this with hatching time and chick weight. For broiler eggs in particular, spectral masking of the light brown eggshells needed to be addressed. This was done using longitudinal visible transmission spectroscopy combined with eggshell colour image analysis. 2. Prior to incubation, colour images of eggs were captured followed by daily measurements of transmission spectra of eggs from days one to nine of incubation. The sex of the eggs was subsequently verified 2 d after hatching. 3. To accurately and sensitively determine sex differences in EGR using light transmission, while minimising interference from eggshell colour and thickness, the ratio of longitudinal transmissions was determined to be most effective at 575 and 610 nm. 3. Embryonic growth was detectable from d 3 (72 h) of incubation, 24 h earlier than previously reported lateral transmission measurements. However, at this time, low blood levels meant that no significant sex-differences (P > 0.05) for the mean T575/T610 ratio were detectable. This may have been due, in part, to spectral masking from the light brown eggshells. At d 7, female embryos had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) mean T575/T610 ratio than males. 4. Although the T575/T610 ratio had low correlations with hatching time and hatch-weight of chicks, this could be a good starting point for further non-destructive investigations for such predictions. 5. In conclusion, the methodology had the sensitivity to differentiate sex-specific early EGR in broiler eggs, even with pigmented eggshells, and has the potential to advance precision hatchery management and poultry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rahman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M Syduzzaman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology , Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - A Khaliduzzaman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University , Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - A Kashimori
- Research and Development, NABEL Co. Ltd , Minami-ku, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Y Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - N Kondo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
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25
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Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1166-1177. [PMID: 32788657 PMCID: PMC8080658 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are attractive regenerative therapy tools for skeletal tissues. However, a deep understanding of skeletal development is required in order to model this development with PSCs, and for the application of PSCs in clinical settings. Skeletal tissues originate from three types of cell populations: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. The paraxial mesoderm gives rise to the sclerotome mainly through somitogenesis. In this process, key developmental processes, including initiation of the segmentation clock, formation of the determination front, and the mesenchymal–epithelial transition, are sequentially coordinated. The sclerotome further forms vertebral columns and contributes to various other tissues, such as tendons, vessels (including the dorsal aorta), and even meninges. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental processes, extensive studies have been conducted. These studies have demonstrated that a gradient of activities involving multiple signaling pathways specify the embryonic axis and induce cell-type-specific master transcription factors in a spatiotemporal manner. Moreover, applying the knowledge of mesoderm development, researchers have attempted to recapitulate the in vivo development processes in in vitro settings, using mouse and human PSCs. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of mesoderm development and in vitro modeling of mesoderm development using PSCs. We also discuss future perspectives on the use of PSCs to generate skeletal tissues for basic research and clinical applications. A deeper understanding of skeletal tissue development and improvements in tissue engineering will help pluripotent stem cell (PSC) therapies to reach their full potential for skeletal repair. The paraxial mesoderm, an embryonic germ layer, is crucial to the formation of healthy axial skeleton. Shoichiro Tani at the University of Tokyo, Japan, and co-workers reviewed current understanding of paraxial mesoderm development and studies involving in vitro PSC skeletal modeling. The formation of the paraxial mesoderm and associated connective tissues comprises multiple stages, and studies in vertebrate embryos have uncovered critical signaling pathways and cellular components important to PSC modeling. Although many individual cellular components can now be modeled, it remains challenging to recreate three-dimensional skeletal tissues. Such an achievement would facilitate a functioning model of bone metabolism, the next step in achieving skeletal regeneration.
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26
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Abstract
The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the developing vertebrate embryo. Despite this central role in development and evolution, the LPM remains challenging to study and to delineate, owing to its lineage complexity and lack of a concise genetic definition. Here, we outline the processes that govern LPM specification, organization, its cell fates and the inferred evolutionary trajectories of LPM-derived tissues. Finally, we discuss the development of seemingly disparate organ systems that share a common LPM origin. Summary: The lateral plate mesoderm is the origin of several major cell types and organ systems in the vertebrate body plan. How this mesoderm territory emerges and partitions into its downstream fates provides clues about vertebrate development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Takase Y, Takahashi Y. Blood flow-mediated gene transfer and siRNA-knockdown in the developing vasculature in a spatio-temporally controlled manner in chicken embryos. Dev Biol 2019; 456:8-16. [PMID: 31400307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method by which early developing vasculature can be gene-manipulated independently of the heart in a spatio-temporally controlled manner. Lipofectamine 2000 or 3000, an easy-to-use lipid reagent, has been found to yield a high efficiency of transfection when co-injected with GFP DNA within a critical range of lipid concentration. By exploiting developmentally changing patterns of vasculature and blood flow, we have succeed in controlling the site of transfection: injection with a lipid-DNA cocktail into the heart before or after the blood circulation starts results in a limited and widely spread patterns of transfection, respectively. Furthermore, a cocktail injection into the right dorsal aorta leads to transgenesis of the right half of embryonic vasculature. In addition, this method combined with the siRNA technique has allowed, for the first time, to knockdown the endogenous expression of VE-cadherin (also called Cdh5), which has been implicated in assembly of nasant blood vessels: when Cah5 siRNA is injected into the right dorsal aorta, pronounced defects in the right half of vasculature are observed without heart defects. Whereas infusion-mediated gene transfection method has previously been reported using lipid reagents that were elaborately prepared on their own, Lipofectamine is an easy-use reagent with no requirement of special expertise. The methods reported here would overcome shortcomings of conventional vascular-transgenic animals, such as mice and zebrafish, in which pan-endothelial enhancer-driven transgenesis often leads to the heart malformation, which, in turn, indirectly affects peripheral vasculature due to flow defects. Since a variety of subtypes in vasculature have increasingly been appreciated, the spatio-temporally controllable gene manipulation described in this study offers a powerful tool to understand how the vasculature is established at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takase
- Mathematics-based Creation of Science Program (MACS), Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; AMED Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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28
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In vivo generation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow-derived haemogenic endothelium. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1334-1345. [PMID: 31685991 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated from a transient subset of specialized endothelial cells termed haemogenic, present in the yolk sac, placenta and aorta, through an endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). HSPC generation via EHT is thought to be restricted to the early stages of development. By using experimental embryology and genetic approaches in birds and mice, respectively, we document here the discovery of a bone marrow haemogenic endothelium in the late fetus/young adult. These cells are capable of de novo producing a cohort of HSPCs in situ that harbour a very specific molecular signature close to that of aortic endothelial cells undergoing EHT or their immediate progenies, i.e., recently emerged HSPCs. Taken together, our results reveal that HSPCs can be generated de novo past embryonic stages. Understanding the molecular events controlling this production will be critical for devising innovative therapies.
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29
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Abstract
Evidence of the diversity and multi-layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to new insights that may inform ex vivo production of blood cells. Interestingly, not all long-lived hematopoietic cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we review the current knowledge on HSC-dependent cell lineages and HSC-independent tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and how they arise during embryonic development. Classical embryological and genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information on the molecular/cell trajectories that form the complete hematopoietic system. We also discuss the current developmentally informed efforts toward generating engraftable and multilineage blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dzierzak
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Stone OA, Stainier DYR. Paraxial Mesoderm Is the Major Source of Lymphatic Endothelium. Dev Cell 2019; 50:247-255.e3. [PMID: 31130354 PMCID: PMC6658618 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), which line blood and lymphatic vessels, are generally described to come from the lateral plate mesoderm despite experimental evidence for a broader source of origin, including the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Current dogma suggests that following specification from mesoderm, local environmental cues establish the distinct molecular and functional characteristics of ECs in different vascular beds. Here we present evidence to challenge this view, showing that lymphatic EC fate is imprinted during transition through the PXM lineage. We show that PXM-derived cells form the lymphatic endothelium of multiple organs and tissues, with a more restricted contribution to blood vessel endothelium. By deleting Prox1 specifically in PXM-derived cells, we show that this lineage is indispensable for lymphatic vessel development. Collectively, our data establish lineage history as a critical determinant of EC specialization, a finding with broad implications for our understanding of vascular development and heterogeneity. Lineage history is a key determinant of endothelial cell specialization Endothelial cells arising from paraxial mesoderm preferentially form lymphatic vessels Paraxial-mesoderm-derived endothelial cells are essential for lymphatic development
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Stone
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.
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31
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Ottersbach K. Endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition: an update on the process of making blood. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:591-601. [PMID: 30902922 PMCID: PMC6490701 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The first definitive blood cells during embryogenesis are derived from endothelial cells in a highly conserved process known as endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). This conversion involves activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in a subset of endothelial cells in the major vasculature of the embryo, followed by major morphological changes that result in transitioning cells rounding up, breaking the tight junctions to neighbouring endothelial cells and adopting a haematopoietic fate. The whole process is co-ordinated by a complex interplay of key transcription factors and signalling pathways, with additional input from surrounding tissues. Diverse model systems, including mouse, chick and zebrafish embryos as well as differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro, have contributed to the elucidation of the details of the EHT, which was greatly accelerated in recent years by sophisticated live imaging techniques and advances in transcriptional profiling, such as single-cell RNA-Seq. A detailed knowledge of these developmental events is required in order to be able to apply it to the generation of haematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro - an achievement which is of obvious clinical importance. The aim of this review is to summarise the latest findings and describe how these may have contributed towards achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, U.K.
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32
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Boss AL, Chamley LW, James JL. Placental formation in early pregnancy: how is the centre of the placenta made? Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:750-760. [PMID: 30257012 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct development of the placenta is critical to establishing pregnancy and inadequate placentation leads to implantation failure and miscarriage, as well as later gestation pregnancy disorders. Much attention has been focused on the placental trophoblasts and it is clear that the trophoblast lineages arise from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. In contrast, the cells of the placental mesenchyme are thought to arise from the inner cell mass, but the details of this process are limited. Due to ethical constraints and the inaccessibility of very early implantation tissues, our knowledge of early placentation has been largely based on historical histological sections. More recently, stem cell technologies have begun to shed important new light on the origins of the placental mesenchymal lineages. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to amalgamate the older and more modern literature regarding the origins of the non-trophoblast lineages of the human placenta. We highlight ways in which rapidly developing stem cell technologies may shed new light on these crucial peri-implantation events. SEARCH METHODS Relevant articles were identified using the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines. A pearl growing method was used to expand the scope of papers relevant to the cell differentiation events of non-trophoblast placental lineages. OUTCOMES At the start of pregnancy, cells of the extraembyronic mesoderm migrate to underlie the primitive trophoblast layers forming the first placental villi. The mesenchymal cells in the villus core most likely originate from the hypoblast of the embryo, but whether cells from the epiblast also contribute is yet to be determined. This is important because, following the formation of the villus core, vasculogenesis and haematopoiesis take place in the nascent placenta before it is connected to the embryonic circulation, making it likely that haematopoietic foci, placental macrophages, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells all arise in the placenta de novo. Evidence from the stem cell field indicates that these cells could directly differentiate from the extraembryonic mesoderm. However, the lineage hierarchy involved in cell fate decisions has not been well-established. Mesodermal progenitors capable of differentiating into both vascular and haematopoietic lineages can be derived from human embryonic stem cells, but the identification of such stem cells in the placenta is lacking. Future work profiling rare progenitor populations in early placentae will aid our understanding of early placentation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding the origins of the cell lineages of the normal placenta will help us understand why so many pregnancies fail and address mechanisms that may salvage some of these losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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33
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Slukvin II, Uenishi GI. Arterial identity of hemogenic endothelium: a key to unlock definitive hematopoietic commitment in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. Exp Hematol 2018; 71:3-12. [PMID: 30500414 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the de novo production of blood cells for transfusion, immunotherapies, and transplantation. However, even with advanced hematopoietic differentiation methods, the primitive and myeloid-restricted waves of hematopoiesis dominate in hPSC differentiation cultures, whereas cell surface markers to distinguish these waves of hematopoiesis from lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis remain unknown. In the embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise from hemogenic endothelium (HE) lining arteries, but not veins. This observation led to a long-standing hypothesis that arterial specification is an essential prerequisite to initiate the HSC program. It has also been established that lymphoid potential in the yolk sac and extraembryonic vasculature is mostly confined to arteries, whereas myeloid-restricted hematopoiesis is not specific to arterial vessels. Here, we review how the link between arterialization and the subsequent definitive multilineage hematopoietic program can be exploited to identify HE enriched in lymphoid progenitors and aid in in vitro approaches to enhance the production of lymphoid cells and potentially HSCs from hPSCs. We also discuss alternative models of hematopoietic specification at arterial sites and recent advances in our understanding of hematopoietic development and the production of engraftable hematopoietic cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Gene I Uenishi
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
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34
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Kang H, Mesquitta WT, Jung HS, Moskvin OV, Thomson JA, Slukvin II. GATA2 Is Dispensable for Specification of Hemogenic Endothelium but Promotes Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:197-211. [PMID: 29861167 PMCID: PMC6066910 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor GATA2 is required for blood and hematopoietic stem cell formation during the hemogenic endothelium (HE) stage of development in the embryo. However, it is unclear if GATA2 controls HE lineage specification or if it solely regulates endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To address this problem, we innovated a unique system, which involved generating GATA2 knockout human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines with conditional GATA2 expression (iG2-/- hESCs). We demonstrated that GATA2 activity is not required for VE-cadherin+CD43-CD73+ non-HE or VE-cadherin+CD43-CD73- HE generation and subsequent HE diversification into DLL4+ arterial and DLL4- non-arterial lineages. However, GATA2 is primarily needed for HE to undergo EHT. Forced expression of GATA2 in non-HE failed to induce blood formation. The lack of GATA2 requirement for generation of HE and non-HE indicates the critical role of GATA2-independent pathways in specification of these two distinct endothelial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJun Kang
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Walatta-Tseyon Mesquitta
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Oleg V Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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35
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Shafiee A, Patel J, Hutmacher DW, Fisk NM, Khosrotehrani K. Meso-Endothelial Bipotent Progenitors from Human Placenta Display Distinct Molecular and Cellular Identity. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:890-904. [PMID: 29478891 PMCID: PMC5918195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of bipotential precursors for both mesenchymal and endothelial stem/progenitor cells in human postnatal life is debated. Here, we hypothesized that such progenitors are present within the human term placenta. From a heterogeneous placental single-cell suspension, a directly flow-sorted CD45-CD34+CD144+CD31Lo population uniquely differentiated into both endothelial and mesenchymal colonies in limiting dilution culture assays. Of interest, these bipotent cells were in vessel walls but not in contact with the circulation. RNA sequencing and functional analysis demonstrated that Notch signaling was a key driver for endothelial and bipotential progenitor function. In contrast, the formation of mesenchymal cells from the bipotential population was not affected by TGFβ receptor inhibition, a classical pathway for endothelial-mesenchymal transition. This study reveals a bipotent progenitor phenotype in the human placenta at the cellular and molecular levels, giving rise to endothelial and mesenchymal cells ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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36
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Giambona A, Leto F, Passarello C, Vinciguerra M, Cigna V, Schillaci G, Picciotto F, Lauricella S, Nicolaides KH, Makrydimas G, Damiani G, Maggio A. Fetal aneuploidy diagnosed at celocentesis for early prenatal diagnosis of congenital hemoglobinopathies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:312-321. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giambona
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Diseases; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Filippo Leto
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Diseases; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Cristina Passarello
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Diseases; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Margherita Vinciguerra
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Diseases; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Valentina Cigna
- Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanna Schillaci
- Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | | | | | | | - George Makrydimas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ioannina University Hospital; Ioannina Greece
| | - Gianfranca Damiani
- Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs; Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Diseases; Hospital Villa Sofia Cervello; Palermo Italy
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37
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Abstract
Not all hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are alike. They differ in their physical characteristics such as cell cycle status and cell surface marker phenotype, they respond to different extrinsic signals, and they have different lineage outputs following transplantation. The growing body of evidence that supports heterogeneity within HSCs, which constitute the most robust cell fraction at the foundation of the adult hematopoietic system, is currently of great interest and raises questions as to why HSC subtypes exist, how they are generated and whether HSC heterogeneity affects leukemogenesis or treatment options. This Review provides a developmental overview of HSC subtypes during embryonic, fetal and adult stages of hematopoiesis and discusses the possible origins and consequences of HSC heterogeneity. Summary: This Review takes a close look at hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity during development and in the adult, and discusses several different ways in which this heterogeneity may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Crisan
- University of Edinburgh, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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38
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Asai R, Haneda Y, Seya D, Arima Y, Fukuda K, Kurihara Y, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Kurihara H. Amniogenic somatopleure: a novel origin of multiple cell lineages contributing to the cardiovascular system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8955. [PMID: 28827655 PMCID: PMC5566219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatopleure is the amniotic primordium in amniote development, but its boundary to the embryonic body at early embryonic stages and the fate of cells constituting this structure are not well characterized. It also remains unclear how cells behave during the demarcation between intra- and extra-embryonic tissues. Here we identify cellular alignments, which indicate two streams towards the sites of dorsal amniotic closure and ventral thoracic wall formation. A subpopulation of mesodermal cells moving ventrally from the somatopleural region adjacent to the base of the head fold enter the body of the embryo and distribute to the thoracic wall, pharyngeal arches and heart. These cells are induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes possibly by FGF and BMP signaling, respectively. These results indicate that the somatopleure acting as the amniotic primordium also serves as a source of embryonic cells, which may contribute to cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yuka Haneda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiki Seya
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kimiko Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Technology, Yamazaki Gakuen University, 4-7-2 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0364, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan. .,Institute for Biology and Mathematics of Dynamical Cell Processes (iBMath), The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8914, Japan.
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39
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Klaus A, Robin C. Embryonic hematopoiesis under microscopic observation. Dev Biol 2017; 428:318-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Ramalingam P, Poulos MG, Butler JM. Regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell lifecycle by the endothelial niche. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:289-299. [PMID: 28594660 PMCID: PMC5554937 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) predominantly reside either in direct contact or in close proximity to the vascular endothelium throughout their lifespan. From the moment of HSC embryonic specification from hemogenic endothelium, endothelial cells (ECs) act as a critical cellular-hub that regulates a vast repertoire of biological processes crucial for HSC maintenance throughout its lifespan. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in endothelial niche-mediated regulation of HSC function during development, aging and regenerative conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Studies employing genetic vascular models have unequivocally confirmed that ECs provide the essential instructive cues for HSC emergence during embryonic development as well as adult HSC maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration. Aging of ECs may impair their ability to maintain HSC function contributing to the development of aging-associated hematopoietic deficiencies. These findings have opened up new avenues to explore the therapeutic application of ECs. ECs can be adapted to serve as an instructive platform to expand bona fide HSCs and also utilized as a cellular therapy to promote regeneration of the hematopoietic system following myelosuppressive and myeloablative injuries. SUMMARY ECs provide a fertile niche for maintenance of functional HSCs throughout their lifecycle. An improved understanding of the EC-HSC cross-talk will pave the way for development of EC-directed strategies for improving HSC function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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Mills B, Gest T. Persistent double dorsal aorta: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Anat 2017; 30:517-524. [PMID: 28192856 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our discovery of a case of persistent double dorsal aorta prompted us to systematically review the literature of all previously reported cases of this anomaly. For our case, we present a completely separated double dorsal aorta, with the right accessory aorta arising from the abdominal aorta and ascending through the aortic hiatus to supply posterior intercostal arteries (PIAs) to the 9th-3rd spaces bilaterally. We examined and compiled data from the 10 previously reported cases, along with our observations from our cadaver, into a systematic review of all known cases of persistent double dorsal aorta. In addition to our case report and systematic review, we investigated the literature focusing on formation of the dorsal aorta in the embryo in order to postulate potential mechanisms for formation of this anomaly. Two variants of persistent double dorsal aorta have been reported in the literature. The first type is characterized by a double-lumen descending aorta with a central dividing septum, and the second features complete separation of the two dorsal aortae. The completely separated variant shows further heterogeneity in the origins of the PIAs and the iliac arteries, and the majority of the reported cases also demonstrate additional anatomical anomalies. We outline the events in embryonic dorsal aorta formation as well as discuss several potential mechanisms that could underlie persistent double dorsal aorta formation. Clin. Anat. 30:517-524, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Mills
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas
| | - Thomas Gest
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center El Paso Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas
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42
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Ribatti D. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 70:97-101. [PMID: 27832950 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During avian development the mesodermal layers of the allantois and chorion fuse to form the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This structure rapidly expands generating a rich vascular network that provides an interface for gas and waste exchange. The CAM allows to study tissue grafts, tumor growth and metastasis, drugs delivery and toxicologic analysis, and angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. The CAM is relatively simple, quick, and low-cost model that allows screening of a large number of pharmacological samples in a short time; does not require administrative procedures for obtaining ethics committee approval for animal experimentation. Moreover, being naturally immunodeficient, the chick embryo may receive transplantations from different tissues and species, without immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
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Uchida N, Haro-Mora JJ, Fujita A, Lee DY, Winkler T, Hsieh MM, Tisdale JF. Efficient Generation of β-Globin-Expressing Erythroid Cells Using Stromal Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. Stem Cells 2016; 35:586-596. [PMID: 27739611 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent an ideal source for in vitro modeling of erythropoiesis and a potential alternative source for red blood cell transfusions. However, iPS cell-derived erythroid cells predominantly produce ε- and γ-globin without β-globin production. We recently demonstrated that ES cell-derived sacs (ES sacs), known to express hemangioblast markers, allow for efficient erythroid cell generation with β-globin production. In this study, we generated several iPS cell lines derived from bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and peripheral blood erythroid progenitors (EPs) from sickle cell disease patients, and evaluated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) generation after iPS sac induction as well as subsequent erythroid differentiation. MSC-derived iPS sacs yielded greater amounts of immature hematopoietic progenitors (VEGFR2 + GPA-), definitive HSPCs (CD34 + CD45+), and megakaryoerythroid progenitors (GPA + CD41a+), as compared to EP-derived iPS sacs. Erythroid differentiation from MSC-derived iPS sacs resulted in greater amounts of erythroid cells (GPA+) and higher β-globin (and βS-globin) expression, comparable to ES sac-derived cells. These data demonstrate that human MSC-derived iPS sacs allow for more efficient erythroid cell generation with higher β-globin production, likely due to heightened emergence of immature progenitors. Our findings should be important for iPS cell-derived erythroid cell generation. Stem Cells 2017;35:586-596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Uchida
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Matthew M Hsieh
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Julien E, El Omar R, Tavian M. Origin of the hematopoietic system in the human embryo. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3987-4001. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Julien
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Reine El Omar
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
| | - Manuela Tavian
- Inserm UMR-S949; Etablissement Français du Sang-ALCA; University of Strasbourg; France
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Ciau-Uitz A, Patient R. The embryonic origins and genetic programming of emerging haematopoietic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4002-4015. [PMID: 27531714 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the haemogenic endothelium (HE) localised in the ventral wall of the embryonic dorsal aorta (DA). The HE generates HSCs through a process known as the endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT), which has been visualised in live embryos and is currently under intense study. However, EHT is the culmination of multiple programming events, which are as yet poorly understood, that take place before the specification of HE. A number of haematopoietic precursor cells have been described before the emergence of definitive HSCs, but only one haematovascular progenitor, the definitive haemangioblast (DH), gives rise to the DA, HE and HSCs. DHs emerge in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and have a distinct origin and genetic programme compared to other, previously described haematovascular progenitors. Although DHs have so far only been established in Xenopus embryos, evidence for their existence in the LPM of mouse and chicken embryos is discussed here. We also review the current knowledge of the origins, lineage relationships, genetic programming and differentiation of the DHs that leads to the generation of HSCs. Importantly, we discuss the significance of the gene regulatory network (GRN) that controls the programming of DHs, a better understanding of which may aid in the establishment of protocols for the de novo generation of HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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Ribatti D. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). A multifaceted experimental model. Mech Dev 2016; 141:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yvernogeau L, Gautier R, Khoury H, Menegatti S, Schmidt M, Gilles JF, Jaffredo T. An in vitro model of hemogenic endothelium commitment and hematopoietic production. Development 2016; 143:1302-12. [PMID: 26952980 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult-type hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are formed during ontogeny from a specialized subset of endothelium, termed the hemogenic endothelium, via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that occurs in the embryonic aorta and the associated arteries. Despite efforts to generate models, little is known about the mechanisms that drive endothelial cells to the hemogenic fate and about the subsequent molecular control of the EHT. Here, we have designed a stromal line-free controlled culture system utilizing the embryonic pre-somitic mesoderm to obtain large numbers of endothelial cells that subsequently commit into hemogenic endothelium before undergoing EHT. Monitoring the culture for up to 12 days using key molecular markers reveals stepwise commitment into the blood-forming system that is reminiscent of the cellular and molecular changes occurring during hematopoietic development at the level of the aorta. Long-term single-cell imaging allows tracking of the EHT of newly formed blood cells from the layer of hemogenic endothelial cells. By modifying the culture conditions, it is also possible to modulate the endothelial cell commitment or the EHT or to produce smooth muscle cells at the expense of endothelial cells, demonstrating the versatility of the cell culture system. This method will improve our understanding of the precise cellular changes associated with hemogenic endothelium commitment and EHT and, by unfolding these earliest steps of the hematopoietic program, will pave the way for future ex vivo production of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvernogeau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rodolphe Gautier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hanane Khoury
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sara Menegatti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
| | - Melanie Schmidt
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jean-Francois Gilles
- Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Cellular Imaging Facility, Paris 75005, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR 7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France CNRS, UMR 7622, Inserm U 1156, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75005, France
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Fujita A, Uchida N, Haro-Mora JJ, Winkler T, Tisdale J. β-Globin-Expressing Definitive Erythroid Progenitor Cells Generated from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sacs. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1541-52. [PMID: 26866725 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent a potential alternative source for red blood cell transfusion. However, when using traditional methods with embryoid bodies, ES cell-derived erythroid cells predominantly express embryonic type ɛ-globin, with lesser fetal type γ-globin and very little adult type β-globin. Furthermore, no β-globin expression is detected in iPS cell-derived erythroid cells. ES cell-derived sacs (ES sacs) have been recently used to generate functional platelets. Due to its unique structure, we hypothesized that ES sacs serve as hemangioblast-like progenitors capable to generate definitive erythroid cells that express β-globin. With our ES sac-derived erythroid differentiation protocol, we obtained ∼120 erythroid cells per single ES cell. Both primitive (ɛ-globin expressing) and definitive (γ- and β-globin expressing) erythroid cells were generated from not only ES cells but also iPS cells. Primitive erythropoiesis is gradually switched to definitive erythropoiesis during prolonged ES sac maturation, concurrent with the emergence of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Primitive and definitive erythroid progenitor cells were selected on the basis of glycophorin A or CD34 expression from cells within the ES sacs before erythroid differentiation. This selection and differentiation strategy represents an important step toward the development of in vitro erythroid cell production systems from pluripotent stem cells. Further optimization to improve expansion should be required for clinical application. Stem Cells 2016;34:1541-1552.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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49
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Abstract
SCL, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix family, is a master regulator of hematopoiesis. Scl specifies lateral plate mesoderm to a hematopoietic fate and establishes boundaries by inhibiting the cardiac lineage. A combinatorial interaction between Scl and Vegfa/Flk1 sets in motion the first wave of primitive hematopoiesis. Subsequently, definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the embryo proper via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition controlled by Runx1, acting with Scl and Gata2. Past this stage, Scl in steady state HSCs is redundant with Lyl1, a highly homologous factor. However, Scl is haploinsufficient in stress response, when a rare subpopulation of HSCs with very long term repopulating capacity is called into action. SCL activates transcription by recruiting a core complex on DNA that necessarily includes E2A/HEB, GATA1-3, LIM-only proteins LMO1/2, LDB1, and an extended complex comprising ETO2, RUNX1, ERG, or FLI1. These interactions confer multifunctionality to a complex that can control cell proliferation in erythroid progenitors or commitment to terminal differentiation through variations in single component. Ectopic SCL and LMO1/2 expression in immature thymocytes activates of a stem cell gene network and reprogram cells with a finite lifespan into self-renewing preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs), an initiating event in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Interestingly, fate conversion of fibroblasts to hematoendothelial cells requires not only Scl and Lmo2 but also Gata2, Runx1, and Erg, indicating a necessary collaboration between these transcription factors for hematopoietic reprogramming. Nonetheless, full reprogramming into self-renewing multipotent HSCs may require additional factors and most likely, a permissive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hoang
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis and Leukemia, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - J A Lambert
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis and Leukemia, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Martin
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis and Leukemia, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cordeiro IR, Lopes DV, Abreu JG, Carneiro K, Rossi MID, Brito JM. Chick embryo xenograft model reveals a novel perineural niche for human adipose-derived stromal cells. Biol Open 2015; 4:1180-93. [PMID: 26319582 PMCID: PMC4582113 DOI: 10.1242/bio.010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) are a heterogeneous cell population that contains adult multipotent stem cells. Although it is well established that hADSC have skeletal potential in vivo in adult organisms, in vitro assays suggest further differentiation capacity, such as into glia. Thus, we propose that grafting hADSC into the embryo can provide them with a much more instructive microenvironment, allowing the human cells to adopt diverse fates or niches. Here, hADSC spheroids were grafted into either the presumptive presomitic mesoderm or the first branchial arch (BA1) regions of chick embryos. Cells were identified without previous manipulations via human-specific Alu probes, which allows efficient long-term tracing of heterogeneous primary cultures. When grafted into the trunk, in contrast to previous studies, hADSC were not found in chondrogenic or osteogenic territories up to E8. Surprisingly, 82.5% of the hADSC were associated with HNK1+ tissues, such as peripheral nerves. Human skin fibroblasts showed a smaller tropism for nerves. In line with other studies, hADSC also adopted perivascular locations. When grafted into the presumptive BA1, 74.6% of the cells were in the outflow tract, the final goal of cardiac neural crest cells, and were also associated with peripheral nerves. This is the first study showing that hADSC could adopt a perineural niche in vivo and were able to recognize cues for neural crest cell migration of the host. Therefore, we propose that xenografts of human cells into chick embryos can reveal novel behaviors of heterogeneous cell populations, such as response to migration cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Cordeiro
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Daiana V Lopes
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - José G Abreu
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Maria I D Rossi
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - José M Brito
- Morphological Sciences Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
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