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Surette E, Donahue J, Robinson S, McKenna D, Martinez CS, Fitzgerald B, Karlstrom RO, Cumplido N, McMenamin SK. Adult caudal fin shape is imprinted in the embryonic fin fold. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603744. [PMID: 39071346 PMCID: PMC11275767 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Appendage shape is formed during development (and re-formed during regeneration) according to spatial and temporal cues that orchestrate local cellular morphogenesis. The caudal fin is the primary appendage used for propulsion in most fish species, and exhibits a range of distinct morphologies adapted for different swimming strategies, however the molecular mechanisms responsible for generating these diverse shapes remain mostly unknown. In zebrafish, caudal fins display a forked shape, with longer supportive bony rays at the periphery and shortest rays at the center. Here, we show that a premature, transient pulse of sonic hedgehog a (shha) overexpression during late embryonic development results in excess proliferation and growth of the central rays, causing the adult caudal fin to grow into a triangular, truncate shape. Both global and regional ectopic shha overexpression are sufficient to alter fin shape, and forked shape may be rescued by subsequent treatment with an antagonist of the canonical Shh pathway. The induced truncate fins show a decreased fin ray number and fail to form the hypural diastema that normally separates the dorsal and ventral fin lobes. While forked fins regenerate their original forked morphology, truncate fins regenerate truncate, suggesting that positional memory of the fin rays can be permanently altered by a transient treatment during embryogenesis. Ray finned fish have evolved a wide spectrum of caudal fin morphologies, ranging from truncate to forked, and the current work offers insights into the developmental mechanisms that may underlie this shape diversity.
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VanWinkle PE, Lee E, Wynn B, Nawara TJ, Thomas H, Parant J, Alvarez C, Serra R, Sztul E. Disruption of the creb3l1 gene causes defects in caudal fin regeneration and patterning in zebrafish Danio rerio. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39003620 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene cAMP-Responsive Element Binding protein 3-like-1 (CREB3L1) has been implicated in bone development in mice, with CREB3L1 knock-out mice exhibiting fragile bones, and in humans, with CREB3L1 mutations linked to osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the mechanism through which Creb3l1 regulates bone development is not fully understood. RESULTS To probe the role of Creb3l1 in organismal physiology, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate a Danio rerio (zebrafish) model of Creb3l1 deficiency. In contrast to mammalian phenotypes, the Creb3l1 deficient fish do not display abnormalities in osteogenesis, except for a decrease in the bifurcation pattern of caudal fin. Both, skeletal morphology and overall bone density appear normal in the mutant fish. However, the regeneration of caudal fin postamputation is significantly affected, with decreased overall regenerate and mineralized bone area. Moreover, the mutant fish exhibit a severe patterning defect during regeneration, with a significant decrease in bifurcation complexity of the fin rays and distalization of the bifurcation sites. Analysis of genes implicated in bone development showed aberrant patterning of shha and ptch2 in Creb3l1 deficient fish, linking Creb3l1 with Sonic Hedgehog signaling during fin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover a novel role for Creb3l1 in regulating tissue growth and patterning during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton E VanWinkle
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bridge Wynn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Holly Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cecilia Alvarez
- CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa Serra
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Cadiz L, Reed M, Monis S, Akimenko MA, Jonz MG. Identification of signalling pathways involved in gill regeneration in zebrafish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246290. [PMID: 38099598 PMCID: PMC10906665 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of regeneration of the organs involved in respiratory gas exchange amongst vertebrates is heterogeneous. In some species of amphibians and fishes, the gills regenerate completely following resection or amputation, whereas in mammals, only partial, facultative regeneration of lung tissue occurs following injury. Given the homology between gills and lungs, the capacity of gill regeneration in aquatic species is of major interest in determining the underlying molecular or signalling pathways involved in respiratory organ regeneration. In the present study, we used adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to characterize signalling pathways involved in the early stages of gill regeneration. Regeneration of the gills was induced by resection of gill filaments and observed over a period of up to 10 days. We screened for the effects on regeneration of the drugs SU5402, dorsomorphin and LY411575, which inhibit FGF, BMP or Notch signalling pathways, respectively. Exposure to each drug for 5 days significantly reduced regrowth of filament tips in regenerating tissue, compared with unresected controls. In separate experiments under normal conditions of regeneration, we used reverse transcription quantitative PCR and observed an increased expression of genes encoding for the bone morphogenetic factor, Bmp2b, fibroblast growth factor, Fgf8a, a transcriptional regulator (Her6) involved in Notch signalling, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shha), in regenerating gills at 10 day post-resection, compared with unresected controls. In situ hybridization confirmed that all four genes were expressed in regenerating gill tissue. This study implicates BMP, FGF, Notch and Shh signalling in gill regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cadiz
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Maddison Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Simon Monis
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | | | - Michael G. Jonz
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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4
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Narra SS, Gence L, Youssouf L, Couprie J, Giraud P, Diotel N, Lefebvre D'Hellencourt C. Curcumin-Encapsulated Nanomicelles Promote Tissue Regeneration in Zebrafish Eleutheroembryo. Zebrafish 2023; 20:200-209. [PMID: 37643300 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of research aiming to understand the wound healing mechanisms and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Nanocarriers are used to improve drug bioavailability, solubility, and therapeutic abilities. In this study, we used for the first time curcumin loaded oligo kappa-carrageenan-graft-polycaprolactone (oligoKC-g-PCL) nanomicelles to investigate their regenerative potential using a model of tail amputation in zebrafish eleutheroembryo. First, we showed that curcumin encapsulated oligoKC-g-PCL spherical micelles had a mean size of 92 ± 32 nm and that micelles were successfully loaded with curcumin. These micelles showed a slow and controlled drug release over 72 h. The toxicity of curcumin nanomicelles was then tested on zebrafish eleutheroembryo based on the survival rate after 24 h. At nontoxic concentration, curcumin nanomicelles improved tail regeneration within 3 days postamputation, compared with empty micelles or curcumin alone. Furthermore, we demonstrated that curcumin nanomicelles increased the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages 6 h postlesion. Finally, our study highlights the efficiency of oligoKC-g-PCL nanomicelles for encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules such as curcumin. Indeed, our study demonstrates that curcumin nanomicelles can modulate inflammatory reactions in vivo and promote regenerative processes. However, further investigations will be required to better understand the mechanisms sustaining regeneration and to develop new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sandhya Narra
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Latufa Youssouf
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Joël Couprie
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Giraud
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre D'Hellencourt
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
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5
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Seaver AW, Weaver NS, Iovine MK. Retinoic Acid Influences connexin43 Expression During Joint Formation in the Regenerating Zebrafish Fin. Bioelectricity 2023; 5:173-180. [PMID: 37746310 PMCID: PMC10516236 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The regenerating zebrafish fin skeleton is comprised of multiple bony fin rays, each made of alternating bony segments and fin ray joints. This pattern is regulated by the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43), which provides instructional cues to skeletal precursor cells (SPCs). Elevated Cx43 favors osteoblast differentiation and disfavors joint forming cell differentiation. The goal of this article is to test if retinoic acid (RA) contributes to the regulation of cx43 expression. Materials and Methods Functional studies inhibiting the RA-synthesizing enzyme Adh1a2 were evaluated using in situ hybridization to monitor gene expression and with measurements of the length of fin ray segments to monitor impacts on SPC differentiation and joint formation. Results Aldh1a2-knockdown leads to reduced expression of cx43 and increased expression of evx1, a gene required for joint formation. Additionally, inhibition of Aldh1a2 function leads to short fin ray segments. We also find evidence for synergy between aldh1a2 and cx43, suggesting that these genes function in a common molecular pathway to regulate joint formation. Conclusions The role of RA is to promote cx43 expression in the regenerating fin to regulate joint formation and the length of bony fin ray segments. We suggest that RA signaling must coordinate with additional pathways that also regulate cx43 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Seaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noah S. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Charest F, Mondéjar Fernández J, Grünbaum T, Cloutier R. Evolution of median fin patterning and modularity in living and fossil osteichthyans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272246. [PMID: 36921006 PMCID: PMC10016723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological and developmental similarities, and interactions among developing structures are interpreted as evidences of modularity. Such similarities exist between the dorsal and anal fins of living actinopterygians, on the anteroposterior axis: (1) both fins differentiate in the same direction [dorsal and anal fin patterning module (DAFPM)], and (2) radials and lepidotrichia differentiate in the same direction [endoskeleton and exoskeleton module (EEM)]. To infer the evolution of these common developmental patternings among osteichthyans, we address (1) the complete description and quantification of the DAFPM and EEM in a living actinopterygian (the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) and (2) the presence of these modules in fossil osteichthyans (coelacanths, lungfishes, porolepiforms and 'osteolepiforms'). In Oncorhynchus, sequences of skeletal elements are determined based on (1) apparition (radials and lepidotrichia), (2) chondrification (radials), (3) ossification (radials and lepidotrichia), and (4) segmentation plus bifurcation (lepidotrichia). Correlations are then explored between sequences. In fossil osteichthyans, sequences are determined based on (1) ossification (radials and lepidotrichia), (2) segmentation, and (3) bifurcation of lepidotrichia. Segmentation and bifurcation patterns were found crucial for comparisons between extant and extinct osteichthyan taxa. Our data suggest that the EEM is plesiomorphic at least for actinopterygians, and the DAFPM is plesiomorphic for osteichthyans, with homoplastic dissociation. Finally, recurrent patterns suggest the presence of a Lepidotrichia Patterning Module (LPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- France Charest
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
- Parc National de Miguasha, Nouvelle, Québec, Canada
| | - Jorge Mondéjar Fernández
- Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie–Paris, Département Origines & Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7207 (MNHN–Sorbonne Université–CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Grünbaum
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Cloutier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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7
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Evolutionary differentiation of androgen receptor is responsible for sexual characteristic development in a teleost fish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1428. [PMID: 36918573 PMCID: PMC10014959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes exhibit complex sexual characteristics in response to androgens, such as fin enlargement and courtship display. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their evolutionary acquisition remain largely unknown. To address this question, we analyse medaka (Oryzias latipes) mutants deficient in teleost-specific androgen receptor ohnologs (ara and arb). We discovered that neither ar ohnolog was required for spermatogenesis, whilst they appear to be functionally redundant for the courtship display in males. However, both were required for reproductive success: ara for tooth enlargement and the reproductive behaviour eliciting female receptivity, arb for male-specific fin morphogenesis and sexual motivation. We further showed that differences between the two ar ohnologs in their transcription, cellular localisation of their encoded proteins, and their downstream genetic programmes could be responsible for the phenotypic diversity between the ara and arb mutants. These findings suggest that the ar ohnologs have diverged in two ways: first, through the loss of their roles in spermatogenesis and second, through gene duplication followed by functional differentiation that has likely resolved the pleiotropic roles derived from their ancestral gene. Thus, our results provide insights into how genome duplication impacts the massive diversification of sexual characteristics in the teleost lineage.
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8
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Rees L, König D, Jaźwińska A. Regeneration of the dermal skeleton and wound epidermis formation depend on BMP signaling in the caudal fin of platyfish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1134451. [PMID: 36846592 PMCID: PMC9946992 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1134451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fin regeneration has been extensively studied in zebrafish, a genetic model organism. Little is known about regulators of this process in distant fish taxa, such as the Poeciliidae family, represented by the platyfish. Here, we used this species to investigate the plasticity of ray branching morphogenesis following either straight amputation or excision of ray triplets. This approach revealed that ray branching can be conditionally shifted to a more distal position, suggesting non-autonomous regulation of bone patterning. To gain molecular insights into regeneration of fin-specific dermal skeleton elements, actinotrichia and lepidotrichia, we localized expression of the actinodin genes and bmp2 in the regenerative outgrowth. Blocking of the BMP type-I receptor suppressed phospho-Smad1/5 immunoreactivity, and impaired fin regeneration after blastema formation. The resulting phenotype was characterized by the absence of bone and actinotrichia restoration. In addition, the wound epidermis displayed extensive thickening. This malformation was associated with expanded Tp63 expression from the basal epithelium towards more superficial layers, suggesting abnormal tissue differentiation. Our data add to the increasing evidence for the integrative role of BMP signaling in epidermal and skeletal tissue formation during fin regeneration. This expands our understanding of common mechanisms guiding appendage restoration in diverse clades of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Rees
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Désirée König
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Thauvin M, de Sousa RM, Alves M, Volovitch M, Vriz S, Rampon C. An early Shh-H2O2 reciprocal regulatory interaction controls the regenerative program during zebrafish fin regeneration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274206. [PMID: 35107164 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), originally classified as toxic molecules, have attracted increasing interest given their actions in cell signaling. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major ROS produced by cells, acts as a second messenger to modify redox-sensitive proteins or lipids. After caudal fin amputation, tight spatiotemporal regulation of ROS is required first for wound healing and later to initiate the regenerative program. However, the mechanisms carrying out this sustained ROS production and their integration with signaling pathways are still poorly understood. We focused on the early dialog between H2O2 and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) during fin regeneration. We demonstrate that H2O2 controls Shh expression and that Shh in turn regulates the H2O2 level via a canonical pathway. Moreover, the means of this tight reciprocal control change during the successive phases of the regenerative program. Dysregulation of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in several developmental syndromes, diabetes and cancer. These data support the existence of an early positive crosstalk between Shh and H2O2 that might be more generally involved in various processes paving the way to improve regenerative processes, particularly in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thauvin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Matias de Sousa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marine Alves
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Department of Biology, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
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10
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Stepaniak MD, Square TA, Miller CT. Evolved Bmp6 enhancer alleles drive spatial shifts in gene expression during tooth development in sticklebacks. Genetics 2021; 219:6374454. [PMID: 34849839 PMCID: PMC8664583 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in enhancers have been shown to often underlie natural variation but the evolved differences in enhancer activity can be difficult to identify in vivo. Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are a robust system for studying enhancer evolution due to abundant natural genetic variation, a diversity of evolved phenotypes between ancestral marine and derived freshwater forms, and the tractability of transgenic techniques. Previous work identified a series of polymorphisms within an intronic enhancer of the Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6) gene that are associated with evolved tooth gain, a derived increase in freshwater tooth number that arises late in development. Here, we use a bicistronic reporter construct containing a genetic insulator and a pair of reciprocal two-color transgenic reporter lines to compare enhancer activity of marine and freshwater alleles of this enhancer. In older fish, the two alleles drive partially overlapping expression in both mesenchyme and epithelium of developing teeth, but the freshwater enhancer drives a reduced mesenchymal domain and a larger epithelial domain relative to the marine enhancer. In younger fish, these spatial shifts in enhancer activity are less pronounced. Comparing Bmp6 expression by in situ hybridization in developing teeth of marine and freshwater fish reveals similar evolved spatial shifts in gene expression. Together, these data support a model in which the polymorphisms within this enhancer underlie evolved tooth gain by shifting the spatial expression of Bmp6 during tooth development, and provide a general strategy to identify spatial differences in enhancer activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Stepaniak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tyler A Square
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Craig T Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Simet SM, Cassidy KM. Dissection and analysis of a complex cadaveric hand dysmorphology. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2021.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Huysseune A, Cerny R, Witten PE. The conundrum of pharyngeal teeth origin: the role of germ layers, pouches, and gill slits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:414-447. [PMID: 34647411 PMCID: PMC9293187 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are several competing hypotheses on tooth origins, with discussions eventually settling in favour of an 'outside-in' scenario, in which internal odontodes (teeth) derived from external odontodes (skin denticles) in jawless vertebrates. The evolution of oral teeth from skin denticles can be intuitively understood from their location at the mouth entrance. However, the basal condition for jawed vertebrates is arguably to possess teeth distributed throughout the oropharynx (i.e. oral and pharyngeal teeth). As skin denticle development requires the presence of ectoderm-derived epithelium and of mesenchyme, it remains to be answered how odontode-forming skin epithelium, or its competence, were 'transferred' deep into the endoderm-covered oropharynx. The 'modified outside-in' hypothesis for tooth origins proposed that this transfer was accomplished through displacement of odontogenic epithelium, that is ectoderm, not only through the mouth, but also via any opening (e.g. gill slits) that connects the ectoderm to the epithelial lining of the pharynx (endoderm). This review explores from an evolutionary and from a developmental perspective whether ectoderm plays a role in (pharyngeal) tooth and denticle formation. Historic and recent studies on tooth development show that the odontogenic epithelium (enamel organ) of oral or pharyngeal teeth can be of ectodermal, endodermal, or of mixed ecto-endodermal origin. Comprehensive data are, however, only available for a few taxa. Interestingly, in these taxa, the enamel organ always develops from the basal layer of a stratified epithelium that is at least bilayered. In zebrafish, a miniaturised teleost that only retains pharyngeal teeth, an epithelial surface layer with ectoderm-like characters is required to initiate the formation of an enamel organ from the basal, endodermal epithelium. In urodele amphibians, the bilayered epithelium is endodermal, but the surface layer acquires ectodermal characters, here termed 'epidermalised endoderm'. Furthermore, ectoderm-endoderm contacts at pouch-cleft boundaries (i.e. the prospective gill slits) are important for pharyngeal tooth initiation, even if the influx of ectoderm via these routes is limited. A balance between sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signalling could operate to assign tooth-initiating competence to the endoderm at the level of any particular pouch. In summary, three characters are identified as being required for pharyngeal tooth formation: (i) pouch-cleft contact, (ii) a stratified epithelium, of which (iii) the apical layer adopts ectodermal features. These characters delimit the area in which teeth can form, yet cannot alone explain the distribution of teeth over the different pharyngeal arches. The review concludes with a hypothetical evolutionary scenario regarding the persisting influence of ectoderm on pharyngeal tooth formation. Studies on basal osteichthyans with less-specialised types of early embryonic development will provide a crucial test for the potential role of ectoderm in pharyngeal tooth formation and for the 'modified outside-in' hypothesis of tooth origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Robert Cerny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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13
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Braunstein JA, Robbins AE, Stewart S, Stankunas K. Basal epidermis collective migration and local Sonic hedgehog signaling promote skeletal branching morphogenesis in zebrafish fins. Dev Biol 2021; 477:177-190. [PMID: 34038742 PMCID: PMC10802891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish fins, like all vertebrate limbs, comprise a series of bones laid out in characteristic pattern. Each fin's distal bony rays typically branch to elaborate skeletal networks providing form and function. Zebrafish caudal fin regeneration studies suggest basal epidermal-expressed Sonic hedgehog (Shh) promotes ray branching by partitioning pools of adjacent pre-osteoblasts. This Shh role is distinct from its well-studied Zone of Polarizing Activity role establishing paired limb positional information. Therefore, we investigated if and how Shh signaling similarly functions during developmental ray branching of both paired and unpaired fins while resolving cellular dynamics of branching by live imaging. We found shha is expressed uniquely by basal epidermal cells overlying pre-osteoblast pools at the distal aspect of outgrowing juvenile fins. Lateral splitting of each shha-expressing epidermal domain followed by the pre-osteoblast pools precedes overt ray branching. We use ptch2:Kaede fish and Kaede photoconversion to identify short stretches of shha+basal epidermis and juxtaposed pre-osteoblasts as the Shh/Smoothened (Smo) active zone. Basal epidermal distal collective movements continuously replenish each shha+domain with individual cells transiently expressing and responding to Shh. In contrast, pre-osteoblasts maintain Shh/Smo activity until differentiating. The Smo inhibitor BMS-833923 prevents branching in all fins, paired and unpaired, with surprisingly minimal effects on caudal fin initial skeletal patterning, ray outgrowth or bone differentiation. Staggered BMS-833923 addition indicates Shh/Smo signaling acts throughout the branching process. We use live cell tracking to find Shh/Smo restrains the distal movement of basal epidermal cells by apparent 'tethering' to pre-osteoblasts. We propose short-range Shh/Smo signaling promotes these heterotypic associations to couple instructive basal epidermal collective movements to pre-osteoblast repositioning as a unique mode of branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Braunstein
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA
| | - Amy E Robbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA
| | - Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA.
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14
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Khyeam S, Lee S, Huang GN. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Post-Transcriptional Basis of Divergent Tissue Regenerative Capacities Among Vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2. [PMID: 34423307 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is widespread across the animal kingdom but varies vastly across phylogeny and even ontogeny. Adult mammalian regeneration in most organs and appendages is limited, while vertebrates such as zebrafish and salamanders are able to regenerate various organs and body parts. Here, we focus on the regeneration of appendages, spinal cord, and heart - organs and body parts that are highly regenerative among fish and amphibian species but limited in adult mammals. We then describe potential genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional similarities among these different forms of regeneration across vertebrates and discuss several theories for diminished regenerative capacity throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheamin Khyeam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sukjun Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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15
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Bohaud C, Johansen MD, Jorgensen C, Ipseiz N, Kremer L, Djouad F. The Role of Macrophages During Zebrafish Injury and Tissue Regeneration Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707824. [PMID: 34367168 PMCID: PMC8334857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The future of regenerative medicine relies on our understanding of the mechanistic processes that underlie tissue regeneration, highlighting the need for suitable animal models. For many years, zebrafish has been exploited as an adequate model in the field due to their very high regenerative capabilities. In this organism, regeneration of several tissues, including the caudal fin, is dependent on a robust epimorphic regenerative process, typified by the formation of a blastema, consisting of highly proliferative cells that can regenerate and completely grow the lost limb within a few days. Recent studies have also emphasized the crucial role of distinct macrophage subpopulations in tissue regeneration, contributing to the early phases of inflammation and promoting tissue repair and regeneration in late stages once inflammation is resolved. However, while most studies were conducted under non-infectious conditions, this situation does not necessarily reflect all the complexities of the interactions associated with injury often involving entry of pathogenic microorganisms. There is emerging evidence that the presence of infectious pathogens can largely influence and modulate the host immune response and the regenerative processes, which is sometimes more representative of the true complexities underlying regenerative mechanics. Herein, we present the current knowledge regarding the paths involved in the repair of non-infected and infected wounds using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRIM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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16
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Keil S, Gupta M, Brand M, Knopf F. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in the regenerating zebrafish fin. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1368-1380. [PMID: 33638212 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) expression is found in many animal tissues and regulates growth factor signaling such as of Fibroblast growth factors (Fgf), Wingless/Int (Wnt) and Hedgehog (HH). Glypicans, which are GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored proteins, and transmembrane-anchored syndecans represent two major HSPG protein families whose involvement in development and disease has been demonstrated. Their participation in regenerative processes both of the central nervous system and of regenerating limbs is well documented. However, whether HSPG are expressed in regenerating zebrafish fins, is currently unknown. RESULTS Here, we carried out a systematic screen of glypican and syndecan mRNA expression in regenerating zebrafish fins during the outgrowth phase. We find that 8 of the 10 zebrafish glypicans and the three known zebrafish syndecans show specific expression at 3 days post amputation. Expression is found in different domains of the regenerate, including the distal and lateral basal layers of the wound epidermis, the distal most blastema and more proximal blastema regions. CONCLUSIONS HSPG expression is prevalent in regenerating zebrafish fins. Further research is needed to delineate the function of glypican and syndecan action during zebrafish fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Keil
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Merus N.V, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Brand
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Transcriptome profiling towards understanding of the morphogenesis in the scale development of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Genomics 2021; 113:983-991. [PMID: 33640463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin appendages in vertebrates have individual morphological differences, but share the same evolutionary origin. In this study, we used Megalobrama amblycephala as a fish model to study the developmental regulation mechanism of a common skin appendage in fish: scales. By combining in-toto live imaging method and transcriptomic analysis during the scale development, we elucidated core features of scale patterning containing three distinct regions and experiencing four stages. Differentially expressed genes in skin tissues at the initial site before and after scale development were analyzed and some key regulatory genes (Wnt3, Wnt6, Fgf8, Fgf10, Fgf16, Fgfr1a, Ihhb and BMP6) which are crucial for scale morphogenesis were selected. This study provides a strong reference for further exploration of the function of genes related to the molecular regulation mechanism of scale development in M. amblycephala, as well as in other fishes.
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18
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Brandão AS, Bensimon-Brito A, Lourenço R, Borbinha J, Soares AR, Mateus R, Jacinto A. Yap induces osteoblast differentiation by modulating Bmp signalling during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231993. [PMID: 31636113 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is a key process for bone homeostasis and repair. Multiple signalling pathways have been associated with osteoblast differentiation, yet much remains unknown on how this process is regulated in vivo Previous studies have proposed that the Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ (also known as YAP1 and WWTR1, respectively) maintain progenitor stemness and inhibit terminal differentiation of osteoblasts, whereas others suggest they potentiate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we use zebrafish caudal fin regeneration as a model to clarify how the Hippo pathway regulates de novo bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. We demonstrate that Yap inhibition leads to accumulation of osteoprogenitors and prevents osteoblast differentiation in a cell non-autonomous manner. This effect correlates with a severe impairment of Bmp signalling in osteoblasts, likely by suppressing the expression of the ligand bmp2a in the surrounding mesenchymal cells. Overall, our findings provide a new mechanism of bone formation through the Hippo-Yap pathway, integrating Yap in the signalling cascade that governs osteoprogenitor maintenance and subsequent differentiation during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Brandão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Raquel Lourenço
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Jorge Borbinha
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Soares
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Rita Mateus
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - António Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
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19
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Patel S, Ranadive I, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. Regeneration of caudal fin in Poecilia latipinna: Insights into the progressive tissue morphogenesis. Organogenesis 2019; 15:35-42. [PMID: 31331233 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1633168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using fish fin as a model to understand the nuance of epimorphosis are gaining interest of lately. This study illustrates for the first time the daily changes in the tissue architecture of regenerating tail fin of Poecilia latipinna. Wound epithelium is formed within 24 hpa that eventually gets stratified into apical epithelial cap by 48 hpa. In the subsequent day, proliferating cells accumulate in front of each fin-ray marking the beginning of blastema. Distally these cells express signs of cartilage condensation by 4 dpa. However, ossification and subsequent transformation of actinotrichia to lepidotrichia was observed on 5 dpa. Subsequently, the regenerate grew at variable rate until it achieved the original size on 25 dpa. This result would serve as a worthwhile standard reference for further explorative studies that demand manipulation of a regulatory signal at a defined time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Patel
- a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
| | - Isha Ranadive
- a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
| | - Isha Desai
- b Department of Biological Sciences, N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences , Anand , India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
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20
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Hou L, Chen S, Liu J, Guo J, Chen Z, Zhu Q, Zhang W, Xu G, Liang Y, Wu R, Fang X, Zhang C, Xing K. Transcriptomic and physiological changes in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) after exposure to norgestrel. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:579-586. [PMID: 30654292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Norgestrel (NGT) is a synthetic progestin used in human and veterinary medicine. Adult female mosquitofish were exposed to NGT for 42 d at 377 ng L-1. The fin morphology and the liver transcriptome were assessed. NGT exposure increased ray 4:6 length ratio. As compared to the control, NGT treatment affected the expression of 11,772 annotated transcripts in female mosquitofish. Specifically, we found 5780 were repressed while 5992 were significantly induced. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 53 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways and 158 GO terms were significantly over expressed. Genes showing the largest magnitude of expression changes were related to fin development, androgen biosynthesis, and lipid and fatty acid metabolisms, suggesting the involvement of these biological processes in response to NGT exposure in G. affinis. This first comprehensive study on the transcriptomic alterations by NGT in G. affinis not only provides valuable information on the development of molecular markers but also opens new avenues for studies on the molecular mechanisms of effects of NGT in particular and possibly other progestins in G. affinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shanduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jingwen Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- NanWu Middle School, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou Tieyi Middle School, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - GuoLiang Xu
- Rural Non-point Source Pollution Comprehensive Management Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ye Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xuwen Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ke Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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21
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Ogino Y, Tohyama S, Kohno S, Toyota K, Yamada G, Yatsu R, Kobayashi T, Tatarazako N, Sato T, Matsubara H, Lange A, Tyler CR, Katsu Y, Iguchi T, Miyagawa S. Functional distinctions associated with the diversity of sex steroid hormone receptors ESR and AR. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 184:38-46. [PMID: 29885351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones including estrogens and androgens play fundamental roles in regulating reproductive activities and they act through estrogen and androgen receptors (ESR and AR). These steroid receptors have evolved from a common ancestor in association with several gene duplications. In most vertebrates, this has resulted in two ESR subtypes (ESR1 and ESR2) and one AR, whereas in teleost fish there are at least three ESRs (ESR1, ESR2a and ESR2b) and two ARs (ARα and ARβ) due to a lineage-specific whole genome duplication. Functional distinctions have been suggested among these receptors, but to date their roles have only been characterized in a limited number of species. Sexual differentiation and the development of reproductive organs are indispensable for all animal species and in vertebrates these events depend on the action of sex steroid hormones. Here we review the recent progress in understanding of the functions of the ESRs and ARs in the development and expression of sexually dimorphic characteristics associated with steroid hormone signaling in vertebrates, with representative fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ogino
- Attached Promotive Centre for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Saki Tohyama
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Kohno
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yatsu
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Department of Aquatic Biology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
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22
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Kim JY, Lee SY, Kim H, Park JW, Lim DK, Moon DW. Biomolecular Imaging of Regeneration of Zebrafish Caudal Fins Using High Spatial Resolution Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12723-12730. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji-Won Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Wood TWP, Nakamura T. Problems in Fish-to-Tetrapod Transition: Genetic Expeditions Into Old Specimens. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:70. [PMID: 30062096 PMCID: PMC6054942 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish-to-tetrapod transition is one of the fundamental problems in evolutionary biology. A significant amount of paleontological data has revealed the morphological trajectories of skeletons, such as those of the skull, vertebrae, and appendages in vertebrate history. Shifts in bone differentiation, from dermal to endochondral bones, are key to explaining skeletal transformations during the transition from water to land. However, the genetic underpinnings underlying the evolution of dermal and endochondral bones are largely missing. Recent genetic approaches utilizing model organisms—zebrafish, frogs, chickens, and mice—reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebrate skeletal development and provide new insights for how the skeletal system has evolved. Currently, our experimental horizons to test evolutionary hypotheses are being expanded to non-model organisms with state-of-the-art techniques in molecular biology and imaging. An integration of functional genomics, developmental genetics, and high-resolution CT scanning into evolutionary inquiries allows us to reevaluate our understanding of old specimens. Here, we summarize the current perspectives in genetic programs underlying the development and evolution of the dermal skull roof, shoulder girdle, and appendages. The ratio shifts of dermal and endochondral bones, and its underlying mechanisms, during the fish-to-tetrapod transition are particularly emphasized. Recent studies have suggested the novel cell origins of dermal bones, and the interchangeability between dermal and endochondral bones, obscuring the ontogenetic distinction of these two types of bones. Assimilation of ontogenetic knowledge of dermal and endochondral bones from different structures demands revisions of the prevalent consensus in the evolutionary mechanisms of vertebrate skeletal shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W P Wood
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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24
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McMillan SC, Zhang J, Phan HE, Jeradi S, Probst L, Hammerschmidt M, Akimenko MA. A regulatory pathway involving retinoic acid and calcineurin demarcates and maintains joint cells and osteoblasts in regenerating fin. Development 2018; 145:dev.161158. [PMID: 29752384 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During zebrafish fin regeneration, blastema cells lining the epidermis differentiate into osteoblasts and joint cells to reconstruct the segmented bony rays. We show that osteoblasts and joint cells originate from a common cell lineage, but are committed to different cell fates. Pre-osteoblasts expressing runx2a/b commit to the osteoblast lineage upon expressing sp7, whereas the strong upregulation of hoxa13a correlates with a commitment to a joint cell type. In the distal regenerate, hoxa13a, evx1 and pthlha are sequentially upregulated at regular intervals to define the newly identified presumptive joint cells. Presumptive joint cells mature into joint-forming cells, a distinct cell cluster that maintains the expression of these factors. Analysis of evx1 null mutants reveals that evx1 is acting upstream of pthlha and downstream of or in parallel with hoxa13a Calcineurin activity, potentially through the inhibition of retinoic acid signaling, regulates evx1, pthlha and hoxa13a expression during joint formation. Furthermore, retinoic acid treatment induces osteoblast differentiation in mature joint cells, leading to ectopic bone deposition in joint regions. Overall, our data reveal a novel regulatory pathway essential for joint formation in the regenerating fin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C McMillan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.,CAREG, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jing Zhang
- CAREG, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.,Department of Biology, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Hue-Eileen Phan
- CAREG, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.,Department of Biology, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Shirine Jeradi
- Institute for Developmental Biology, Cologne University, Cologne 50674, Germany.,Institut Polytechnique Privé, Université Libre de Tunis, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Leona Probst
- CAREG, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.,Department of Biology, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | | | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- CAREG, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5 .,Department of Biology, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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25
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Epidermal regulation of bone morphogenesis through the development and regeneration of osteoblasts in the zebrafish scale. Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Murciano C, Cazorla-Vázquez S, Gutiérrez J, Hijano JA, Ruiz-Sánchez J, Mesa-Almagro L, Martín-Reyes F, Fernández TD, Marí-Beffa M. Widening control of fin inter-rays in zebrafish and inferences about actinopterygian fins. J Anat 2018; 232:783-805. [PMID: 29441573 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The amputation of a teleost fin rapidly triggers an intricate maze of hierarchically regulated signalling processes which ultimately reconstruct the diverse tissues of the appendage. Whereas the generation of the fin pattern along the proximodistal axis brings with it several well-known developmental regulators, the mechanisms by which the fin widens along its dorsoventral axis remain poorly understood. Utilizing the zebrafish as an experimental model of fin regeneration and studying more than 1000 actinopterygian species, we hypothesized a connection between specific inter-ray regulatory mechanisms and the morphological variability of inter-ray membranes found in nature. To tackle these issues, both cellular and molecular approaches have been adopted and our results suggest the existence of two distinguishable inter-ray areas in the zebrafish caudal fin, a marginal and a central region. The present work associates the activity of the cell membrane potassium channel kcnk5b, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and the sonic hedgehog pathway to the control of several cell functions involved in inter-ray wound healing or dorsoventral regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. This ray-dependent regulation controls cell migration, cell-type patterning and gene expression. The possibility that modifications of these mechanisms are responsible for phenotypic variations found in euteleostean species, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Murciano
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Hijano
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josefa Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Mesa-Almagro
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Málaga, Spain
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27
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Lalonde RL, Akimenko MA. Effects of fin fold mesenchyme ablation on fin development in zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192500. [PMID: 29420592 PMCID: PMC5805328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the tetrapod limb involved an expansion and elaboration of the endoskeletal elements, while the fish fin rays were lost. Loss of fin-specific genes, and regulatory changes in key appendicular patterning genes have been identified as mechanisms of limb evolution, however their contributions to cellular organization and tissue differences between fins and limbs remains poorly understood. During early larval fin development, hoxa13a/hoxd13a-expressing fin fold mesenchyme migrate through the median and pectoral fin along actinotrichia fibrils, non-calcified skeletal elements crucial for supporting the fin fold. Fin fold mesenchyme migration defects have previously been proposed as a mechanism of fin dermal bone loss during tetrapod evolution as it has been shown they contribute directly to the fin ray osteoblast population. Using the nitroreductase/metronidazole system, we genetically ablated a subset of hoxa13a/hoxd13a-expressing fin fold mesenchyme to assess its contributions to fin development. Following the ablation of fin fold mesenchyme in larvae, the actinotrichia are unable to remain rigid and the median and pectoral fin folds collapse, resulting in a reduced fin fold size. The remaining cells following ablation are unable to migrate and show decreased actinodin1 mesenchymal reporter activity. Actinodin proteins are crucial structural component of the actinotrichia. Additionally, we show a decrease in hoxa13a, hoxd13a, fgf10a and altered shha, and ptch2 expression during larval fin development. A continuous treatment of metronidazole leads to fin ray defects at 30dpf. Fewer rays are present compared to stage-matched control larvae, and these rays are shorter and less defined. These results suggest the targeted hoxa13a/hoxd13a-expressing mesenchyme contribute to their own successful migration through their contributions to actinotrichia. Furthermore, due to their fate as fin ray osteoblasts, we propose their initial ablation, and subsequent disorganization produces truncated fin dermal bone elements during late larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Lalonde
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Banerji R, Skibbens RV, Iovine MK. Cohesin mediates Esco2-dependent transcriptional regulation in a zebrafish regenerating fin model of Roberts Syndrome. Biol Open 2017; 6:1802-1813. [PMID: 29084713 PMCID: PMC5769645 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Robert syndrome (RBS) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) are human developmental disorders characterized by craniofacial deformities, limb malformation and mental retardation. These birth defects are collectively termed cohesinopathies as both arise from mutations in cohesion genes. CdLS arises due to autosomal dominant mutations or haploinsufficiencies in cohesin subunits (SMC1A, SMC3 and RAD21) or cohesin auxiliary factors (NIPBL and HDAC8) that result in transcriptional dysregulation of developmental programs. RBS arises due to autosomal recessive mutations in cohesin auxiliary factor ESCO2, the gene that encodes an N-acetyltransferase which targets the SMC3 subunit of the cohesin complex. The mechanism that underlies RBS, however, remains unknown. A popular model states that RBS arises due to mitotic failure and loss of progenitor stem cells through apoptosis. Previous findings in the zebrafish regenerating fin, however, suggest that Esco2-knockdown results in transcription dysregulation, independent of apoptosis, similar to that observed in CdLS patients. Previously, we used the clinically relevant CX43 to demonstrate a transcriptional role for Esco2. CX43 is a gap junction gene conserved among all vertebrates that is required for direct cell-cell communication between adjacent cells such that cx43 mutations result in oculodentodigital dysplasia. Here, we show that morpholino-mediated knockdown of smc3 reduces cx43 expression and perturbs zebrafish bone and tissue regeneration similar to those previously reported for esco2 knockdown. Also similar to Esco2-dependent phenotypes, Smc3-dependent bone and tissue regeneration defects are rescued by transgenic Cx43 overexpression, suggesting that Smc3 and Esco2 cooperatively act to regulate cx43 transcription. In support of this model, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that Smc3 binds to a discrete region of the cx43 promoter, suggesting that Esco2 exerts transcriptional regulation of cx43 through modification of Smc3 bound to the cx43 promoter. These findings have the potential to unify RBS and CdLS as transcription-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Banerji
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Robert V Skibbens
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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29
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Khatib AM, Lahlil R, Hagedorn M, Delomenie C, Christophe O, Denis C, Siegfried G. Biological outcome and mapping of total factor cascades in response to HIF induction during regenerative angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12102-20. [PMID: 26933814 PMCID: PMC4914272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) is the main transcription factor that mediates cell response to hypoxia. Howeverthe complex factor cascades induced by HIF during regenerative angiogenesis are currently incompletely mapped and the biological outcome mediated by chronic HIF induction during vessel regeneration are not well known. Here, we investigated the biological impact of HIF induction on vascular regeneration and identified the differentially regulated genes during regeneration, HIF induction and hypoxic regeneration. The use of the fin zebrafish regeneration model revealed that exposure to HIF inducer (cobalt chloride) prevents vessel differentiation by maintaining their vascular plexuses in an immature state. The regenerated fins are easily breakable, lacking completely endochondral ossification. Gene expression arrays combined to gene functional enrichment analysis revealed that regenerative process and HIF induction shared the regulation of common genes mainly involved in DNA replication and proteasome complex. HIF induction during regeneration affected the expression of exclusive genes involved in cell differentiation and communication, consistent with the observed immature vascular plexuses of the regenerated fins during HIF induction. The use of morpholino (MO) knockdown strategy revealed that the expression of some of these genes such as tubulin and col10a1 are required for fin regeneration. Taken together, this study revealed the impact of HIF induction on regenerative angiogenesis and provided a framework to develop a gene network leading to regenerative process during HIF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
| | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
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30
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Ahi EP, Richter F, Sefc KM. A gene expression study of ornamental fin shape in Neolamprologus brichardi, an African cichlid species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17398. [PMID: 29234131 PMCID: PMC5727040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of fin morphology within and across fish taxa offers great, but still largely unexplored, opportunities to investigate the proximate mechanisms underlying fin shape variation. Relying on available genetic knowledge brought forth mainly by the comprehensive study of the zebrafish caudal fin, we explored candidate molecular mechanisms for the maintenance and formation of the conspicuously elongated filaments adorning the unpaired fins of the East African "princess cichlid" Neolamprologus brichardi. Via qPCR assays, we detected expression differences of candidate genes between elongated and short regions of intact and regenerating fins. The identified genes include skeletogenic and growth factors (igf2b, fgf3, bmp2 and bmp4), components of the WNT pathway (lef1, wnt5b and wnt10) and a regulatory network determining fin ray segment size and junction (cx43, esco2 and sema3d), as well as other genes with different roles (mmp9, msxb and pea3). Interestingly, some of these genes showed fin specific expression differences which are often neglected in studies of model fish that focus on the caudal fin. Moreover, while the observed expression patterns were generally consistent with zebrafish results, we also detected deviating expression correlations and gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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31
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Rajaram S, Patel S, Uggini GK, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. BMP signaling regulates the skeletal and connective tissue differentiation during caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:629-638. [PMID: 28898414 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821) involves an initial wound healing stage, followed by blastema that is formed of fast proliferating cells. In order to replicate the lost fin, correct differentiation of the blastemal cells into various tissues is the prime essence. Among the molecular signals governing proper differentiation of blastemal cells, members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family are crucial. Herein, we investigated the specific effects of inhibition of BMP signaling using LDN193189 on skeletal and connective tissue formation in the regenerating tail fin of P. latipinna during early differentiation phase. It was observed that BMP inhibition leads to reduction in the length of regeneration, which can be correlated with compromised proliferation of blastemal cells. Decreased expression of cell proliferation marker like pcna together with reduced BrdU positive cells consolidate the above observation. Further, histological analysis revealed stunted progression of skeletal tissues and this correlated with the reduced expression of sox9, runx2 and dlx5, Osc and Osn genes in response to BMP inhibition. Also, defective bone patterning was observed due to BMP inhibition, which was associated with diminished levels of shh, ptc-1, gli2 and other BMP ligands. Moreover, histochemical analysis revealed that collagen, one of the most prominent components of connective tissue, was formed below par in treated fin tissues which was subsequently confirmed by biochemical and transcript level analyses. Overall our results highlight the importance of the BMP pathway in proper differentiation of skeletal and connective tissues during the differentiation stage of regenerating caudal fin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Rajaram
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Gowri Kumari Uggini
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Isha Desai
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, VallabhVidhya Nagar, 388120, Anand, India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
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32
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Armstrong BE, Henner A, Stewart S, Stankunas K. Shh promotes direct interactions between epidermal cells and osteoblast progenitors to shape regenerated zebrafish bone. Development 2017; 144:1165-1176. [PMID: 28351866 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish innately regenerate amputated fins by mechanisms that expand and precisely position injury-induced progenitor cells to re-form tissue of the original size and pattern. For example, cell signaling networks direct osteoblast progenitors (pObs) to rebuild thin cylindrical bony rays with a stereotypical branched morphology. Hedgehog/Smoothened (Hh/Smo) signaling has been variably proposed to stimulate overall fin regenerative outgrowth or promote ray branching. Using a photoconvertible patched2 reporter, we resolve active Hh/Smo output to a narrow distal regenerate zone comprising pObs and adjacent motile basal epidermal cells. This Hh/Smo activity is driven by epidermal Sonic hedgehog a (Shha) rather than Ob-derived Indian hedgehog a (Ihha), which nevertheless functions atypically to support bone maturation. Using BMS-833923, a uniquely effective Smo inhibitor, and high-resolution imaging, we show that Shha/Smo is functionally dedicated to ray branching during fin regeneration. Hh/Smo activation enables transiently divided clusters of Shha-expressing epidermis to escort pObs into similarly split groups. This co-movement likely depends on epidermal cellular protrusions that directly contact pObs only where an otherwise occluding basement membrane remains incompletely assembled. Progressively separated pObs pools then continue regenerating independently to collectively re-form a now branched skeletal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Armstrong
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Astra Henner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA .,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 297A Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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33
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Meda F, Rampon C, Dupont E, Gauron C, Mourton A, Queguiner I, Thauvin M, Volovitch M, Joliot A, Vriz S. Nerves, H 2O 2 and Shh: Three players in the game of regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:65-73. [PMID: 28797840 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tight control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is required during regeneration. H2O2 in particular assumes clear signalling functions at different steps in this process. Injured nerves induce high levels of H2O2 through the activation of the Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, providing an environment that promotes cell plasticity, progenitor recruitment and blastema formation. In turn, high H2O2 levels contribute to growing axon attraction. Once re-innervation is completed, nerves subsequently downregulate H2O2 levels to their original state. A similar regulatory loop between H2O2 levels and nerves also exists during development. This suggests that redox signalling is a major actor in cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Meda
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Dupont
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Carole Gauron
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Mourton
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France; UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Queguiner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Thauvin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; École Normale Supérieure, Institute of Biology at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Joliot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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34
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König D, Page L, Chassot B, Jaźwińska A. Dynamics of actinotrichia regeneration in the adult zebrafish fin. Dev Biol 2017; 433:416-432. [PMID: 28760345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton of adult zebrafish fins comprises lepidotrichia, which are dermal bones of the rays, and actinotrichia, which are non-mineralized spicules at the distal margin of the appendage. Little is known about the regenerative dynamics of the actinotrichia-specific structural proteins called Actinodins. Here, we used immunofluorescence analysis to determine the contribution of two paralogous Actinodin proteins, And1/2, in regenerating fins. Both proteins were detected in the secretory organelles in the mesenchymal cells of the blastema, but only And1 was detected in the epithelial cells of the wound epithelium. The analysis of whole mount fins throughout the entire regenerative process and longitudinal sections revealed that And1-positive fibers are complementary to the lepidotrichia. The analysis of another longfin fish, a gain-of-function mutation in the potassium channel kcnk5b, revealed that the long-fin phenotype is associated with an extended size of actinotrichia during homeostasis and regeneration. Finally, we investigated the role of several signaling pathways in actinotrichia formation and maintenance. This revealed that the pulse-inhibition of either TGFβ/Activin-βA or FGF are sufficient to impair deposition of Actinodin during regeneration. Thus, the dynamic turnover of Actinodin during fin regeneration is regulated by multiple factors, including the osteoblasts, growth rate in a potassium channel mutant, and instructive signaling networks between the epithelium and the blastema of the regenerating fin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée König
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Page
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bérénice Chassot
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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35
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Cardeira J, Gavaia PJ, Fernández I, Cengiz IF, Moreira-Silva J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Quantitative assessment of the regenerative and mineralogenic performances of the zebrafish caudal fin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39191. [PMID: 27991522 PMCID: PMC5171864 DOI: 10.1038/srep39191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of zebrafish to fully regenerate its caudal fin has been explored to better understand the mechanisms underlying de novo bone formation and to develop screening methods towards the discovery of compounds with therapeutic potential. Quantifying caudal fin regeneration largely depends on successfully measuring new tissue formation through methods that require optimization and standardization. Here, we present an improved methodology to characterize and analyse overall caudal fin and bone regeneration in adult zebrafish. First, regenerated and mineralized areas are evaluated through broad, rapid and specific chronological and morphometric analysis in alizarin red stained fins. Then, following a more refined strategy, the intensity of the staining within a 2D longitudinal plane is determined through pixel intensity analysis, as an indicator of density or thickness/volume. The applicability of this methodology on live specimens, to reduce animal experimentation and provide a tool for in vivo tracking of the regenerative process, was successfully demonstrated. Finally, the methodology was validated on retinoic acid- and warfarin-treated specimens, and further confirmed by micro-computed tomography. Because it is easily implementable, accurate and does not require sophisticated equipment, the present methodology will certainly provide valuable technical standardization for research in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cardeira
- ProRegeM PhD Programme, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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36
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Abstract
Although fin regeneration following an amputation procedure has been well characterized, little is known about the impact of prolonged tissue damage on the execution of the regenerative programme in the zebrafish appendages. To induce histolytic processes in the caudal fin, we developed a new cryolesion model that combines the detrimental effects of freezing/thawing and ischemia. In contrast to the common transection model, the damaged part of the fin was spontaneously shed within two days after cryoinjury. The remaining stump contained a distorted margin with a mixture of dead material and healthy cells that concomitantly induced two opposing processes of tissue debris degradation and cellular proliferation, respectively. Between two and seven days after cryoinjury, this reparative/proliferative phase was morphologically featured by displaced fragments of broken bones. A blastemal marker msxB was induced in the intact mesenchyme below the damaged stump margin. Live imaging of epithelial and osteoblastic transgenic reporter lines revealed that the tissue-specific regenerative programmes were initiated after the clearance of damaged material. Despite histolytic perturbation during the first week after cryoinjury, the fin regeneration resumed and was completed without further alteration in comparison to the simple amputation model. This model reveals the powerful ability of the zebrafish to restore the original appendage architecture after the extended histolysis of the stump. Summary: Fin cryolesion resulted in histolysis and a delayed tissue loss. Despite prolonged destruction of the stump architecture, fin regeneration resumed and was normally completed, revealing robustness of the regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Chassot
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - David Pury
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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37
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O'Neill HL, Cassidy AP, Harris OB, Cassidy JW. BMP2/BMPR1A is linked to tumour progression in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1957. [PMID: 27114889 PMCID: PMC4841227 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP2) is a multipurpose cytokine, important in the development of bone and cartilage, and with a role in tumour initiation and progression. BMP2 signal transduction is dependent on two distinct classes of serine/threonine kinase known as the type I and type II receptors. Although the type I receptors (BMPR1A and BMPR1B) are largely thought to have overlapping functions, we find tissue and cellular compartment specific patterns of expression, suggesting potential for distinct BMP2 signalling outcomes dependent on tissue type. Herein, we utilise large publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Protein Atlas to define a novel role for BMP2 in the progression of dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Using disease free survival as our primary endpoint, we find that BMP2 confers poor prognosis only within the context of high BMPR1A expression. Through further annotation of the TCGA sarcoma dataset, we localise this effect to dedifferentiated liposarcomas but find overall BMP2/BMP receptor expression is equal across subsets. Finally, through gene set enrichment analysis we link the BMP2/BMPR1A axis to increased transcriptional activity of the matrisome and general extracellular matrix remodelling. Our study highlights the importance of continued research into the tumorigenic properties of BMP2 and the potential disadvantages of recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) use in orthopaedic surgery. For the first time, we identify high BMP2 expression within the context of high BMPR1A expression as a biomarker of disease relapse in dedifferentiated liposarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L O'Neill
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - Amy P Cassidy
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia B Harris
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John W Cassidy
- Queens' College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Nolte H, Hölper S, Housley MP, Islam S, Piller T, Konzer A, Stainier DYR, Braun T, Krüger M. Dynamics of zebrafish fin regeneration using a pulsed SILAC approach. Proteomics 2015; 15:739-51. [PMID: 25504979 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish owns remarkable regenerative capacities allowing regeneration of several tissues, including the heart, liver, and brain. To identify protein dynamics during fin regeneration we used a pulsed SILAC approach that enabled us to detect the incorporation of (13) C6 -lysine (Lys6) into newly synthesized proteins. Samples were taken at four different time points from noninjured and regrowing fins and incorporation rates were monitored using a combination of single-shot 4-h gradients and high-resolution tandem MS. We identified more than 5000 labeled proteins during the first 3 weeks of fin regeneration and were able to monitor proteins that are responsible for initializing and restoring the shape of these appendages. The comparison of Lys6 incorporation rates between noninjured and regrowing fins enabled us to identify proteins that are directly involved in regeneration. For example, we observed increased incorporation rates of two actinodin family members at the actinotrichia, which is a hairlike fiber structure at the tip of regrowing fins. Moreover, we used quantitative real-time RNA measurements of several candidate genes, including osteoglycin, si:ch211-288h17.3, and prostaglandin reductase 1 to correlate the mRNA expression to Lys6 incorporation data. This novel pulsed SILAC methodology in fish can be used as a versatile tool to monitor newly synthesized proteins and will help to characterize protein dynamics during regenerative processes in zebrafish beyond fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Banerji R, Eble DM, Iovine MK, Skibbens RV. Esco2 regulates cx43 expression during skeletal regeneration in the zebrafish fin. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:7-21. [PMID: 26434741 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roberts syndrome (RBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, limb malformation, and often severe mental retardation. RBS arises from mutations in ESCO2 that encodes an acetyltransferase and modifies the cohesin subunit SMC3. Mutations in SCC2/NIPBL (encodes a cohesin loader), SMC3 or other cohesin genes (SMC1, RAD21/MCD1) give rise to a related developmental malady termed Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). RBS and CdLS exhibit overlapping phenotypes, but RBS is thought to arise through mitotic failure and limited progenitor cell proliferation while CdLS arises through transcriptional dysregulation. Here, we use the zebrafish regenerating fin model to test the mechanism through which RBS-type phenotypes arise. RESULTS esco2 is up-regulated during fin regeneration and specifically within the blastema. esco2 knockdown adversely affects both tissue and bone growth in regenerating fins-consistent with a role in skeletal morphogenesis. esco2-knockdown significantly diminishes cx43/gja1 expression which encodes the gap junction connexin subunit required for cell-cell communication. cx43 mutations cause the short fin (sof(b123) ) phenotype in zebrafish and oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) in humans. Importantly, miR-133-dependent cx43 overexpression rescues esco2-dependent growth defects. CONCLUSIONS These results conceptually link ODDD to cohesinopathies and provide evidence that ESCO2 may play a transcriptional role critical for human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Banerji
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane M Eble
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert V Skibbens
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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Blum N, Begemann G. Osteoblast de- and redifferentiation are controlled by a dynamic response to retinoic acid during zebrafish fin regeneration. Development 2015; 142:2894-903. [PMID: 26253409 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish restore amputated fins by forming tissue-specific blastema cells that coordinately regenerate the lost structures. Fin amputation triggers the synthesis of several diffusible signaling factors that are required for regeneration, raising the question of how cell lineage-specific programs are protected from regenerative crosstalk between neighboring fin tissues. During fin regeneration, osteoblasts revert from a non-cycling, mature state to a cycling, preosteoblastic state to establish a pool of progenitors within the blastema. After several rounds of proliferation, preosteoblasts redifferentiate to produce new bone. Blastema formation and proliferation are driven by the continued synthesis of retinoic acid (RA). Here, we find that osteoblast dedifferentiation and redifferentiation are inhibited by RA signaling, and we uncover how the bone regenerative program is achieved against a background of massive RA synthesis. Stump osteoblasts manage to contribute to the blastema by upregulating expression of the RA-degrading enzyme cyp26b1. Redifferentiation is controlled by a presumptive gradient of RA, in which high RA levels towards the distal tip of the blastema suppress redifferentiation. We show that this might be achieved through a mechanism involving repression of Bmp signaling and promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In turn, cyp26b1(+) fibroblast-derived blastema cells in the more proximal regenerate serve as a sink to reduce RA levels, thereby allowing differentiation of neighboring preosteoblasts. Our findings reveal a mechanism explaining how the osteoblast regenerative program is protected from adverse crosstalk with neighboring fibroblasts that advances our understanding of the regulation of bone repair by RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Blum
- Developmental Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany RTG1331, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Gerrit Begemann
- Developmental Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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Blum N, Begemann G. Retinoic acid signaling spatially restricts osteoblasts and controls ray-interray organization during zebrafish fin regeneration. Development 2015; 142:2888-93. [PMID: 26253402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish caudal fin consists of repeated units of bony rays separated by soft interray tissue, an organization that must be faithfully re-established during fin regeneration. How and why regenerating rays respect ray-interray boundaries, thus extending only the existing bone, has remained unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that a retinoic acid (RA)-degrading niche is established by Cyp26a1 in the proximal basal epidermal layer that orchestrates ray-interray organization by spatially restricting osteoblasts. Disruption of this niche causes preosteoblasts to ignore ray-interray boundaries and to invade neighboring interrays where they form ectopic bone. Concomitantly, non-osteoblastic blastema cells and regenerating blood vessels spread into the interrays, resulting in overall disruption of ray-interray organization and irreversible inhibition of fin regeneration. The cyp26a1-expressing niche plays another important role during subsequent regenerative outgrowth, where it facilitates the Shha-promoted proliferation of osteoblasts. Finally, we show that the previously observed distal shift of ray bifurcations in regenerating fins upon RA treatment or amputation close to the bifurcation can be explained by inappropriate preosteoblast alignment and does not necessarily require putative changes in proximodistal information. Our findings uncover a mechanism regulating preosteoblast alignment and maintenance of ray-interray boundaries during fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Blum
- Developmental Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany RTG1331, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Gerrit Begemann
- Developmental Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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Thorimbert V, König D, Marro J, Ruggiero F, Jazwinska A. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes morphogenesis of blood vessels, wound epidermis, and actinotrichia during fin regeneration in zebrafish. FASEB J 2015; 29:4299-312. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Désirée König
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jan Marro
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle‐École Normale Supérieure de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Anna Jazwinska
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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Wehner D, Weidinger G. Signaling networks organizing regenerative growth of the zebrafish fin. Trends Genet 2015; 31:336-43. [PMID: 25929514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, adult salamanders and fish can completely regenerate their appendages after amputation. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this fascinating phenomenon are beginning to emerge, including substantial progress in the identification of signals that control regenerative growth of the zebrafish caudal fin. Despite the fairly simple architecture of the fin, the regulation of its regeneration is complex. Many signals, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), retinoic acid (RA), Notch, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), activin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), are required for regeneration. Much work needs to be done to dissect tissue-specific functions of these pathways and how they interact, but Wnt/β-catenin signaling is already emerging as a central player. Surprisingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to largely indirectly control epidermal patterning, progenitor cell proliferation, and osteoblast maturation via regulation of a multitude of secondary signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wehner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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44
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Pfefferli C, Jaźwińska A. The art of fin regeneration in zebrafish. REGENERATION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2015; 2:72-83. [PMID: 27499869 PMCID: PMC4895310 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish fin provides a valuable model to study the epimorphic type of regeneration, whereby the amputated part of the appendage is nearly perfectly replaced. To accomplish fin regeneration, two reciprocally interacting domains need to be established at the injury site, namely a wound epithelium and a blastema. The wound epithelium provides a supporting niche for the blastema, which contains mesenchyme-derived progenitor cells for the regenerate. The fate of blastemal daughter cells depends on their relative position with respect to the fin margin. The apical compartment of the outgrowth maintains its undifferentiated character, whereas the proximal descendants of the blastema progressively switch from the proliferation program to the morphogenesis program. A delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation has to be continuously adjusted during the course of regeneration. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of blastema formation, and discusses several studies related to the regulation of growth and morphogenesis during fin regeneration. A wide range of canonical signaling pathways has been implicated during the establishment and maintenance of the blastema. Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular plasticity during the transition between differentiation states. Ion fluxes, gap-junctional communication and protein phosphatase activity have been shown to coordinate proliferation and tissue patterning in the caudal fin. The identification of the downstream targets of the fin regeneration signals and the discovery of mechanisms integrating the variety of input pathways represent exciting future aims in this fascinating field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pfefferli
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgCh. du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgCh. du Musée 101700FribourgSwitzerland
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45
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Simões MG, Bensimon-Brito A, Fonseca M, Farinho A, Valério F, Sousa S, Afonso N, Kumar A, Jacinto A. Denervation impairs regeneration of amputated zebrafish fins. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 14:49. [PMID: 25551555 PMCID: PMC4333893 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-014-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish are able to regenerate many of its tissues and organs after damage. In amphibians this process is regulated by nerve fibres present at the site of injury, which have been proposed to release factors into the amputated limbs/fins, promoting and sustaining the proliferation of blastemal cells. Although some candidate factors have been proposed to mediate the nerve dependency of regeneration, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. RESULTS We have used zebrafish as a model system to address the role of nerve fibres in fin regeneration. We have developed a protocol for pectoral fin denervation followed by amputation and analysed the regenerative process under this experimental conditions. Upon denervation fins were able to close the wound and form a wound epidermis, but could not establish a functional apical epithelial cap, with a posterior failure of blastema formation and outgrowth, and the accumulation of several defects. The expression patterns of genes known to be key players during fin regeneration were altered upon denervation, suggesting that nerves can contribute to the regulation of the Fgf, Wnt and Shh pathways during zebrafish fin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that proper innervation of the zebrafish pectoral fin is essential for a successful regenerative process, and establish this organism as a useful model to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of nerve dependence, during vertebrate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Simões
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Farinho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Valério
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Afonso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Biosciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Duran I, Ruiz-Sánchez J, Santamaría JA, Marí-Beffa M. Holmgren's principle of delamination during fin skeletogenesis. Mech Dev 2014; 135:16-30. [PMID: 25460362 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During fin morphogenesis, several mesenchyme condensations occur to give rise to the dermal skeleton. Although each of them seems to create distinctive and unique structures, they all follow the premises of the same morphogenetic principle. Holmgren's principle of delamination was first proposed to describe the morphogenesis of skeletal elements of the cranium, but Jarvik extended it to the development of the fin exoskeleton. Since then, some cellular or molecular explanations, such as the "flypaper" model (Thorogood et al.), or the evolutionary description by Moss, have tried to clarify this topic. In this article, we review new data from zebrafish studies to meet these criteria described by Holmgren and other authors. The variety of cell lineages involved in these skeletogenic condensations sheds light on an open discussion of the contributions of mesoderm- versus neural crest-derived cell lineages to the development of the head and trunk skeleton. Moreover, we discuss emerging molecular studies that are disclosing conserved regulatory mechanisms for dermal skeletogenesis and similarities during fin development and regeneration, which may have important implications in the potential use of the zebrafish fin as a model for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Duran
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - J Ruiz-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - J A Santamaría
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Marí-Beffa
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Mich JK, Payumo AY, Rack PG, Chen JK. In vivo imaging of Hedgehog pathway activation with a nuclear fluorescent reporter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103661. [PMID: 25068273 PMCID: PMC4113417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, and its dysregulation can lead to birth defects and tumorigenesis. Understanding how this signaling mechanism contributes to these processes would benefit from an ability to visualize Hedgehog pathway activity in live organisms, in real time, and with single-cell resolution. We report here the generation of transgenic zebrafish lines that express nuclear-localized mCherry fluorescent protein in a Gli transcription factor-dependent manner. As demonstrated by chemical and genetic perturbations, these lines faithfully report Hedgehog pathway state in individual cells and with high detection sensitivity. They will be valuable tools for studying dynamic Gli-dependent processes in vertebrates and for identifying new chemical and genetic regulators of the Hh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Mich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America. Current address: Children's Research Institute, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Y. Payumo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Rack
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - James K. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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48
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Iida Y, Hibiya K, Inohaya K, Kudo A. Eda/Edar signaling guides fin ray formation with preceding osteoblast differentiation, as revealed by analyses of the medaka all-fin less mutantafl. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:765-77. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Iida
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Kenta Hibiya
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Keiji Inohaya
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
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49
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Ogino Y, Hirakawa I, Inohaya K, Sumiya E, Miyagawa S, Denslow N, Yamada G, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Bmp7 and Lef1 are the downstream effectors of androgen signaling in androgen-induced sex characteristics development in medaka. Endocrinology 2014; 155:449-62. [PMID: 24248458 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play key roles in the morphological specification of male type sex attractive and reproductive organs, whereas little is known about the developmental mechanisms of such secondary sex characters. Medaka offers a clue about sexual differentiation. They show a prominent masculine sexual character for appendage development, the formation of papillary processes in the anal fin, which has been induced in females by exogenous androgen exposure. This current study shows that the development of papillary processes is promoted by androgen-dependent augmentation of bone morphogenic protein 7 (Bmp7) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef1). Androgen receptor (AR) subtypes, ARα and ARβ, are expressed in the distal region of outgrowing bone nodules of developing papillary processes. Development of papillary processes concomitant with the induction of Bmp7 and Lef1 in the distal bone nodules by exposure to methyltestosterone was significantly suppressed by an antiandrogen, flutamide, in female medaka. When Bmp signaling was inhibited in methyltestosterone-exposed females by its inhibitor, dorsomorphin, Lef1 expression was suppressed accompanied by reduced proliferation in the distal bone nodules and retarded bone deposition. These observations indicate that androgen-dependent expressions of Bmp7 and Lef1 are required for the bone nodule outgrowth leading to the formation of these secondary sex characteristics in medaka. The formation of androgen-induced papillary processes may provide insights into the mechanisms regulating the specification of sexual features in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ogino
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (Y.O., I.H., E.S., S.M., T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology (Y.O., I.H., E.S., S.M., T.I.), Faculty of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biological Information (K.I.), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences (N.D.), Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611; Department of Developmental Genetics (G.Y.), Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and National Institute for Environmental Studies (N.T.), Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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50
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Wehner D, Cizelsky W, Vasudevaro MD, Ozhan G, Haase C, Kagermeier-Schenk B, Röder A, Dorsky RI, Moro E, Argenton F, Kühl M, Weidinger G. Wnt/β-catenin signaling defines organizing centers that orchestrate growth and differentiation of the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin. Cell Rep 2014; 6:467-81. [PMID: 24485658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish regenerate their fins via the formation of a population of progenitor cells, the blastema. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for blastemal cell proliferation and patterning of the overlying epidermis. Yet, we find that β-catenin signaling is neither active in the epidermis nor the majority of the proliferative blastemal cells. Rather, tissue-specific pathway interference indicates that Wnt signaling in the nonproliferative distal blastema is required for cell proliferation in the proximal blastema, and signaling in cells lining the osteoblasts directs osteoblast differentiation. Thus, Wnt signaling regulates epidermal patterning, blastemal cell proliferation, and osteoblast maturation indirectly via secondary signals. Gene expression profiling, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and functional rescue experiments suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts through Fgf and Bmp signaling to control epidermal patterning, whereas retinoic acid and Hedgehog signals mediate its effects on blastemal cell proliferation. We propose that Wnt signaling orchestrates fin regeneration by defining organizing centers that instruct cellular behaviors of adjacent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wehner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wiebke Cizelsky
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Günes Ozhan
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christa Haase
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Röder
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Michael Kühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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