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Liu W, Zeng M, Zhan C, Wen J, Wang J. Polystyrene nanoplastics exert cardiotoxicity through the Notch and Wnt pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173253. [PMID: 38761935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of micro(nano)plastics has raised significant concerns among people. Their accumulation in the cardiovascular system necessitates attention to their cardiotoxicity. However, research on the cardiotoxicity of micro(nano)plastics remains scarce. Our study exposed zebrafish embryos to four different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 μg/mL) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) for a period of 7 days. The results indicated that PSNPs noticeably decreased the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish and also induced cardiac developmental abnormalities. The mRNA level analysis revealed significant upregulations of heart development-related genes nkx2.5, cmlc-2, and myh-7 in response to PSNPs. Additionally, PSNPs significantly up-regulated the mRNA level associated with the Notch signaling pathway (notch-1a, jag-1a, and her-7) while remarkably suppressing the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway gene (wnt-3a). Further research showed that PSNPs significantly increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress genes atf-6 and chop, while noticeably inhibiting mitochondrial copy numbers. Moreover, PSNPs were found to decrease calcium ion level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, prolonged exposure to PSNPs for 7 days exacerbated abnormalities in various indicators compared to a 4-day exposure. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PSNPs induce oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, thereby activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting mitochondrial activity, ultimately disrupting the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways. These disruptions result in abnormalities in cardiac developmental genes, ultimately leading to cardiac developmental abnormalities in zebrafish. The present research contributes to a novel understanding of the cardiotoxicity of PSNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Min Zeng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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2
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Bayramov AV, Yastrebov SA, Mednikov DN, Araslanova KR, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Paired fins in vertebrate evolution and ontogeny. Evol Dev 2024; 26:e12478. [PMID: 38650470 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The origin of paired appendages became one of the most important adaptations of vertebrates, allowing them to lead active lifestyles and explore a wide range of ecological niches. The basic form of paired appendages in evolution is the fins of fishes. The problem of paired appendages has attracted the attention of researchers for more than 150 years. During this time, a number of theories have been proposed, mainly based on morphological data, two of which, the Balfour-Thacher-Mivart lateral fold theory and Gegenbaur's gill arch theory, have not lost their relevance. So far, however, none of the proposed ideas has been supported by decisive evidence. The study of the evolutionary history of the appearance and development of paired appendages lies at the intersection of several disciplines and involves the synthesis of paleontological, morphological, embryological, and genetic data. In this review, we attempt to summarize and discuss the results accumulated in these fields and to analyze the theories put forward regarding the prerequisites and mechanisms that gave rise to paired fins and limbs in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Bayramov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Yastrebov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Mednikov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina R Araslanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Ermakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade to steer toward the midline during zebrafish heart tube formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85930. [PMID: 37921445 PMCID: PMC10651176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move toward the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm are known to be required for cardiac fusion. We previously showed however, that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required for cardiac fusion (Bloomekatz et al., 2017). Nevertheless, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway has an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium directing movement toward the midline. In vivo imaging further reveals midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions that become unpolarized in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos where myocardial movements are misdirected and slower. Moreover, we find that PI3K activity is dependent on and interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
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5
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Saunders LM, Srivatsan SR, Duran M, Dorrity MW, Ewing B, Linbo TH, Shendure J, Raible DW, Moens CB, Kimelman D, Trapnell C. Embryo-scale reverse genetics at single-cell resolution. Nature 2023; 623:782-791. [PMID: 37968389 PMCID: PMC10665197 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of single-cell transcriptomic technologies has facilitated the generation of comprehensive cellular atlases from whole embryos1-4. A majority of these data, however, has been collected from wild-type embryos without an appreciation for the latent variation that is present in development. Here we present the 'zebrafish single-cell atlas of perturbed embryos': single-cell transcriptomic data from 1,812 individually resolved developing zebrafish embryos, encompassing 19 timepoints, 23 genetic perturbations and a total of 3.2 million cells. The high degree of replication in our study (eight or more embryos per condition) enables us to estimate the variance in cell type abundance organism-wide and to detect perturbation-dependent deviance in cell type composition relative to wild-type embryos. Our approach is sensitive to rare cell types, resolving developmental trajectories and genetic dependencies in the cranial ganglia neurons, a cell population that comprises less than 1% of the embryo. Additionally, time-series profiling of individual mutants identified a group of brachyury-independent cells with strikingly similar transcriptomes to notochord sheath cells, leading to new hypotheses about early origins of the skull. We anticipate that standardized collection of high-resolution, organism-scale single-cell data from large numbers of individual embryos will enable mapping of the genetic dependencies of zebrafish cell types, while also addressing longstanding challenges in developmental genetics, including the cellular and transcriptional plasticity underlying phenotypic diversity across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madeleine Duran
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Dorrity
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent Ewing
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tor H Linbo
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David Kimelman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Hu P, Wang B, Jin D, Gu Y, He H, Meng X, Zhu W, Chiang DY, Li W, MacRae CA, Zu Y. Modeling of large-scale hoxbb cluster deletions in zebrafish uncovers a role for segmentation pathways in atrioventricular boundary specification. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:317. [PMID: 37801106 PMCID: PMC11072906 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes orchestrate the segmental specification of the muscular circulatory system in invertebrates but it has not proven straightforward to decipher segmental parallels in the vertebrate heart. Recently, patients with HOXB gene cluster deletion were found to exhibit abnormalities including atrioventricular canal defects. Using CRISPR, we established a mutant with the orthologous hoxbb cluster deletion in zebrafish. The mutant exhibited heart failure and atrioventricular regurgitation at 5 days. Analyzing the four genes in the hoxbb cluster, isolated deletion of hoxb1b-/- recapitulated the cardiac abnormalities, supporting hoxb1b as the causal gene. Both in situ and in vitro data indicated that hoxb1b regulates gata5 to inhibit hand2 expression and ultimately is required to pattern the vertebrate atrioventricular boundary. Together, these data reveal a role for segmental specification in vertebrate cardiac development and highlight the utility of CRISPR techniques for efficiently exploring the function of large structural genomic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peinan Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dongxu Jin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yedan Gu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongyang He
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiangli Meng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Y Chiang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yao Zu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Komatsu V, Cooper B, Yim P, Chan K, Gong W, Wheatley L, Rohs R, Fraser SE, Trinh LA. Hand2 represses non-cardiac cell fates through chromatin remodeling at cis- regulatory elements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.559156. [PMID: 37790542 PMCID: PMC10542161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.559156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Developmental studies have revealed the importance of the transcription factor Hand2 in cardiac development. Hand2 promotes cardiac progenitor differentiation and epithelial maturation, while repressing other tissue types. The mechanisms underlying the promotion of cardiac fates are far better understood than those underlying the repression of alternative fates. Here, we assess Hand2-dependent changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling in cardiac progenitors of zebrafish embryos. Cell-type specific transcriptome analysis shows a dual function for Hand2 in activation of cardiac differentiation genes and repression of pronephric pathways. We identify functional cis- regulatory elements whose chromatin accessibility are increased in hand2 mutant cells. These regulatory elements associate with non-cardiac gene expression, and drive reporter gene expression in tissues associated with Hand2-repressed genes. We find that functional Hand2 is sufficient to reduce non-cardiac reporter expression in cardiac lineages. Taken together, our data support a model of Hand2-dependent coordination of transcriptional programs, not only through transcriptional activation of cardiac and epithelial maturation genes, but also through repressive chromatin remodeling at the DNA regulatory elements of non-cardiac genes.
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8
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Huang X, Fu Y, Lee H, Zhao Y, Yang W, van de Leemput J, Han Z. Single-cell profiling of the developing embryonic heart in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201936. [PMID: 37526610 PMCID: PMC10482008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila is an important model for studying heart development and disease. Yet, single-cell transcriptomic data of its developing heart have not been performed. Here, we report single-cell profiling of the entire fly heart using ∼3000 Hand-GFP embryos collected at five consecutive developmental stages, ranging from bilateral migrating rows of cardiac progenitors to a fused heart tube. The data revealed six distinct cardiac cell types in the embryonic fly heart: cardioblasts, both Svp+ and Tin+ subtypes; and five types of pericardial cell (PC) that can be distinguished by four key transcription factors (Eve, Odd, Ct and Tin) and include the newly described end of the line PC. Notably, the embryonic fly heart combines transcriptional signatures of the mammalian first and second heart fields. Using unique markers for each heart cell type, we defined their number and location during heart development to build a comprehensive 3D cell map. These data provide a resource to track the expression of any gene in the developing fly heart, which can serve as a reference to study genetic perturbations and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Huang
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yunpo Zhao
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joyce van de Leemput
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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9
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Tzung KW, Lalonde RL, Prummel KD, Mahabaleshwar H, Moran HR, Stundl J, Cass AN, Le Y, Lea R, Dorey K, Tomecka MJ, Zhang C, Brombacher EC, White WT, Roehl HH, Tulenko FJ, Winkler C, Currie PD, Amaya E, Davis MC, Bronner ME, Mosimann C, Carney TJ. A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins. Nature 2023; 618:543-549. [PMID: 37225983 PMCID: PMC10266977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh-Weei Tzung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin D Prummel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah R Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan Stundl
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda N Cass
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Yao Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Lea
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karel Dorey
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Monika J Tomecka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eline C Brombacher
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William T White
- CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Australia National Fish Collection, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Henry H Roehl
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank J Tulenko
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus C Davis
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tom J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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11
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Truong BT, Shull LC, Lencer E, Bend EG, Field M, Blue EE, Bamshad MJ, Skinner C, Everman D, Schwartz CE, Flanagan-Steet H, Artinger KB. PRDM1 DNA-binding zinc finger domain is required for normal limb development and is disrupted in split hand/foot malformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049977. [PMID: 37083955 PMCID: PMC10151829 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a rare limb abnormality with clefting of the fingers and/or toes. For many individuals, the genetic etiology is unknown. Through whole-exome and targeted sequencing, we detected three novel variants in a gene encoding a transcription factor, PRDM1, that arose de novo in families with SHFM or segregated with the phenotype. PRDM1 is required for limb development; however, its role is not well understood and it is unclear how the PRDM1 variants affect protein function. Using transient and stable overexpression rescue experiments in zebrafish, we show that the variants disrupt the proline/serine-rich and DNA-binding zinc finger domains, resulting in a dominant-negative effect. Through gene expression assays, RNA sequencing, and CUT&RUN in isolated pectoral fin cells, we demonstrate that Prdm1a directly binds to and regulates genes required for fin induction, outgrowth and anterior/posterior patterning, such as fgfr1a, dlx5a, dlx6a and smo. Taken together, these results improve our understanding of the role of PRDM1 in the limb gene regulatory network and identified novel PRDM1 variants that link to SHFM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T. Truong
- Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lomeli C. Shull
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ezra Lencer
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA
| | - Eric G. Bend
- Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW 2298, AUS
| | - Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristin B. Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6595. [PMID: 36329026 PMCID: PMC9633640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
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13
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Qu X, Harmelink C, Baldwin HS. Endocardial-Myocardial Interactions During Early Cardiac Differentiation and Trabeculation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857581. [PMID: 35600483 PMCID: PMC9116504 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the continuum of heart formation, myocardial growth and differentiation occurs in concert with the development of a specialized population of endothelial cells lining the cardiac lumen, the endocardium. Once the endocardial cells are specified, they are in close juxtaposition to the cardiomyocytes, which facilitates communication between the two cell types that has been proven to be critical for both early cardiac development and later myocardial function. Endocardial cues orchestrate cardiomyocyte proliferation, survival, and organization. Additionally, the endocardium enables oxygenated blood to reach the cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes, in turn, secrete factors that promote endocardial growth and function. As misregulation of this delicate and complex endocardial-myocardial interplay can result in congenital heart defects, further delineation of underlying genetic and molecular factors involved in cardiac paracrine signaling will be vital in the development of therapies to promote cardiac homeostasis and regeneration. Herein, we highlight the latest research that has advanced the elucidation of endocardial-myocardial interactions in early cardiac morphogenesis, including endocardial and myocardial crosstalk necessary for cellular differentiation and tissue remodeling during trabeculation, as well as signaling critical for endocardial growth during trabeculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Qu
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cristina Harmelink
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - H. Scott Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: H. Scott Baldwin
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14
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Hand2 delineates mesothelium progenitors and is reactivated in mesothelioma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1677. [PMID: 35354817 PMCID: PMC8967825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium lines body cavities and surrounds internal organs, widely contributing to homeostasis and regeneration. Mesothelium disruptions cause visceral anomalies and mesothelioma tumors. Nonetheless, the embryonic emergence of mesothelia remains incompletely understood. Here, we track mesothelial origins in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) using zebrafish. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a post-gastrulation gene expression signature centered on hand2 in distinct LPM progenitor cells. We map mesothelial progenitors to lateral-most, hand2-expressing LPM and confirm conservation in mouse. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish hand2 reporter embryos captures mesothelium formation including pericardium, visceral, and parietal peritoneum. We find primordial germ cells migrate with the forming mesothelium as ventral migration boundary. Functionally, hand2 loss disrupts mesothelium formation with reduced progenitor cells and perturbed migration. In mouse and human mesothelioma, we document expression of LPM-associated transcription factors including Hand2, suggesting re-initiation of a developmental program. Our data connects mesothelium development to Hand2, expanding our understanding of mesothelial pathologies.
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15
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Gauvrit S, Bossaer J, Lee J, Collins MM. Modeling Human Cardiac Arrhythmias: Insights from Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010013. [PMID: 35050223 PMCID: PMC8779270 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, is associated with morbidity and mortality and is described as one of the most important future public health challenges. Therefore, developing new models of cardiac arrhythmia is critical for understanding disease mechanisms, determining genetic underpinnings, and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the last few decades, the zebrafish has emerged as an attractive model to reproduce in vivo human cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmias. Here, we highlight the contribution of zebrafish to the field and discuss the available cardiac arrhythmia models. Further, we outline techniques to assess potential heart rhythm defects in larval and adult zebrafish. As genetic tools in zebrafish continue to bloom, this model will be crucial for functional genomics studies and to develop personalized anti-arrhythmic therapies.
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16
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Han X, Wang B, Jin D, Liu K, Wang H, Chen L, Zu Y. Precise Dose of Folic Acid Supplementation Is Essential for Embryonic Heart Development in Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010028. [PMID: 35053026 PMCID: PMC8773176 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Folic acid is an essential vitamin for human beings. It has become a consensus to supplement folic acid during pregnancy. It is reported that 15~20% of people in the world supplement folic acid excessively. We found that excessive folic acid supplementation or insufficient folic acid intake could lead to abnormal heart development in zebrafish embryos. We elucidated the mechanism of folic acid on early cardiac development for the first time. These results provide a scientific basis for the important reasonable supplement dose of folic acid. At the same time, we constructed zebrafish mutants with abnormal folate metabolism, which provide a novel biological model for the study of folate acid metabolism. Abstract Folic acid, one of the 13 essential vitamins, plays an important role in cardiovascular development. Mutations in folic acid synthesis gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is associated with the occurrence of congenital heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cardiac development by mthfr gene are poorly understood. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to excessive folate or folate metabolism inhibitors. Moreover, we established a knock-out mutant of mthfr gene in zebrafish by using CRISPR/Cas9. The zebrafish embryos of insufficient or excessive folic acid and mthfr−/− mutant all gave rise to early pericardial edema and cardiac defect at 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Furthermore, the folic acid treated embryos showed abnormal movement at 5 dpf. The expression levels of cardiac marker genes hand2, gata4, and nppa changed in the abnormality of folate metabolism embryos and mthfr−/− mutant, and there is evidence that they are related to the change of methylation level caused by the change of folate metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides a novel model for the in-depth study of MTHFR gene and folate metabolism. Furthermore, our results reveal that folic acid has a dose-dependent effect on early cardiac development. Precise dosage of folic acid supplementation is crucial for the embryonic development of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Han
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dongxu Jin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kuang Liu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yao Zu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.H.); (B.W.); (D.J.); (K.L.); (H.W.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-61900474
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17
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Reynolds S, Pierce C, Powell B, Kite A, Hall-Ruiz N, Schilling T, Le Pabic P. A show of Hands: Novel and conserved expression patterns of teleost hand paralogs during craniofacial, heart, fin, peripheral nervous system and gut development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1796-1809. [PMID: 34091971 PMCID: PMC8639631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand genes are required for the development of the vertebrate jaw, heart, peripheral nervous system, limb, gut, placenta, and decidua. Two Hand paralogues, Hand1 and Hand2, are present in most vertebrates, where they mediate different functions yet overlap in expression. In ray-finned fishes, Hand gene expression and function is only known for the zebrafish, which represents the rare condition of having a single Hand gene, hand2. Here we describe the developmental expression of hand1 and hand2 in the cichlid Copadichromis azureus. RESULTS hand1 and hand2 are expressed in the cichlid heart, paired fins, pharyngeal arches, peripheral nervous system, gut, and lateral plate mesoderm with different degrees of overlap. CONCLUSIONS Hand gene expression in the gut, peripheral nervous system, and pharyngeal arches may have already been fixed in the lobe- and ray-finned fish common ancestor. In other embryonic regions, such as paired appendages, hand2 expression was fixed, while hand1 expression diverged in lobe- and ray-finned fish lineages. In the lateral plate mesoderm and arch associated catecholaminergic cells, hand1 and hand2 swapped expression between divergent lineages. Distinct expression of cichlid hand1 and hand2 in the epicardium and myocardium of the developing heart may represent the ancestral pattern for bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reynolds
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Christian Pierce
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Powell
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Kite
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas Hall-Ruiz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
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18
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Li L, Sheng Z, Yu Y, Lin Y, Chen X, Feng P. Nxhl Controls Angiogenesis by Targeting VE-PTP Through Interaction With Nucleolin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728821. [PMID: 34733844 PMCID: PMC8558974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of angiogenesis is required for organ development, wound repair, and tumor progression. Here, we identified a novel gene, nxhl (New XingHuo light), that is conserved in vertebrates and that plays a crucial role in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered its essential roles in development based on co-expression with several key developmental genes. Knockdown of nxhl in zebrafish causes global and pericardial edema, loss of blood circulation, and vascular defects characterized by both reduced vascularization in intersegmental vessels and decreased sprouting in the caudal vein plexus. The nxhl gene also affects human endothelial cell behavior in vitro. We found that nxhl functions in part by targeting VE-PTP through interaction with NCL (nucleolin). Loss of ptprb (a VE-PTP ortholo) in zebrafish resulted in defects similar to nxhl knockdown. Moreover, nxhl deficiency attenuates tumor invasion and proteins (including VE-PTP and NCL) associated with angiogenesis and EMT. These findings illustrate that nxhl can regulate angiogenesis via a novel nxhl-NCL-VE-PTP axis, providing a new therapeutic target for modulating vascular formation and function, especially for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoan Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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19
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Wang J, Meng X, Feng C, Xiao J, Zhao X, Xiong B, Feng J. Benzophenone-3 induced abnormal development of enteric nervous system in zebrafish through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130670. [PMID: 33971419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disease characterized by the absence of enteric neurons, which is derived from the failure of the proliferation, differentiation or migration of the enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs). HSCR is associated with multiple risk factors, including polygenic inheritance factors and environmental factors. Genetic studies have been extensively performed, whereas studies related to environmental factors remain insufficient. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), one important component of the ultraviolet (UV) filters, has been proved to have cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity which might be associated with HSCR. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model to investigate the relationship between BP-3 exposure and the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in vivo. Embryos exposed to BP-3 showed an average of 46% reduction of the number of the enteric neurons number. Besides, the ENCCs specific markers (ret and hand2) were downregulated upon BP-3 exposure. Moreover, we identified potential targets of BP-3 through Network Pharmacology Analysis and Autodock and demonstrated that the attenuation of the MAPK/ERK signaling might be the potential mechanism underlying the inhibition of the ENS development by BP-3. Importantly, MAPK/ERK signaling agonist could be used to rescue the ENS defects of zebrafish induced by BP-3. Overall, we characterized the influence of BP-3 on ENS development in vivo and explored possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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20
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Perens EA, Diaz JT, Quesnel A, Askary A, Crump JG, Yelon D. osr1 couples intermediate mesoderm cell fate with temporal dynamics of vessel progenitor cell differentiation. Development 2021; 148:dev198408. [PMID: 34338289 PMCID: PMC8380454 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory networks refine gene expression boundaries to define the dimensions of organ progenitor territories. Kidney progenitors originate within the intermediate mesoderm (IM), but the pathways that establish the boundary between the IM and neighboring vessel progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we delineate roles for the zinc-finger transcription factor Osr1 in kidney and vessel progenitor development. Zebrafish osr1 mutants display decreased IM formation and premature emergence of lateral vessel progenitors (LVPs). These phenotypes contrast with the increased IM and absent LVPs observed with loss of the bHLH transcription factor Hand2, and loss of hand2 partially suppresses osr1 mutant phenotypes. hand2 and osr1 are expressed together in the posterior mesoderm, but osr1 expression decreases dramatically prior to LVP emergence. Overexpressing osr1 during this timeframe inhibits LVP development while enhancing IM formation, and can rescue the osr1 mutant phenotype. Together, our data demonstrate that osr1 modulates the extent of IM formation and the temporal dynamics of LVP development, suggesting that a balance between levels of osr1 and hand2 expression is essential to demarcate the kidney and vessel progenitor territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot A. Perens
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessyka T. Diaz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Agathe Quesnel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amjad Askary
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Metikala S, Casie Chetty S, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the zebrafish embryonic trunk. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254024. [PMID: 34234366 PMCID: PMC8263256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells differentiate into a variety of distinct cell types and subtypes with diverse transcriptional profiles. To date, transcriptomic signatures of different cell lineages that arise during development have been only partially characterized. Here we used single-cell RNA-seq to perform transcriptomic analysis of over 20,000 cells disaggregated from the trunk region of zebrafish embryos at the 30 hpf stage. Transcriptional signatures of 27 different cell types and subtypes were identified and annotated during this analysis. This dataset will be a useful resource for many researchers in the fields of developmental and cellular biology and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate cell lineage choices during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Metikala
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Satish Casie Chetty
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hallab JC, Nim HT, Stolper J, Chahal G, Waylen L, Bolk F, Elliott DA, Porrello E, Ramialison M. Towards spatio-temporally resolved developmental cardiac gene regulatory networks in zebrafish. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab030. [PMID: 34170300 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart formation in the zebrafish involves a rapid, complex series of morphogenetic events in three-dimensional space that spans cardiac lineage specification through to chamber formation and maturation. This process is tightly orchestrated by a cardiac gene regulatory network (GRN), which ensures the precise spatio-temporal deployment of genes critical for heart formation. Alterations of the timing or spatial localisation of gene expression can have a significant impact in cardiac ontogeny and may lead to heart malformations. Hence, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of congenital heart disease relies on understanding the behaviour of cardiac GRNs with precise spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review the recent technical advances that have expanded our capacity to interrogate the cardiac GRN in zebrafish. In particular, we focus on studies utilising high-throughput technologies to systematically dissect gene expression patterns, both temporally and spatially during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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23
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Marelli F, Rurale G, Persani L. From Endoderm to Progenitors: An Update on the Early Steps of Thyroid Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:664557. [PMID: 34149617 PMCID: PMC8213386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.664557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying thyroid gland development have a central interest in biology and this review is aimed to provide an update on the recent advancements on the early steps of thyroid differentiation that were obtained in the zebrafish, because this teleost fish revealed to be a suitable organism to study the early developmental stages. Physiologically, the thyroid precursors fate is delineated by the appearance among the endoderm cells of the foregut of a restricted cell population expressing specific transcription factors, including pax2a, nkx2.4b, and hhex. The committed thyroid primordium first appears as a thickening of the pharyngeal floor of the anterior endoderm, that subsequently detaches from the floor and migrates to its final location where it gives rise to the thyroid hormone-producing follicles. At variance with mammalian models, thyroid precursor differentiation in zebrafish occurs early during the developmental process before the dislocation to the eutopic positioning of thyroid follicles. Several pathways have been implicated in these early events and nowadays there is evidence of a complex crosstalk between intrinsic (coming from the endoderm and thyroid precursors) and extrinsic factors (coming from surrounding tissues, as the cardiac mesoderm) whose organization in time and space is probably required for the proper thyroid development. In particular, Notch, Shh, Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt signaling seems to be required for the commitment of endodermal cells to a thyroid fate at specific developmental windows of zebrafish embryo. Here, we summarize the recent findings produced in the various zebrafish experimental models with the aim to define a comprehensive picture of such complicated puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Giuditta Rurale
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
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24
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of basic helix-loop-helix genes in nine molluscs. Gene 2021; 785:145604. [PMID: 33766707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors form a large superfamily that plays an important role in numerous physiological processes, including development and response to environmental stresses. In this study, the distribution of bHLH genes in nine molluscs was systematically investigated (including five bivalves, three gastropods and one cephalopod). Finally, 53-85 bHLH genes were identified from each genome and classified into corresponding families by using phylogenetic analysis. The results of gene structure and conserved motif analysis illustrated the hereditary conservation of bHLH transcription factors during evolution but showed low similarity in group C. Through transcription profile analysis of C. gigas and T. granosa, we found a important role of bHLH genes in responding to multiple external challenges and development; meanwhile, they also exhibited tissue-specific expression. Interestingly, we were also surprised to find different bHLH genes from the same group generally possess similar patterns expression that tends to simultaneously present high or lower expression of multiple challenges and different tissues in this study. In summary, this study lays the foundation for further investigation of the biological functions and evolution of molluscan bHLH genes.
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25
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Bonatto Paese CL, Hawkins MB, Brugmann SA, Harris MP. Atavisms in the avian hindlimb and early developmental polarity of the limb. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1358-1367. [PMID: 33605505 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The naturally occurring chicken mutant talpid2 (ta2 ), best known for its limb and craniofacial defects, has long served as a valuable tool for developmental biologists studying growth and patterning of craniofacial structures and the limb. The mutant provides a unique tool to examine the molecular and cellular processes regulating limb development. RESULTS This mutant also provides unique insights into the evolution of developmental genetic programs. Previous work defined the appearance of atavistic dentition in ta2 embryos. Herein we describe the appearance of ancestral characters of the hindlimb in embryonic ta2 chicken embryos. CONCLUSION As the ta2 phenotype arises as a result of mutation in C2CD3 and disrupted cilia function, this mutant provides genetic and developmental insight into the causes of asymmetry in the limb and also a model for the evolution of the avian hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Bonatto Paese
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Shriners Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Brent Hawkins
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Shriners Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Anterior lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to multiple tissues and requires tbx5a function in left-right asymmetry, migration dynamics, and cell specification of late-addition cardiac cells. Dev Biol 2021; 472:52-66. [PMID: 33482174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate a single cell resolution fate map in the zebrafish in a sub-section of the anterior Lateral Plate Mesoderm (aLPM) at 18 hpf. Our results show that this tissue is not organized into segregated regions but gives rise to intermingled pericardial sac, peritoneum, pharyngeal arch and cardiac precursors. We further report upon asymmetrical contributions of lateral aLPM-derived heart precursors-specifically that twice as many heart precursors arise from the right side versus the left side of the embryo. Cell tracking analyses and large-scale cell labeling of the lateral aLPM corroborate these differences and show that the observed asymmetries are dependent upon Tbx5a expression. Previously, it was shown that cardiac looping was affected in Tbx5a knock-down and knock-out zebrafish (Garrity et al., 2002; Parrie et al., 2013); our present data also implicate tbx5a function in cell specification, establishment and maintenance of cardiac left-right asymmetry.
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27
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The Cdx transcription factors and retinoic acid play parallel roles in antero-posterior position of the pectoral fin field during gastrulation. Mech Dev 2020; 164:103644. [PMID: 32911082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular regulators that determine the precise position of the vertebrate limb along the anterio-posterior axis have not been identified. One model suggests that a combination of hox genes in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) promotes formation of the limb field, however redundancy among duplicated paralogs has made this model difficult to confirm. In this study, we identify an optimal window during mid-gastrulation stages when transient mis-regulation of retinoic acid signaling or the caudal related transcription factor, Cdx4, both known regulators of hox genes, can alter the position of the pectoral fin field. We show that increased levels of either RA or Cdx4 during mid-gastrulation are sufficient to rostrally shift the position of the pectoral fin field at the expense of surrounding gene expression in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (aLPM). Alternatively, embryos deficient for both Cdx4 and Cdx1a (Cdx-deficient) form pectoral fins that are shifted towards the posterior and reveal an additional effect on size of the pectoral fin buds. Prior to formation of the pectoral fin buds, the fin field in Cdx-deficient embryos is visibly expanded into the posterior LPM (pLPM) region at the expense of surrounding gene expression. The effects on gene expression immediately post-gastrulation and during somitogenesis support a model where RA and Cdx4 act in parallel to regulate the position of the pectoral fin. Our transient method is a potentially useful model for studying the mechanisms of limb positioning along the AP axis.
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28
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Budine TE, de Sena-Tomás C, Williams MLK, Sepich DS, Targoff KL, Solnica-Krezel L. Gon4l/Udu regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and maintenance of ventricular chamber identity during zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2020; 462:223-234. [PMID: 32272116 PMCID: PMC10318589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate heart development requires spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression to specify cardiomyocytes, increase the cardiomyocyte population through proliferation, and to establish and maintain atrial and ventricular cardiac chamber identities. The evolutionarily conserved chromatin factor Gon4-like (Gon4l), encoded by the zebrafish ugly duckling (udu) locus, has previously been implicated in cell proliferation, cell survival, and specification of mesoderm-derived tissues including blood and somites, but its role in heart formation has not been studied. Here we report two distinct roles of Gon4l/Udu in heart development: regulation of cell proliferation and maintenance of ventricular identity. We show that zygotic loss of udu expression causes a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte number at one day post fertilization that becomes exacerbated during later development. We present evidence that the cardiomyocyte deficiency in udu mutants results from reduced cell proliferation, unlike hematopoietic deficiencies attributed to TP53-dependent apoptosis. We also demonstrate that expression of the G1/S-phase cell cycle regulator, cyclin E2 (ccne2), is reduced in udu mutant hearts, and that the Gon4l protein associates with regulatory regions of the ccne2 gene during early embryogenesis. Furthermore, udu mutant hearts exhibit a decrease in the proportion of ventricular cardiomyocytes compared to atrial cardiomyocytes, concomitant with progressive reduction of nkx2.5 expression. We further demonstrate that udu and nkx2.5 interact to maintain the proportion of ventricular cardiomyocytes during development. However, we find that ectopic expression of nkx2.5 is not sufficient to restore ventricular chamber identity suggesting that Gon4l regulates cardiac chamber patterning via multiple pathways. Together, our findings define a novel role for zygotically-expressed Gon4l in coordinating cardiomyocyte proliferation and chamber identity maintenance during cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terin E Budine
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Margot L K Williams
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Diane S Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lila Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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HAND2 loss-of-function mutation causes familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23300. [PMID: 31021052 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart develops from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Cardiogenesis involves successive steps, including formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac looping, septation, chamber development, coronary vascularization, and completion of the four-chambered heart. RA is dispensable for primitive heart tube formation. Before looping, RA is required to define the anterior/posterior boundaries of the heart-forming mesoderm as well as to form the atrium and sinus venosus. In outflow tract elongation and septation, RA signaling is required to maintain/differentiate cardiogenic progenitors in the second heart field at the posterior pharyngeal arches level. Epicardium-secreted insulin-like growth factor, the expression of which is regulated by hepatic mesoderm-derived erythropoietin under the control of RA, promotes myocardial proliferation of the ventricular wall. Epicardium-derived RA induces the expression of angiogenic factors in the myocardium to form the coronary vasculature. In cardiogenic events at different stages, properly controlled RA signaling is required to establish the functional heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Pawlak M, Kedzierska KZ, Migdal M, Karim AN, Ramilowski JA, Bugajski L, Hashimoto K, Marconi A, Piwocka K, Carninci P, Winata CL. Dynamics of cardiomyocyte transcriptome and chromatin landscape demarcates key events of heart development. Genome Res 2019; 29:506-519. [PMID: 30760547 PMCID: PMC6396412 DOI: 10.1101/gr.244491.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organogenesis involves dynamic regulation of gene transcription and complex multipathway interactions. Despite our knowledge of key factors regulating various steps of heart morphogenesis, considerable challenges in understanding its mechanism still exist because little is known about their downstream targets and interactive regulatory network. To better understand transcriptional regulatory mechanism driving heart development and the consequences of its disruption in vivo, we performed time-series analyses of the transcriptome and genome-wide chromatin accessibility in isolated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from wild-type zebrafish embryos at developmental stages corresponding to heart tube morphogenesis, looping, and maturation. We identified genetic regulatory modules driving crucial events of heart development that contained key cardiac TFs and are associated with open chromatin regions enriched for DNA sequence motifs belonging to the family of the corresponding TFs. Loss of function of cardiac TFs Gata5, Tbx5a, and Hand2 affected the cardiac regulatory networks and caused global changes in chromatin accessibility profile, indicating their role in heart development. Among regions with differential chromatin accessibility in mutants were highly conserved noncoding elements that represent putative enhancers driving heart development. The most prominent gene expression changes, which correlated with chromatin accessibility modifications within their proximal promoter regions, occurred between heart tube morphogenesis and looping, and were associated with metabolic shift and hematopoietic/cardiac fate switch during CM maturation. Our results revealed the dynamic regulatory landscape throughout heart development and identified interactive molecular networks driving key events of heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pawlak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Z Kedzierska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abu Nahia Karim
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lukasz Bugajski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Aleksandra Marconi
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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32
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Abolins-Abols M, Kornobis E, Ribeca P, Wakamatsu K, Peterson MP, Ketterson ED, Milá B. Differential gene regulation underlies variation in melanic plumage coloration in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis
). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4501-4515. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikus Abolins-Abols
- Department of Animal Biology; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | | | | | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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33
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Farr GH, Imani K, Pouv D, Maves L. Functional testing of a human PBX3 variant in zebrafish reveals a potential modifier role in congenital heart defects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035972. [PMID: 30355621 PMCID: PMC6215422 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome and exome sequencing efforts are increasingly identifying candidate genetic variants associated with human disease. However, predicting and testing the pathogenicity of a genetic variant remains challenging. Genome editing allows for the rigorous functional testing of human genetic variants in animal models. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a prominent example of a human disorder with complex genetics. An inherited sequence variant in the human PBX3 gene (PBX3 p.A136V) has previously been shown to be enriched in a CHD patient cohort, indicating that the PBX3 p.A136V variant could be a modifier allele for CHDs. Pbx genes encode three-amino-acid loop extension (TALE)-class homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins with diverse roles in development and disease, and are required for heart development in mouse and zebrafish. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to directly test whether this Pbx gene variant acts as a genetic modifier in zebrafish heart development. We used a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide to precisely introduce the human PBX3 p.A136V variant in the homologous zebrafish pbx4 gene (pbx4 p.A131V). We observed that zebrafish that are homozygous for pbx4 p.A131V are viable as adults. However, the pbx4 p.A131V variant enhances the embryonic cardiac morphogenesis phenotype caused by loss of the known cardiac specification factor, Hand2. Our study is the first example of using precision genome editing in zebrafish to demonstrate a function for a human disease-associated single nucleotide variant of unknown significance. Our work underscores the importance of testing the roles of inherited variants, not just de novo variants, as genetic modifiers of CHDs. Our study provides a novel approach toward advancing our understanding of the complex genetics of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gist H Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimia Imani
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darren Pouv
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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34
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Li J, Gao F, Zhao Y, He L, Huang Y, Yang X, Zhou Y, Yu L, Zhao Q, Dong X. Zebrafish
znfl1s
regulate left‐right asymmetry patterning through controlling the expression of
fgfr1a. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1987-1995. [PMID: 30317609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Medical InstituteWomen’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Yingmin Zhao
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Luqingqing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Yahui Zhou
- Maternal and Child Health Medical InstituteWomen’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of PediatricJingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou UniversityJingjiang, Jiangsu China
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35
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Wu RS, Lam II, Clay H, Duong DN, Deo RC, Coughlin SR. A Rapid Method for Directed Gene Knockout for Screening in G0 Zebrafish. Dev Cell 2018; 46:112-125.e4. [PMID: 29974860 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful model for forward genetics. Reverse genetic approaches are limited by the time required to generate stable mutant lines. We describe a system for gene knockout that consistently produces null phenotypes in G0 zebrafish. Yolk injection of sets of four CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes redundantly targeting a single gene recapitulated germline-transmitted knockout phenotypes in >90% of G0 embryos for each of 8 test genes. Early embryonic (6 hpf) and stable adult phenotypes were produced. Simultaneous multi-gene knockout was feasible but associated with toxicity in some cases. To facilitate use, we generated a lookup table of four-guide sets for 21,386 zebrafish genes and validated several. Using this resource, we targeted 50 cardiomyocyte transcriptional regulators and uncovered a role of zbtb16a in cardiac development. This system provides a platform for rapid screening of genes of interest in development, physiology, and disease models in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland S Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ian I Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hilary Clay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel N Duong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rahul C Deo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shaun R Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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36
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Guzzolino E, Chiavacci E, Ahuja N, Mariani L, Evangelista M, Ippolito C, Rizzo M, Garrity D, Cremisi F, Pitto L. Post-transcriptional Modulation of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 by miR-19a Affects Cardiovascular Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:58. [PMID: 29922649 PMCID: PMC5996577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid and a signaling molecule integrated into many physiological systems such as differentiation, proliferation and migration. In mammals S1P acts through binding to a family of five trans-membrane, G-protein coupled receptors (S1PRs) whose complex role has not been completely elucidated. In this study we use zebrafish, in which seven s1prs have been identified, to investigate the role of s1pr1. In mammals S1PR1 is the most highly expressed S1P receptor in the developing heart and regulates vascular development, but in zebrafish the data concerning its role are contradictory. Here we show that overexpression of zebrafish s1pr1 affects both vascular and cardiac development. Moreover we demonstrate that s1pr1 expression is strongly repressed by miR-19a during the early phases of zebrafish development. In line with this observation and with a recent study showing that miR-19a is downregulated in a zebrafish Holt-Oram model, we now demonstrate that s1pr1 is upregulated in heartstring hearts. Next we investigated whether defects induced by s1pr1 upregulation might contribute to the morphological alterations caused by Tbx5 depletion. We show that downregulation of s1pr1 is able to partially rescue cardiac and fin defects induced by Tbx5 depletion. Taken together, these data support a role for s1pr1 in zebrafish cardiovascular development, suggest the involvement of this receptor in the Tbx5 regulatory circuitry, and further support the crucial role of microRNAs in early phase of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Chiavacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Neha Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laura Mariani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Evangelista
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Garrity
- Department of Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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37
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Fukui H, Miyazaki T, Chow RWY, Ishikawa H, Nakajima H, Vermot J, Mochizuki N. Hippo signaling determines the number of venous pole cells that originate from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:29106. [PMID: 29809141 PMCID: PMC5995544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of the lateral plate mesoderm cells into heart field cells constitutes a critical step in the development of cardiac tissue and the genesis of functional cardiomyocytes. Hippo signaling controls cardiomyocyte proliferation, but the role of Hippo signaling during early cardiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that Hippo signaling regulates atrial cell number by specifying the developmental potential of cells within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM), which are incorporated into the venous pole of the heart tube and ultimately into the atrium of the heart. We demonstrate that Hippo signaling acts through large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 to modulate BMP signaling and the expression of hand2, a key transcription factor that is involved in the differentiation of atrial cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Hippo signaling defines venous pole cardiomyocyte number by modulating both the number and the identity of the ALPM cells that will populate the atrium of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Renee Wei-Yan Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,AMED-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Continuous addition of progenitors forms the cardiac ventricle in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2001. [PMID: 29784942 PMCID: PMC5962599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart develops from several progenitor lineages. After early-differentiating first heart field (FHF) progenitors form the linear heart tube, late-differentiating second heart field (SHF) progenitors extend the atrium and ventricle, and form inflow and outflow tracts (IFT/OFT). However, the position and migration of late-differentiating progenitors during heart formation remains unclear. Here, we track zebrafish heart development using transgenics based on the cardiopharyngeal gene tbx1. Live imaging uncovers a tbx1 reporter-expressing cell sheath that continuously disseminates from the lateral plate mesoderm towards the forming heart tube. High-speed imaging and optogenetic lineage tracing corroborates that the zebrafish ventricle forms through continuous addition from the undifferentiated progenitor sheath followed by late-phase accrual of the bulbus arteriosus (BA). FGF inhibition during sheath migration reduces ventricle size and abolishes BA formation, refining the window of FGF action during OFT formation. Our findings consolidate previous end-point analyses and establish zebrafish ventricle formation as a continuous process. Late-differentiating second heart field progenitors contribute to atrium, ventricle, and outflow tract in the zebrafish heart but how remains unclear. Here, the authors image heart formation in transgenics based on the cardiopharyngeal gene tbx1 and show that progenitors are continuously added.
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39
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Meng J, Xu WY, Chen X, Lin T, Deng XY. Gene locations may contribute to predicting gene regulatory relationships. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:25-37. [PMID: 29308605 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose that locations of genes on chromosomes can contribute to the prediction of gene regulatory relationships. We constructed a time-based gene regulatory network of zebrafish cardiogenesis on the basis of a spatio-temporal neighborhood method. Through the network, specific regulatory pathways and order of gene expression during zebrafish cardiogenesis were obtained. By comparing the order with locations of these genes on chromosomes, we discovered that there exists a reversal phenomenon between the order and order of gene locations. The discovery provides an inherent rule to instruct exploration of gene regulatory relationships. Specifically, the discovery can help to predict if regulatory relationships between genes exist and contribute to evaluating the correctness of discovered gene regulatory relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Department of System Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Xu
- Department of System Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of System Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Laboratory of Machine Learning and Optimization, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne 999034, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Yu Deng
- Department of System Science and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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40
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Tian J, Wang R, Hou Q, Li M, Chen L, Deng X, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, He W, Fu X. Optimization and enrichment of induced cardiomyocytes derived from mouse fibroblasts by reprogramming with cardiac transcription factors. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3912-3920. [PMID: 29257325 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease within developed countries has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Cell‑based cardiac repair is an emerging therapy for the treatment of cardiac diseases; however, a limited source of the optimal type of donor cell, such as an autologous cardiomyocyte, restricts clinical application. The novel therapeutic use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may serve as a unique and unlimited source of cardiomyocytes; however, iPSC contamination has been associated with teratoma formation following transplantation. The present study investigated whether cardiomyocytes from mouse fibroblasts may be reprogrammed in vitro with four cardiac transcription factors, including GATA binding protein 4, myocyte‑specific enhancer factor 2C, T‑box transcription factor 5, and heart‑ and neural crest derivatives‑expressed protein 2 (GMTH). Cardiac‑specific markers, including α‑myosin heavy chain (α‑MHC), β‑MHC, atrial natriuretic factor, NK2 homeobox 5 and cardiac troponin T were observed within mouse fibroblasts reprogrammed with GMTH, which was reported to be more effective than GMT. In addition, Percoll density centrifugation enriched a population of ~72.4±5.5% α‑MHC+ induced cardiomyocytes, which retained the expression profile of cardiomyocyte markers and were similar to natural neonatal cardiomyocytes in well‑defined sarcomeric structures. The findings of the present study provided a potential solution to myocardial repair via a cell therapy applying tissue engineering with minimized risks of immune rejection and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- Centre for Medical Device Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qian Hou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Deng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun He
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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41
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Cahill TJ, Choudhury RP, Riley PR. Heart regeneration and repair after myocardial infarction: translational opportunities for novel therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:699-717. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Samson N, Paulin R. Epigenetics, inflammation and metabolism in right heart failure associated with pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:572-587. [PMID: 28628000 PMCID: PMC5841893 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217714463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the most important prognostic factor for both morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but also occurs in numerous other common diseases and conditions, including left ventricle dysfunction. RVF remains understudied compared with left ventricular failure (LVF). However, right and left ventricles have many differences at the morphological level or the embryologic origin, and respond differently to pressure overload. Therefore, knowledge from the left ventricle cannot be extrapolated to the right ventricle. Few studies have focused on the right ventricle and have permitted to increase our knowledge on the right ventricular-specific mechanisms driving decompensation. Here we review basic principles such as mechanisms accounting for right ventricle hypertrophy, dysfunction, and transition toward failure, with a focus on epigenetics, inflammatory, and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Samson
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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43
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Diamante G, Menjivar-Cervantes N, Leung MS, Volz DC, Schlenk D. Contribution of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) to 17β-estradiol-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:180-187. [PMID: 28284154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) influences the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, and E2-mediated disruption of signaling events during early development can lead to malformations such as cardiac defects. In this study, we investigated the potential role of the G-protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) in E2-induced developmental toxicity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E2 from 2h post fertilization (hpf) to 76 hpf with subsequent transcriptional measurements of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (hand2), leucine rich repeat containing 10 (lrrc10), and gper at 12, 28 and 76 hpf. Alteration in the expression of lrrc10, hand2 and gper was observed at 12 hpf and 76 hpf, but not at 28 hpf. Expression of these genes was also altered after exposure to G1 (a GPER agonist) at 76 hpf. Expression of lrrc10, hand2 and gper all coincided with the formation of cardiac edema at 76 hpf as well as other developmental abnormalities. While co-exposure of G1 with G36 (a GPER antagonist) rescued G1-induced abnormalities and altered gene expression, co-exposure of E2 with G36, or ICI 182,780 (an estrogen receptor antagonist) did not rescue E2-induced cardiac deformities or gene expression. In addition, no effects on the concentrations of downstream ER and GPER signaling molecules (cAMP or calcium) were observed in embryo homogenates after E2 treatment. These data suggest that the impacts of E2 on embryonic development at this stage are complex and may involve multiple receptor and/or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciel Diamante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, United States.
| | - Norma Menjivar-Cervantes
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Man Sin Leung
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, United States.
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44
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Liu L, Yuan Y, He X, Xia X, Mo X. MicroRNA-1 upregulation promotes myocardiocyte proliferation and suppresses apoptosis during heart development. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2837-2842. [PMID: 28260051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the role of microRNAs (miRs) in heart development to reveal the miRNA mechanism of action in congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR‑1 in heart development in P19 cells. The mRNA level for miR‑1 in P19 cells was detected before or after cardiomyocyte differentiation, using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Expression of cardiomyocyte differentiation markers was also analyzed. The effect of miR‑1 overexpression on the viability and apoptosis of differentiated P19 cells was assessed using MTT and Annexin V‑FITC assays, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of miR-1 on expression of markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis were also analyzed in differentiated P19 cells using western blotting. The results demonstrated that P19 cells were successfully differentiated into cardiomyocytes, and that endogenous miR‑1 expression was significantly decreased in differentiated P19 cells compared with undifferentiated P19 cells. Overexpression of miR‑1 resulted in increased viability in differentiated P19 cells and decreased apoptosis, compared with the normal control. In addition, expression of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 (Hand2) was increased in differentiated cells with miR‑1 overexpressed compared with normal cells, while caspase‑3 cleavage was decreased by miR‑1 overexpression. In conclusion, the present study suggested that miR-1 upregulation may be important in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in P19 differentiated cardiomyocytes by increasing Hand2 expression and suppressing caspase‑3 cleavage. The present study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the explanation of the mechanism of CHD and investigate miR‑1 as a potential therapeutic target for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, People's Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, People's Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua He
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, People's Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Department of Ultrasonography, People's Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Mo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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45
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Zhu D, Fang Y, Gao K, Shen J, Zhong TP, Li F. Vegfa Impacts Early Myocardium Development in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020444. [PMID: 28230770 PMCID: PMC5343978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) signaling regulates cardiovascular development. However, the cellular mechanisms of Vegfa signaling in early cardiogenesis remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand the differential functions and mechanisms of Vegfa signaling in cardiac development. A loss-of-function approach was utilized to study the effect of Vegfa signaling in cardiogenesis. Both morphants and mutants for vegfaa display defects in cardiac looping and chamber formation, especially the ventricle. Vegfa regulates the heart morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the initial fusion of the bilateral myocardium population is delayed rather than endocardium. The results demonstrate that Vegfa signaling plays a direct impact on myocardium fusion, indicating that it is the initial cause of the heart defects. The heart morphogenesis is regulated by Vegfa in a dose-dependent manner, and later endocardium defects may be secondary to impaired myocardium–endocardium crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yabo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Tao P Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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46
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Gays D, Hess C, Camporeale A, Ala U, Provero P, Mosimann C, Santoro MM. An exclusive cellular and molecular network governs intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation in vertebrates. Development 2017; 144:464-478. [PMID: 28049660 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) are a crucial component of the adult gastrointestinal tract and support intestinal differentiation, peristalsis and epithelial homeostasis during development. Despite these crucial roles, the origin of iSMCs and the mechanisms responsible for their differentiation and function remain largely unknown in vertebrates. Here, we demonstrate that iSMCs arise from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) in a stepwise process. Combining pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that TGFβ/Alk5 signaling drives the LPM ventral migration and commitment to an iSMC fate. The Alk5-dependent induction of zeb1a and foxo1a is required for this morphogenetic process: zeb1a is responsible for driving LPM migration around the gut, whereas foxo1a regulates LPM predisposition to iSMC differentiation. We further show that TGFβ, zeb1a and foxo1a are tightly linked together by miR-145 In iSMC-committed cells, TGFβ induces the expression of miR-145, which in turn is able to downregulate zeb1a and foxo1a The absence of miR-145 results in only a slight reduction in the number of iSMCs, which still express mesenchymal genes but fail to contract. Together, our data uncover a cascade of molecular events that govern distinct morphogenetic steps during the emergence and differentiation of vertebrate iSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Gays
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christopher Hess
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy .,Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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47
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Grant MG, Patterson VL, Grimes DT, Burdine RD. Modeling Syndromic Congenital Heart Defects in Zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 124:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Perens EA, Garavito-Aguilar ZV, Guio-Vega GP, Peña KT, Schindler YL, Yelon D. Hand2 inhibits kidney specification while promoting vein formation within the posterior mesoderm. eLife 2016; 5:19941. [PMID: 27805568 PMCID: PMC5132343 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper organogenesis depends upon defining the precise dimensions of organ progenitor territories. Kidney progenitors originate within the intermediate mesoderm (IM), but the pathways that set the boundaries of the IM are poorly understood. Here, we show that the bHLH transcription factor Hand2 limits the size of the embryonic kidney by restricting IM dimensions. The IM is expanded in zebrafish hand2 mutants and is diminished when hand2 is overexpressed. Within the posterior mesoderm, hand2 is expressed laterally adjacent to the IM. Venous progenitors arise between these two territories, and hand2 promotes venous development while inhibiting IM formation at this interface. Furthermore, hand2 and the co-expressed zinc-finger transcription factor osr1 have functionally antagonistic influences on kidney development. Together, our data suggest that hand2 functions in opposition to osr1 to balance the formation of kidney and vein progenitors by regulating cell fate decisions at the lateral boundary of the IM. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19941.001 The human body is made up of many different types of cells, yet they are all descended from one single fertilized egg cell. The process by which cells specialize into different types is complex and has many stages. At each step of the process, the selection of cell types that a cell can eventually become is increasingly restricted. The entire system is controlled by switching different genes on and off in different groups of cells. Balancing the activity of these genes ensures that enough cells of each type are made in order to build a complete and healthy body. Upsetting this balance can result in organs that are too large, too small or even missing altogether. The cells that form the kidneys and bladder originate within a tissue called the intermediate mesoderm. Controlling the size of this tissue is an important part of building working kidneys. Perens et al. studied how genes control the size of the intermediate mesoderm of zebrafish embryos, which is very similar to the intermediate mesoderm of humans. The experiments revealed that a gene called hand2, which is switched on in cells next to the intermediate mesoderm, restricts the size of this tissue in order to determine the proper size of the kidney. Switching off the hand2 gene resulted in zebrafish with abnormally large kidneys. Loss of hand2 also led to the loss of a different type of cell that forms veins. These findings suggest that cells with an active hand2 gene are unable to become intermediate mesoderm cells and instead go on to become part of the veins. These experiments also demonstrated that a gene called osr1 works in opposition to hand2 to determine the right number of cells that are needed to build the kidneys. Further work will reveal how hand2 prevents cells from joining the intermediate mesoderm and how its role is balanced by the activity of osr1. Understanding how the kidneys form could eventually help to diagnose or treat several genetic diseases and may make it possible to grow replacement kidneys from unspecialized cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19941.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot A Perens
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Zayra V Garavito-Aguilar
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina P Guio-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen T Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yocheved L Schindler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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Santos ME, Baldo L, Gu L, Boileau N, Musilova Z, Salzburger W. Comparative transcriptomics of anal fin pigmentation patterns in cichlid fishes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:712. [PMID: 27600936 PMCID: PMC5012078 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the genetic basis of novel traits is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Two novel pigmentation phenotypes, egg-spots and blotches, emerged during the rapid diversification of East African cichlid fishes. Egg-spots are circular pigmentation markings on the anal fins of hundreds of derived haplochromine cichlids species, whereas blotches are patches of conspicuous anal fin pigmentation with ill-defined boundaries that occur in few species that belong to basal cichlid lineages. Both traits play an important role in the breeding behavior of this group of fishes. Knowledge about the origin, homology and underlying genetics of these pigmentation traits is sparse. Results Here, we present a comparative transcriptomic and differential gene expression analysis of egg-spots and blotches. We first conducted an RNA sequencing experiment where we compared egg-spot tissue with the remaining portion of egg-spot-free fin tissue using six individuals of Astatotilapia burtoni. We identified 1229 differentially expressed genes between the two tissue types. We then showed that rates of evolution of these genes are higher than average estimated on whole transcriptome data. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we found that 29 out of a subset of 46 differentially expressed genes showed an analogous expression pattern in another haplochromine species’ egg-spots, Cynotilapia pulpican, strongly suggesting that these genes are involved in the egg-spot phenotype. Among these are the previously identified egg-spot gene fhl2a, two known patterning genes (hoxC12a and bmp3) as well as other pigmentation related genes such as asip. Finally, we analyzed the expression patterns of the same gene subset in two species that feature blotches instead of egg-spots, one haplochromine species (Pseudocrenilabrus philander) and one ectodine species (Callochromis macrops), revealing that the expression patterns in blotches and egg-spots are rather distinct. Conclusions We identified several candidate genes that will serve as an important and useful resource for future research on the emergence and diversification of cichlid fishes’ egg-spots. Only a limited degree of conservation of gene expression patterns was detected between the egg-spots of the derived haplochromines and blotches from ancestral haplochromines, as well as between the two types of blotches, suggesting an independent origin of these traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3046-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emília Santos
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 5242, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
| | - Laura Baldo
- Ecology Department, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Langyu Gu
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Boileau
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bloomekatz J, Galvez-Santisteban M, Chi NC. Myocardial plasticity: cardiac development, regeneration and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:120-130. [PMID: 27498024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is unable to recover from myocardial cell loss due to cardiac ischemia and infarction because terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes proliferate at a low rate. However, cardiomyocytes in other vertebrate animal models such as zebrafish, axolotls, newts and mammalian mouse neonates are capable of de-differentiating in order to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent cardiac regeneration after injury. Although de-differentiation may occur in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, it is typically associated with diseased hearts and pathologic remodeling rather than repair and regeneration. Here, we review recent studies of cardiac development, regeneration and disease that highlight how changes in myocardial identity (plasticity) is regulated and impacts adaptive and maladaptive cardiac responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Galvez-Santisteban
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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