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Verma M, Asakura Y, Wang X, Zhou K, Ünverdi M, Kann AP, Krauss RS, Asakura A. Endothelial cell signature in muscle stem cells validated by VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 axis promoting survival of muscle stem cell. eLife 2024; 13:e73592. [PMID: 38842166 PMCID: PMC11216748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and skeletal muscle lineages arise from common embryonic progenitors. Despite their shared developmental origin, adult endothelial cells (ECs) and muscle stem cells (MuSCs; satellite cells) have been thought to possess distinct gene signatures and signaling pathways. Here, we shift this paradigm by uncovering how adult MuSC behavior is affected by the expression of a subset of EC transcripts. We used several computational analyses including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to show that MuSCs express low levels of canonical EC markers in mice. We demonstrate that MuSC survival is regulated by one such prototypic endothelial signaling pathway (VEGFA-FLT1). Using pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify the FLT1-AKT1 axis as the key effector underlying VEGFA-mediated regulation of MuSC survival. All together, our data support that the VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 pathway promotes MuSC survival during muscle regeneration, and highlights how the minor expression of select transcripts is sufficient for affecting cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Verma
- Department of Pediatrics & Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Kasey Zhou
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Mahmut Ünverdi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
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2
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Girolamo DD, Benavente-Diaz M, Murolo M, Grimaldi A, Lopes PT, Evano B, Kuriki M, Gioftsidi S, Laville V, Tinevez JY, Letort G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S, Comai G. Extraocular muscle stem cells exhibit distinct cellular properties associated with non-muscle molecular signatures. Development 2024; 151:dev202144. [PMID: 38240380 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are recognised as functionally heterogeneous. Cranial MuSCs are reported to have greater proliferative and regenerative capacity when compared with those in the limb. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this functional heterogeneity is lacking. Here, we have used clonal analysis, live imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis to identify crucial features that distinguish extraocular muscle (EOM) from limb muscle stem cell populations. A MyogeninntdTom reporter showed that the increased proliferation capacity of EOM MuSCs correlates with deferred differentiation and lower expression of the myogenic commitment gene Myod. Unexpectedly, EOM MuSCs activated in vitro expressed a large array of extracellular matrix components typical of mesenchymal non-muscle cells. Computational analysis underscored a distinct co-regulatory module, which is absent in limb MuSCs, as driver of these features. The EOM transcription factor network, with Foxc1 as key player, appears to be hardwired to EOM identity as it persists during growth, disease and in vitro after several passages. Our findings shed light on how high-performing MuSCs regulate myogenic commitment by remodelling their local environment and adopting properties not generally associated with myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Girolamo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria Benavente-Diaz
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Melania Murolo
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Grimaldi
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Complexité du Vivant, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Thomas Lopes
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mao Kuriki
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stamatia Gioftsidi
- Université Paris-Est, 77420 Champs-sur- Marne, France
- Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis Hub, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Mella
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells and Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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3
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Gribaudo S, Robert R, van Sambeek B, Mirdass C, Lyubimova A, Bouhali K, Ferent J, Morin X, van Oudenaarden A, Nedelec S. Self-organizing models of human trunk organogenesis recapitulate spinal cord and spine co-morphogenesis. Nat Biotechnol 2023:10.1038/s41587-023-01956-9. [PMID: 37709912 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrated in vitro models of human organogenesis are needed to elucidate the multi-systemic events underlying development and disease. Here we report the generation of human trunk-like structures that model the co-morphogenesis, patterning and differentiation of the human spine and spinal cord. We identified differentiation conditions for human pluripotent stem cells favoring the formation of an embryo-like extending antero-posterior (AP) axis. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics show that somitic and spinal cord differentiation trajectories organize along this axis and can self-assemble into a neural tube surrounded by somites upon extracellular matrix addition. Morphogenesis is coupled with AP patterning mechanisms, which results, at later stages of organogenesis, in in vivo-like arrays of neural subtypes along a neural tube surrounded by spine and muscle progenitors contacted by neuronal projections. This integrated system of trunk development indicates that in vivo-like multi-tissue co-morphogenesis and topographic organization of terminal cell types can be achieved in human organoids, opening windows for the development of more complex models of organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gribaudo
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Robert
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France
| | - Björn van Sambeek
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camil Mirdass
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Anna Lyubimova
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kamal Bouhali
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julien Ferent
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Morin
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Nedelec
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
- Inserm, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, Paris, France.
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4
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Sahai-Hernandez P, Pouget C, Eyal S, Svoboda O, Chacon J, Grimm L, Gjøen T, Traver D. Dermomyotome-derived endothelial cells migrate to the dorsal aorta to support hematopoietic stem cell emergence. eLife 2023; 12:e58300. [PMID: 37695317 PMCID: PMC10495111 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the dorsal aorta is a key step in the establishment of the adult blood-forming system, since hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from ventral aortic endothelium in all vertebrate animals studied. Work in zebrafish has demonstrated that arterial and venous endothelial precursors arise from distinct subsets of lateral plate mesoderm. Here, we profile the transcriptome of the earliest detectable endothelial cells (ECs) during zebrafish embryogenesis to demonstrate that tissue-specific EC programs initiate much earlier than previously appreciated, by the end of gastrulation. Classic studies in the chick embryo showed that paraxial mesoderm generates a subset of somite-derived endothelial cells (SDECs) that incorporate into the dorsal aorta to replace HSPCs as they exit the aorta and enter circulation. We describe a conserved program in the zebrafish, where a rare population of endothelial precursors delaminates from the dermomyotome to incorporate exclusively into the developing dorsal aorta. Although SDECs lack hematopoietic potential, they act as a local niche to support the emergence of HSPCs from neighboring hemogenic endothelium. Thus, at least three subsets of ECs contribute to the developing dorsal aorta: vascular ECs, hemogenic ECs, and SDECs. Taken together, our findings indicate that the distinct spatial origins of endothelial precursors dictate different cellular potentials within the developing dorsal aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sahai-Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Shai Eyal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ondrej Svoboda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Chacon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lin Grimm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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5
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Prediction of Regulatory SNPs in Putative Minor Genes of the Neuro-Cardiovascular Variant in Fabry Reveals Insights into Autophagy/Apoptosis and Fibrosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091287. [PMID: 36138766 PMCID: PMC9495465 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Even though a mutation in monogenic diseases leads to a “classic” manifestation, many disorders exhibit great clinical variability that could be due to modifying genes also called minor genes. Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error resulting from the deficient or absent activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GAL) enzyme, that leads to deposits of globotriaosylceramide. With our proprietary software SNPclinic v.1.0, we analyzed 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proximal promoter of 14 genes that could modify the FD phenotype FD. We found seven regulatory-SNP (rSNPs) in three genes (IL10, TGFB1 and EDN1) in five cell lines relevant to FD (Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, Astrocytes-cerebellar, endothelial cells and T helper cells 1-TH1). Each SNP was confirmed as a true rSNP in public eQTL databases, and additional software suggested the prediction of variants. The two proposed rSNPs in IL10, could explain components for the regulation of active B cells that influence the fibrosis process. The three predicted rSNPs in TGFB1, could act in apoptosis-autophagy regulation. The two putative rSNPs in EDN1, putatively regulate chronic inflammation. The seven rSNPs described here could act to modulate Fabry’s clinical phenotype so we propose that IL10, TGFB1 and EDN1 be considered minor genes in FD.
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6
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Grimaldi A, Comai G, Mella S, Tajbakhsh S. Identification of bipotent progenitors that give rise to myogenic and connective tissues in mouse. eLife 2022; 11:70235. [PMID: 35225230 PMCID: PMC9020825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How distinct cell fates are manifested by direct lineage ancestry from bipotent progenitors, or by specification of individual cell types is a key question for understanding the emergence of tissues. The interplay between skeletal muscle progenitors and associated connective tissue cells provides a model for examining how muscle functional units are established. Most craniofacial structures originate from the vertebrate-specific neural crest cells except in the dorsal portion of the head, where they arise from cranial mesoderm. Here, using multiple lineage-tracing strategies combined with single cell RNAseq and in situ analyses, we identify bipotent progenitors expressing Myf5 (an upstream regulator of myogenic fate) that give rise to both muscle and juxtaposed connective tissue. Following this bifurcation, muscle and connective tissue cells retain complementary signalling features and maintain spatial proximity. Disrupting myogenic identity shifts muscle progenitors to a connective tissue fate. The emergence of Myf5-derived connective tissue is associated with the activity of several transcription factors, including Foxp2. Interestingly, this unexpected bifurcation in cell fate was not observed in craniofacial regions that are colonised by neural crest cells. Therefore, we propose that an ancestral bi-fated program gives rise to muscle and connective tissue cells in skeletal muscles that are deprived of neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenda Comai
- UMR 3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Mella
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Della Gaspera B, Weill L, Chanoine C. Evolution of Somite Compartmentalization: A View From Xenopus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790847. [PMID: 35111756 PMCID: PMC8802780 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites are transitory metameric structures at the basis of the axial organization of vertebrate musculoskeletal system. During evolution, somites appear in the chordate phylum and compartmentalize mainly into the dermomyotome, the myotome, and the sclerotome in vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the existing literature about somite compartmentalization in Xenopus and compared it with other anamniote and amniote vertebrates. We also present and discuss a model that describes the evolutionary history of somite compartmentalization from ancestral chordates to amniote vertebrates. We propose that the ancestral organization of chordate somite, subdivided into a lateral compartment of multipotent somitic cells (MSCs) and a medial primitive myotome, evolves through two major transitions. From ancestral chordates to vertebrates, the cell potency of MSCs may have evolved and gave rise to all new vertebrate compartments, i.e., the dermomyome, its hypaxial region, and the sclerotome. From anamniote to amniote vertebrates, the lateral MSC territory may expand to the whole somite at the expense of primitive myotome and may probably facilitate sclerotome formation. We propose that successive modifications of the cell potency of some type of embryonic progenitors could be one of major processes of the vertebrate evolution.
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8
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Ferdous A, Singh S, Luo Y, Abedin MJ, Jiang N, Perry CE, Evers BM, Gillette TG, Kyba M, Trojanowska M, Hill JA. Fli1 Promotes Vascular Morphogenesis by Regulating Endothelial Potential of Multipotent Myogenic Progenitors. Circ Res 2021; 129:949-964. [PMID: 34544261 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Ferdous
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Sarvjeet Singh
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Md J Abedin
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Nan Jiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Cameron E Perry
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Bret M Evers
- Pathology (B.M.E.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Lillehei Heart Institute (M.K.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA (M.T.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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9
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Kusakabe R, Tanaka M, Kuratani S. Developmental Evolution of Hypaxial Muscles: Insights From Cyclostomes and Chondrichthyans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760366. [PMID: 34650989 PMCID: PMC8505881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jawed vertebrates possess two distinct groups of muscles in the trunk (epaxial and hypaxial muscles) primarily defined by the pattern of motor innervation from the spinal cord. Of these, the hypaxial group includes muscles with highly differentiated morphology and function, such as the muscles associated with paired limbs, shoulder girdles and tongue/infrahyoid (hypobranchial) muscles. Here we summarize the latest findings on the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the morphological variety of hypaxial musculature, with special reference to the molecular insights obtained from several living species that diverged early in vertebrate evolution. Lampreys, extant jawless vertebrates, lack many of derived traits characteristic of the gnathostomes, such as jaws, paired fins and epaxial/hypaxial distinction of the trunk skeletal musculatures. However, these animals possess the primitive form of the hypobranchial muscle. Of the gnathostomes, the elasmobranchs exhibit developmental mode of hypaxial muscles that is not identical to that of other gnathostomes in that the muscle primordia relocate as coherent cell aggregates. Comparison of expression of developmental genes, including Lbx genes, has delineated the temporal order of differentiation of various skeletal muscles, such as the hypobranchial, posterior pharyngeal and cucullaris (trapezius) muscles. We have proposed that the sequential addition of distal muscles, associated with expression of duplicated Lbx genes, promoted the elaboration of skeletal musculature. These analyses have revealed the framework of an evolutionary pathway that gave rise to the morphological complexity and diversity of vertebrate body patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan.,Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, Japan
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10
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Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Hernandez-Torres F, Ramírez-de Acuña F, Matías-Valiente L, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Franco D, Aranega AE. Muscle Satellite Cell Heterogeneity: Does Embryonic Origin Matter? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750534. [PMID: 34722534 PMCID: PMC8554119 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is an important homeostatic process of adult skeletal muscle that recapitulates many aspects of embryonic myogenesis. Satellite cells (SCs) are the main muscle stem cells responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration. SCs reside between the myofiber basal lamina and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber in a quiescent state. However, in response to physiological stimuli or muscle trauma, activated SCs transiently re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and subsequently exit the cell cycle to differentiate or self-renew. Recent evidence has stated that SCs display functional heterogeneity linked to regenerative capability with an undifferentiated subgroup that is more prone to self-renewal, as well as committed progenitor cells ready for myogenic differentiation. Several lineage tracing studies suggest that such SC heterogeneity could be associated with different embryonic origins. Although it has been established that SCs are derived from the central dermomyotome, how a small subpopulation of the SCs progeny maintain their stem cell identity while most progress through the myogenic program to construct myofibers is not well understood. In this review, we synthesize the works supporting the different developmental origins of SCs as the genesis of their functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F. Ramírez-de Acuña
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Matías-Valiente
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Eva Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
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Ji Z, Chen S, Cui J, Huang W, Zhang R, Wei J, Zhang S. Oct4-dependent FoxC1 activation improves the survival and neovascularization of mesenchymal stem cells under myocardial ischemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:483. [PMID: 34454602 PMCID: PMC8403428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains the most promising approach for cardiac repair after myocardial infarct (MI). However, their poor survival and potential in the ischemic environment limit their therapeutic efficacy for heart repair after MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of FoxC1-induced vascular niche on the activation of octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) and the fate of MSCs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions.
Methods Vascular microenvironment/niche was induced by efficient delivery of FoxC1 transfection into hypoxic endothelial cells (ECs) or infarcted hearts. MSCs were cultured or injected into this niche by utilizing an in vitro coculture model and a rat MI model. Survival and neovascularization of MSCs regulated by Oct4 were explored using gene transfer and functional studies.
Results Here, using gene expression heatmap, we demonstrated that cardiac ECs rapidly upregulated FoxC1 after acute ischemic cardiac injury, contributing to an intrinsic angiogenesis. In vitro, FoxC1 accelerated tube-like structure formation and increased survival of ECs, resulting in inducing a vascular microenvironment. Overexpression of FoxC1 in ECs promoted survival and neovascularization of MSCs under hypoxic coculture. Overexpression of Oct4, a FoxC1 target gene, in MSCs enhanced their mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) while knockdown of Oct4 by siRNA altering vascularization. In a rat MI model, overexpression of FoxC1 in ischemic hearts increased post-infarct vascular density and improved cardiac function. The transplantation of adOct4-pretreated MSCs into these ischemic niches augments MEndoT, enhanced vascularity, and further improved cardiac function. Consistently, these cardioprotective effects of FoxC1 was abrogated when Oct4 was depleted in the MSCs and was mimicked by overexpression of Oct4. Conclusions Together, these studies demonstrate that the FoxC1/Oct4 axis is an essential aspect for survival and neovascularization of MSCs in the ischemic conditions and represents a potential therapeutic target for enhancing cardiac repair. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02553-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Songsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Jianrui Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Medical College of Jinan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
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12
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Kusakabe R, Higuchi S, Tanaka M, Kadota M, Nishimura O, Kuratani S. Novel developmental bases for the evolution of hypobranchial muscles in vertebrates. BMC Biol 2020; 18:120. [PMID: 32907560 PMCID: PMC7488077 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrates are characterized by possession of hypobranchial muscles (HBMs). Cyclostomes, or modern jawless vertebrates, possess a rudimentary and superficial HBM lateral to the pharynx, whereas the HBM in jawed vertebrates is internalized and anteroposteriorly specified. Precursor cells of the HBM, marked by expression of Lbx1, originate from somites and undergo extensive migration before becoming innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. How the complex form of HBM arose in evolution is relevant to the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, but despite having long been assumed to be similar to that of limb muscles, modification of developmental mechanisms of HBM remains enigmatic. RESULTS Here we characterize the expression of Lbx genes in lamprey and hagfish (cyclostomes) and catshark (gnathostome; jawed vertebrates). We show that the expression patterns of the single cyclostome Lbx homologue, Lbx-A, do not resemble the somitic expression of mammalian Lbx1. Disruption of Lbx-A revealed that LjLbx-A is required for the formation of both HBM and body wall muscles, likely due to the insufficient extension of precursor cells rather than to hindered muscle differentiation. Both homologues of Lbx in the catshark were expressed in the somitic muscle primordia, unlike in amniotes. During catshark embryogenesis, Lbx2 is expressed in the caudal HBM as well as in the abdominal rectus muscle, similar to lamprey Lbx-A, whereas Lbx1 marks the rostral HBM and pectoral fin muscle. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the vertebrate HBM primarily emerged as a specialized somatic muscle to cover the pharynx, and the anterior internalized HBM of the gnathostomes is likely a novelty added rostral to the cyclostome-like HBM, for which duplication and functionalization of Lbx genes would have been a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Higuchi
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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13
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Maire P, Dos Santos M, Madani R, Sakakibara I, Viaut C, Wurmser M. Myogenesis control by SIX transcriptional complexes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:51-64. [PMID: 32247726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIX homeoproteins were first described in Drosophila, where they participate in the Pax-Six-Eya-Dach (PSED) network with eyeless, eyes absent and dachsund to drive synergistically eye development through genetic and biochemical interactions. The role of the PSED network and SIX proteins in muscle formation in vertebrates was subsequently identified. Evolutionary conserved interactions with EYA and DACH proteins underlie the activity of SIX transcriptional complexes (STC) both during embryogenesis and in adult myofibers. Six genes are expressed throughout muscle development, in embryonic and adult proliferating myogenic stem cells and in fetal and adult post-mitotic myofibers, where SIX proteins regulate the expression of various categories of genes. In vivo, SIX proteins control many steps of muscle development, acting through feedforward mechanisms: in the embryo for myogenic fate acquisition through the direct control of Myogenic Regulatory Factors; in adult myofibers for their contraction/relaxation and fatigability properties through the control of genes involved in metabolism, sarcomeric organization and calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, during development and in the adult, SIX homeoproteins participate in the genesis and the maintenance of myofibers diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | - Rouba Madani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camille Viaut
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå universitet, Sweden
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14
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Keenan SR, Currie PD. The Developmental Phases of Zebrafish Myogenesis. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:E12. [PMID: 31159511 PMCID: PMC6632013 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of vertebrate axial muscle have been studied for decades at both the descriptive and molecular level. The zebrafish has provided an attractive model system for investigating both muscle patterning and growth due to its simple axial musculature with spatially separated fibre types, which contrasts to complex muscle groups often deployed in amniotes. In recent years, new findings have reshaped previous concepts that define how final teleost muscle form is established and maintained. Here, we summarise recent findings in zebrafish embryonic myogenesis with a focus on fibre type specification, followed by an examination of the molecular mechanisms that control muscle growth with emphasis on the role of the dermomyotome-like external cell layer. We also consider these data sets in a comparative context to gain insight into the evolution of axial myogenic patterning systems within the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Keenan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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15
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Chen X, Wei H, Li J, Liang X, Dai S, Jiang L, Guo M, Qu L, Chen Z, Chen L, Chen Y. Structural basis for DNA recognition by FOXC2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3752-3764. [PMID: 30722065 PMCID: PMC6468292 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXC family of transcription factors (FOXC1 and FOXC2) plays essential roles in the regulation of embryonic, ocular, and cardiac development. Mutations and abnormal expression of FOXC proteins are implicated in genetic diseases as well as cancer. In this study, we determined two crystal structures of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of human FOXC2 protein, in complex with different DNA sites. The FOXC2-DBD adopts the winged-helix fold with helix H3 contributing to all the base specific contacts, while the N-terminus, wing 1, and the C-terminus of FOXC2-DBD all make additional contacts with the phosphate groups of DNA. Our structural, biochemical, and bioinformatics analyses allow us to revise the previously proposed DNA recognition mechanism and provide a model of DNA binding for the FOXC proteins. In addition, our structural analysis and accompanying biochemical assays provide a molecular basis for understanding disease-causing mutations in FOXC1 and FOXC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and College of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yongheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and College of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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16
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Weiner JA. A critical role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in the formation of mammalian muscle in vivo. Genesis 2019; 57:e23286. [PMID: 30801883 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved Akirin nuclear proteins interact with chromatin remodeling complexes at gene enhancers and promoters, and have been reported to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Of the two mouse Akirin genes, Akirin2 is essential during embryonic development, with known in vivo roles in immune system function and the formation of the cerebral cortex. Here we demonstrate that Akirin2 is critical for mouse myogenesis, a tightly regulated developmental process through which myoblast precursors fuse to form mature skeletal muscle fibers. Loss of Akirin2 in somitic muscle precursor cells via Sim1-Cre-mediated excision of a conditional Akirin2 allele results in neonatal lethality. Mutant embryos exhibit a complete lack of forelimb, intercostal, and diaphragm muscles due to extensive apoptosis and loss of Pax3-positive myoblasts. Severe skeletal defects, including craniofacial abnormalities, disrupted ossification, and rib fusions are also observed, attributable to lack of skeletal muscles as well as patchy Sim1-Cre activity in the embryonic sclerotome. We further show that Akirin2 levels are tightly regulated during muscle cell differentiation in vitro, and that Akirin2 is required for the proper expression of muscle differentiation factors myogenin and myosin heavy chain. Our results implicate Akirin2 as a major regulator of mammalian muscle formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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17
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Rafipay A, Berg ALR, Erskine L, Vargesson N. Expression analysis of limb element markers during mouse embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1217-1226. [PMID: 30225906 PMCID: PMC6282987 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While data regarding expression of limb element and tissue markers during normal mouse limb development exist, few studies show expression patterns in upper and lower limbs throughout key limb development stages. A comparison to normal developmental events is essential when analyzing development of the limb in mutant mice models. Results: Expression patterns of the joint marker Gdf5, tendon and ligament marker Scleraxis, early muscle marker MyoD1, and blood vessel marker Cadherin5 (Cdh5) are presented during the most active phases of embryonic mouse limb patterning. Anti‐neurofilament staining of developing nerves in the fore‐ and hindlimbs and cartilage formation and progression also are described. Conclusions: This study demonstrates and describes a range of key morphological markers and methods that together can be used to assess normal and abnormal limb development. Developmental Dynamics 247:1217–1226, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists Expression patterns of molecular markers throughout both fore‐ and hindlimb development ‐ which can be used to assess normal and abnormal development. Detailled description of innervation during fore‐ and hindlimb development confirming innervation first seen after limb patterning events have begun. Description of cartilage development and progression indicates alizarin red staining not seen until E15.5 in both fore‐ and hindlimbs. Hindlimb lags behind forelimb molecularly and morphologically until E14.5. Detailled description of methods used to study fore‐ and hindlimb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rafipay
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
| | - Amanda L R Berg
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
| | - Lynda Erskine
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
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18
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Hirasawa T, Kuratani S. Evolution of the muscular system in tetrapod limbs. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2018; 4:27. [PMID: 30258652 PMCID: PMC6148784 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-018-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
While skeletal evolution has been extensively studied, the evolution of limb muscles and brachial plexus has received less attention. In this review, we focus on the tempo and mode of evolution of forelimb muscles in the vertebrate history, and on the developmental mechanisms that have affected the evolution of their morphology. Tetrapod limb muscles develop from diffuse migrating cells derived from dermomyotomes, and the limb-innervating nerves lose their segmental patterns to form the brachial plexus distally. Despite such seemingly disorganized developmental processes, limb muscle homology has been highly conserved in tetrapod evolution, with the apparent exception of the mammalian diaphragm. The limb mesenchyme of lateral plate mesoderm likely plays a pivotal role in the subdivision of the myogenic cell population into individual muscles through the formation of interstitial muscle connective tissues. Interactions with tendons and motoneuron axons are involved in the early and late phases of limb muscle morphogenesis, respectively. The mechanism underlying the recurrent generation of limb muscle homology likely resides in these developmental processes, which should be studied from an evolutionary perspective in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirasawa
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
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19
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Translational Control of the Myogenic Program in Developing, Regenerating, and Diseased Skeletal Muscle. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 126:67-98. [PMID: 29305004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Translational control of genes that code for protein allows a cell to rapidly respond to changes in its environment, in part because translational control of gene expression does not depend on upstream events required to produce an mRNA molecule. The importance of translational control has been highlighted by studies concerning muscle development, regeneration, and disease. Translational control of specific mRNAs is achieved by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, which are particularly relevant to developmental myogenesis, where they ensure the stepwise differentiation of multipotent progenitors to committed myogenic progenitors that ultimately fuse into slow- or fast-type myofibers that make up skeletal muscle. The importance of translational control is also illustrated in muscle disease, where deregulated microRNA expression accelerates or delays progression of disease. Skeletal muscle is also unique for its remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury, which requires the activity of quiescent muscle stem cells, named satellite cells for their position underneath the basal lamina of the myofiber. Mitotically quiescent satellite cells are primed to activate the cell cycle and myogenic program, a unique feature that requires specific regulation of mRNA translation converging with pathways that regulate global protein synthesis. Emerging concepts in translational control of gene expression have shed light on multiple layers of control over the myogenic program. In parallel, the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle represents a unique, relevant, and highly defined context within which new concepts in translational control of gene expression should emerge.
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20
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McQueen C, Pownall ME. An analysis of MyoD-dependent transcription using CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting in Xenopus tropicalis embryos. Mech Dev 2017; 146:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Han B, Bhowmick N, Qu Y, Chung S, Giuliano AE, Cui X. FOXC1: an emerging marker and therapeutic target for cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:3957-3963. [PMID: 28288141 PMCID: PMC5652000 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor is involved in normal embryonic development and regulates the development and function of many organs. Most recently, a large body of literature has shown that FOXC1 plays a critical role in tumor development and metastasis. Clinical studies have demonstrated that elevated FOXC1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in many cancer subtypes, such as basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). FOXC1 is highly and specifically expressed in BLBC as opposed to other breast cancer subtypes. Its functions in breast cancer have been extensively explored. This review will summarize current knowledge on the function and regulation of FOXC1 in tumor development and progression with a focus on BLBC as well as the implications of these new findings in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Han
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Qu
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Chung
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A E Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Motojima M, Kume T, Matsusaka T. Foxc1 and Foxc2 are necessary to maintain glomerular podocytes. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:265-272. [PMID: 28223138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Foxc1 and Foxc2 (Foxc1/2) are transcription factors involved in many biological processes. In adult kidneys, expression of Foxc1/2 is confined to the glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. To bypass embryonic lethality of Foxc1/2 null mice, mice ubiquitously expressing inducible-Cre (ROSA26-CreERT2) or mice expressing Cre in podocytes (Nephrin-Cre) were mated with floxed-Foxc1 and floxed-Foxc2 mice. The CreERT2 was activated in adult mice by administrations of tamoxifen. Eight weeks after tamoxifen treatment, ROSA26-CreERT2; Foxc1+/flox; Foxc2flox/flox mice developed microalbuminuria, while ROSA26-Cre ERT2; Foxc1flox/flox; Foxc2+/flox mice had no microalbuminuria. The kidneys of conditional-Foxc1/2 null mice showed proteinaceous casts, protein reabsorption droplets in tubules and huge vacuoles in podocytes, indicating severe podocyte injury and massive proteinuria. Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed that Foxc1/2 maintain expression of genes necessary for podocyte function such as podocin and Cxcl12. In addition, mice with an innate podocyte-specific deletion of Foxc1/2 by Nephrin-Cre develop similar podocyte injury. These results demonstrate dose-dependence of Foxc1/2 gene in maintaining the podocyte with a more critical role for Foxc2 than Foxc1 and a critical role of Foxc1/2 in regulating expression of genes that maintain podocyte integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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23
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Deries M, Thorsteinsdóttir S. Axial and limb muscle development: dialogue with the neighbourhood. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4415-4431. [PMID: 27344602 PMCID: PMC11108464 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system which also includes nerves, tendons, connective tissue, bones and blood vessels. Here we review the development of axial and limb muscles in amniotes within the context of their surrounding tissues in vivo. We highlight the reciprocal dialogue mediated by signalling factors between cells of these adjacent tissues and developing muscles and also demonstrate its importance from the onset of muscle cell differentiation well into foetal development. Early embryonic tissues secrete factors which are important regulators of myogenesis. However, later muscle development relies on other tissue collaborators, such as developing nerves and connective tissue, which are in turn influenced by the developing muscles themselves. We conclude that skeletal muscle development in vivo is a compelling example of the importance of reciprocal interactions between developing tissues for the complete and coordinated development of a functional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Deries
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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